Charles Bair Jr FE FOR iHE G1NkRD Although canardsparticularly pushersare aerodynamically efficient remain mystery model designers CANARDS ARE FUN ask what canard canard configured airplane has pitch control surface front its wing Wright brothers tried it worked Maybe ought try it You may like French aviation experimenters heard Wright brothers suc ceeded flying machine its eleva tors front its wings proclaimed canard French word tall tale French believed hoax because such flying machine would have unstable flight indeed Wright brothers 1903 airplane unstable Canard configured airplanes need necessarily unstable cor rect CG location used Some pictures see por tray fact through history aviation canard configured airplanes have considered some have built test flown Only best knowledge has ever put production aeronautical en gineers keep considering canards spite unpopularity have unpopular First let us consider difference tween conventional canard con figured airplane stability con trol point view can best done using several vector diagrams indicate direction strength lift re quired froiv wing other hon Top A real rarity Dick Sarpoluss Unlimited Class RC sailplane Left Framework glider quite conventional design published Flying Models magazine 4 Model Aviation zontal surface whether tail surface canard surface different demands made airplane Remember amount lift required fly ing surface will indicated length lift vector position vector will aerodynamic center pressure surface vector diagram must equilibrium maintain flight condition shown therefore mo ments produced lift two lift ing surfaces must balance about CG location shall examine different possibili ties stable airplane change angle attack greater angle attack angle attack must course variable airplanes controllabe pitch stable conven tional airplane two possibilities shown Fig 1 2 Note weight airplane shown Mg mass X acceleration account g turns pullups etc exists air planes center gravity CG location results neutral stability CG iota aft point airplane unstable handles undesirable fashion model airplanes have met doom maiden flight due disregard lack understanding very real CG limitation Fig 1 shows typical model CG location Fig 2 shows situation aft CG loca tion still far enough forward remain stable will note immediately Fig CG airplane located front center pressure wing downward lift required tail order produce equilibirum Horrors Worse yet obtain greater amounts lift wing must raised higher angle attack increasing already undesirable tail downward lift Swedish Saab SF37 Viggen canard consid- Below Sixty-two years after Wright Brothers ered best jet fighters world historic flight canard North Americans noted its short-field performance XB-70 Valkyrie achieved Mach 3 speed Case Canard CG NET LIFT Mxg FIGURE CONVENTIONAL AIRPLANE WITH TYPICAL CG LOCATION WING LIFT CG NET LIFT Mxg FIGURE IA CONVENTIONAL AIRPLANE WITH TYPICAL CG LOCATION AT INCREASED ANGLE OF ATTACK WING LIFT T CG NET LIFT Mxg FIGURE 2 CONVENTIONAL AIRPLANE WITH AFT CG LOCATION WING LIFT RELATIVE WIND T CG NET LIFT Mxg FIGURE 2A CONVENTIONAL AIRPLANE WITH INCREASED ANGLE OF ATTACK CANARD LIFT RELATIVE WIND TAIL LIFT TAIL LIFT AFT CG LOCATION AT 2 LIFT T CG NET LIFT FIGURE 3 CANARD CONFIGURED AIRPLANE WITH TYPICAL CG t CANARD LIFT addition reducing net lift total airplane remember theres lift theres drag example ac TAIL LIFTtually pay drag penalty generate DOWNWARDdownward lift works against wing Result wing required pro duce lift make up tail down load cost yet drag Would believe model airplanes fly just described will say airplanes quite stable probably handle nicely gusty conditions Fig 2 shows conventional airplane configuration CU location aft TAIL LIFTaerodynamic center pressure DOWNWARDwing forward airplane neutral point symmetric airfoils used wing horizontal stabilizer such situation always possible way competition pattern fliers balance airplanes interest good per formance situation both wing horizontal stabilizer produce up ward lift forces keep airplane equilibrium However investigate what required produce lift find must decrease lift horizontal stabilizer increase lift wing would desirable crease lift surfaces once Let us consider canard configured airplane As saw second case il lustrated Fig 2 wing canard both produce upward lift flight con ditions bonus canard configu ration raise wing higher angle attack hence obtain greater wing lift canard must produce lift Both wing canard working together increase total airplane lift big payoffs canard configuration First greater amount total lift possible exam ples Fig 1 2 Secondly lift canard matched closely lift wing second point provides aerodynamically efficient airplane through wide range angles attack now have elementary understand ing Saab Viggen fighter air plane attains extraordinary short field per formance retaining excellent high speed capabilities ad vantages aerodynamic efficiency too Canard models lend themselves well pusher configurations since center gravity needs pretty far aft nose comparison conventional mod els number reasons pusher configuration efficient conventional tractor arrangement biggest factors high ve locity turbulent propeller wash hind airplane thus allowing air plane fly smoother air Additionally messy oil engine exhaust kept clear airplane some sound logical reasons using canard configured model airplanes jjjIF T CG NET LIFT Mxg FIGURE 3A CANARD CONFIGURED AIRPLANE WITH TYPICAL CG AT INCREASED ANGLE OF ATTACK WING LIFT RELATIVE WIND RELATIVE WIND RELATIVE WIND RELATIVE WIND Left The Zonker 40 RC pattern ship Novice pattern sport flies handles superbly Plans will appear next issue Above De signed aero engineers tall-firmed Zonker dis plays proper configuration Beyond logic makes good sense canards something differ ent something very few modelers have Some people think flying back wards some dont believe can fly Indeed proud moment airplane lined up takeoff front skeptics Gracefully accelerates takes air least magnificent ly other model smoothly turns around comes zooming agilely demonstrating its efficient aerodynamic features dares easily complete several consecutive loops victory roll finally can resist canards cant good must some drawbacks severe drawback probably canards bit trickier design conventional airplanes center gravity location should determined through stability control analysis probability successfully locating satis factory CG position experimentation low enough warrant some analysis lieu ofsomecrashes continued page 82 February 1977 7 Below The word canard derives French description Wright biplane canard false story bit hasty Wrights design success impres sive because canard configuration much harder designwhich would seem ac count modelers reluctance try KINNER SPORTSTER 39 weRgspan 019 power op 3 channels nc great sport trainer 1930s$1295 FAIRCHILD 22 prios 48 Wingsoon________________ announced 09 to25 Power 3 Channel R/C #107 qj see local hobby dealer CL Aerobatics/Paul continued page 34 using playing cards Theres new trick Most us use paper towels etc Sand after first coat 400 paper Before sanding let glue cure overnight about 24 hours Bob said 76 plane put coat Hobbypoxy glue wood plane aged October grain started coming out some places So recommends two coats Put another coat glue allow cure sand again 400 thin Hobbypoxy glue thing Some people have thinned glue result grain filled enough Bob says piece 400 paper can used sand entire plane glue sands very easily After two coats have applied cured sanded ready fillets Bob used Epoxolite No special treatment required just make good fillets