IEE 1 -t m bert Hoff YOU MIGHT ASK flap about batteries charge batteries overnight before fly havent problems might forget plug charger might functioning might wait few days after charging fly battery might have deteriorated did get full charge Any can cause battery failure during use proper battery management can prevent Batteries running down during flight probably common cause crashes following pilot error bad news batteries wear out due chemical action wear accelerated overcharging charging extreme temperatures good news onset battery failure can usually detected battery can replaced before causing inflight catastrophe Battery Management ensure enough charge left another flight periodically test before during flying session Conduct periodic cycling selfleakage testing record results detect signs deterioration before failure Avoid deteriorating effects over-charging using safe charging method understand Ni-Cd batteries needs understand characteristic discharge curve discharge curve Figure 1 has same shape Ni-Cd cell assembly cells battery discharged constant current voltage time scales depend cell capacity size discharge current cell internal resistance cell temperature curve Figure 1 four-cell battery 650 mAh capacity cells discharged 200 mA rate room temperature 200 mA current drain chosen because what ESV expanded-scale voltmeter draws Such meters typically draw between 200 300 mA curve eight-cell transmitter battery made up same kind cells would look same except voltage scale would multiplied two important modelers note voltage drops rapidly beginning stays relatively flat remaining life drops rapidly near end life voltage 11 volts per cell widely considered end cell discharge life fact measured capacity 646 mAh very close rated capacity 650 fortuitous Cells usually rated minimum capacity frequently measure Preflight voltage measurement ESV done estimate battery voltage discharge curve tested under load simulates inflight average load batterys capacity like average inflight current drain close 200 mA can use Figure 1 voltage measurement estimate remaining flying time matter chance load applied ESV equals average current drawn model Measuring voltage given time decide whether make another flight could result either optimistic pessimistic decision depending close measurements way get feel models current drain matches ESV drain perform following experiment Charge battery least 14 hours Go field same day fly least 45 minutes Keep track total flight time measure battery voltage ESV immediately after last flight flJ Percent 7 80% -77 voltage60% 7 57 40% 7 20% End Life A 'U -4 45 101001000 Figure 2 December1994 117 DISCHARGE CHARACTERISTIC CURVE Four-Cell AA Battery 200 mA Load 6w a 3 0 C z w 0 w 45-_____ 0306090120ISO180 TIME-MINUTES SELF-DISCHARGE CHARACTERISTIC Four-Cell AA NiCd Battery C- 0 C- _______ H 0 jooco TIME-HOURS Figure 1 GEITO1I RIC Products Inc SOFT-N-SAFE ENGINE MOUNTS 5$ Soft Mount using special serrated Iso-Damp Grommets Engine always safely retained Very effective vibration reduction dramatic decrease engine shake Light machined aluminum beam mounts 60 2-strokes 1 20 4-strokes available Also available aluminum radial mount 60 2-strokes Soft-N-Safe 120 beam mount complete . $3495 Soft-N-Safe 60 beam mount complete 95 SoftN-Safe 60 radial mount complete 95 Soft-N-Safe Replacement Iso-Damp Grommets Pkg 4 60$295 Pkg 4 120$595 RADIAL ISO-MOUNTS Conventional backplate type mount using four Lord-Type 60-Duro IsoMounts Optimized lowest vibration transmission airframe reduced engine shake 4 Radial Iso-mount complete $1495 Iso-Mounts Package 4 $995 5/8 diameter x 112 long 8-32 female end 8-32 x 1/2 male other end 60-Duro rubber st Fuselage jg er Provides solid support accurate building Rugged 7-ply aircraft plywood construction Two sizes available Regular tor tuse up 6-1/4 wide Jumbo fuse up 9-1/4 wide Use building board base mount Uni-Strut Guide Rails versatile set-up Contains hardware & instructions including Uni-Strut information Box 4 Standard Jig Stations $2195 Box 4 Jumbo Jig Stations 2395 2 Five Ft Guide Rails & Mounting Nuts . $2295 GLASS CLOTH 7 oz/Sq Yard est Filling est Weave Lightest Finished Weight Includes Detailed Instructions Big 3 Square Yard Pkg $895 R/C Products Inc 3713 Pompano Drive Pensacola FL 32514 904/494-0203 904/494-0207 VISA/MasterCard Welcomed $400 per item S&H esidents add 6% Tax return shop connect 200 mA ESV battery measure time takes voltage drop 44 volts time end life time measure capacity remaining battery time stopped flying model draws average about 200 mA time measured should close time Figure 1 corresponds voltage measured end last flight subtracting total life battery example last flight voltage 47 Figure 1 shows 28 minutes battery life remains 