today early French pioneer flying models opened doors both modeling full-size aviation story still makes fascinating reading today U Bill Hannan THE STORY Charles Alphonse Pnaud pronounced pay-know early pioneer model airplanes deserves better known fact 19th-century Frenchman may have influential modeler time Born 1850 Paris Nnaud expected carry family tradition career maritime service However complications severe hip injury rendered him phys ically unfit naval service Obliged walk crutches young age plagued discomfort short life Mild modest nature Pnaud also something wunderkind quisitive Leonardo da Vinci inter ests included bird flight balloons ballistics mathematics meteorology high-speed pho tography hydrodynamics rocketry aero dynamics much Ualike theoreticians Alphonse ability re duce complex abstract ideas simple terms demonstrate practical hardware 1876 Pnaud partner Paul Gauchot designed patented innova tive full-size aircraft flying wing also featured such astonishingly advanced con cepts retractable landing gear enclosed cockpit extensive instrumentation automatic pilot Pnaud made frequent use models aerodynamic experiments conclu sively proved low-risk low-cost ad vantages So successful models fact Pnaud rather resented some contemporaries un able equal results Although experimented kites well model Helicopters Ornithop drawing executed Bill Noonan de picts Charles Alphonse P6naud launching rubber-powered models called planophore hip injury youth incapacitated him short life ters discussion will concentrate nauds model airplanes called planophores Unfortunately brilliant Frenchman never able gain financial support encouragement carry out ideas vital inventor frustration compounded failing health drove Pnaud deep depression 1880 30 years age ended own life depriving aeronautical world its talented experiment ers Tragic Alphonse Pnauds 7 Penaud Plan op hores August 1990 63 Silk covered wire rotors Bow string power Al V V V V V V 4 IP6nauds own sketch L AERONAUTE Jan 1 1872 P6naud Helicopter 1870 Commercial lv reproduced Antoin Breguet pilnes Bird Gliders MODELES DAEROPLANES 1910 Reproductions early Helicopter bird glider drawings Including three P6naud-deslgned Helicopters Produced between 1870 1874 Helicopters achieved some success flight durations up 26 seconds some hovering ability became quite popular time several variations commercially manufactured toys Wright brothers came possess lifework aviation least lost original concepts designs influ ence beyond generation surviving achievements other pathbreakers inspired Among scions P& nauds aeronautical genius two young fellows named Wilbur Orville Wright Penauds experiments model aviation wide-ranging addition cate gory models named plano phores young Frenchman designed flew Ornithopters Helicopters Al though have unable locate illus trations Nnaud also flew kites would welcome assistance readers may know existence illus trations Pnauds kites liest aeronautical experiments Historical ac counts suggest first constructed re constructed model Helicopter yin tage Launoy Bienvenu type de vice employed bow-and-string arrange ment power contrarotating silk-covered wire rotors Its duration extremely brief performance impressive era Though Englishman Sir George Cayley produced similar model fea turing bird feather rotors 1795 Nnaud didnt learn about until years after own experiments Other experimenters tried clockspring-powered Helicopters disap pointing results machines .par took character aerial som mersault true flight no sooner commenced ascend spring run down screws stopped After investigating existing con cepts Pdnaud conceived single farreaching idea wound rubber motor Its important note made no claim having invented rubber powerand correct ly Indian rubber caoutchouc French employed flying models Pierre Jullien 1858 proposed Sir George Cayley earlier However mechanisms depended upon rubber 64 Model Aviation Launoy 8 lenvenue Helicopter 1784 Pnaud Helicopter 18701874 Helicopters among Nnauds earThe Bill Hannan planophore full flight model built 1978 motivated contest pusher-type models prewar design certainly qualified prewari C 11 AB 3 H 33view drawings P4naud letter T J Bennett December 3 1874 CD -I P6nauds own QH cr6B 2view LAERONAUTE January 1 1872 IINAa N FLIGHT May 27 1911 0 Harold Beer sketch AEROMODEL NG Ray Malmstrom 1961 DE LAERONAUTIQUE Dol Ifus Bouche 1942 Source unknown based upon LA NATURE engraving / 41 Could4 function PROGRESS IN FLYING MACHINES Octave Chanute 1894 AEROMODELES J Gulllemard 1961 Optical illusion August 1990 65 Albert TissandierLA NATURE engraving Aerornodelling AERONAUTICS 'N N K N Model Aviation -- n David Jr FLYING ACES 1942 9 Drawing based upon Smithsonian Institution Planophore type otograph found Langleys workshop Paul GaroerNote similarities during 1920sNo 11 Langley Aerodrome MECHANIX LLUSTRATED Reproduced LA NAVIGATION AERIENNE JLecornu 1903Original Source unknown Reproduced BRIEF HISTORY OF FLYING C H GibbsSmith 1967 U TABLEAU DAVIATION EDieuaide 1880 Also AIRCRAFT 1913 VOLKSBUCHER DER TECHNIK FLUGZEUGE CIRCA 1913 LANGLEY MEMOIR ON MECHANICAL FLIGHT Langley Manley SmIthsonian InstItutIon 1911 CMODEL AVIATION Langleys No 11 \ K CLURES MAGAZINE S P Langley article June 1897 drawings represent some research conducted Samuel Pierpont Langley thIrd secretary Smithsonian Institution rubber-powered flight met limited success several nearly 40 models built closely resembled P6nauds designs C H [I 0 Aerodrome Bill Hannan strip stretched lengthwise tension around revolving spool spindle capable storing tremendous power method offered brief duration ex erted considerable strain machinery consequently needed strong heavy contrast Pnauds innovation em ployed rubber strands torsion twisted allowing simpler lighter airframes ex tended duration Although moderate performance todays standards Pnauds little Helicop ters sensational 1870 yielding flight durations 15 26 seconds demonstrating some hovering ability Delighted audiences applauded clever models soon adapted com mercial manufacture playthings widely marketed Among eventu ally received such flying toy young Wilbur Orville Wright pianophores Alphonse turned attention fixed-wing flight tunate knowing Joseph M Pline skilled design tiny paper oi seaus birds papillons butterflies Pline painstakingly determined princi ples balance incidence dihedral gles providing automatic equilibrium essential Free Flight models combining improved variations Plines self-stabilizing features own rubber-in-torsion motors Pnaud created series simple model airplane designs called planophores experimented contrarotating pro pellers minimize torque influences soon discovered much easier ways achieving similar results Simply adding small amount ballast models wing tip and/or setting wing panel slightly greater incidence angle other worked effectively counteracting torque Pnaud also tried tractor front mounted propellers though favored single pusher propeller protection event collisions Although Pnaud tested multiple blades preferred two-bladed arrangements simplicity damage resistance since could lie flat during landing didnt want complicate models increase weight landing gear educational entertainment value Pnauds models resoundingly prov en during 1871 outdoor public demon strations Paris famous Gardens Tuiler ies inside beautiful Horticultural Hall demonstrations brought much favorable publicity both planophores creator Although planophores constructed P6naud associates various forms different styles diverse re sults successful fliers seem have spanned 18 24 18-inspan example about 4-in wing root chord 20-in-long fuselage stick 8in-dia propeller blades generally made paper sometimes bird feathers front rear motor hooks steel wire wings constructed bird feather quills pinned together covered goldbeaters skin Dihedral either shallow V form achieved simply curving wing tips gracefully upward wing assembly could slid along fuselage stick adjust balance inci dence angles individual wing panels could altered similarly constructed horizontal tail also adjustable inci dence its tips could raised added stability Some planophores equipped vertical tailplane Pnaud likened steering function provided ships rudder tailplane rarely ever shown early illustrations Wait Mooney launching Bill Hannans pianophore Fiightmasters West indoor contest Wait proxy-flew Bills pianophore officially clocked 58-second flight model weighs 16 grams about equal P6naud original its built basswood tissue covered August 1990 67 beautifully executed display model photographed Frank Scott P6naud planophore built Christy Magrath dedicated talented model builders modern times donated US Air Force Museum Wright-Patterson AFB Dayton OH late Charles Dollfus renowned exhausted French aviation historian noted de- Total weight 18-in-span plano scription Pdnauds planophores phore 16 grams little under could add vertical rudder seems imply provided optional accessory An account Progress Flying Machines Octave Cha nut confirms assumption least case Pdnauds Garden Tuileries demon strator Chanute tells us ided hor izontally small vertical rudder shown figure flew several times circle falling gently ground near its starting point power rubber thirdfive gramssupplied rubber motor Flight durations ranging 11 13 seconds documented dis tances 130 200 feet Considering year 1871 thats bad Illustrations planophores aviation tory books commonplace theyre seldom examined carefully Though first glance may seem look alike have encountered amazing variety such illustrations course re search article arranged gether differences among ob vious partial explanation after variety planophore config urations built Individual interpretations different artists probably added varia tion still oldest published planophore draw ings aware appeared January 1 1872 issue lAeronaute Drawn Pnaud himself sketches obviously freehand simplified intended provide readers general idea rather convey technical accu racy example top view omits wing stabilizer ribs well vertical tail although Nnaud specifically mentions latter written description addi tion side view proportions dont ex actly correspond top view again criticism can leveled modem three-view drawings Possibly earliest artistic planophore il lustration published la Nature April 17 1875 engraving credited two artists Albert Tissandier second name illegible Two different plan ophores depicted first seen di rect top view features gracefully curved trailing edges inner wing roots other model shown distorted perspec tive heavily scalloped trailing edges straight wing roots background engraving muddy de leted later copies greater clarity would seem majority subse quent planophore drawings simplified rehashes 1875 engraving vari ety subtle subtle changes made copying process probably reflected individual artists talent lack thereofl well degree tech nical orientation Note instance propeller hooks missing some illustrations Latter-day planophores Interest P& nauds fascinating flying machines has con tinued present reproductions Pnaud Planophores have built some actual flying others mu seum displays conversation pieces Lets take look some models people have helped sustain interest unique airplanes Aerodromes Samuel Pierpont Langley third secretary Smithsonian Insti tution accomplished scientist astronomer became interested aerial nav igation about 1886 During 1887 six years after Pnauds death Langley em barked upon study free-flying mod els collectively termed aero dromes did initially know Pd nauds planophore designs clearly docu mented Langley Memoir Mechan ical Flight device attracted little no tice unfamiliar beContinued page 190 68 Model Aviation half-size display planophore photographed Frank Pierce also built Christy Magrath Bill Winter former editor Model Aviation magazineThe model has nine-inch wingspan wooden fuselage stick twisted metal strips simuiste rubber motor Available black red white sizes 1$325 2375 21/4425 2V2475 Spinners new Master Airscrew spinner series features aluminum backplate true running cones made engineering grade nylon strength resist starter burn spinners easily mounted two screws custom fit Master Airscrew propellers black red white See Hobby Dealer MASTER AIRSCREW propellers accessories WINDSOR PROPELLER CO 3219 Monier Circle Rancho Cordova CA 95742 Embry-omatic/De Loach Continued page 186 dope applied Once