Next item spray two coats Aerogloss clear spray gun Obviously means clear has thinned enough get through gun lay pretty thick coat should sufficient Bob stresses use Aero gloss because feels will make best bond Hobbypoxy glue base Now ready Aerogloss clear talc color mixed equal parts Use color other red Red too hard cover color used show what parts have covered much has sanded oH after start sanding process three part mixture has thinned enough sprayed may need up three coats plenty sanding between dont pick up too much weight Next line spray coat Aerogloss clear seal everything spray base coat Sig silver Another trick mix some white paint silver supposed kill grain usually associ ated silver Wet sand after silver has cured least 24 hours AMERICANScesaC3B C L S SIC S worlds finest models Send tree brochure ~*t04 AristocratrRAOODASTPOC UP TO THREE SC WOSPS OHS POWER FAR SIR 55ROSA DOSSTRO UP HO HORDE SORASPAS.ORS COWSSJSALE TRW CLASSIC AIR FAR ROAIA ODETROL op met PuSorARGOT P505 TIE %OLOES ERAII V TEP ELLONCO RVRSDR COO OS VIA DEWED #101SSOS tel 703 2739593 55 WIOGAPUN ADO POWER PAR FLYLINE MODELS 10640 ASHOY FL FAIRFAX VA 22030 Now ready final color coats Bob uses Sig white Genesis rest finish similar other cycle finishing Another trick used some super duper slick finish spe cialists wet sand 600 after about four coats final clear spray about three four coats clear comes final sanding rub bing out information about PAMPA comments contact 1640 Maywick Dr Lexington KY 40504 Canard/Ba i r continued page 7 Canards tend exhibit some nasty stall spin characteristics Stalls spins will encountered normal con trol inputs Another small drawback propeller tail stall turn maneuver required novice pat tern bit difficult because rud der effectiveness near stall speed poor rudder propeller wash little practice however good stall turns have accomplished pusher configuration used must consider small selection pusher propellers available ball-bearing engine required withstand thrust toward crankcase engine Consideration can given engines will run back wards rotating front plate front intake engines through 900 engine run backwards tractor propeller can used factors constitute greatest drawbacks trying canard configura tion Only can determine canard kind thing unusual strange hot performing exciting very fascinating fly watch Man Planes/Hannan continued page 25 nose may carved wood Features such eyes may painted other 3-dimensional details such goggles added desired realistic subject ball used merely armature core support added papier-mache spackle mixture balsa dust glue putty may applied small artist pallet knife screwdriver build up features required relatively rough texture results can quite realistic perhaps smooth ness us associate skin fully dried surface can additionally worked sandpaper files de sired Don Typond actually did lifelike self-portrait method using commercially made pilot head arma ture Subtractive Example Select lightweight block balsa allowing vertical height required finished pilot order provide good handhold dur ing carving Draw front side view proposed figure block using fiber-point pen soft pencil Using coping jig saw cut roughly outline Next draw approximation re maining view block again saw outline Dont take off too much will back additive system again Using sharp modelers knife begin cut away corners using small straightline cuts gradually working down facial shapes Refer constantly il lustrations commercially-made exam ple Rotate block working vari ous sides rather trying finish side time satisfied contours switch files sandiuig sticks finishing touches As men tioned earlier super-smoothness may produce convincing results spinner cowling trying create human head can some instances have almost prune-like wrinkles Which can add character almost automatically think satisfied carving stop Ask someone else think ready painting Likely will suggest some improvements None us particularly enjoys criticism work constructive suggestions useful willing accept need art critic judge fresh viewpoint can immeasurable assistance youd rather listen anyone elses opinion simply put carving away day look carefully yourself betting will see areas can stand improvement Although chose balsa example foam can substituted easier carve may allow such pre cise feature detail unless applied additive method using spackle similar substance 82 Model Aviation ARTICLES WANTED Have design youd like have pub lished topic youd like write about tell editor about idea may worth money
Edition: Model Aviation - 1977/02
Page Numbers: 4, 5, 6, 7, 82
Charles Bair Jr FE FOR iHE G1NkRD Although canardsparticularly pushersare aerodynamically efficient remain mystery model designers CANARDS ARE FUN ask what canard canard configured airplane has pitch control surface front its wing Wright brothers tried it worked Maybe ought try it You may like French aviation experimenters heard Wright brothers suc ceeded flying machine its eleva tors front its wings proclaimed canard French word tall tale French believed hoax because such flying machine would have unstable flight indeed Wright brothers 1903 airplane unstable Canard configured airplanes need necessarily unstable cor rect CG location used Some pictures see por tray fact through history aviation canard configured airplanes have considered some have built test flown Only best knowledge has ever put production aeronautical en gineers keep considering canards spite unpopularity have unpopular First let us consider difference tween conventional canard con figured airplane stability con trol point view can best done using several vector diagrams indicate direction strength lift re quired froiv wing other hon Top A real rarity Dick Sarpoluss Unlimited Class RC sailplane Left Framework glider quite conventional design published Flying Models magazine 4 Model Aviation zontal surface whether tail surface canard surface different demands made airplane Remember amount lift required fly ing surface will indicated length lift vector position vector will aerodynamic center pressure surface vector diagram must equilibrium maintain flight condition shown therefore mo ments produced lift two lift ing surfaces must balance about CG location shall examine different possibili ties stable airplane change angle attack greater angle attack angle attack must course variable airplanes controllabe pitch stable conven tional airplane two possibilities shown Fig 1 2 Note weight airplane shown Mg mass X acceleration account g turns pullups etc exists air planes center gravity CG location results neutral stability CG iota aft point airplane unstable handles undesirable fashion model airplanes have met doom maiden flight due disregard lack understanding very real CG limitation Fig 1 shows typical model CG location Fig 2 shows situation aft CG loca tion still far enough forward remain stable will note immediately Fig CG airplane located front center pressure wing downward lift required tail order produce equilibirum Horrors Worse yet obtain greater amounts lift wing must raised higher angle attack increasing already undesirable tail downward lift Swedish Saab SF37 Viggen canard consid- Below Sixty-two years after Wright Brothers ered best jet fighters world historic flight canard North Americans noted its short-field performance XB-70 Valkyrie achieved Mach 3 speed Case Canard CG NET LIFT Mxg FIGURE CONVENTIONAL AIRPLANE WITH TYPICAL CG LOCATION WING LIFT CG NET LIFT Mxg FIGURE IA CONVENTIONAL AIRPLANE WITH TYPICAL CG LOCATION AT INCREASED ANGLE OF ATTACK WING LIFT T CG NET LIFT Mxg FIGURE 2 CONVENTIONAL AIRPLANE WITH AFT CG