1943-1663 no allowance error time end life after flying session greater 28 minutes model draws less average 200 mAh can use Figure 1 estimate remaining flight time confidence time end life measured after last flight much less 28 minutes model draws 200 mA must rely too much estimate remaining battery life case might prudent thing stop flying voltage reaches 47 ESV draws current other 200 mA can run own curve similar Figure 1 proceed estimating process just described Battery cycling determines whether battery capacity mAh substantially same new erases voltage depression memory sometimes called Put constant-current load battery measure long voltage fully-charged battery takes go down 11 volts per cell time measured hours multiplied current drain mA during cycling gives capacity mAh 20% reduction capacity time 11 volts per cell value battery new signal should retired non-critical duty fortunate onset battery failure usually signaled gradual reduction capacity rather sudden failure has noted cycling battery several times will sometimes restore some its capacity means some aspect deterioration has temporarily reversed battery has fixed dont feel good about keeping such battery service others may disagree Testing battery self-leakage important Self-leakage property battery causes slowly discharge sitting shelf no load S elfleakage increases elevated temperatures decreases low temperatures have seen batteries show high self-leakage having normal capacity during cycling experiments show normal AA four-cell battery self-discharges room temperature according curve Figure 2 Measurements made ESV applied 200 mA load extrapolate curve shorter longer times Calculations can made curve show battery will lose 9% its initial capacity 24 hours 24% its capacity eight days So battery has charged left standing week should definitely check ESV before flying Batteries greater lesser capacity probably have similar self-discharge curve have run tests confirm safe assume battery checks out normal capacity after cycling will have normal self-discharge During cycling capacity measured immediately after charging results affected very little self-discharge Measurements self-leakage require ESV Charge battery after letting sit no load 24 hours measure voltage new battery should have less 1275 volts per cell does may have abnormal self-leakage should especially diligent about testing battery voltage ESV before fly Recording results during cycling self-leakage measurements essential good battery management following BEFORE YOU SELECT YOUR NEXT AIRCRAFT ITEM. CHECK YOUR RAM v MARATM Miniature Aviation Reference Annual has taken challenge constructing whai far uomolete product service reference publication miniature aviation community isnt catalog no distracting advertisements Thousands items hundreds manufacturers large small categorized supply sources Custom services also listed goal list eierv miniature fixed-wing aircraft product service has reliable supply source US small cottage producers marketing giants descrip tions illustrations feasible articles directed towards leadership miniature aviation extensive heli section 1995 MARATM publication will help make hundreds hours fruitful 10% profits MARATM will sponsor competition youth awareness miniature aviation order send $2895 plus TNI $300 shipping & handling per order MARA PUBLICATIONS / SUITE #1 / 4009 VENTNOR AVE / ATLANTIC CITY NJ 08401 NJ orders add 6% Tax call order @ 609823-0184 118 Model Aviation l AAF IIA TATIONS procedures recommended Prepare logbook page batteries Give new battery serial number mark battery date purchased Charge cycle new battery three times record discharge time end third cycle Batteries have shelf some time will always show full capacity until have cycled several times time recorded baseline later measurements Cycle battery beginning flying season very least its good idea repeat cycling couple times during season recommend cycling three months considerable disagreement often cycle Follow advice own guru cycler manufacturer Determine self-leak characteristic new battery measuring recording its voltage after has charged allowed sit unloaded 24 hours Repeat measurement time cycle 24-hour voltage measured begins drop battery ages discard measured voltage per cell drops 025 volt below value new Charging overcharging important way maximize life batteries standard cells type furnished radios buy charging should done standard rate C/b C capacity battery mAh rate provided wall chargers C/l0 rate means 600 mAb AA cell should charged 60 mA fully discharged battery made up standard cells should charged 12 16 hours after voltage measured ESV should range 1325 1375 volts per cellindicating full charge Charging longer will no immediate harm undesirable because