tissue properly shrunk warps removed surfaces can doped 50/50 mixture dope thinner well plasticized castor oil TCP tri-creosol phosphate four drops per ounce dope/thinner Assembly Glue %2 balsa shim under wing leading edge correct incidence shown plan Youll notice wing rubberbanded #10 rubberbands place rather glued may glue prefer popoff wing surely does help inevitable rough landings DT dethermalizer also optional al though strongly recommend installing Dont let models small size its Embryo status fool underestimating its perform ance potentialand consequent need dether malizer Like gutsy flier model will fol low wherever good thermal leadsin other words 005 out-of-sight Another reason dethermalizer enables adjust decalage small shims under trailing edge stabilizer rest case Before rigging stabilizer fuselage rudders subrudder youre building must glued place Embellishing model wheel pants make sure wheels rotate freely inside cock pit details windscreen headrest exhaust pipes made aluminum tubing CyAd place greatly improves appearance ex haust pipes shown plans exact placement unimportant As described ear lier detailing model will also earn bonus points Bend shaft seven-inch Peck gray plastic prop using reverse S-hook made /32 music wire Flying Its best start motor youll probably end up Use 25-in loop %-in rubber noted plan model built light should have motor should give excellent results Install motor balance model CG center-of-gravity location marked plan Add clay nose until balance achieved Test glide model over soft grass during calm early morning evening Adjust sta bilizer shims until airplane settles nsce floating glide Induce gentle right left glide turn adjusting rudder accordingly well wind about hundred turns first powered flight Gradually work way up more turns mak ing adjustments necessary Youll probably have put little downthrust did power builds up Also youll need shim little right left thrust model will circle un der power Try both right left thrust will work better other model haves differently Once again try everything see what works best model excitement really begins once model balanced trimmed flying correctly Now its time see just Embry-omatically airplane performsand believe perform word new FAI Model Supply tan rubber Im able crank 2500 turns yielding motor run easily minute half kind power dont forget light DT fuse Any questions about Embry-omatic may addressed author 3428 Bryn Mawr Dal las TX 75225 Suppliers Peck-Polymers PO Box 2498 La Mesa CA 92041 tissue props glue Old Timer Model Supply PO Box 7334 Van Nuys CA 91409 tissue wood wire props Champion Model Products 880 Carmen Court La Verne CA 91750 wood tissue DT fuse thodonix bands rubber lube FAI Model Supply PO Box 3957 Torrance CA 90510 rubber Bob Wilder 2010 Boston Irving TX 75061 201 winder Join NFFS today Penaud/Hannan Continued page 68 gan own first constructions Alleghany 1887 Langley did learn Pnaud 1872 1 Aeronaure article adopted Pnaud concepts some own aerodrome models Langleys planophore-type designs identi fled Aerodrome No 11 illustrated both drawing photograph Memoir Curiously Langley seems have employec twisted rubber power earliest models Perhaps may have learned some Francois Dandrieux butterflies widely marketed early 1879 would poetic justice indeed since butter flies commercial adaptations P6nauds Helicopters Two examples Dandricux models Smithsonian collection years Might Langley have brought Although constructed nearly 40 rubberpowered models before 1893 experimented wide variety configurations Langley achieved limited success can share frustration recalled wings general flat some cases curved rubber usually wound about 100 turns trou ble continually arose its kinldng une qual unwinding often caused erratic flights Langley also encountered frequent breakages After reading Pnauds 13-second duration planophore flight candidly wrote have never obtained good result rubber motor added longest flights obtainable did exceed six eight sec onds time nor 80 100 feet distance brief owing spas modic action rubber other causes ir regular extremely difficult obtain imperfect results actually de duced what would certainly appear have retrogressive move Langley turned during 1895 models powered rubber tension surprisingly gave poor results com plex weighty mechanisms models still exist Smithsonian collection Langley also considered rejected power plants employing gunpowder hot water com pressed air electricity carbon dioxide before achieving some success steam fi nally gasoline 1896 steam-powered Aero drome identified No 5 suggests revised numbering system unrelated rubber-driven model series Langley planophore type During 1920s Paul Garber now historian emeritus Ramsey Fellow National Air Space Museum touring Langleys long-dormant shop building Smithsonian Institution Among paraphernalia old model planophore configuration Garber asked es BLIILD*CD*MODELS* am sOll making wsId famous histonic inc modet plans aailable Foim 1/32 5/C C/L F/F ubben stetjo Ill tlnem anymt,e145t plans Real choiCe items Ask old time model 0500 ohotolanhle youaelt long, send Si * fo te CleoolandSesignd piotoojal catalog booklet bannially illustated pioe list St Foeign odd St Al MaiL Non I, Sam day seeioe hOot no dealoo enteR museums [Edund 7 Panku,d4ticlicn Bnl -innd CLEVELAND MODEL & SUPPLY 7B Dotnoit Cloteland OH 44102V-* TOURNAMENT CHAMPIONS Finals Las Vegas NVNov 9-11 Special Discounted Airfare Call Irene Gerny CONTEMPORARY TRAVEL 800-3360033 Outside NYS 516-360-3663 NYS 190 Model Aviation Leader Small Airfoil Technology ort Mr Cole its origin Cole didnt know Ut SUrmiSed Langley might have obtained uring visits France Langleys own account Langley ifemoir Mechanical Flight can establish unaware planophores until least 887 some seven years after Pnauds death hat rules out possibility bought aodel Pnaud himself some have sug ested know however Langley rought back internal combustion engine aris 1900s years after rubber owered model experiments Its plausible ie might have purchased unidentified model t same time Another possibility model may have een Langleys own similar Aerodrome No 1 long series tested letter written author May 16 1988 Paul Garber com nented detail may determine whether ts original Pnaud copy made Lang ey member crewhe about half lozen expert craftsmen working himis its ongitudinal tubular metal Pnaud nay well have chosen material want say ts original Pnaud cant authenticate t Among people worked Langley luring 1895 Augustus Moore Herring mown have successfully designed flown ubber-powered models early 1893 Might e have fabricated planophore type Although itrong personality differences prevented two nen working together harmony Herring s said have designed built steam engines Ahich powered two Langleys aerodrome mod ls information tantalizing subject nay eventually surface Whatever origin Smithsonian planophore type its fascinat ing artifact photos have widely published Ehe Christy Magrath planophores dedicated talented model builders modern times Christy Magrath Christy per sonally examined Smithsonian planophore type documented drawings de scriptions Inked Walt Schroder illus Irations published article entitled After Alphonse May 1955 Model 4irplane News According Magrath model has bamboo surface members covered rice taper horizontal tail features wire mci lence adjustment device seen other pIano thore illustrations also has triangular verti al tail wing has no ribs distinctive onfiguration bent wood propeller notation drawing states Purchased y Dr S P Langley Paris 1871 ourse odds Langleys own record Memoir Magrath must have un tware discrepancy same page Model Airplane News irticle sketches traditional pIano hore making comparisons exceptionally easy Christy also constructed number pIano hore reproductions some flown ne display models donated Air orce Museum Dayton OH Another half-size lanophore presented former Model Air lane News Model Aviation editor Bill Winter kindly supplied photo raph Del Gattos planophores Also featured 4ay 1955 Model Airplane News article Paul E Del Gatto featured construction Irawings two planophores 1871 con riguration second employing modern techContinued page 192 U U I U U U U I I I I I I U U U U U U U U U U I I I U U U U I I I I I I I I BIG GLOW FUEL MANUFACTURED WITH THE PUREST FINEST QUALITY INGREDIENTS AVAILABLE * Superior Igniters Improve starting idle acceleration Youll notice power bargain fuels * 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soeth 4814 wing spas 0 lbs oh SIC odble [sodlog Gear OCDF2ggg 1 soale44 length 3210 span lb. mIx fEC 3-t oh IlIC g end AK-720 toss ecDF-tesggg One-Third Scale Piper TH-Pacer PA-22 2386 C25-2556 fr 1/3 Scale Piper Cub 1-3 ~7tIS wIng opso e gO leogob 5C302engines f2ggt Quarter Scale WWI SE-5A egr -- wing span 2220 sq wing area 70 22 engines RCQS7 6 SPAD C-XIII Ye span 21 20 sq wing area1 31031 engines Capable flyer captures inragination RCOS-h 6 FOKKER DR-i TRIPLANE 72 wing opax e 1772 sq ix wing area 70 100 engines RCOS-0 6 SOPWITH CAMEL F1 84 wing span- 2150 sq wiog ares e 11 ho wix RIC usood Ir baiss consouchon ocar 65 sq ft drawings RCOS-tl 6 Quarter Scale WWI Fokker D-VIINew 2 Hg uvingpon 2220 vs WiOo OrOO 00 2h cid nvginn oh bs hCOS h 5 Foil contilever wings no flying wirool Removal ongine unit Shocb mounted landing gear Oalnatplyorood fuselage built-op bloss wing Sill Effinger Founding Mnerber AMA NFFS Hell Fames Fri von aro fur vomyinte plons nub asnonrOly ft dotailod yarru juts PLEASE ADD 0208 for shippino Iweilins tuhel Now 1980 P100 Solo broohurO 0150 Iretundoblo yr Irrot urderli WE TECHNICAL SERVICES Ro 1 Box 2900 Santa Rosa Beach FL 32459 niques materials vintage version rubber winder-woundr exceeded 45 Seconds durationr updated pIano phore achieved 80-second flights indoors Reg Parhams planophore 1964 English man Reg Parham constructed planophore type model aviation history demonstrations model features bamboo flight surfaces flat-plate airfoils shellacked silk covering motor stick spruce propeller blades turkey tail feathers Weighing same Pnauds original model has achieved outdoor flights 40-second duration Bill Hannans planophore own reproduc tion constructed during 1978 inspired Southern California Antique Model Plane Soci ety SCAMPS contest pusher models pre war design Certainly Pnauds planophore quali fies score Balsa seemed contrary spirit historical modeling model constructed primarily basswood ever Japanese tissue employed covering since neighborhood hobby shop fresh out goldbeaters skin finished product weighed 16 grams approximately equal Pnauds planophores small effort involved construction amply rewarded enthusiastic comments fellow competi tors also helped adjust model also its garnering third-place trophy satisfy curiosity planophore also flown few times its vertical tail yes did fly however much greater care launching required During Flightmasters West Indoor contest model proxy flown Curtiss Walt Mooney officially timed flight 58 sec onds especially satisfying since P& naud himself sent planophore England during 1874 flown friend Thomas J Bennett Truly history does repeat itself name Charles Alphonse Penaud has forgorten does remarkable con tribution model aeronautics live pages history books street 20th district native city also bears name Addition ally FAI committee international aero modeling presents award Pnauds honor diploma originally proposed Hans J Meier Germany presented outstanding na tional international modelers characteristic modestyand little poetryPnaud prophesied planophore III II ASSES Washable Rugged Cap Sunglasses Flip Up/Down Adjust In/Out Snap On/Off Imprints Available IUltra Violet ProtectedI IPlease send _____________ caps Ive enclosedI I@ $795 plus $2 shipping handlingI ILens Colors 0 Amber El Smoke blueI Cap Colors El Black El White El Yellow El Green El Navy blue El Royal blue aroon []Grey ElRedI II El Please send information about imprinting lPLtA5t PRINT INumeI AddressI 1CityI StutnZip ________ RETURN WITH CHECK OR MONEY ORDER ONLY TO PIN-NIK SALES PO Box 647 RavenBa OH 44256 L 192 Model Aviation demonstrates possibilities stable equilib rium heart air promise grea machines considerable swiftness coule see life heart air today References research life work Alphonse Pnaud has long ongoing study Numer ous books periodicals have consulted yielded fragmentary informa tion useful references Alphonse Pnaud