LOCATION WING LIFT RELATIVE WIND T CG NET LIFT Mxg FIGURE 2A CONVENTIONAL AIRPLANE WITH INCREASED ANGLE OF ATTACK CANARD LIFT RELATIVE WIND TAIL LIFT TAIL LIFT AFT CG LOCATION AT 2 LIFT T CG NET LIFT FIGURE 3 CANARD CONFIGURED AIRPLANE WITH TYPICAL CG t CANARD LIFT addition reducing net lift total airplane remember theres lift theres drag example ac TAIL LIFTtually pay drag penalty generate DOWNWARDdownward lift works against wing Result wing required pro duce lift make up tail down load cost yet drag Would believe model airplanes fly just described will say airplanes quite stable probably handle nicely gusty conditions Fig 2 shows conventional airplane configuration CU location aft TAIL LIFTaerodynamic center pressure DOWNWARDwing forward airplane neutral point symmetric airfoils used wing horizontal stabilizer such situation always possible way competition pattern fliers balance airplanes interest good per formance situation both wing horizontal stabilizer produce up ward lift forces keep airplane equilibrium However investigate what required produce lift find must decrease lift horizontal stabilizer increase lift wing would desirable crease lift surfaces once Let us consider canard configured airplane As saw second case il lustrated Fig 2 wing canard both produce upward lift flight con ditions bonus canard configu ration raise wing higher angle attack hence obtain greater wing lift canard must produce lift Both wing canard working together increase total airplane lift big payoffs canard configuration First greater amount total lift possible exam ples Fig 1 2 Secondly lift canard matched closely lift wing second point provides aerodynamically efficient airplane through wide range angles attack now have elementary understand ing Saab Viggen fighter air plane attains extraordinary short field per formance retaining excellent high speed capabilities ad vantages aerodynamic efficiency too Canard models lend themselves well pusher configurations since center gravity needs pretty far aft nose comparison conventional mod els number reasons pusher configuration efficient conventional tractor arrangement biggest factors high ve locity turbulent propeller wash hind airplane thus allowing air plane fly smoother air Additionally messy oil engine exhaust kept clear airplane some sound logical reasons using canard configured model airplanes jjjIF T CG NET LIFT Mxg FIGURE 3A CANARD CONFIGURED AIRPLANE WITH TYPICAL CG AT INCREASED ANGLE OF ATTACK WING LIFT RELATIVE WIND RELATIVE WIND RELATIVE WIND RELATIVE WIND Left The Zonker 40 RC pattern ship Novice pattern sport flies handles superbly Plans will appear next issue Above De signed aero engineers tall-firmed Zonker dis plays proper configuration Beyond logic makes good sense canards something differ ent something very few modelers have Some people think flying back wards some dont believe can fly Indeed proud moment airplane lined up takeoff front skeptics Gracefully accelerates takes air least magnificent ly other model smoothly turns around comes zooming agilely demonstrating its efficient aerodynamic features dares easily complete several consecutive loops victory roll finally can resist canards cant good must some drawbacks severe drawback probably canards bit trickier design conventional airplanes center gravity location should determined through stability control analysis probability successfully locating satis factory CG position experimentation low enough warrant some analysis lieu ofsomecrashes continued page 82 February 1977 7 Below The word canard derives French description Wright biplane canard false story bit hasty Wrights design success impres sive because canard configuration much harder designwhich would seem ac count modelers reluctance try KINNER SPORTSTER 39 weRgspan 019 power op 3 channels nc great sport trainer 1930s$1295 FAIRCHILD 22 prios 48 Wingsoon________________ announced 09 to25 Power 3 Channel R/C #107 qj see local hobby dealer CL Aerobatics/Paul continued page 34 using playing cards Theres new trick Most us use paper towels etc Sand after first coat 400 paper Before sanding let glue cure overnight about 24 hours Bob said 76 plane put coat Hobbypoxy glue wood plane aged October grain started coming out some places So recommends two coats Put another coat glue allow cure sand again 400 thin Hobbypoxy glue thing Some people have thinned glue result grain filled enough Bob says piece 400 paper can used sand entire plane glue sands very easily After two coats have applied cured sanded ready fillets Bob used Epoxolite No special treatment required just make good fillets Next item spray two coats Aerogloss clear spray gun Obviously means clear has thinned enough get through gun lay pretty thick coat should sufficient Bob stresses use Aero gloss because feels will make best bond Hobbypoxy glue base Now ready Aerogloss clear talc color mixed equal parts Use color other red Red too hard cover color used show what parts have covered much has sanded oH after start sanding process three part mixture has thinned enough sprayed may need up three coats plenty sanding between dont pick up too much weight Next line spray coat Aerogloss clear seal everything spray base coat Sig silver Another trick mix some white paint silver supposed kill grain usually associ ated silver Wet sand after silver has cured least 24 hours AMERICANScesaC3B C L S SIC S worlds finest models Send tree brochure ~*t04 AristocratrRAOODASTPOC UP TO THREE SC WOSPS OHS POWER FAR SIR 55ROSA DOSSTRO UP HO HORDE SORASPAS.ORS COWSSJSALE TRW CLASSIC AIR FAR ROAIA ODETROL op met PuSorARGOT P505 TIE %OLOES ERAII V TEP ELLONCO RVRSDR COO OS VIA DEWED #101SSOS tel 703 2739593 55 WIOGAPUN ADO POWER PAR FLYLINE MODELS 10640 ASHOY FL FAIRFAX VA 22030 Now ready final color coats Bob uses Sig white Genesis rest finish similar other cycle finishing Another trick used some super duper slick finish spe cialists wet sand 600 after about four coats final clear spray about three four coats clear comes final sanding rub bing out information about PAMPA comments contact 1640 Maywick Dr Lexington KY 40504 Canard/Ba i r continued page 7 Canards tend exhibit some nasty stall spin characteristics Stalls spins will encountered normal con trol inputs Another small drawback propeller tail stall turn maneuver required novice pat tern bit difficult because rud der effectiveness near stall speed poor rudder propeller wash little practice however good stall turns have accomplished pusher configuration used must consider small selection pusher propellers available ball-bearing engine required withstand thrust toward crankcase engine Consideration can given engines will run back wards rotating front plate front intake engines through 900 engine run backwards tractor propeller can used factors constitute greatest drawbacks trying canard configura tion Only can determine canard kind thing unusual strange hot performing exciting very fascinating fly watch Man Planes/Hannan continued page 25 nose may carved wood Features such eyes may painted other 3-dimensional details such goggles added desired realistic subject ball used merely armature core support added papier-mache spackle mixture balsa dust glue putty may applied small artist pallet knife screwdriver build up features required relatively rough texture results can quite realistic perhaps smooth ness us associate skin fully dried surface can additionally worked sandpaper files de sired Don Typond actually did lifelike self-portrait method using commercially made pilot head arma ture Subtractive Example Select lightweight block balsa allowing vertical height required finished pilot order