long-term effects charge new battery note voltage end 16 hours Use value measure soon disconnect charger full-charge target voltage subsequent charging rapid charge approximately C/33 will recharge standard-cell battery four five hours adverse short-term effects case important voltage monitored prevent overcharge unless have charger can detect unique voltage temperature changes occur full charge stop charging full charge reached Because long-term effects rapid charge should used routinely getting enough life standard-cell battery best option use battery larger-capacity cells fast charge rate C 15 hours should used batteries comprised standard cells Such charge rate may safely used batteries designed purpose Transmitter Batteries battery management have given attention airborne battery two reasons First always accessible measurement cycling connecting charging jack Batteries transmitters cannot measured cycled removing transmitter Second transmitters have meters give some indication battery condition look meter part pre-takeoff check procedure pretty much know battery condition start flight have pre takeoff check procedure dont Since meter does tell transmitter battery still has satisfactory capacity self-leakage characteristic important remove cycle give self-leakage test least beginning flying season bottom line may sound little complicated could save model Think checking fuel gauge see have enough gas trip calculating miles per gallon check car running normally RIC ACCESSORIES FLY TO HITEC RCD FOR ALL YOUR ACCESSORY NEEDS 6 Y harness 7351# 6 Buffered Y harness 7354# LIZ1 12 Aileron Extension 7345# 24 Aileron Extension 7346# 6 Buffered Servo Coan 7356# LZLI 9 Male Servo Coan 7342# 9 Female shown 7343# Switch Harness w/Battery & Clip 72 15# Please specify connector type ordering Part # followed Airt J Fut S Hitec/RCD & JR ALSO AVAILABLE 50 ft Bulk Servo Wire 3001 Rubber Ducky Antenna 1125 Flight Preserver w/Velcro 8480 hitoc RCD 10729 Wheatlands Ave #C Santee CA 9207 1-2883 619 258-4940 December1994 119 2 order call Eric Sanders @513-299-7684 5pm-1 1pm EST 3904 Traine Dr Kettering OH 45429 ad ot coirate wanes nroauced ConwuFoul program aIloS Outputs DXF tile importable CAD programol windowing intei... . oemplates sets ribs built up wings Add building jig boles Prints full set elliptical planform rios utes transitional airfoil- eves different root tip airfoils Add washout template building jig holes 0 Calculates panel volume & surface area weight estimations Pop-up Feather/Cut Itmi calculator S Two hi-res template preview modes plus browse mode ts spar slots Cowpare airfoils overlays-zoom/panscreen/print orts dot matris aud laser let posters updates Modify airfoils chaoging camber thicknessmirroring combining tops bottoms different airfoils • Plus much much morelNo other template plotting program can match CompuFoil versatility end features compuFoil Pro vl91-$65 Demo diok-$5 NACA airfoil generator-$18 185 atifotl library $13 5&H add $3 Fur 2ee-s setter wNOA vidna COA vesrer uvailubie upen etuest II 101 001/12 0/0620-r/ 031 Cr Id Used NASA universities major model mfgs hobbyists world wide . .
Edition: Model Aviation - 1994/12
Page Numbers: 117, 118, 119
IEE 1 -t m bert Hoff YOU MIGHT ASK flap about batteries charge batteries overnight before fly havent problems might forget plug charger might functioning might wait few days after charging fly battery might have deteriorated did get full charge Any can cause battery failure during use proper battery management can prevent Batteries running down during flight probably common cause crashes following pilot error bad news batteries wear out due chemical action wear accelerated overcharging charging extreme temperatures good news onset battery failure can usually detected battery can replaced before causing inflight catastrophe Battery Management ensure enough charge left another flight periodically test before during flying session Conduct periodic cycling selfleakage testing record results detect signs deterioration before failure Avoid deteriorating effects over-charging using safe charging method understand Ni-Cd batteries needs understand characteristic discharge curve discharge curve Figure 1 has same shape Ni-Cd cell assembly cells battery discharged constant current voltage time scales depend cell capacity size discharge current cell internal resistance cell temperature curve Figure 1 four-cell battery 650 mAh capacity cells discharged 200 mA rate room temperature 200 mA current drain chosen because what ESV expanded-scale voltmeter draws Such meters typically draw between 200 300 mA curve eight-cell transmitter battery made up same kind cells would look same except voltage scale would multiplied two important modelers note voltage drops rapidly