Aeroplane Automoteur lAeronaute Jan 1872 T J Bennett Notes France EleventA Annual Report Aeronautical Society oj Great Britain 1876 Octave Chanut Progress Flying Machine3 1894 Paul E Del Gatto Pgnauds Planophore Model Airplane News May 1955 Charles Dollfus Alphonse P6naud Icare Re vue de Aviation Francais No 38 1966 B far single comprehensive work available Continued page 194 ~~1~~I 209 645 5535 GOLDEN GATE HOBBIES PO BOX 27001 FRESNO CAUFORNIA 93729 M/C OR COD HA TORI TETTRA DIQICON IMMSK HATORI BLUEPRINT SHOWS ALL EXHAUST ITEMS FULL SIZE 2FT X 4FT $ 5 WE WANT NEW DEALERS I! HATORI 650 LONG PIPE $4350 TO DEALERS CATALOG $ 200 OR FREE Th ORDERS CHECK EM BOTH OUT NEW STARHAWK BIPLANE NEW MISS STARHAWK POSTER See your Starhawk Dealer tar details write Thorpe Engineering Corporation 1715 E Fairfield Mesa AZ 85203 Poster $500 P&H Prepaid 1300 A/C BUMP NEW 12113 FT LONG OUTSTANDING CONTROL MORE POWER KIT $3500O NEW GENESIS RIC FLY/IC WI/IC CL/MR 59 INCH WINWPAN EANI LAUNCH CUW SOAR TART KIT 2-3CM iUNTO FLY RUBBER POWER KITS-SUPPLIE PEANUT SCALE ANDREASONPIPER CUB MUSTANG ZERO PIETENPOL LACY GIPSY MOTHCOUGER RUBBER SPORT FLVING ACE MOTH *996 BOSTONIAN PUP *695 PRAIRIE BIRD 16 *896 ROG 1ST MODEL 8205 NOSE BEARINGS BRASS WASHERS PROPS 4TO 9 RUBBER TAN DUMMY CYL CLEAR VINTAGE WHEELS 300 PLANS TISSUEMANY MORE KITS COS ENGINES HUNGERFORD SILK L SPOKED WHEELS COMPLETE CATALOG $200 Penaud/Hannan Continued page 192 about Pnaud accomplishments S P Langley Experiments Small Mod els Langley Memoir Mechanical Flight Part 11911 S P Langley Flying Machine McClures Magazine June 1897 Article re printed Last Can Fly George Hardie Jr md] Christy Magrath After Alphonse Model Airplane News May 1955 Robert B Meyer Jr Langleys Model Aero En gine 1903 1976 Volume compiled Rob ert B Meyer Jr Nigel Mills Pnaud World War Aero April 1983 Reg Parham Indoor Vintage SAM 35 Year book Dec 1982 Pearl Young Alphonse Penauds Letters Aeronautics 1968 addition made use dozens letters historians enthusiasts patiently assisted encouraged research efforts Grateful thanks G James Alaback John J Brown L M Conover Paul E Garber Eugene Husting Herbert Kelley L S McCready Richard Mil ler Curtiss Walt Mooney Leonard Op dycke Richard Padgham Hewitt Viola Phil lips Bertram Pond Dick Seely Tom Schmitt Bill Warner Herbert K Weiss William Winter USA Assistance England supplied late C H Gibbs-Smith via Leonard Opdycke Ken McDonough J Bagley Peter Mann via Philip Jarrett also furnished additional material Pnauds own homeland France special appreciation George Chau let J F Frugoli Alain Parmentier anyone has overlooked sincere apologies Toledo/Berman Continued page 80 crutches Nothing much assured Just skiing accident Certainly wish Ivans recovery AMAs crew Toledo deserves mention setting up platoon leader Bob Underwood seen toting crates cases considered too heavy him handle Bob familiar readers magazine AMAs technical director former St Louis schoolteacher explained present job administrator refers specific technical problems qualified experts available added has fellows phone numbers good will superbusy spot show transmit ter checking station $10000 instrument called spectrum analyzer draws graph transmitters behavior grid su perimposed graph tells technician transmitter rated gold silver k Dave Hilsenhoff Warren Plohr Larry Dungan members AMA Fre quency Committee faithfully manned post three fellows have probably forgotten ever knew about mysterious world waves No female Navy personseven though Dave Larry received electronics degrees serving Un cle Sams boys girls blue Another matured whiz kid ran ledo Texan Bob Elliot Bob E E K Logitrol former RC radio manufacturer invented transistorized three-wire servo made possible truly proportional sets take granted today Also Bobs THE SUPERIOR GLOW PLUGS GO FAST FL YERS ARE BACK! Puts sting engine Unique flat-wound spiral coil element high temperature glass-to-metal seal add up faster ignition increased RPM 1/2A GloBee plugs designed exclusively 049/051 Cox engines Ask tar new GB-5RX Speed Plug GB-5R Racing Plug GB-5P Sport Plug local dealer today unavailable locally write call Twinn-K collect tor pricing delivery intormation FREE GloEee Catalog MAKE THE GLOBEE INDY CONNECTION Twinn-K Inc 10296 W Washington St Indianapolis IN 46231 Telephone 317-839-6579 FAX 317-839-8928 IRON temps vary day Stop guessing & buy handy Pocket Thermometer CeNIERrr credit expanded-scale voltmeter Only ledo provides opportunity meet such pion eers Casually attired Toledo visitor K Leroy Irvis conceals identity brilliant lawyer speaker emeritus Pennsylvania House Represen tatives genial confidant kings com moners alike speak Leroy avid OldTimer modeler staunch supporter hobby met up him taking delivery new Brown Jr model engine Yes thats right new Brown Jr Herb WahI Forkesville PA another su perbly talented citizen modeling world Hes retired Boeing aeronautical engineer has piloted own full-scale Piper Comanche married hang glider enthusiast also fell love early gasoline model engines today one-man engine factory turning out repli cas Brown Jr Hurleman Ohlsson Bunch higher quality originals Theres waiting list Herbs products Ohioan Miles Reed known over East one-man air show retired postal inspector Miles has hobby mere 38 years attended first Nats Willow Grove 1965 Seven RC clubs proudly list him life mem ber MilCs brought 6-ft 4-in-tall grandson Neil Solomon Toledo parcels out ad vice Sure talent model building flying nice serious diligent practice will go further Its will counts Soft-southern-drawled Pattern champion Steve Helms told us Futaba will provide narrowband update service some its older RC sys tems beginning next October Steve holds Ham license number WA6NLK acquired broad radio knowledge through superinten sive home study done after-work hours over three-year period Bobby Tom Airtronics proudly showed us prototype drape-shape transmitter like some others houses microcomputer syn thesized frequencies arrangement allows fliers change channels quickiy easily field system may also tnctuoe scanner will blow whistle tooclose radio waves such dirty pagers Although Hedda does endorse commercial products Airtronics system represents design philoso phy will undoubtedly fan out other forward-thinking radio manufacturers Due peculiar interspaced radio channeling some RC frequencies may prove hazardous especially certain metropolitan areas itself could dictate multifrequency sets economic neces sity Mike Barbee very personable Columbus ce Continued page 196 194 Model Aviation BOX 710399-MASANTEE CA 92072 qi wq.qyff5ff TEL 619 448-1818FAX 619 448-1833
Edition: Model Aviation - 1990/08
Page Numbers: 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 190, 191, 192, 194
today early French pioneer flying models opened doors both modeling full-size aviation story still makes fascinating reading today U Bill Hannan THE STORY Charles Alphonse Pnaud pronounced pay-know early pioneer model airplanes deserves better known fact 19th-century Frenchman may have influential modeler time Born 1850 Paris Nnaud expected carry family tradition career maritime service However complications severe hip injury rendered him phys ically unfit naval service Obliged walk crutches young age plagued discomfort short life Mild modest nature Pnaud also something wunderkind quisitive Leonardo da Vinci inter ests included bird flight balloons ballistics mathematics meteorology high-speed pho tography hydrodynamics rocketry aero dynamics much Ualike theoreticians Alphonse ability re duce complex abstract ideas simple terms demonstrate practical hardware 1876 Pnaud partner Paul Gauchot designed patented innova tive full-size aircraft flying wing also featured such astonishingly advanced con cepts retractable landing gear enclosed cockpit extensive instrumentation automatic pilot Pnaud made frequent use models aerodynamic experiments conclu sively proved low-risk low-cost ad vantages So successful models fact Pnaud rather resented some contemporaries un able equal results Although experimented kites well model Helicopters Ornithop drawing executed Bill Noonan de picts Charles Alphonse P6naud launching rubber-powered models called planophore hip injury youth incapacitated him short life ters discussion will concentrate nauds model airplanes called planophores Unfortunately brilliant Frenchman never able gain financial support encouragement carry out ideas vital inventor frustration compounded failing health drove Pnaud deep depression 1880 30 years age ended own life depriving aeronautical world its talented experiment ers Tragic Alphonse Pnauds 7 Penaud Plan op hores August 1990 63 Silk covered wire rotors Bow string power Al V V V V V V 4 IP6nauds own sketch L AERONAUTE Jan 1 1872 P6naud Helicopter 1870 Commercial lv reproduced Antoin Breguet pilnes Bird Gliders MODELES DAEROPLANES 1910 Reproductions early Helicopter bird glider drawings Including three P6naud-deslgned Helicopters Produced between 1870 1874 Helicopters achieved some success flight durations up 26 seconds some hovering ability became quite popular time several variations commercially manufactured toys Wright brothers came possess lifework aviation least lost original concepts designs influ ence beyond generation surviving achievements other pathbreakers inspired Among scions P& nauds aeronautical genius two young fellows named Wilbur Orville Wright Penauds experiments model aviation wide-ranging addition cate gory models named plano phores young Frenchman designed flew Ornithopters Helicopters Al though have unable locate illus trations Nnaud also flew kites would welcome assistance readers may know existence illus trations Pnauds kites liest aeronautical experiments Historical ac counts suggest first constructed re constructed model Helicopter yin tage Launoy Bienvenu type de vice employed bow-and-string arrange ment power contrarotating silk-covered wire rotors Its duration extremely brief performance impressive era Though Englishman Sir George Cayley produced similar model fea turing bird feather rotors 1795 Nnaud didnt learn about until years after own experiments Other experimenters tried clockspring-powered Helicopters disap pointing results machines .par took character aerial som mersault true flight no sooner commenced ascend spring run down screws stopped After investigating existing con cepts Pdnaud conceived single farreaching idea wound rubber motor Its important note made no claim having invented rubber powerand correct ly Indian rubber caoutchouc French employed flying models Pierre Jullien 1858 proposed Sir George Cayley earlier However mechanisms depended upon rubber 64 Model Aviation Launoy 8 lenvenue Helicopter 1784 Pnaud Helicopter 18701874 Helicopters among Nnauds earThe Bill Hannan planophore full flight model built 1978 motivated contest pusher-type models prewar design certainly qualified prewari C 11 AB 3 H 33view drawings P4naud letter T J Bennett December 3 1874 CD -I P6nauds own QH cr6B 2view LAERONAUTE January 1 1872 IINAa N FLIGHT May 27 1911 0 Harold Beer sketch AEROMODEL NG Ray Malmstrom 1961 DE LAERONAUTIQUE Dol Ifus Bouche 1942 Source unknown based upon LA NATURE engraving / 41 Could4 function PROGRESS IN FLYING MACHINES Octave Chanute 1894 AEROMODELES J Gulllemard 1961 Optical illusion August 1990 65 Albert TissandierLA NATURE engraving Aerornodelling AERONAUTICS 'N N K N Model Aviation -- n David Jr FLYING ACES 1942 9 Drawing based upon Smithsonian Institution Planophore type otograph found Langleys workshop Paul GaroerNote similarities during 1920sNo 11 Langley Aerodrome MECHANIX LLUSTRATED Reproduced LA NAVIGATION AERIENNE JLecornu 1903Original Source unknown Reproduced BRIEF HISTORY OF FLYING C H GibbsSmith 1967 U TABLEAU DAVIATION EDieuaide 1880 Also AIRCRAFT 1913 VOLKSBUCHER DER TECHNIK FLUGZEUGE CIRCA 1913 LANGLEY MEMOIR ON MECHANICAL FLIGHT Langley Manley SmIthsonian InstItutIon 1911 CMODEL AVIATION Langleys No 11 \ K CLURES MAGAZINE S P Langley article June 1897 drawings represent some research conducted Samuel Pierpont Langley thIrd secretary Smithsonian Institution rubber-powered flight met limited success several nearly 40 models built closely resembled P6nauds designs C H [I 0 Aerodrome Bill Hannan strip stretched lengthwise tension around revolving spool spindle capable storing tremendous power method offered brief duration ex erted considerable strain machinery consequently needed