provide good handhold dur ing carving Draw front side view proposed figure block using fiber-point pen soft pencil Using coping jig saw cut roughly outline Next draw approximation re maining view block again saw outline Dont take off too much will back additive system again Using sharp modelers knife begin cut away corners using small straightline cuts gradually working down facial shapes Refer constantly il lustrations commercially-made exam ple Rotate block working vari ous sides rather trying finish side time satisfied contours switch files sandiuig sticks finishing touches As men tioned earlier super-smoothness may produce convincing results spinner cowling trying create human head can some instances have almost prune-like wrinkles Which can add character almost automatically think satisfied carving stop Ask someone else think ready painting Likely will suggest some improvements None us particularly enjoys criticism work constructive suggestions useful willing accept need art critic judge fresh viewpoint can immeasurable assistance youd rather listen anyone elses opinion simply put carving away day look carefully yourself betting will see areas can stand improvement Although chose balsa example foam can substituted easier carve may allow such pre cise feature detail unless applied additive method using spackle similar substance 82 Model Aviation ARTICLES WANTED Have design youd like have pub lished topic youd like write about tell editor about idea may worth money
Edition: Model Aviation - 1977/02
Page Numbers: 4, 5, 6, 7, 82
Charles Bair Jr FE FOR iHE G1NkRD Although canardsparticularly pushersare aerodynamically efficient remain mystery model designers CANARDS ARE FUN ask what canard canard configured airplane has pitch control surface front its wing Wright brothers tried it worked Maybe ought try it You may like French aviation experimenters heard Wright brothers suc ceeded flying machine its eleva tors front its wings proclaimed canard French word tall tale French believed hoax because such flying machine would have unstable flight indeed Wright brothers 1903 airplane unstable Canard configured airplanes need necessarily unstable cor rect CG location used Some pictures see por tray fact through history aviation canard configured airplanes have considered some have built test flown Only best knowledge has ever put production aeronautical en gineers keep considering canards spite unpopularity have unpopular First let us consider difference tween conventional canard con figured airplane stability con trol point view can best done using several vector diagrams indicate direction strength lift re quired froiv wing other hon Top A real rarity Dick Sarpoluss Unlimited Class RC sailplane Left Framework glider quite conventional design published Flying Models magazine 4 Model Aviation zontal surface whether tail surface canard surface different demands made airplane Remember amount lift required fly ing surface will indicated length lift vector position vector will aerodynamic center pressure surface vector diagram must equilibrium maintain flight condition shown therefore mo ments produced lift two lift ing surfaces must balance about CG location shall examine different possibili ties stable airplane change angle attack greater angle attack angle attack must course variable airplanes controllabe pitch stable conven tional airplane two possibilities shown Fig 1 2 Note weight airplane shown Mg mass X acceleration account g turns pullups etc exists air planes center gravity CG location results neutral stability CG iota aft point airplane unstable handles undesirable fashion model airplanes have met doom maiden flight due disregard lack understanding very real CG limitation Fig 1 shows typical model CG location Fig 2 shows situation aft CG loca tion still far enough forward remain stable will note immediately Fig CG airplane located front center pressure wing downward lift required tail order produce equilibirum Horrors Worse yet obtain greater amounts lift wing must raised higher angle attack increasing already undesirable tail downward lift Swedish Saab SF37 Viggen canard consid- Below Sixty-two years after Wright Brothers ered best jet fighters world historic flight canard North Americans noted its short-field performance XB-70 Valkyrie achieved Mach 3 speed Case Canard CG NET LIFT Mxg FIGURE CONVENTIONAL AIRPLANE WITH TYPICAL CG LOCATION WING LIFT CG NET LIFT Mxg FIGURE IA CONVENTIONAL AIRPLANE WITH TYPICAL CG LOCATION AT INCREASED ANGLE OF ATTACK WING LIFT T CG NET LIFT Mxg FIGURE 2 CONVENTIONAL AIRPLANE WITH AFT CG LOCATION WING LIFT RELATIVE WIND T CG NET LIFT Mxg FIGURE 2A CONVENTIONAL AIRPLANE WITH INCREASED ANGLE OF ATTACK CANARD LIFT RELATIVE WIND TAIL LIFT TAIL LIFT AFT CG LOCATION AT 2 LIFT T CG NET LIFT FIGURE 3 CANARD CONFIGURED AIRPLANE WITH TYPICAL CG t CANARD LIFT addition reducing net lift total airplane remember theres lift theres drag example ac TAIL LIFTtually pay drag penalty generate DOWNWARDdownward lift works against wing Result wing required pro duce lift make up tail down load cost yet drag Would believe model airplanes fly just described will say airplanes quite stable probably handle nicely gusty conditions Fig 2 shows conventional airplane configuration CU location aft TAIL LIFTaerodynamic center pressure DOWNWARDwing forward airplane neutral point symmetric airfoils used wing horizontal stabilizer such situation always possible way competition pattern fliers balance airplanes interest good per formance situation both wing horizontal stabilizer produce up ward lift forces keep airplane equilibrium However investigate what required produce lift find must decrease lift horizontal stabilizer increase lift wing would desirable crease lift surfaces once Let us consider canard configured airplane As saw second case il lustrated Fig 2 wing canard both produce upward lift flight con ditions bonus canard configu ration raise wing higher angle attack hence obtain greater wing lift canard must produce lift Both wing canard working together increase total airplane lift big payoffs canard configuration First greater amount total lift possible exam ples Fig 1 2 Secondly lift canard matched closely lift wing second point provides aerodynamically efficient airplane through wide range angles attack now have elementary understand ing Saab Viggen fighter air plane attains extraordinary short field per formance retaining excellent high speed capabilities ad vantages aerodynamic efficiency too Canard models lend themselves well pusher configurations since center gravity needs pretty far aft nose comparison conventional mod els number reasons pusher configuration efficient conventional tractor arrangement biggest factors high ve locity turbulent propeller wash hind airplane thus allowing air plane fly smoother air Additionally messy oil engine exhaust kept clear airplane some sound logical reasons using canard configured model airplanes jjjIF T CG NET LIFT Mxg FIGURE 3A CANARD CONFIGURED AIRPLANE WITH TYPICAL CG AT INCREASED ANGLE OF ATTACK WING LIFT RELATIVE WIND RELATIVE WIND RELATIVE WIND RELATIVE WIND Left The Zonker 40 RC pattern ship Novice pattern sport flies handles superbly Plans will appear next issue Above De signed aero engineers tall-firmed Zonker dis plays proper configuration Beyond logic makes good sense canards something differ ent something very few modelers have Some people think flying back wards some dont believe can fly Indeed proud moment airplane lined up takeoff front skeptics Gracefully accelerates takes air least magnificent ly other model smoothly turns around comes zooming agilely