beginning stays relatively flat remaining life drops rapidly near end life voltage 11 volts per cell widely considered end cell discharge life fact measured capacity 646 mAh very close rated capacity 650 fortuitous Cells usually rated minimum capacity frequently measure Preflight voltage measurement ESV done estimate battery voltage discharge curve tested under load simulates inflight average load batterys capacity like average inflight current drain close 200 mA can use Figure 1 voltage measurement estimate remaining flying time matter chance load applied ESV equals average current drawn model Measuring voltage given time decide whether make another flight could result either optimistic pessimistic decision depending close measurements way get feel models current drain matches ESV drain perform following experiment Charge battery least 14 hours Go field same day fly least 45 minutes Keep track total flight time measure battery voltage ESV immediately after last flight flJ Percent 7 80% -77 voltage60% 7 57 40% 7 20% End Life A 'U -4 45 101001000 Figure 2 December1994 117 DISCHARGE CHARACTERISTIC CURVE Four-Cell AA Battery 200 mA Load 6w a 3 0 C z w 0 w 45-_____ 0306090120ISO180 TIME-MINUTES SELF-DISCHARGE CHARACTERISTIC Four-Cell AA NiCd Battery C- 0 C- _______ H 0 jooco TIME-HOURS Figure 1 GEITO1I RIC Products Inc SOFT-N-SAFE ENGINE MOUNTS 5$ Soft Mount using special serrated Iso-Damp Grommets Engine always safely retained Very effective vibration reduction dramatic decrease engine shake Light machined aluminum beam mounts 60 2-strokes 1 20 4-strokes available Also available aluminum radial mount 60 2-strokes Soft-N-Safe 120 beam mount complete . $3495 Soft-N-Safe 60 beam mount complete 95 SoftN-Safe 60 radial mount complete 95 Soft-N-Safe Replacement Iso-Damp Grommets Pkg 4 60$295 Pkg 4 120$595 RADIAL ISO-MOUNTS Conventional backplate type mount using four Lord-Type 60-Duro IsoMounts Optimized lowest vibration transmission airframe reduced engine shake 4 Radial Iso-mount complete $1495 Iso-Mounts Package 4 $995 5/8 diameter x 112 long 8-32 female end 8-32 x 1/2 male other end 60-Duro rubber st Fuselage jg er Provides solid support accurate building Rugged 7-ply aircraft plywood construction Two sizes available Regular tor tuse up 6-1/4 wide Jumbo fuse up 9-1/4 wide Use building board base mount Uni-Strut Guide Rails versatile set-up Contains hardware & instructions including Uni-Strut information Box 4 Standard Jig Stations $2195 Box 4 Jumbo Jig Stations 2395 2 Five Ft Guide Rails & Mounting Nuts . $2295 GLASS CLOTH 7 oz/Sq Yard est Filling est Weave Lightest Finished Weight Includes Detailed Instructions Big 3 Square Yard Pkg $895 R/C Products Inc 3713 Pompano Drive Pensacola FL 32514 904/494-0203 904/494-0207 VISA/MasterCard Welcomed $400 per item S&H esidents add 6% Tax return shop connect 200 mA ESV battery measure time takes voltage drop 44 volts time end life time measure capacity remaining battery time stopped flying model draws average about 200 mA time measured should close time Figure 1 corresponds voltage measured end last flight subtracting total life battery example last flight voltage 47 Figure 1 shows 28 minutes battery life remains 1943-1663 no allowance error time end life after flying session greater 28 minutes model draws less average 200 mAh can use Figure 1 estimate remaining flight time confidence time end life measured after last flight much less 28 minutes model draws 200 mA must rely too much estimate remaining battery life case might prudent thing stop flying voltage reaches 47 ESV draws current other 200 mA can run own curve similar Figure 1 proceed estimating process just described Battery cycling determines whether battery capacity mAh substantially same new erases voltage depression memory sometimes called Put constant-current load battery measure long voltage fully-charged battery takes go down 11 volts per cell time measured hours multiplied current drain mA during cycling gives capacity mAh 20% reduction capacity time 11 volts per cell value battery new signal should retired non-critical duty fortunate onset battery failure usually signaled gradual reduction capacity rather sudden failure has noted cycling battery several times will sometimes restore some its capacity means some aspect deterioration has temporarily reversed battery has fixed dont feel good about keeping such battery service others may disagree Testing battery self-leakage important Self-leakage property battery causes slowly discharge sitting shelf no load S elfleakage increases elevated temperatures decreases low temperatures have seen batteries show high self-leakage having normal capacity during cycling experiments show normal AA four-cell battery self-discharges room temperature according