strong heavy contrast Pnauds innovation em ployed rubber strands torsion twisted allowing simpler lighter airframes ex tended duration Although moderate performance todays standards Pnauds little Helicop ters sensational 1870 yielding flight durations 15 26 seconds demonstrating some hovering ability Delighted audiences applauded clever models soon adapted com mercial manufacture playthings widely marketed Among eventu ally received such flying toy young Wilbur Orville Wright pianophores Alphonse turned attention fixed-wing flight tunate knowing Joseph M Pline skilled design tiny paper oi seaus birds papillons butterflies Pline painstakingly determined princi ples balance incidence dihedral gles providing automatic equilibrium essential Free Flight models combining improved variations Plines self-stabilizing features own rubber-in-torsion motors Pnaud created series simple model airplane designs called planophores experimented contrarotating pro pellers minimize torque influences soon discovered much easier ways achieving similar results Simply adding small amount ballast models wing tip and/or setting wing panel slightly greater incidence angle other worked effectively counteracting torque Pnaud also tried tractor front mounted propellers though favored single pusher propeller protection event collisions Although Pnaud tested multiple blades preferred two-bladed arrangements simplicity damage resistance since could lie flat during landing didnt want complicate models increase weight landing gear educational entertainment value Pnauds models resoundingly prov en during 1871 outdoor public demon strations Paris famous Gardens Tuiler ies inside beautiful Horticultural Hall demonstrations brought much favorable publicity both planophores creator Although planophores constructed P6naud associates various forms different styles diverse re sults successful fliers seem have spanned 18 24 18-inspan example about 4-in wing root chord 20-in-long fuselage stick 8in-dia propeller blades generally made paper sometimes bird feathers front rear motor hooks steel wire wings constructed bird feather quills pinned together covered goldbeaters skin Dihedral either shallow V form achieved simply curving wing tips gracefully upward wing assembly could slid along fuselage stick adjust balance inci dence angles individual wing panels could altered similarly constructed horizontal tail also adjustable inci dence its tips could raised added stability Some planophores equipped vertical tailplane Pnaud likened steering function provided ships rudder tailplane rarely ever shown early illustrations Wait Mooney launching Bill Hannans pianophore Fiightmasters West indoor contest Wait proxy-flew Bills pianophore officially clocked 58-second flight model weighs 16 grams about equal P6naud original its built basswood tissue covered August 1990 67 beautifully executed display model photographed Frank Scott P6naud planophore built Christy Magrath dedicated talented model builders modern times donated US Air Force Museum Wright-Patterson AFB Dayton OH late Charles Dollfus renowned exhausted French aviation historian noted de- Total weight 18-in-span plano scription Pdnauds planophores phore 16 grams little under could add vertical rudder seems imply provided optional accessory An account Progress Flying Machines Octave Cha nut confirms assumption least case Pdnauds Garden Tuileries demon strator Chanute tells us ided hor izontally small vertical rudder shown figure flew several times circle falling gently ground near its starting point power rubber thirdfive gramssupplied rubber motor Flight durations ranging 11 13 seconds documented dis tances 130 200 feet Considering year 1871 thats bad Illustrations planophores aviation tory books commonplace theyre seldom examined carefully Though first glance may seem look alike have encountered amazing variety such illustrations course re search article arranged gether differences among ob vious partial explanation after variety planophore config urations built Individual interpretations different artists probably added varia tion still oldest published planophore draw ings aware appeared January 1 1872 issue lAeronaute Drawn Pnaud himself sketches obviously freehand simplified intended provide readers general idea rather convey technical accu racy example top view omits wing stabilizer ribs well vertical tail although Nnaud specifically mentions latter written description addi tion side view proportions dont ex actly correspond top view again criticism can leveled modem three-view drawings Possibly earliest artistic planophore il lustration published la Nature April 17 1875 engraving credited two artists Albert Tissandier second name illegible Two different plan ophores depicted first seen di rect top view features gracefully curved trailing edges inner wing roots other model shown distorted perspec tive heavily scalloped trailing edges straight wing roots background engraving muddy de leted later copies greater clarity would seem majority subse quent planophore drawings simplified rehashes 1875 engraving vari ety subtle subtle changes made copying process probably reflected individual artists talent lack thereofl well degree tech nical orientation Note instance propeller hooks missing some illustrations Latter-day planophores Interest P& nauds fascinating flying machines has con tinued present reproductions Pnaud Planophores have built some actual flying others mu seum displays conversation pieces Lets take look some models people have helped sustain interest unique airplanes Aerodromes Samuel Pierpont Langley third secretary Smithsonian Insti tution accomplished scientist astronomer became interested aerial nav igation about 1886 During 1887 six years after Pnauds death Langley em barked upon study free-flying mod els collectively termed aero dromes did initially know Pd nauds planophore designs clearly docu mented Langley Memoir Mechan ical Flight device attracted little no tice unfamiliar beContinued page 190 68 Model Aviation half-size display planophore photographed Frank Pierce also built Christy Magrath Bill Winter former editor Model Aviation magazineThe model has nine-inch wingspan wooden fuselage stick twisted metal strips simuiste rubber motor Available black red white sizes 1$325 2375 21/4425 2V2475 Spinners new Master Airscrew spinner series features aluminum backplate true running cones made engineering grade nylon strength resist starter burn spinners easily mounted two screws custom fit Master Airscrew propellers black red white See Hobby Dealer MASTER AIRSCREW propellers accessories WINDSOR PROPELLER CO 3219 Monier Circle Rancho Cordova CA 95742 Embry-omatic/De Loach Continued page 186 dope applied Once tissue properly shrunk warps removed surfaces can doped 50/50 mixture dope thinner well plasticized castor oil TCP tri-creosol phosphate four drops per ounce dope/thinner Assembly Glue %2 balsa shim under wing leading edge correct incidence shown plan Youll notice wing rubberbanded #10 rubberbands place rather glued may glue prefer popoff wing surely does help inevitable rough landings DT dethermalizer also optional al though strongly recommend installing Dont let models small size its Embryo status fool underestimating its perform ance potentialand consequent need dether malizer Like gutsy flier model will fol low wherever good thermal leadsin other words 005 out-of-sight Another reason dethermalizer enables adjust decalage small shims under trailing edge stabilizer rest case Before rigging stabilizer fuselage rudders subrudder youre building must glued place Embellishing model wheel pants make sure wheels rotate freely inside cock pit details windscreen headrest exhaust pipes made aluminum tubing CyAd place greatly improves appearance ex haust pipes shown plans exact placement unimportant As described ear lier detailing model will also earn bonus points Bend shaft seven-inch Peck gray plastic prop using reverse S-hook made /32 music wire Flying Its best start motor youll probably end up Use 25-in loop %-in rubber noted plan model built light should have motor should give excellent results Install motor balance model CG center-of-gravity location marked plan Add clay nose until balance achieved Test glide model over soft grass during calm early morning evening Adjust sta bilizer shims until airplane settles nsce floating glide Induce gentle right left glide turn adjusting rudder accordingly well wind about hundred turns first powered flight Gradually work way up more turns mak ing adjustments necessary Youll probably have put little downthrust did power builds up Also youll need shim little right left thrust model will circle un der power Try both right left thrust will work better other model haves differently Once again try everything see what works best model excitement really begins once model balanced trimmed flying correctly Now its time see just Embry-omatically airplane performsand believe perform word new FAI Model Supply tan rubber Im able crank 2500 turns yielding motor run easily minute half kind power dont forget light DT fuse Any questions about Embry-omatic may addressed author 3428 Bryn Mawr Dal las TX 75225 Suppliers Peck-Polymers PO Box 2498 La Mesa CA 92041 tissue props glue Old Timer Model Supply PO Box 7334 Van Nuys CA 91409 tissue wood wire props Champion Model Products 880 Carmen Court La Verne CA 91750 wood tissue DT fuse thodonix bands rubber lube FAI Model Supply PO Box 3957 Torrance CA 90510 rubber Bob Wilder 2010 Boston Irving TX 75061 201 winder Join NFFS today Penaud/Hannan Continued page 68 gan own first constructions Alleghany 1887 Langley did learn Pnaud 1872 1 Aeronaure article adopted Pnaud concepts some own aerodrome models Langleys planophore-type designs identi fled Aerodrome No 11 illustrated both drawing photograph Memoir Curiously Langley seems have employec twisted rubber power earliest models Perhaps may have learned some Francois Dandrieux butterflies widely marketed early 1879 would poetic justice indeed since butter flies commercial adaptations P6nauds Helicopters Two examples Dandricux models Smithsonian collection years Might Langley have brought Although constructed nearly 40 rubberpowered models before 1893 experimented wide variety configurations Langley achieved limited success can share frustration recalled wings general flat some cases curved rubber usually wound about 100 turns trou ble continually arose its kinldng une qual unwinding often caused erratic flights Langley also encountered frequent breakages After reading Pnauds 13-second duration planophore flight candidly wrote have never obtained good result rubber motor added longest flights obtainable did exceed six eight sec onds time nor 80 100 feet distance brief owing spas modic action rubber other causes ir regular extremely difficult obtain imperfect results actually de duced what would certainly appear have retrogressive move Langley turned during 1895 models powered rubber tension surprisingly gave poor results com plex weighty mechanisms models still exist Smithsonian collection Langley also considered rejected power plants employing gunpowder hot water com pressed air electricity carbon dioxide before achieving some success steam fi nally gasoline 1896 steam-powered Aero drome identified No 5 suggests revised numbering system unrelated rubber-driven model series Langley planophore type During 1920s Paul Garber now historian emeritus Ramsey Fellow National Air Space Museum touring Langleys long-dormant shop building Smithsonian Institution Among paraphernalia old model planophore configuration Garber asked es BLIILD*CD*MODELS* am sOll making wsId famous histonic inc modet plans aailable Foim 1/32 5/C C/L F/F ubben stetjo Ill tlnem anymt,e145t plans Real choiCe items Ask old time model 0500 ohotolanhle youaelt long, send Si * fo te CleoolandSesignd piotoojal catalog booklet bannially illustated pioe list St Foeign odd St Al MaiL Non I, Sam day seeioe hOot no dealoo enteR museums [Edund 7 Panku,d4ticlicn Bnl -innd CLEVELAND MODEL & SUPPLY 7B Dotnoit Cloteland OH 44102V-* TOURNAMENT CHAMPIONS Finals Las Vegas NVNov 9-11 Special Discounted Airfare Call Irene Gerny CONTEMPORARY TRAVEL 800-3360033 Outside NYS 516-360-3663 NYS 190 Model Aviation Leader Small Airfoil Technology ort Mr Cole its origin Cole didnt know Ut SUrmiSed Langley might have obtained uring visits France Langleys own