demonstrating its efficient aerodynamic features dares easily complete several consecutive loops victory roll finally can resist canards cant good must some drawbacks severe drawback probably canards bit trickier design conventional airplanes center gravity location should determined through stability control analysis probability successfully locating satis factory CG position experimentation low enough warrant some analysis lieu ofsomecrashes continued page 82 February 1977 7 Below The word canard derives French description Wright biplane canard false story bit hasty Wrights design success impres sive because canard configuration much harder designwhich would seem ac count modelers reluctance try KINNER SPORTSTER 39 weRgspan 019 power op 3 channels nc great sport trainer 1930s$1295 FAIRCHILD 22 prios 48 Wingsoon________________ announced 09 to25 Power 3 Channel R/C #107 qj see local hobby dealer CL Aerobatics/Paul continued page 34 using playing cards Theres new trick Most us use paper towels etc Sand after first coat 400 paper Before sanding let glue cure overnight about 24 hours Bob said 76 plane put coat Hobbypoxy glue wood plane aged October grain started coming out some places So recommends two coats Put another coat glue allow cure sand again 400 thin Hobbypoxy glue thing Some people have thinned glue result grain filled enough Bob says piece 400 paper can used sand entire plane glue sands very easily After two coats have applied cured sanded ready fillets Bob used Epoxolite No special treatment required just make good fillets Next item spray two coats Aerogloss clear spray gun Obviously means clear has thinned enough get through gun lay pretty thick coat should sufficient Bob stresses use Aero gloss because feels will make best bond Hobbypoxy glue base Now ready Aerogloss clear talc color mixed equal parts Use color other red Red too hard cover color used show what parts have covered much has sanded oH after start sanding process three part mixture has thinned enough sprayed may need up three coats plenty sanding between dont pick up too much weight Next line spray coat Aerogloss clear seal everything spray base coat Sig silver Another trick mix some white paint silver supposed kill grain usually associ ated silver Wet sand after silver has cured least 24 hours AMERICANScesaC3B C L S SIC S worlds finest models Send tree brochure ~*t04 AristocratrRAOODASTPOC UP TO THREE SC WOSPS OHS POWER FAR SIR 55ROSA DOSSTRO UP HO HORDE SORASPAS.ORS COWSSJSALE TRW CLASSIC AIR FAR ROAIA ODETROL op met PuSorARGOT P505 TIE %OLOES ERAII V TEP ELLONCO RVRSDR COO OS VIA DEWED #101SSOS tel 703 2739593 55 WIOGAPUN ADO POWER PAR FLYLINE MODELS 10640 ASHOY FL FAIRFAX VA 22030 Now ready final color coats Bob uses Sig white Genesis rest finish similar other cycle finishing Another trick used some super duper slick finish spe cialists wet sand 600 after about four coats final clear spray about three four coats clear comes final sanding rub bing out information about PAMPA comments contact 1640 Maywick Dr Lexington KY 40504 Canard/Ba i r continued page 7 Canards tend exhibit some nasty stall spin characteristics Stalls spins will encountered normal con trol inputs Another small drawback propeller tail stall turn maneuver required novice pat tern bit difficult because rud der effectiveness near stall speed poor rudder propeller wash little practice however good stall turns have accomplished pusher configuration used must consider small selection pusher propellers available ball-bearing engine required withstand thrust toward crankcase engine Consideration can given engines will run back wards rotating front plate front intake engines through 900 engine run backwards tractor propeller can used factors constitute greatest drawbacks trying canard configura tion Only can determine canard kind thing unusual strange hot performing exciting very fascinating fly watch Man Planes/Hannan continued page 25 nose may carved wood Features such eyes may painted other 3-dimensional details such goggles added desired realistic subject ball used merely armature core support added papier-mache spackle mixture balsa dust glue putty may applied small artist pallet knife screwdriver build up features required relatively rough texture results can quite realistic perhaps smooth ness us associate skin fully dried surface can additionally worked sandpaper files de sired Don Typond actually did lifelike self-portrait method using commercially made pilot head arma ture Subtractive Example Select lightweight block balsa allowing vertical height required finished pilot order provide good handhold dur ing carving Draw front side view proposed figure block using fiber-point pen soft pencil Using coping jig saw cut roughly outline Next draw approximation re maining view block again saw outline Dont take off too much will back additive system again Using sharp modelers knife begin cut away corners using small straightline cuts gradually working down facial shapes Refer constantly il lustrations commercially-made exam ple Rotate block working vari ous sides rather trying finish side time satisfied contours switch files sandiuig sticks finishing touches As men tioned earlier super-smoothness may produce convincing results spinner cowling trying create human head can some instances have almost prune-like wrinkles Which can add character almost automatically think satisfied carving stop Ask someone else think ready painting Likely will suggest some improvements None us particularly enjoys criticism work constructive suggestions useful willing accept need art critic judge fresh viewpoint can immeasurable assistance youd rather listen anyone elses opinion simply put carving away day look carefully yourself betting will see areas can stand improvement Although chose balsa example foam can substituted easier carve may allow such pre cise feature detail unless applied additive method using spackle similar substance 82 Model Aviation ARTICLES WANTED Have design youd like have pub lished topic youd like write about tell editor about idea may worth money
Edition: Model Aviation - 1977/02
Page Numbers: 4, 5, 6, 7, 82
Charles Bair Jr FE FOR iHE G1NkRD Although canardsparticularly pushersare aerodynamically efficient remain mystery model designers CANARDS ARE FUN ask what canard canard configured airplane has pitch control surface front its wing Wright brothers tried it worked Maybe ought try it You may like French aviation experimenters heard Wright brothers suc ceeded flying machine its eleva tors front its wings proclaimed canard French word tall tale French believed hoax because such flying machine would have unstable flight indeed Wright brothers 1903 airplane unstable Canard configured airplanes need necessarily unstable cor rect CG location used Some pictures see por tray fact through history aviation canard configured airplanes have considered some have built test flown Only best knowledge has ever put production aeronautical en gineers keep considering canards spite unpopularity have unpopular First let us consider difference tween conventional canard con figured airplane stability con trol point view can best done using several vector diagrams indicate direction strength lift re quired froiv wing other hon Top A real rarity Dick Sarpoluss Unlimited Class RC sailplane Left Framework glider quite conventional design published Flying Models magazine 4 Model Aviation zontal surface whether tail surface canard surface different demands made airplane Remember amount lift required fly ing surface will indicated length lift vector position vector will aerodynamic center pressure