curve Figure 2 Measurements made ESV applied 200 mA load extrapolate curve shorter longer times Calculations can made curve show battery will lose 9% its initial capacity 24 hours 24% its capacity eight days So battery has charged left standing week should definitely check ESV before flying Batteries greater lesser capacity probably have similar self-discharge curve have run tests confirm safe assume battery checks out normal capacity after cycling will have normal self-discharge During cycling capacity measured immediately after charging results affected very little self-discharge Measurements self-leakage require ESV Charge battery after letting sit no load 24 hours measure voltage new battery should have less 1275 volts per cell does may have abnormal self-leakage should especially diligent about testing battery voltage ESV before fly Recording results during cycling self-leakage measurements essential good battery management following BEFORE YOU SELECT YOUR NEXT AIRCRAFT ITEM. CHECK YOUR RAM v MARATM Miniature Aviation Reference Annual has taken challenge constructing whai far uomolete product service reference publication miniature aviation community isnt catalog no distracting advertisements Thousands items hundreds manufacturers large small categorized supply sources Custom services also listed goal list eierv miniature fixed-wing aircraft product service has reliable supply source US small cottage producers marketing giants descrip tions illustrations feasible articles directed towards leadership miniature aviation extensive heli section 1995 MARATM publication will help make hundreds hours fruitful 10% profits MARATM will sponsor competition youth awareness miniature aviation order send $2895 plus TNI $300 shipping & handling per order MARA PUBLICATIONS / SUITE #1 / 4009 VENTNOR AVE / ATLANTIC CITY NJ 08401 NJ orders add 6% Tax call order @ 609823-0184 118 Model Aviation l AAF IIA TATIONS procedures recommended Prepare logbook page batteries Give new battery serial number mark battery date purchased Charge cycle new battery three times record discharge time end third cycle Batteries have shelf some time will always show full capacity until have cycled several times time recorded baseline later measurements Cycle battery beginning flying season very least its good idea repeat cycling couple times during season recommend cycling three months considerable disagreement often cycle Follow advice own guru cycler manufacturer Determine self-leak characteristic new battery measuring recording its voltage after has charged allowed sit unloaded 24 hours Repeat measurement time cycle 24-hour voltage measured begins drop battery ages discard measured voltage per cell drops 025 volt below value new Charging overcharging important way maximize life batteries standard cells type furnished radios buy charging should done standard rate C/b C capacity battery mAh rate provided wall chargers C/l0 rate means 600 mAb AA cell should charged 60 mA fully discharged battery made up standard cells should charged 12 16 hours after voltage measured ESV should range 1325 1375 volts per cellindicating full charge Charging longer will no immediate harm undesirable because long-term effects charge new battery note voltage end 16 hours Use value measure soon disconnect charger full-charge target voltage subsequent charging rapid charge approximately C/33 will recharge standard-cell battery four five hours adverse short-term effects case important voltage monitored prevent overcharge unless have charger can detect unique voltage temperature changes occur full charge stop charging full charge reached Because long-term effects rapid charge should used routinely getting enough life standard-cell battery best option use battery larger-capacity cells fast charge rate C 15 hours should used batteries comprised standard cells Such charge rate may safely used batteries designed purpose Transmitter Batteries battery management have given attention airborne battery two reasons First always accessible measurement cycling connecting charging jack Batteries transmitters cannot measured cycled removing transmitter Second transmitters have meters give some indication battery condition look meter part pre-takeoff check procedure pretty much know battery condition start flight have pre takeoff check procedure dont Since meter does tell transmitter battery still has satisfactory capacity self-leakage characteristic important remove cycle give self-leakage test least beginning flying season bottom line may sound little complicated could save model Think checking fuel gauge see have enough gas trip calculating miles per gallon check car running normally RIC ACCESSORIES FLY TO HITEC RCD FOR ALL YOUR ACCESSORY NEEDS 6 Y harness 7351# 6 Buffered