account Langley ifemoir Mechanical Flight can establish unaware planophores until least 887 some seven years after Pnauds death hat rules out possibility bought aodel Pnaud himself some have sug ested know however Langley rought back internal combustion engine aris 1900s years after rubber owered model experiments Its plausible ie might have purchased unidentified model t same time Another possibility model may have een Langleys own similar Aerodrome No 1 long series tested letter written author May 16 1988 Paul Garber com nented detail may determine whether ts original Pnaud copy made Lang ey member crewhe about half lozen expert craftsmen working himis its ongitudinal tubular metal Pnaud nay well have chosen material want say ts original Pnaud cant authenticate t Among people worked Langley luring 1895 Augustus Moore Herring mown have successfully designed flown ubber-powered models early 1893 Might e have fabricated planophore type Although itrong personality differences prevented two nen working together harmony Herring s said have designed built steam engines Ahich powered two Langleys aerodrome mod ls information tantalizing subject nay eventually surface Whatever origin Smithsonian planophore type its fascinat ing artifact photos have widely published Ehe Christy Magrath planophores dedicated talented model builders modern times Christy Magrath Christy per sonally examined Smithsonian planophore type documented drawings de scriptions Inked Walt Schroder illus Irations published article entitled After Alphonse May 1955 Model 4irplane News According Magrath model has bamboo surface members covered rice taper horizontal tail features wire mci lence adjustment device seen other pIano thore illustrations also has triangular verti al tail wing has no ribs distinctive onfiguration bent wood propeller notation drawing states Purchased y Dr S P Langley Paris 1871 ourse odds Langleys own record Memoir Magrath must have un tware discrepancy same page Model Airplane News irticle sketches traditional pIano hore making comparisons exceptionally easy Christy also constructed number pIano hore reproductions some flown ne display models donated Air orce Museum Dayton OH Another half-size lanophore presented former Model Air lane News Model Aviation editor Bill Winter kindly supplied photo raph Del Gattos planophores Also featured 4ay 1955 Model Airplane News article Paul E Del Gatto featured construction Irawings two planophores 1871 con riguration second employing modern techContinued page 192 U U I U U U U I I I I I I U U U U U U U U U U I I I U U U U I I I I I I I I BIG GLOW FUEL MANUFACTURED WITH THE PUREST FINEST QUALITY INGREDIENTS AVAILABLE * Superior Igniters Improve starting idle acceleration Youll notice power bargain fuels * 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soeth 4814 wing spas 0 lbs oh SIC odble [sodlog Gear OCDF2ggg 1 soale44 length 3210 span lb. mIx fEC 3-t oh IlIC g end AK-720 toss ecDF-tesggg One-Third Scale Piper TH-Pacer PA-22 2386 C25-2556 fr 1/3 Scale Piper Cub 1-3 ~7tIS wIng opso e gO leogob 5C302engines f2ggt Quarter Scale WWI SE-5A egr -- wing span 2220 sq wing area 70 22 engines RCQS7 6 SPAD C-XIII Ye span 21 20 sq wing area1 31031 engines Capable flyer captures inragination RCOS-h 6 FOKKER DR-i TRIPLANE 72 wing opax e 1772 sq ix wing area 70 100 engines RCOS-0 6 SOPWITH CAMEL F1 84 wing span- 2150 sq wiog ares e 11 ho wix RIC usood Ir baiss consouchon ocar 65 sq ft drawings RCOS-tl 6 Quarter Scale WWI Fokker D-VIINew 2 Hg uvingpon 2220 vs WiOo OrOO 00 2h cid nvginn oh bs hCOS h 5 Foil contilever wings no flying wirool Removal ongine unit Shocb mounted landing gear Oalnatplyorood fuselage built-op bloss wing Sill Effinger Founding Mnerber AMA NFFS Hell Fames Fri von aro fur vomyinte plons nub asnonrOly ft dotailod yarru juts PLEASE ADD 0208 for shippino Iweilins tuhel Now 1980 P100 Solo broohurO 0150 Iretundoblo yr Irrot urderli WE TECHNICAL SERVICES Ro 1 Box 2900 Santa Rosa Beach FL 32459 niques materials vintage version rubber winder-woundr exceeded 45 Seconds durationr updated pIano phore achieved 80-second flights indoors Reg Parhams planophore 1964 English man Reg Parham constructed planophore type model aviation history demonstrations model features bamboo flight surfaces flat-plate airfoils shellacked silk covering motor stick spruce propeller blades turkey tail feathers Weighing same Pnauds original model has achieved outdoor flights 40-second duration Bill Hannans planophore own reproduc tion constructed during 1978 inspired Southern California Antique Model Plane Soci ety SCAMPS contest pusher models pre war design Certainly Pnauds planophore quali fies score Balsa seemed contrary spirit historical modeling model constructed primarily basswood ever Japanese tissue employed covering since neighborhood hobby shop fresh out goldbeaters skin finished product weighed 16 grams approximately equal Pnauds planophores small effort involved construction amply rewarded enthusiastic comments fellow competi tors also helped adjust model also its garnering third-place trophy satisfy curiosity planophore also flown few times its vertical tail yes did fly however much greater care launching required During Flightmasters West Indoor contest model proxy flown Curtiss Walt Mooney officially timed flight 58 sec onds especially satisfying since P& naud himself sent planophore England during 1874 flown friend Thomas J Bennett Truly history does repeat itself name Charles Alphonse Penaud has forgorten does remarkable con tribution model aeronautics live pages history books street 20th district native city also bears name Addition ally FAI committee international aero modeling presents award Pnauds honor diploma originally proposed Hans J Meier Germany presented outstanding na tional international modelers characteristic modestyand little poetryPnaud prophesied planophore III II ASSES Washable Rugged Cap Sunglasses Flip Up/Down Adjust In/Out Snap On/Off Imprints Available IUltra Violet ProtectedI IPlease send _____________ caps Ive enclosedI I@ $795 plus $2 shipping handlingI ILens Colors 0 Amber El Smoke blueI Cap Colors El Black El White El Yellow El Green El Navy blue El Royal blue aroon []Grey ElRedI II El Please send information about imprinting lPLtA5t PRINT INumeI AddressI 1CityI StutnZip ________ RETURN WITH CHECK OR MONEY ORDER ONLY TO PIN-NIK SALES PO Box 647 RavenBa OH 44256 L 192 Model Aviation demonstrates possibilities stable equilib rium heart air promise grea machines considerable swiftness coule see life heart air today References research life work Alphonse Pnaud has long ongoing study Numer ous books periodicals have consulted yielded fragmentary informa tion useful references Alphonse Pnaud Aeroplane Automoteur lAeronaute Jan 1872 T J Bennett Notes France EleventA Annual Report Aeronautical Society oj Great Britain 1876 Octave Chanut Progress Flying Machine3 1894 Paul E Del Gatto Pgnauds Planophore Model Airplane News May 1955 Charles Dollfus Alphonse P6naud Icare Re vue de Aviation Francais No 38 1966 B far single comprehensive work available Continued page 194 ~~1~~I 209 645 5535 GOLDEN GATE HOBBIES PO BOX 27001 FRESNO CAUFORNIA 93729 M/C OR COD HA TORI TETTRA DIQICON IMMSK HATORI BLUEPRINT SHOWS ALL EXHAUST ITEMS FULL SIZE 2FT X 4FT $ 5 WE WANT NEW DEALERS I! HATORI 650 LONG PIPE $4350 TO DEALERS CATALOG $ 200 OR FREE Th ORDERS CHECK EM BOTH OUT NEW STARHAWK BIPLANE NEW MISS STARHAWK POSTER See your Starhawk Dealer tar details write Thorpe Engineering Corporation 1715 E Fairfield Mesa AZ 85203 Poster $500 P&H Prepaid 1300 A/C BUMP NEW 12113 FT LONG OUTSTANDING CONTROL MORE POWER KIT $3500O NEW GENESIS RIC FLY/IC WI/IC CL/MR 59 INCH WINWPAN EANI LAUNCH CUW SOAR TART KIT 2-3CM iUNTO FLY RUBBER POWER KITS-SUPPLIE PEANUT SCALE ANDREASONPIPER CUB MUSTANG ZERO PIETENPOL LACY GIPSY MOTHCOUGER RUBBER SPORT FLVING ACE MOTH *996 BOSTONIAN PUP *695 PRAIRIE BIRD 16 *896 ROG 1ST MODEL 8205 NOSE BEARINGS BRASS WASHERS PROPS 4TO 9 RUBBER TAN DUMMY CYL CLEAR VINTAGE WHEELS 300 PLANS TISSUEMANY MORE KITS COS ENGINES HUNGERFORD SILK L SPOKED WHEELS COMPLETE CATALOG $200 Penaud/Hannan Continued page 192 about Pnaud accomplishments S P Langley Experiments Small Mod els Langley Memoir Mechanical Flight Part 11911 S P Langley Flying Machine McClures Magazine June 1897 Article re printed Last Can Fly George Hardie Jr md] Christy Magrath After Alphonse Model Airplane News May 1955 Robert B Meyer Jr Langleys Model Aero En gine 1903 1976 Volume compiled Rob ert B Meyer Jr Nigel Mills Pnaud World War Aero April 1983 Reg Parham Indoor Vintage SAM 35 Year book Dec 1982 Pearl Young Alphonse Penauds Letters Aeronautics 1968 addition made use dozens letters historians enthusiasts patiently assisted encouraged research efforts Grateful thanks G James Alaback John J Brown L M Conover Paul E Garber Eugene Husting Herbert Kelley L S McCready Richard Mil ler Curtiss Walt Mooney Leonard Op dycke Richard Padgham Hewitt Viola Phil lips Bertram Pond Dick Seely Tom Schmitt Bill Warner Herbert K Weiss William Winter USA Assistance England supplied late C H Gibbs-Smith via Leonard Opdycke Ken McDonough J Bagley Peter Mann via Philip Jarrett also furnished additional material Pnauds own homeland France special appreciation George Chau let J F Frugoli Alain Parmentier anyone has overlooked sincere apologies Toledo/Berman Continued page 80 crutches Nothing much assured Just skiing accident Certainly wish Ivans recovery AMAs crew Toledo deserves mention setting up platoon leader Bob Underwood seen toting crates cases considered too heavy him handle Bob familiar readers magazine AMAs technical director former St Louis schoolteacher explained present job administrator refers specific technical problems qualified experts available added has fellows phone numbers good will superbusy spot show transmit ter checking station $10000 instrument called spectrum analyzer draws graph transmitters behavior grid su perimposed graph tells technician transmitter rated gold silver k Dave Hilsenhoff Warren Plohr Larry Dungan members AMA Fre quency Committee faithfully manned post three fellows have probably forgotten ever knew about mysterious world waves No female Navy personseven though Dave Larry received electronics degrees serving Un cle Sams boys girls blue Another matured whiz kid ran ledo Texan Bob Elliot Bob E E K Logitrol former RC radio manufacturer invented transistorized three-wire servo made possible truly proportional sets take granted today Also Bobs THE SUPERIOR GLOW PLUGS GO FAST FL YERS ARE BACK! Puts sting engine Unique flat-wound spiral coil element high temperature glass-to-metal seal add up faster ignition increased RPM 1/2A GloBee plugs designed exclusively 049/051 Cox engines Ask tar new GB-5RX Speed Plug GB-5R Racing Plug GB-5P Sport Plug local dealer today unavailable locally write call Twinn-K collect tor pricing delivery intormation FREE GloEee Catalog MAKE THE GLOBEE INDY CONNECTION Twinn-K Inc 10296 W Washington St Indianapolis IN 46231 Telephone 317-839-6579 FAX 317-839-8928 IRON temps vary day Stop guessing & buy handy Pocket Thermometer CeNIERrr credit expanded-scale voltmeter Only ledo provides opportunity meet such pion eers Casually attired Toledo visitor K Leroy Irvis conceals identity brilliant lawyer speaker emeritus Pennsylvania House Represen tatives genial confidant kings com moners alike speak Leroy avid OldTimer modeler staunch supporter hobby met up him taking delivery new Brown Jr model engine Yes thats right new Brown Jr Herb WahI Forkesville PA another su perbly talented citizen modeling world Hes retired Boeing aeronautical engineer has piloted own full-scale Piper Comanche married hang glider enthusiast also fell love early gasoline model engines today one-man engine factory turning out repli cas Brown Jr Hurleman Ohlsson Bunch higher quality originals Theres waiting list Herbs products Ohioan Miles Reed known over East one-man air show retired postal inspector Miles has hobby mere 38 years attended first Nats Willow Grove 1965 Seven RC clubs proudly list him life mem ber MilCs brought 6-ft 4-in-tall grandson Neil Solomon Toledo parcels out ad vice Sure talent model building flying nice serious diligent practice will go further Its will counts Soft-southern-drawled Pattern champion Steve Helms told us Futaba will provide narrowband update service some its older RC sys tems beginning next October Steve holds Ham license number WA6NLK acquired broad radio knowledge through superinten sive home study done after-work hours over three-year period Bobby Tom Airtronics proudly showed us prototype drape-shape transmitter like some others houses microcomputer syn thesized frequencies arrangement allows fliers change channels quickiy easily field system may also tnctuoe scanner will blow whistle tooclose radio waves such dirty pagers Although Hedda does endorse commercial products Airtronics system represents design philoso phy will undoubtedly fan out other forward-thinking radio manufacturers Due peculiar interspaced radio channeling some RC frequencies may prove hazardous especially certain metropolitan areas itself could dictate multifrequency sets economic neces sity Mike Barbee very personable Columbus ce Continued page 196 194 Model Aviation BOX 710399-MASANTEE CA 92072 qi wq.qyff5ff TEL 619 448-1818FAX 619 448-1833