surface vector diagram must equilibrium maintain flight condition shown therefore mo ments produced lift two lift ing surfaces must balance about CG location shall examine different possibili ties stable airplane change angle attack greater angle attack angle attack must course variable airplanes controllabe pitch stable conven tional airplane two possibilities shown Fig 1 2 Note weight airplane shown Mg mass X acceleration account g turns pullups etc exists air planes center gravity CG location results neutral stability CG iota aft point airplane unstable handles undesirable fashion model airplanes have met doom maiden flight due disregard lack understanding very real CG limitation Fig 1 shows typical model CG location Fig 2 shows situation aft CG loca tion still far enough forward remain stable will note immediately Fig CG airplane located front center pressure wing downward lift required tail order produce equilibirum Horrors Worse yet obtain greater amounts lift wing must raised higher angle attack increasing already undesirable tail downward lift Swedish Saab SF37 Viggen canard consid- Below Sixty-two years after Wright Brothers ered best jet fighters world historic flight canard North Americans noted its short-field performance XB-70 Valkyrie achieved Mach 3 speed Case Canard CG NET LIFT Mxg FIGURE CONVENTIONAL AIRPLANE WITH TYPICAL CG LOCATION WING LIFT CG NET LIFT Mxg FIGURE IA CONVENTIONAL AIRPLANE WITH TYPICAL CG LOCATION AT INCREASED ANGLE OF ATTACK WING LIFT T CG NET LIFT Mxg FIGURE 2 CONVENTIONAL AIRPLANE WITH AFT CG LOCATION WING LIFT RELATIVE WIND T CG NET LIFT Mxg FIGURE 2A CONVENTIONAL AIRPLANE WITH INCREASED ANGLE OF ATTACK CANARD LIFT RELATIVE WIND TAIL LIFT TAIL LIFT AFT CG LOCATION AT 2 LIFT T CG NET LIFT FIGURE 3 CANARD CONFIGURED AIRPLANE WITH TYPICAL CG t CANARD LIFT addition reducing net lift total airplane remember theres lift theres drag example ac TAIL LIFTtually pay drag penalty generate DOWNWARDdownward lift works against wing Result wing required pro duce lift make up tail down load cost yet drag Would believe model airplanes fly just described will say airplanes quite stable probably handle nicely gusty conditions Fig 2 shows conventional airplane configuration CU location aft TAIL LIFTaerodynamic center pressure DOWNWARDwing forward airplane neutral point symmetric airfoils used wing horizontal stabilizer such situation always possible way competition pattern fliers balance airplanes interest good per formance situation both wing horizontal stabilizer produce up ward lift forces keep airplane equilibrium However investigate what required produce lift find must decrease lift horizontal stabilizer increase lift wing would desirable crease lift surfaces once Let us consider canard configured airplane As saw second case il lustrated Fig 2 wing canard both produce upward lift flight con ditions bonus canard configu ration raise wing higher angle attack hence obtain greater wing lift canard must produce lift Both wing canard working together increase total airplane lift big payoffs canard configuration First greater amount total lift possible exam ples Fig 1 2 Secondly lift canard matched closely lift wing second point provides aerodynamically efficient airplane through wide range angles attack now have elementary understand ing Saab Viggen fighter air plane attains extraordinary short field per formance retaining excellent high speed capabilities ad vantages aerodynamic efficiency too Canard models lend themselves well pusher configurations since center gravity needs pretty far aft nose comparison conventional mod els number reasons pusher configuration efficient conventional tractor arrangement biggest factors high ve locity turbulent propeller wash hind airplane thus allowing air plane fly smoother air Additionally messy oil engine exhaust kept clear airplane some sound logical reasons using canard configured model airplanes jjjIF T CG NET LIFT Mxg FIGURE 3A CANARD CONFIGURED AIRPLANE WITH TYPICAL CG AT INCREASED ANGLE OF ATTACK WING LIFT RELATIVE WIND RELATIVE WIND RELATIVE WIND RELATIVE WIND Left The Zonker 40 RC pattern ship Novice pattern sport flies handles superbly Plans will appear next issue Above De signed aero engineers tall-firmed Zonker dis plays proper configuration Beyond logic makes good sense canards something differ ent something very few modelers have Some people think flying back wards some dont believe can fly Indeed proud moment airplane lined up takeoff front skeptics Gracefully accelerates takes air least magnificent ly other model smoothly turns around comes zooming agilely demonstrating its efficient aerodynamic features dares easily complete several consecutive loops victory roll finally can resist canards cant good must some drawbacks severe drawback probably canards bit trickier design conventional airplanes center gravity location should determined through stability control analysis probability successfully locating satis factory CG position experimentation low enough warrant some analysis lieu ofsomecrashes continued page 82 February 1977 7 Below The word canard derives French description Wright biplane canard false story bit hasty Wrights design success impres sive because canard configuration much harder designwhich would seem ac count modelers reluctance try KINNER SPORTSTER 39 weRgspan 019 power op 3 channels nc great sport trainer 1930s$1295 FAIRCHILD 22 prios 48 Wingsoon________________ announced 09 to25 Power 3 Channel R/C #107 qj see local hobby dealer CL Aerobatics/Paul continued page 34 using playing cards Theres new trick Most us use paper towels etc Sand after first coat 400 paper Before sanding let glue cure overnight about 24 hours Bob said 76 plane put coat Hobbypoxy glue wood plane aged October grain started coming out some places So recommends two coats Put another coat glue allow cure sand again 400 thin Hobbypoxy glue thing Some people have thinned glue result grain filled enough Bob says piece 400 paper can used sand entire plane glue sands very easily After two coats have applied cured sanded ready fillets Bob used Epoxolite No special treatment required just make good fillets Next item spray two coats Aerogloss clear spray gun Obviously means clear has thinned enough get through gun lay pretty thick coat should sufficient Bob stresses use Aero gloss because feels will make best bond Hobbypoxy glue base Now ready Aerogloss clear talc color mixed equal parts Use color other red Red too hard cover color used show what parts have covered much has sanded oH after start sanding process three part mixture has thinned enough sprayed may need up three coats plenty sanding between dont pick up too much weight Next line spray coat Aerogloss clear seal everything spray base coat Sig silver Another trick mix some white paint silver supposed kill grain usually associ ated silver Wet sand after silver has cured least 24 hours AMERICANScesaC3B C L S SIC S worlds finest models Send tree brochure ~*t04 AristocratrRAOODASTPOC UP TO THREE SC WOSPS OHS POWER FAR SIR 55ROSA DOSSTRO UP HO HORDE SORASPAS.ORS COWSSJSALE TRW CLASSIC AIR FAR ROAIA ODETROL op met PuSorARGOT P505 TIE %OLOES ERAII V TEP ELLONCO RVRSDR COO OS VIA DEWED #101SSOS tel 703 2739593 55 WIOGAPUN ADO POWER PAR FLYLINE MODELS 10640 ASHOY FL FAIRFAX VA 22030 Now ready final color coats Bob uses Sig white Genesis rest finish similar other cycle finishing Another trick used some super duper slick finish spe cialists wet sand 600 after about four coats final clear spray about three four coats clear comes final sanding rub bing out information about PAMPA comments contact 1640 Maywick Dr Lexington