Y harness 7354# LIZ1 12 Aileron Extension 7345# 24 Aileron Extension 7346# 6 Buffered Servo Coan 7356# LZLI 9 Male Servo Coan 7342# 9 Female shown 7343# Switch Harness w/Battery & Clip 72 15# Please specify connector type ordering Part # followed Airt J Fut S Hitec/RCD & JR ALSO AVAILABLE 50 ft Bulk Servo Wire 3001 Rubber Ducky Antenna 1125 Flight Preserver w/Velcro 8480 hitoc RCD 10729 Wheatlands Ave #C Santee CA 9207 1-2883 619 258-4940 December1994 119 2 order call Eric Sanders @513-299-7684 5pm-1 1pm EST 3904 Traine Dr Kettering OH 45429 ad ot coirate wanes nroauced ConwuFoul program aIloS Outputs DXF tile importable CAD programol windowing intei... . oemplates sets ribs built up wings Add building jig boles Prints full set elliptical planform rios utes transitional airfoil- eves different root tip airfoils Add washout template building jig holes 0 Calculates panel volume & surface area weight estimations Pop-up Feather/Cut Itmi calculator S Two hi-res template preview modes plus browse mode ts spar slots Cowpare airfoils overlays-zoom/panscreen/print orts dot matris aud laser let posters updates Modify airfoils chaoging camber thicknessmirroring combining tops bottoms different airfoils • Plus much much morelNo other template plotting program can match CompuFoil versatility end features compuFoil Pro vl91-$65 Demo diok-$5 NACA airfoil generator-$18 185 atifotl library $13 5&H add $3 Fur 2ee-s setter wNOA vidna COA vesrer uvailubie upen etuest II 101 001/12 0/0620-r/ 031 Cr Id Used NASA universities major model mfgs hobbyists world wide . .
Edition: Model Aviation - 1994/12
Page Numbers: 117, 118, 119
IEE 1 -t m bert Hoff YOU MIGHT ASK flap about batteries charge batteries overnight before fly havent problems might forget plug charger might functioning might wait few days after charging fly battery might have deteriorated did get full charge Any can cause battery failure during use proper battery management can prevent Batteries running down during flight probably common cause crashes following pilot error bad news batteries wear out due chemical action wear accelerated overcharging charging extreme temperatures good news onset battery failure can usually detected battery can replaced before causing inflight catastrophe Battery Management ensure enough charge left another flight periodically test before during flying session Conduct periodic cycling selfleakage testing record results detect signs deterioration before failure Avoid deteriorating effects over-charging using safe charging method understand Ni-Cd batteries needs understand characteristic discharge curve discharge curve Figure 1 has same shape Ni-Cd cell assembly cells battery discharged constant current voltage time scales depend cell capacity size discharge current cell internal resistance cell temperature curve Figure 1 four-cell battery 650 mAh capacity cells discharged 200 mA rate room temperature 200 mA current drain chosen because what ESV expanded-scale voltmeter draws Such meters typically draw between 200 300 mA curve eight-cell transmitter battery made up same kind cells would look same except voltage scale would multiplied two important modelers note voltage drops rapidly beginning stays relatively flat remaining life drops rapidly near end life voltage 11 volts per cell widely considered end cell discharge life fact measured capacity 646 mAh very close rated capacity 650 fortuitous Cells usually rated minimum capacity frequently measure Preflight voltage measurement ESV done estimate battery voltage discharge curve tested under load simulates inflight average load batterys capacity like average inflight current drain close 200 mA can use Figure 1 voltage measurement estimate remaining flying time matter chance load applied ESV equals average current drawn model Measuring voltage given time decide whether make another flight could result either optimistic pessimistic decision depending close measurements way get feel models current drain matches ESV drain perform following experiment Charge battery least 14 hours Go field same day fly least 45 minutes Keep track total flight time measure battery voltage ESV immediately after last flight flJ Percent 7 80% -77 voltage60% 7 57 40% 7 20% End Life A 'U -4 45 101001000 Figure 2 December1994 117 DISCHARGE CHARACTERISTIC CURVE Four-Cell AA Battery 200 mA Load 6w a 3 0 C z w 0 w 45-_____ 0306090120ISO180 TIME-MINUTES SELF-DISCHARGE CHARACTERISTIC Four-Cell AA NiCd Battery C- 0 C- _______ H 0 jooco TIME-HOURS Figure 1 GEITO1I RIC Products Inc SOFT-N-SAFE ENGINE MOUNTS 5$ Soft Mount using special serrated Iso-Damp Grommets Engine always safely retained Very effective vibration reduction dramatic decrease engine shake Light machined aluminum beam mounts 60 2-strokes 1 20 