Edition: Model Aviation - 1990/08
Page Numbers: 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 190, 191, 192, 194
today early French pioneer flying models opened doors both modeling full-size aviation story still makes fascinating reading today U Bill Hannan THE STORY Charles Alphonse Pnaud pronounced pay-know early pioneer model airplanes deserves better known fact 19th-century Frenchman may have influential modeler time Born 1850 Paris Nnaud expected carry family tradition career maritime service However complications severe hip injury rendered him phys ically unfit naval service Obliged walk crutches young age plagued discomfort short life Mild modest nature Pnaud also something wunderkind quisitive Leonardo da Vinci inter ests included bird flight balloons ballistics mathematics meteorology high-speed pho tography hydrodynamics rocketry aero dynamics much Ualike theoreticians Alphonse ability re duce complex abstract ideas simple terms demonstrate practical hardware 1876 Pnaud partner Paul Gauchot designed patented innova tive full-size aircraft flying wing also featured such astonishingly advanced con cepts retractable landing gear enclosed cockpit extensive instrumentation automatic pilot Pnaud made frequent use models aerodynamic experiments conclu sively proved low-risk low-cost ad vantages So successful models fact Pnaud rather resented some contemporaries un able equal results Although experimented kites well model Helicopters Ornithop drawing executed Bill Noonan de picts Charles Alphonse P6naud launching rubber-powered models called planophore hip injury youth incapacitated him short life ters discussion will concentrate nauds model airplanes called planophores Unfortunately brilliant Frenchman never able gain financial support encouragement carry out ideas vital inventor frustration compounded failing health drove Pnaud deep depression 1880 30 years age ended own life depriving aeronautical world its talented experiment ers Tragic Alphonse Pnauds 7 Penaud Plan op hores August 1990 63 Silk covered wire rotors Bow string power Al V V V V V V 4 IP6nauds own sketch L AERONAUTE Jan 1 1872 P6naud Helicopter 1870 Commercial lv reproduced Antoin Breguet pilnes Bird Gliders MODELES DAEROPLANES 1910 Reproductions early Helicopter bird glider drawings Including three P6naud-deslgned Helicopters Produced between 1870 1874 Helicopters achieved some success flight durations up 26 seconds some hovering ability became quite popular time several variations commercially manufactured toys Wright brothers came possess lifework aviation least lost original concepts designs influ ence beyond generation surviving achievements other pathbreakers inspired Among scions P& nauds aeronautical genius two young fellows named Wilbur Orville Wright Penauds experiments model aviation wide-ranging addition cate gory models named plano phores young Frenchman designed flew Ornithopters Helicopters Al though have unable locate illus trations Nnaud also flew kites would welcome assistance readers may know existence illus trations Pnauds kites liest aeronautical experiments Historical ac counts suggest first constructed re constructed model Helicopter yin tage Launoy Bienvenu type de vice employed bow-and-string arrange ment power contrarotating silk-covered wire rotors Its duration extremely brief performance impressive era Though Englishman Sir George Cayley produced similar model fea turing bird feather rotors 1795 Nnaud didnt learn about until years after own experiments Other experimenters tried clockspring-powered Helicopters disap pointing results machines .par took character aerial som mersault true flight no sooner commenced ascend spring run down screws stopped After investigating existing con cepts Pdnaud conceived single farreaching idea wound rubber motor Its important note made no claim having invented rubber powerand correct ly Indian rubber caoutchouc French employed flying models Pierre Jullien 1858 proposed Sir George Cayley earlier However mechanisms depended upon rubber 64 Model Aviation Launoy 8 lenvenue Helicopter 1784 Pnaud Helicopter 18701874 Helicopters among Nnauds earThe Bill Hannan planophore full flight model built 1978 motivated contest pusher-type models prewar design certainly qualified prewari C 11 AB 3 H 33view drawings P4naud letter T J Bennett December 3 1874 CD -I P6nauds own QH cr6B 2view LAERONAUTE January 1 1872 IINAa N FLIGHT May 27 1911 0 Harold Beer sketch AEROMODEL NG Ray Malmstrom 1961 DE LAERONAUTIQUE Dol Ifus Bouche 1942 Source unknown based upon LA NATURE engraving / 41 Could4 function PROGRESS IN FLYING MACHINES Octave Chanute 1894 AEROMODELES J Gulllemard 1961 Optical illusion August 1990 65 Albert TissandierLA NATURE engraving Aerornodelling AERONAUTICS 'N N K N Model Aviation -- n David Jr FLYING ACES 1942 9 Drawing based upon Smithsonian Institution Planophore type otograph found Langleys workshop Paul GaroerNote similarities during 1920sNo 11 Langley Aerodrome MECHANIX LLUSTRATED Reproduced LA NAVIGATION AERIENNE JLecornu 1903Original Source unknown Reproduced BRIEF HISTORY OF FLYING C H GibbsSmith 1967 U TABLEAU DAVIATION EDieuaide 1880 Also AIRCRAFT 1913 VOLKSBUCHER DER TECHNIK FLUGZEUGE CIRCA 1913 LANGLEY MEMOIR ON MECHANICAL FLIGHT Langley Manley SmIthsonian InstItutIon 1911 CMODEL AVIATION Langleys No 11 \ K CLURES MAGAZINE S P Langley article June 1897 drawings represent some research conducted Samuel Pierpont Langley thIrd secretary Smithsonian Institution rubber-powered flight met limited success several nearly 40 models built closely resembled P6nauds designs C H [I 0 Aerodrome Bill Hannan strip stretched lengthwise tension around revolving spool spindle capable storing tremendous power method offered brief duration ex erted considerable strain machinery consequently needed strong heavy contrast Pnauds innovation em ployed rubber strands torsion twisted allowing simpler lighter airframes ex tended duration Although moderate performance todays standards Pnauds little Helicop ters sensational 1870 yielding flight durations 15 26 seconds demonstrating some hovering ability Delighted audiences applauded clever models soon adapted com mercial manufacture playthings widely marketed Among eventu ally received such flying toy young Wilbur Orville Wright pianophores Alphonse turned attention fixed-wing flight tunate knowing Joseph M Pline skilled design tiny paper oi seaus birds papillons butterflies Pline painstakingly determined princi ples balance incidence dihedral gles providing automatic equilibrium essential Free Flight models combining improved variations Plines self-stabilizing features own rubber-in-torsion motors Pnaud created series simple model airplane designs called planophores experimented contrarotating pro pellers minimize torque influences soon discovered much easier ways achieving similar results Simply adding small amount ballast models wing tip and/or setting wing panel slightly greater incidence angle other worked effectively counteracting torque Pnaud also tried tractor front mounted propellers though favored single pusher propeller protection event collisions Although Pnaud tested multiple blades preferred two-bladed arrangements simplicity damage resistance since could lie flat during landing didnt want complicate models increase weight landing gear educational entertainment value Pnauds models resoundingly prov en during 1871 outdoor public demon strations Paris famous Gardens Tuiler ies inside beautiful Horticultural Hall demonstrations brought much favorable publicity both planophores creator Although planophores constructed P6naud associates various forms different styles diverse re sults successful fliers seem have spanned 18 24 18-inspan example about 4-in wing root chord 20-in-long fuselage stick 8in-dia propeller blades generally made paper sometimes bird feathers front rear motor hooks steel wire wings constructed bird feather quills pinned together covered goldbeaters skin Dihedral either shallow V form achieved simply curving wing tips gracefully upward wing assembly could slid along fuselage stick adjust balance inci dence angles individual wing panels could altered similarly constructed horizontal tail also adjustable inci dence its tips could raised added stability Some planophores equipped vertical tailplane Pnaud likened steering function provided ships rudder tailplane rarely ever shown early illustrations Wait Mooney launching Bill Hannans pianophore Fiightmasters West indoor contest Wait proxy-flew Bills pianophore officially clocked 58-second flight model weighs 16 grams about equal P6naud original its built basswood tissue covered August 1990 67 beautifully executed display model photographed Frank Scott P6naud planophore built Christy Magrath dedicated talented model builders modern times donated US Air Force Museum Wright-Patterson AFB Dayton OH late Charles Dollfus renowned exhausted French aviation historian noted de- Total weight 18-in-span plano scription Pdnauds planophores phore 16 grams little under could add vertical rudder seems imply provided optional accessory An account Progress Flying Machines Octave Cha nut confirms assumption least case Pdnauds Garden Tuileries demon strator Chanute tells us ided hor izontally small vertical rudder shown figure flew several times circle falling gently ground near its starting point power rubber thirdfive gramssupplied rubber motor Flight durations ranging 11 13 seconds documented dis tances 130 200 feet Considering year 1871 thats bad Illustrations planophores aviation tory books commonplace theyre seldom examined carefully Though first glance may seem look alike have encountered amazing variety such illustrations course re search article arranged gether differences among ob vious partial explanation after variety planophore config urations built Individual interpretations different artists probably added varia tion still oldest published planophore draw ings aware appeared January 1 1872 issue lAeronaute Drawn Pnaud himself sketches obviously freehand simplified intended provide readers general idea rather convey technical accu racy example top view omits wing stabilizer ribs well vertical tail although Nnaud specifically mentions latter written description addi tion side view proportions dont ex actly correspond top view again criticism can leveled modem three-view drawings Possibly earliest artistic planophore il lustration published la Nature April 17 1875 engraving credited two artists Albert Tissandier second name illegible Two different plan ophores depicted first seen di rect top view features gracefully curved trailing edges inner wing roots other model shown distorted perspec tive heavily scalloped trailing edges straight wing roots background engraving muddy de leted later copies greater clarity would seem majority subse quent planophore drawings simplified rehashes 1875 engraving vari ety subtle subtle changes made copying process probably reflected individual artists talent lack thereofl well degree tech nical orientation Note instance propeller hooks missing some illustrations Latter-day planophores Interest P& nauds fascinating flying machines has con tinued present reproductions Pnaud Planophores have built some actual flying others mu seum displays conversation pieces Lets take look some models people have helped sustain interest unique airplanes Aerodromes Samuel Pierpont Langley third secretary Smithsonian Insti tution accomplished scientist astronomer became