KY 40504 Canard/Ba i r continued page 7 Canards tend exhibit some nasty stall spin characteristics Stalls spins will encountered normal con trol inputs Another small drawback propeller tail stall turn maneuver required novice pat tern bit difficult because rud der effectiveness near stall speed poor rudder propeller wash little practice however good stall turns have accomplished pusher configuration used must consider small selection pusher propellers available ball-bearing engine required withstand thrust toward crankcase engine Consideration can given engines will run back wards rotating front plate front intake engines through 900 engine run backwards tractor propeller can used factors constitute greatest drawbacks trying canard configura tion Only can determine canard kind thing unusual strange hot performing exciting very fascinating fly watch Man Planes/Hannan continued page 25 nose may carved wood Features such eyes may painted other 3-dimensional details such goggles added desired realistic subject ball used merely armature core support added papier-mache spackle mixture balsa dust glue putty may applied small artist pallet knife screwdriver build up features required relatively rough texture results can quite realistic perhaps smooth ness us associate skin fully dried surface can additionally worked sandpaper files de sired Don Typond actually did lifelike self-portrait method using commercially made pilot head arma ture Subtractive Example Select lightweight block balsa allowing vertical height required finished pilot order provide good handhold dur ing carving Draw front side view proposed figure block using fiber-point pen soft pencil Using coping jig saw cut roughly outline Next draw approximation re maining view block again saw outline Dont take off too much will back additive system again Using sharp modelers knife begin cut away corners using small straightline cuts gradually working down facial shapes Refer constantly il lustrations commercially-made exam ple Rotate block working vari ous sides rather trying finish side time satisfied contours switch files sandiuig sticks finishing touches As men tioned earlier super-smoothness may produce convincing results spinner cowling trying create human head can some instances have almost prune-like wrinkles Which can add character almost automatically think satisfied carving stop Ask someone else think ready painting Likely will suggest some improvements None us particularly enjoys criticism work constructive suggestions useful willing accept need art critic judge fresh viewpoint can immeasurable assistance youd rather listen anyone elses opinion simply put carving away day look carefully yourself betting will see areas can stand improvement Although chose balsa example foam can substituted easier carve may allow such pre cise feature detail unless applied additive method using spackle similar substance 82 Model Aviation ARTICLES WANTED Have design youd like have pub lished topic youd like write about tell editor about idea may worth money
Edition: Model Aviation - 1977/02
Page Numbers: 4, 5, 6, 7, 82
Charles Bair Jr FE FOR iHE G1NkRD Although canardsparticularly pushersare aerodynamically efficient remain mystery model designers CANARDS ARE FUN ask what canard canard configured airplane has pitch control surface front its wing Wright brothers tried it worked Maybe ought try it You may like French aviation experimenters heard Wright brothers suc ceeded flying machine its eleva tors front its wings proclaimed canard French word tall tale French believed hoax because such flying machine would have unstable flight indeed Wright brothers 1903 airplane unstable Canard configured airplanes need necessarily unstable cor rect CG location used Some pictures see por tray fact through history aviation canard configured airplanes have considered some have built test flown Only best knowledge has ever put production aeronautical en gineers keep considering canards spite unpopularity have unpopular First let us consider difference tween conventional canard con figured airplane stability con trol point view can best done using several vector diagrams indicate direction strength lift re quired froiv wing other hon Top A real rarity Dick Sarpoluss Unlimited Class RC sailplane Left Framework glider quite conventional design published Flying Models magazine 4 Model Aviation zontal surface whether tail surface canard surface different demands made airplane Remember amount lift required fly ing surface will indicated length lift vector position vector will aerodynamic center pressure surface vector diagram must equilibrium maintain flight condition shown therefore mo ments produced lift two lift ing surfaces must balance about CG location shall examine different possibili ties stable airplane change angle attack greater angle attack angle attack must course variable airplanes controllabe pitch stable conven tional airplane two possibilities shown Fig 1 2 Note weight airplane shown Mg mass X acceleration account g turns pullups etc exists air planes center gravity CG location results neutral stability CG iota aft point airplane unstable handles undesirable fashion model airplanes have met doom maiden flight due disregard lack understanding very real CG limitation Fig 1 shows typical model CG location Fig 2 shows situation aft CG loca tion still far enough forward remain stable will note immediately Fig CG airplane located front center pressure wing downward lift required tail order produce equilibirum Horrors Worse yet obtain greater amounts lift wing must raised higher angle attack increasing already undesirable tail downward lift Swedish Saab SF37 Viggen canard consid- Below Sixty-two years after Wright Brothers ered best jet fighters world historic flight canard North Americans noted its short-field performance XB-70 Valkyrie achieved Mach 3 speed Case Canard CG NET LIFT Mxg FIGURE CONVENTIONAL AIRPLANE WITH TYPICAL CG LOCATION WING LIFT CG NET LIFT Mxg FIGURE IA CONVENTIONAL AIRPLANE WITH TYPICAL CG LOCATION AT INCREASED ANGLE OF ATTACK WING LIFT T CG NET LIFT Mxg FIGURE 2 CONVENTIONAL AIRPLANE WITH AFT CG LOCATION WING LIFT RELATIVE WIND T CG NET LIFT Mxg FIGURE 2A CONVENTIONAL AIRPLANE WITH INCREASED ANGLE OF ATTACK CANARD LIFT RELATIVE WIND TAIL LIFT TAIL LIFT AFT CG LOCATION AT 2 LIFT T CG NET LIFT FIGURE 3 CANARD CONFIGURED AIRPLANE WITH TYPICAL CG t CANARD LIFT addition reducing net lift total airplane remember theres lift theres drag example ac TAIL LIFTtually pay drag penalty generate DOWNWARDdownward lift works against wing Result wing required pro duce lift make up tail down load cost yet drag Would believe model airplanes fly just described will say airplanes quite stable probably handle nicely gusty conditions Fig 2 shows conventional airplane configuration CU location aft TAIL LIFTaerodynamic center pressure DOWNWARDwing forward airplane neutral point symmetric airfoils used wing horizontal stabilizer such situation always possible way competition pattern fliers balance airplanes interest good per formance situation both wing horizontal stabilizer produce up ward lift forces keep airplane equilibrium However investigate what required produce lift find must decrease lift horizontal stabilizer increase lift wing would desirable crease lift surfaces once Let us consider canard configured airplane As saw second case il lustrated Fig 2 wing canard both produce upward lift flight con ditions bonus canard configu ration raise wing higher angle attack hence obtain greater wing lift canard must produce lift Both wing canard working together increase total airplane lift big