4-strokes available Also available aluminum radial mount 60 2-strokes Soft-N-Safe 120 beam mount complete . $3495 Soft-N-Safe 60 beam mount complete 95 SoftN-Safe 60 radial mount complete 95 Soft-N-Safe Replacement Iso-Damp Grommets Pkg 4 60$295 Pkg 4 120$595 RADIAL ISO-MOUNTS Conventional backplate type mount using four Lord-Type 60-Duro IsoMounts Optimized lowest vibration transmission airframe reduced engine shake 4 Radial Iso-mount complete $1495 Iso-Mounts Package 4 $995 5/8 diameter x 112 long 8-32 female end 8-32 x 1/2 male other end 60-Duro rubber st Fuselage jg er Provides solid support accurate building Rugged 7-ply aircraft plywood construction Two sizes available Regular tor tuse up 6-1/4 wide Jumbo fuse up 9-1/4 wide Use building board base mount Uni-Strut Guide Rails versatile set-up Contains hardware & instructions including Uni-Strut information Box 4 Standard Jig Stations $2195 Box 4 Jumbo Jig Stations 2395 2 Five Ft Guide Rails & Mounting Nuts . $2295 GLASS CLOTH 7 oz/Sq Yard est Filling est Weave Lightest Finished Weight Includes Detailed Instructions Big 3 Square Yard Pkg $895 R/C Products Inc 3713 Pompano Drive Pensacola FL 32514 904/494-0203 904/494-0207 VISA/MasterCard Welcomed $400 per item S&H esidents add 6% Tax return shop connect 200 mA ESV battery measure time takes voltage drop 44 volts time end life time measure capacity remaining battery time stopped flying model draws average about 200 mA time measured should close time Figure 1 corresponds voltage measured end last flight subtracting total life battery example last flight voltage 47 Figure 1 shows 28 minutes battery life remains 1943-1663 no allowance error time end life after flying session greater 28 minutes model draws less average 200 mAh can use Figure 1 estimate remaining flight time confidence time end life measured after last flight much less 28 minutes model draws 200 mA must rely too much estimate remaining battery life case might prudent thing stop flying voltage reaches 47 ESV draws current other 200 mA can run own curve similar Figure 1 proceed estimating process just described Battery cycling determines whether battery capacity mAh substantially same new erases voltage depression memory sometimes called Put constant-current load battery measure long voltage fully-charged battery takes go down 11 volts per cell time measured hours multiplied current drain mA during cycling gives capacity mAh 20% reduction capacity time 11 volts per cell value battery new signal should retired non-critical duty fortunate onset battery failure usually signaled gradual reduction capacity rather sudden failure has noted cycling battery several times will sometimes restore some its capacity means some aspect deterioration has temporarily reversed battery has fixed dont feel good about keeping such battery service others may disagree Testing battery self-leakage important Self-leakage property battery causes slowly discharge sitting shelf no load S elfleakage increases elevated temperatures decreases low temperatures have seen batteries show high self-leakage having normal capacity during cycling experiments show normal AA four-cell battery self-discharges room temperature according curve Figure 2 Measurements made ESV applied 200 mA load extrapolate curve shorter longer times Calculations can made curve show battery will lose 9% its initial capacity 24 hours 24% its capacity eight days So battery has charged left standing week should definitely check ESV before flying Batteries greater lesser capacity probably have similar self-discharge curve have run tests confirm safe assume battery checks out normal capacity after cycling will have normal self-discharge During cycling capacity measured immediately after charging results affected very little self-discharge Measurements self-leakage require ESV Charge battery after letting sit no load 24 hours measure voltage new battery should have less 1275 volts per cell does may have abnormal self-leakage should especially diligent about testing battery voltage ESV before fly Recording results during cycling self-leakage measurements essential good battery management following BEFORE YOU SELECT YOUR NEXT AIRCRAFT ITEM. CHECK YOUR RAM v MARATM Miniature Aviation Reference Annual has taken challenge constructing whai far uomolete product service reference publication miniature aviation community isnt catalog no distracting advertisements Thousands items hundreds manufacturers large small categorized supply sources Custom services also listed goal list eierv miniature fixed-wing aircraft product service has reliable supply source US small cottage producers marketing giants descrip tions illustrations feasible articles directed towards leadership miniature aviation extensive heli section 