interested aerial nav igation about 1886 During 1887 six years after Pnauds death Langley em barked upon study free-flying mod els collectively termed aero dromes did initially know Pd nauds planophore designs clearly docu mented Langley Memoir Mechan ical Flight device attracted little no tice unfamiliar beContinued page 190 68 Model Aviation half-size display planophore photographed Frank Pierce also built Christy Magrath Bill Winter former editor Model Aviation magazineThe model has nine-inch wingspan wooden fuselage stick twisted metal strips simuiste rubber motor Available black red white sizes 1$325 2375 21/4425 2V2475 Spinners new Master Airscrew spinner series features aluminum backplate true running cones made engineering grade nylon strength resist starter burn spinners easily mounted two screws custom fit Master Airscrew propellers black red white See Hobby Dealer MASTER AIRSCREW propellers accessories WINDSOR PROPELLER CO 3219 Monier Circle Rancho Cordova CA 95742 Embry-omatic/De Loach Continued page 186 dope applied Once tissue properly shrunk warps removed surfaces can doped 50/50 mixture dope thinner well plasticized castor oil TCP tri-creosol phosphate four drops per ounce dope/thinner Assembly Glue %2 balsa shim under wing leading edge correct incidence shown plan Youll notice wing rubberbanded #10 rubberbands place rather glued may glue prefer popoff wing surely does help inevitable rough landings DT dethermalizer also optional al though strongly recommend installing Dont let models small size its Embryo status fool underestimating its perform ance potentialand consequent need dether malizer Like gutsy flier model will fol low wherever good thermal leadsin other words 005 out-of-sight Another reason dethermalizer enables adjust decalage small shims under trailing edge stabilizer rest case Before rigging stabilizer fuselage rudders subrudder youre building must glued place Embellishing model wheel pants make sure wheels rotate freely inside cock pit details windscreen headrest exhaust pipes made aluminum tubing CyAd place greatly improves appearance ex haust pipes shown plans exact placement unimportant As described ear lier detailing model will also earn bonus points Bend shaft seven-inch Peck gray plastic prop using reverse S-hook made /32 music wire Flying Its best start motor youll probably end up Use 25-in loop %-in rubber noted plan model built light should have motor should give excellent results Install motor balance model CG center-of-gravity location marked plan Add clay nose until balance achieved Test glide model over soft grass during calm early morning evening Adjust sta bilizer shims until airplane settles nsce floating glide Induce gentle right left glide turn adjusting rudder accordingly well wind about hundred turns first powered flight Gradually work way up more turns mak ing adjustments necessary Youll probably have put little downthrust did power builds up Also youll need shim little right left thrust model will circle un der power Try both right left thrust will work better other model haves differently Once again try everything see what works best model excitement really begins once model balanced trimmed flying correctly Now its time see just Embry-omatically airplane performsand believe perform word new FAI Model Supply tan rubber Im able crank 2500 turns yielding motor run easily minute half kind power dont forget light DT fuse Any questions about Embry-omatic may addressed author 3428 Bryn Mawr Dal las TX 75225 Suppliers Peck-Polymers PO Box 2498 La Mesa CA 92041 tissue props glue Old Timer Model Supply PO Box 7334 Van Nuys CA 91409 tissue wood wire props Champion Model Products 880 Carmen Court La Verne CA 91750 wood tissue DT fuse thodonix bands rubber lube FAI Model Supply PO Box 3957 Torrance CA 90510 rubber Bob Wilder 2010 Boston Irving TX 75061 201 winder Join NFFS today Penaud/Hannan Continued page 68 gan own first constructions Alleghany 1887 Langley did learn Pnaud 1872 1 Aeronaure article adopted Pnaud concepts some own aerodrome models Langleys planophore-type designs identi fled Aerodrome No 11 illustrated both drawing photograph Memoir Curiously Langley seems have employec twisted rubber power earliest models Perhaps may have learned some Francois Dandrieux butterflies widely marketed early 1879 would poetic justice indeed since butter flies commercial adaptations P6nauds Helicopters Two examples Dandricux models Smithsonian collection years Might Langley have brought Although constructed nearly 40 rubberpowered models before 1893 experimented wide variety configurations Langley achieved limited success can share frustration recalled wings general flat some cases curved rubber usually wound about 100 turns trou ble continually arose its kinldng une qual unwinding often caused erratic flights Langley also encountered frequent breakages After reading Pnauds 13-second duration planophore flight candidly wrote have never obtained good result rubber motor added longest flights obtainable did exceed six eight sec onds time nor 80 100 feet distance brief owing spas modic action rubber other causes ir regular extremely difficult obtain imperfect results actually de duced what would certainly appear have retrogressive move Langley turned during 1895 models powered rubber tension surprisingly gave poor results com plex weighty mechanisms models still exist Smithsonian collection Langley also considered rejected power plants employing gunpowder hot water com pressed air electricity carbon dioxide before achieving some success steam fi nally gasoline 1896 steam-powered Aero drome identified No 5 suggests revised numbering system unrelated rubber-driven model series Langley planophore type During 1920s Paul Garber now historian emeritus Ramsey Fellow National Air Space Museum touring Langleys long-dormant shop building Smithsonian Institution Among paraphernalia old model planophore configuration Garber asked es BLIILD*CD*MODELS* am sOll making wsId famous histonic inc modet plans aailable Foim 1/32 5/C C/L F/F ubben stetjo Ill tlnem anymt,e145t plans Real choiCe items Ask old time model 0500 ohotolanhle youaelt long, send Si * fo te CleoolandSesignd piotoojal catalog booklet bannially illustated pioe list St Foeign odd St Al MaiL Non I, Sam day seeioe hOot no dealoo enteR museums [Edund 7 Panku,d4ticlicn Bnl -innd CLEVELAND MODEL & SUPPLY 7B Dotnoit Cloteland OH 44102V-* TOURNAMENT CHAMPIONS Finals Las Vegas NVNov 9-11 Special Discounted Airfare Call Irene Gerny CONTEMPORARY TRAVEL 800-3360033 Outside NYS 516-360-3663 NYS 190 Model Aviation Leader Small Airfoil Technology ort Mr Cole its origin Cole didnt know Ut SUrmiSed Langley might have obtained uring visits France Langleys own account Langley ifemoir Mechanical Flight can establish unaware planophores until least 887 some seven years after Pnauds death hat rules out possibility bought aodel Pnaud himself some have sug ested know however Langley rought back internal combustion engine aris 1900s years after rubber owered model experiments Its plausible ie might have purchased unidentified model t same time Another possibility model may have een Langleys own similar Aerodrome No 1 long series tested letter written author May 16 1988 Paul Garber com nented detail may determine whether ts original Pnaud copy made Lang ey member crewhe about half lozen expert craftsmen working himis its ongitudinal tubular metal Pnaud nay well have chosen material want say ts original Pnaud cant authenticate t Among people worked Langley luring 1895 Augustus Moore Herring mown have successfully designed flown ubber-powered models early 1893 Might e have fabricated planophore type Although itrong personality differences prevented two nen working together harmony Herring s said have designed built steam engines Ahich powered two Langleys aerodrome mod ls information tantalizing subject nay eventually surface Whatever origin Smithsonian planophore type its fascinat ing artifact photos have widely published Ehe Christy Magrath planophores dedicated talented model builders modern times Christy Magrath Christy per sonally examined Smithsonian planophore type documented drawings de scriptions Inked Walt Schroder illus Irations published article entitled After Alphonse May 1955 Model 4irplane News According Magrath model has bamboo surface members covered rice taper horizontal tail features wire mci lence adjustment device seen other pIano thore illustrations also has triangular verti al tail wing has no ribs distinctive onfiguration bent wood propeller notation drawing states Purchased y Dr S P Langley Paris 1871 ourse odds Langleys own record Memoir Magrath must have un tware discrepancy same page Model Airplane News irticle sketches traditional pIano hore making comparisons exceptionally easy Christy also constructed number pIano hore reproductions some flown ne display models donated Air orce Museum Dayton OH Another half-size lanophore presented former Model Air lane News Model Aviation editor Bill Winter kindly supplied photo raph Del Gattos planophores Also featured 4ay 1955 Model Airplane News article Paul E Del Gatto featured construction Irawings two planophores 1871 con riguration second employing modern techContinued page 192 U U I U U U U I I I I I I U U U U U U U U U U I I I U U U U I I I I I I I I BIG GLOW FUEL MANUFACTURED WITH THE PUREST FINEST QUALITY INGREDIENTS AVAILABLE * Superior Igniters Improve starting idle acceleration Youll notice power bargain fuels * 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soeth 4814 wing spas 0 lbs oh SIC odble [sodlog Gear OCDF2ggg 1 soale44 length 3210 span lb. mIx fEC 3-t oh IlIC g end AK-720 toss ecDF-tesggg One-Third Scale Piper TH-Pacer PA-22 2386 C25-2556 fr 1/3 Scale Piper Cub 1-3 ~7tIS wIng opso e gO leogob 5C302engines f2ggt Quarter Scale WWI SE-5A egr -- wing span 2220 sq wing area 70 22 engines RCQS7 6 SPAD C-XIII Ye span 21 20 sq wing area1 31031 engines Capable flyer captures inragination RCOS-h 6 FOKKER DR-i TRIPLANE 72 wing opax e 1772 sq ix wing area 70 100 engines RCOS-0 6 SOPWITH CAMEL F1 84 wing span- 2150 sq wiog ares e 11 ho wix RIC usood Ir baiss consouchon ocar 65 sq ft drawings RCOS-tl 6 Quarter Scale WWI Fokker D-VIINew 2 Hg uvingpon 2220 vs WiOo OrOO 00 2h cid nvginn oh bs hCOS h 5 Foil contilever wings no flying wirool Removal ongine unit Shocb mounted landing gear Oalnatplyorood fuselage built-op bloss wing Sill Effinger Founding Mnerber AMA NFFS Hell Fames Fri von aro fur vomyinte plons nub asnonrOly ft dotailod yarru juts PLEASE ADD 0208 for shippino Iweilins tuhel Now 1980 P100 Solo broohurO 0150 Iretundoblo yr Irrot urderli WE TECHNICAL SERVICES Ro 1 Box 2900 Santa Rosa Beach FL 32459 niques materials vintage version rubber winder-woundr exceeded 45 Seconds durationr updated pIano phore achieved 80-second flights indoors Reg Parhams planophore 1964 English man Reg Parham constructed planophore type model aviation history demonstrations model features bamboo flight surfaces flat-plate airfoils shellacked silk covering motor stick spruce propeller blades turkey tail feathers Weighing same Pnauds original model has achieved outdoor flights 40-second duration Bill Hannans planophore own reproduc tion constructed during 1978 inspired Southern California Antique Model Plane Soci ety SCAMPS contest pusher models pre war design Certainly Pnauds planophore quali fies score Balsa seemed contrary spirit historical modeling model constructed primarily basswood ever Japanese tissue employed covering since neighborhood hobby shop fresh out goldbeaters skin finished product weighed 16 grams approximately equal Pnauds planophores small effort involved construction amply rewarded enthusiastic comments fellow competi tors also helped adjust model also its garnering third-place trophy satisfy curiosity planophore also flown few times its vertical tail yes did fly however much greater care launching required During Flightmasters West Indoor contest model proxy flown Curtiss Walt Mooney officially timed flight 58 sec onds especially satisfying since P& naud himself sent planophore England during 1874 flown friend Thomas J Bennett Truly history does repeat itself name Charles Alphonse Penaud has forgorten does remarkable con tribution model aeronautics live pages history books street 20th district native city also bears name Addition ally FAI committee international aero modeling