payoffs canard configuration First greater amount total lift possible exam ples Fig 1 2 Secondly lift canard matched closely lift wing second point provides aerodynamically efficient airplane through wide range angles attack now have elementary understand ing Saab Viggen fighter air plane attains extraordinary short field per formance retaining excellent high speed capabilities ad vantages aerodynamic efficiency too Canard models lend themselves well pusher configurations since center gravity needs pretty far aft nose comparison conventional mod els number reasons pusher configuration efficient conventional tractor arrangement biggest factors high ve locity turbulent propeller wash hind airplane thus allowing air plane fly smoother air Additionally messy oil engine exhaust kept clear airplane some sound logical reasons using canard configured model airplanes jjjIF T CG NET LIFT Mxg FIGURE 3A CANARD CONFIGURED AIRPLANE WITH TYPICAL CG AT INCREASED ANGLE OF ATTACK WING LIFT RELATIVE WIND RELATIVE WIND RELATIVE WIND RELATIVE WIND Left The Zonker 40 RC pattern ship Novice pattern sport flies handles superbly Plans will appear next issue Above De signed aero engineers tall-firmed Zonker dis plays proper configuration Beyond logic makes good sense canards something differ ent something very few modelers have Some people think flying back wards some dont believe can fly Indeed proud moment airplane lined up takeoff front skeptics Gracefully accelerates takes air least magnificent ly other model smoothly turns around comes zooming agilely demonstrating its efficient aerodynamic features dares easily complete several consecutive loops victory roll finally can resist canards cant good must some drawbacks severe drawback probably canards bit trickier design conventional airplanes center gravity location should determined through stability control analysis probability successfully locating satis factory CG position experimentation low enough warrant some analysis lieu ofsomecrashes continued page 82 February 1977 7 Below The word canard derives French description Wright biplane canard false story bit hasty Wrights design success impres sive because canard configuration much harder designwhich would seem ac count modelers reluctance try KINNER SPORTSTER 39 weRgspan 019 power op 3 channels nc great sport trainer 1930s$1295 FAIRCHILD 22 prios 48 Wingsoon________________ announced 09 to25 Power 3 Channel R/C #107 qj see local hobby dealer CL Aerobatics/Paul continued page 34 using playing cards Theres new trick Most us use paper towels etc Sand after first coat 400 paper Before sanding let glue cure overnight about 24 hours Bob said 76 plane put coat Hobbypoxy glue wood plane aged October grain started coming out some places So recommends two coats Put another coat glue allow cure sand again 400 thin Hobbypoxy glue thing Some people have thinned glue result grain filled enough Bob says piece 400 paper can used sand entire plane glue sands very easily After two coats have applied cured sanded ready fillets Bob used Epoxolite No special treatment required just make good fillets Next item spray two coats Aerogloss clear spray gun Obviously means clear has thinned enough get through gun lay pretty thick coat should sufficient Bob stresses use Aero gloss because feels will make best bond Hobbypoxy glue base Now ready Aerogloss clear talc color mixed equal parts Use color other red Red too hard cover color used show what parts have covered much has sanded oH after start sanding process three part mixture has thinned enough sprayed may need up three coats plenty sanding between dont pick up too much weight Next line spray coat Aerogloss clear seal everything spray base coat Sig silver Another trick mix some white paint silver supposed kill grain usually associ ated silver Wet sand after silver has cured least 24 hours AMERICANScesaC3B C L S SIC S worlds finest models Send tree brochure ~*t04 AristocratrRAOODASTPOC UP TO THREE SC WOSPS OHS POWER FAR SIR 55ROSA DOSSTRO UP HO HORDE SORASPAS.ORS COWSSJSALE TRW CLASSIC AIR FAR ROAIA ODETROL op met PuSorARGOT P505 TIE %OLOES ERAII V TEP ELLONCO RVRSDR COO OS VIA DEWED #101SSOS tel 703 2739593 55 WIOGAPUN ADO POWER PAR FLYLINE MODELS 10640 ASHOY FL FAIRFAX VA 22030 Now ready final color coats Bob uses Sig white Genesis rest finish similar other cycle finishing Another trick used some super duper slick finish spe cialists wet sand 600 after about four coats final clear spray about three four coats clear comes final sanding rub bing out information about PAMPA comments contact 1640 Maywick Dr Lexington KY 40504 Canard/Ba i r continued page 7 Canards tend exhibit some nasty stall spin characteristics Stalls spins will encountered normal con trol inputs Another small drawback propeller tail stall turn maneuver required novice pat tern bit difficult because rud der effectiveness near stall speed poor rudder propeller wash little practice however good stall turns have accomplished pusher configuration used must consider small selection pusher propellers available ball-bearing engine required withstand thrust toward crankcase engine Consideration can given engines will run back wards rotating front plate front intake engines through 900 engine run backwards tractor propeller can used factors constitute greatest drawbacks trying canard configura tion Only can determine canard kind thing unusual strange hot performing exciting very fascinating fly watch Man Planes/Hannan continued page 25 nose may carved wood Features such eyes may painted other 3-dimensional details such goggles added desired realistic subject ball used merely armature core support added papier-mache spackle mixture balsa dust glue putty may applied small artist pallet knife screwdriver build up features required relatively rough texture results can quite realistic perhaps smooth ness us associate skin fully dried surface can additionally worked sandpaper files de sired Don Typond actually did lifelike self-portrait method using commercially made pilot head arma ture Subtractive Example Select lightweight block balsa allowing vertical height required finished pilot order provide good handhold dur ing carving Draw front side view proposed figure block using fiber-point pen soft pencil Using coping jig saw cut roughly outline Next draw approximation re maining view block again saw outline Dont take off too much will back additive system again Using sharp modelers knife begin cut away corners using small straightline cuts gradually working down facial shapes Refer constantly il lustrations commercially-made exam ple Rotate block working vari ous sides rather trying finish side time satisfied contours switch files sandiuig sticks finishing touches As men tioned earlier super-smoothness may produce convincing results spinner cowling trying create human head can some instances have almost prune-like wrinkles Which can add character almost automatically think satisfied carving stop Ask someone else think ready painting Likely will suggest some improvements None us particularly enjoys criticism work constructive suggestions useful willing accept need art critic judge fresh viewpoint can immeasurable assistance youd rather listen anyone elses opinion simply put carving away day look carefully yourself betting will see areas can stand improvement Although chose balsa example foam can substituted easier carve may allow such pre cise feature detail unless applied additive method using spackle similar substance 82 Model Aviation ARTICLES WANTED Have design youd like have pub lished topic youd like write about tell editor about idea may worth money