1995 MARATM publication will help make hundreds hours fruitful 10% profits MARATM will sponsor competition youth awareness miniature aviation order send $2895 plus TNI $300 shipping & handling per order MARA PUBLICATIONS / SUITE #1 / 4009 VENTNOR AVE / ATLANTIC CITY NJ 08401 NJ orders add 6% Tax call order @ 609823-0184 118 Model Aviation l AAF IIA TATIONS procedures recommended Prepare logbook page batteries Give new battery serial number mark battery date purchased Charge cycle new battery three times record discharge time end third cycle Batteries have shelf some time will always show full capacity until have cycled several times time recorded baseline later measurements Cycle battery beginning flying season very least its good idea repeat cycling couple times during season recommend cycling three months considerable disagreement often cycle Follow advice own guru cycler manufacturer Determine self-leak characteristic new battery measuring recording its voltage after has charged allowed sit unloaded 24 hours Repeat measurement time cycle 24-hour voltage measured begins drop battery ages discard measured voltage per cell drops 025 volt below value new Charging overcharging important way maximize life batteries standard cells type furnished radios buy charging should done standard rate C/b C capacity battery mAh rate provided wall chargers C/l0 rate means 600 mAb AA cell should charged 60 mA fully discharged battery made up standard cells should charged 12 16 hours after voltage measured ESV should range 1325 1375 volts per cellindicating full charge Charging longer will no immediate harm undesirable because long-term effects charge new battery note voltage end 16 hours Use value measure soon disconnect charger full-charge target voltage subsequent charging rapid charge approximately C/33 will recharge standard-cell battery four five hours adverse short-term effects case important voltage monitored prevent overcharge unless have charger can detect unique voltage temperature changes occur full charge stop charging full charge reached Because long-term effects rapid charge should used routinely getting enough life standard-cell battery best option use battery larger-capacity cells fast charge rate C 15 hours should used batteries comprised standard cells Such charge rate may safely used batteries designed purpose Transmitter Batteries battery management have given attention airborne battery two reasons First always accessible measurement cycling connecting charging jack Batteries transmitters cannot measured cycled removing transmitter Second transmitters have meters give some indication battery condition look meter part pre-takeoff check procedure pretty much know battery condition start flight have pre takeoff check procedure dont Since meter does tell transmitter battery still has satisfactory capacity self-leakage characteristic important remove cycle give self-leakage test least beginning flying season bottom line may sound little complicated could save model Think checking fuel gauge see have enough gas trip calculating miles per gallon check car running normally RIC ACCESSORIES FLY TO HITEC RCD FOR ALL YOUR ACCESSORY NEEDS 6 Y harness 7351# 6 Buffered Y harness 7354# LIZ1 12 Aileron Extension 7345# 24 Aileron Extension 7346# 6 Buffered Servo Coan 7356# LZLI 9 Male Servo Coan 7342# 9 Female shown 7343# Switch Harness w/Battery & Clip 72 15# Please specify connector type ordering Part # followed Airt J Fut S Hitec/RCD & JR ALSO AVAILABLE 50 ft Bulk Servo Wire 3001 Rubber Ducky Antenna 1125 Flight Preserver w/Velcro 8480 hitoc RCD 10729 Wheatlands Ave #C Santee CA 9207 1-2883 619 258-4940 December1994 119 2 order call Eric Sanders @513-299-7684 5pm-1 1pm EST 3904 Traine Dr Kettering OH 45429 ad ot coirate wanes nroauced ConwuFoul program aIloS Outputs DXF tile importable CAD programol windowing intei... . oemplates sets ribs built up wings Add building jig boles Prints full set elliptical planform rios utes transitional airfoil- eves different root tip airfoils Add washout template building jig holes 0 Calculates panel volume & surface area weight estimations Pop-up Feather/Cut Itmi calculator S Two hi-res template preview modes plus browse mode ts spar slots Cowpare airfoils overlays-zoom/panscreen/print orts dot matris aud laser let posters updates Modify airfoils chaoging camber thicknessmirroring combining tops bottoms different airfoils • Plus much much morelNo other template plotting program can match CompuFoil versatility end features compuFoil Pro vl91-$65 Demo diok-$5 NACA airfoil generator-$18 185 atifotl library $13 5&H add $3 Fur 2ee-s setter wNOA vidna COA vesrer uvailubie upen etuest II 101 001/12 0/0620-r/ 031 Cr Id Used NASA universities major model mfgs hobbyists world wide . .