presents award Pnauds honor diploma originally proposed Hans J Meier Germany presented outstanding na tional international modelers characteristic modestyand little poetryPnaud prophesied planophore III II ASSES Washable Rugged Cap Sunglasses Flip Up/Down Adjust In/Out Snap On/Off Imprints Available IUltra Violet ProtectedI IPlease send _____________ caps Ive enclosedI I@ $795 plus $2 shipping handlingI ILens Colors 0 Amber El Smoke blueI Cap Colors El Black El White El Yellow El Green El Navy blue El Royal blue aroon []Grey ElRedI II El Please send information about imprinting lPLtA5t PRINT INumeI AddressI 1CityI StutnZip ________ RETURN WITH CHECK OR MONEY ORDER ONLY TO PIN-NIK SALES PO Box 647 RavenBa OH 44256 L 192 Model Aviation demonstrates possibilities stable equilib rium heart air promise grea machines considerable swiftness coule see life heart air today References research life work Alphonse Pnaud has long ongoing study Numer ous books periodicals have consulted yielded fragmentary informa tion useful references Alphonse Pnaud Aeroplane Automoteur lAeronaute Jan 1872 T J Bennett Notes France EleventA Annual Report Aeronautical Society oj Great Britain 1876 Octave Chanut Progress Flying Machine3 1894 Paul E Del Gatto Pgnauds Planophore Model Airplane News May 1955 Charles Dollfus Alphonse P6naud Icare Re vue de Aviation Francais No 38 1966 B far single comprehensive work available Continued page 194 ~~1~~I 209 645 5535 GOLDEN GATE HOBBIES PO BOX 27001 FRESNO CAUFORNIA 93729 M/C OR COD HA TORI TETTRA DIQICON IMMSK HATORI BLUEPRINT SHOWS ALL EXHAUST ITEMS FULL SIZE 2FT X 4FT $ 5 WE WANT NEW DEALERS I! HATORI 650 LONG PIPE $4350 TO DEALERS CATALOG $ 200 OR FREE Th ORDERS CHECK EM BOTH OUT NEW STARHAWK BIPLANE NEW MISS STARHAWK POSTER See your Starhawk Dealer tar details write Thorpe Engineering Corporation 1715 E Fairfield Mesa AZ 85203 Poster $500 P&H Prepaid 1300 A/C BUMP NEW 12113 FT LONG OUTSTANDING CONTROL MORE POWER KIT $3500O NEW GENESIS RIC FLY/IC WI/IC CL/MR 59 INCH WINWPAN EANI LAUNCH CUW SOAR TART KIT 2-3CM iUNTO FLY RUBBER POWER KITS-SUPPLIE PEANUT SCALE ANDREASONPIPER CUB MUSTANG ZERO PIETENPOL LACY GIPSY MOTHCOUGER RUBBER SPORT FLVING ACE MOTH *996 BOSTONIAN PUP *695 PRAIRIE BIRD 16 *896 ROG 1ST MODEL 8205 NOSE BEARINGS BRASS WASHERS PROPS 4TO 9 RUBBER TAN DUMMY CYL CLEAR VINTAGE WHEELS 300 PLANS TISSUEMANY MORE KITS COS ENGINES HUNGERFORD SILK L SPOKED WHEELS COMPLETE CATALOG $200 Penaud/Hannan Continued page 192 about Pnaud accomplishments S P Langley Experiments Small Mod els Langley Memoir Mechanical Flight Part 11911 S P Langley Flying Machine McClures Magazine June 1897 Article re printed Last Can Fly George Hardie Jr md] Christy Magrath After Alphonse Model Airplane News May 1955 Robert B Meyer Jr Langleys Model Aero En gine 1903 1976 Volume compiled Rob ert B Meyer Jr Nigel Mills Pnaud World War Aero April 1983 Reg Parham Indoor Vintage SAM 35 Year book Dec 1982 Pearl Young Alphonse Penauds Letters Aeronautics 1968 addition made use dozens letters historians enthusiasts patiently assisted encouraged research efforts Grateful thanks G James Alaback John J Brown L M Conover Paul E Garber Eugene Husting Herbert Kelley L S McCready Richard Mil ler Curtiss Walt Mooney Leonard Op dycke Richard Padgham Hewitt Viola Phil lips Bertram Pond Dick Seely Tom Schmitt Bill Warner Herbert K Weiss William Winter USA Assistance England supplied late C H Gibbs-Smith via Leonard Opdycke Ken McDonough J Bagley Peter Mann via Philip Jarrett also furnished additional material Pnauds own homeland France special appreciation George Chau let J F Frugoli Alain Parmentier anyone has overlooked sincere apologies Toledo/Berman Continued page 80 crutches Nothing much assured Just skiing accident Certainly wish Ivans recovery AMAs crew Toledo deserves mention setting up platoon leader Bob Underwood seen toting crates cases considered too heavy him handle Bob familiar readers magazine AMAs technical director former St Louis schoolteacher explained present job administrator refers specific technical problems qualified experts available added has fellows phone numbers good will superbusy spot show transmit ter checking station $10000 instrument called spectrum analyzer draws graph transmitters behavior grid su perimposed graph tells technician transmitter rated gold silver k Dave Hilsenhoff Warren Plohr Larry Dungan members AMA Fre quency Committee faithfully manned post three fellows have probably forgotten ever knew about mysterious world waves No female Navy personseven though Dave Larry received electronics degrees serving Un cle Sams boys girls blue Another matured whiz kid ran ledo Texan Bob Elliot Bob E E K Logitrol former RC radio manufacturer invented transistorized three-wire servo made possible truly proportional sets take granted today Also Bobs THE SUPERIOR GLOW PLUGS GO FAST FL YERS ARE BACK! Puts sting engine Unique flat-wound spiral coil element high temperature glass-to-metal seal add up faster ignition increased RPM 1/2A GloBee plugs designed exclusively 049/051 Cox engines Ask tar new GB-5RX Speed Plug GB-5R Racing Plug GB-5P Sport Plug local dealer today unavailable locally write call Twinn-K collect tor pricing delivery intormation FREE GloEee Catalog MAKE THE GLOBEE INDY CONNECTION Twinn-K Inc 10296 W Washington St Indianapolis IN 46231 Telephone 317-839-6579 FAX 317-839-8928 IRON temps vary day Stop guessing & buy handy Pocket Thermometer CeNIERrr credit expanded-scale voltmeter Only ledo provides opportunity meet such pion eers Casually attired Toledo visitor K Leroy Irvis conceals identity brilliant lawyer speaker emeritus Pennsylvania House Represen tatives genial confidant kings com moners alike speak Leroy avid OldTimer modeler staunch supporter hobby met up him taking delivery new Brown Jr model engine Yes thats right new Brown Jr Herb WahI Forkesville PA another su perbly talented citizen modeling world Hes retired Boeing aeronautical engineer has piloted own full-scale Piper Comanche married hang glider enthusiast also fell love early gasoline model engines today one-man engine factory turning out repli cas Brown Jr Hurleman Ohlsson Bunch higher quality originals Theres waiting list Herbs products Ohioan Miles Reed known over East one-man air show retired postal inspector Miles has hobby mere 38 years attended first Nats Willow Grove 1965 Seven RC clubs proudly list him life mem ber MilCs brought 6-ft 4-in-tall grandson Neil Solomon Toledo parcels out ad vice Sure talent model building flying nice serious diligent practice will go further Its will counts Soft-southern-drawled Pattern champion Steve Helms told us Futaba will provide narrowband update service some its older RC sys tems beginning next October Steve holds Ham license number WA6NLK acquired broad radio knowledge through superinten sive home study done after-work hours over three-year period Bobby Tom Airtronics proudly showed us prototype drape-shape transmitter like some others houses microcomputer syn thesized frequencies arrangement allows fliers change channels quickiy easily field system may also tnctuoe scanner will blow whistle tooclose radio waves such dirty pagers Although Hedda does endorse commercial products Airtronics system represents design philoso phy will undoubtedly fan out other forward-thinking radio manufacturers Due peculiar interspaced radio channeling some RC frequencies may prove hazardous especially certain metropolitan areas itself could dictate multifrequency sets economic neces sity Mike Barbee very personable Columbus ce Continued page 196 194 Model Aviation BOX 710399-MASANTEE CA 92072 qi wq.qyff5ff TEL 619 448-1818FAX 619 448-1833
Edition: Model Aviation - 1990/08
Page Numbers: 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 190, 191, 192, 194
today early French pioneer flying models opened doors both modeling full-size aviation story still makes fascinating reading today U Bill Hannan THE STORY Charles Alphonse Pnaud pronounced pay-know early pioneer model airplanes deserves better known fact 19th-century Frenchman may have influential modeler time Born 1850 Paris Nnaud expected carry family tradition career maritime service However complications severe hip injury rendered him phys ically unfit naval service Obliged walk crutches young age plagued discomfort short life Mild modest nature Pnaud also something wunderkind quisitive Leonardo da Vinci inter ests included bird flight balloons ballistics mathematics meteorology high-speed pho tography hydrodynamics rocketry aero dynamics much Ualike theoreticians Alphonse ability re duce complex abstract ideas simple terms demonstrate practical hardware 1876 Pnaud partner Paul Gauchot designed patented innova tive full-size aircraft flying wing also featured such astonishingly advanced con cepts retractable landing gear enclosed cockpit extensive instrumentation automatic pilot Pnaud made frequent use models aerodynamic experiments conclu sively proved low-risk low-cost ad vantages So successful models fact Pnaud rather resented some contemporaries un able equal results Although experimented kites well model Helicopters Ornithop drawing executed Bill Noonan de picts Charles Alphonse P6naud launching rubber-powered models called planophore hip injury youth incapacitated him short life ters discussion will concentrate nauds model airplanes called planophores Unfortunately brilliant Frenchman never able gain financial support encouragement carry out ideas vital inventor frustration compounded failing health drove Pnaud deep depression 1880 30 years age ended own life depriving aeronautical world its talented experiment ers Tragic Alphonse Pnauds 7 Penaud Plan op hores August 1990 63 Silk covered wire rotors Bow string power Al V V V V V V 4 IP6nauds own sketch L AERONAUTE Jan 1 1872 P6naud Helicopter 1870 Commercial lv reproduced Antoin Breguet pilnes Bird Gliders MODELES DAEROPLANES 1910 Reproductions early Helicopter bird glider drawings Including three P6naud-deslgned Helicopters Produced between 1870 1874 Helicopters achieved some success flight durations up 26 seconds some hovering ability became quite popular time several variations commercially manufactured toys Wright brothers came possess lifework aviation least lost original concepts designs influ ence beyond generation surviving achievements other pathbreakers inspired Among scions P& nauds aeronautical genius two young fellows named Wilbur Orville Wright Penauds experiments model aviation wide-ranging addition cate gory models named plano phores young Frenchman designed flew Ornithopters Helicopters Al though have unable locate illus trations Nnaud also flew kites would welcome assistance readers may know existence illus trations Pnauds kites liest aeronautical experiments Historical ac counts suggest first constructed re constructed model Helicopter yin tage Launoy Bienvenu type de vice employed bow-and-string arrange ment power contrarotating silk-covered wire rotors Its duration extremely brief performance impressive era Though Englishman Sir George Cayley produced similar model fea turing bird feather rotors 1795 Nnaud didnt learn about until years after own experiments Other experimenters tried clockspring-powered Helicopters disap pointing results machines .par took character aerial som mersault true flight no sooner commenced ascend spring run down screws stopped After investigating existing con cepts Pdnaud conceived single farreaching idea wound rubber motor Its important note made no claim having invented rubber powerand correct ly Indian rubber caoutchouc French employed flying models Pierre Jullien 1858 proposed Sir George Cayley earlier However mechanisms depended upon rubber 64 Model Aviation Launoy 8 lenvenue Helicopter 1784 Pnaud Helicopter 18701874 Helicopters among Nnauds earThe Bill Hannan planophore full flight model built 1978 motivated contest pusher-type models prewar design certainly qualified prewari C 11 AB 3 H 33view drawings P4naud letter T J Bennett December 3 1874 CD -I P6nauds own QH cr6B 2view LAERONAUTE January 1 1872 IINAa N FLIGHT May 27 1911 0 Harold Beer sketch AEROMODEL NG Ray Malmstrom 1961 DE LAERONAUTIQUE Dol Ifus Bouche 1942 Source unknown based upon LA NATURE engraving / 41 Could4 function PROGRESS IN FLYING MACHINES Octave Chanute 1894 AEROMODELES J Gulllemard 1961 Optical illusion August 1990 65 Albert TissandierLA NATURE engraving Aerornodelling AERONAUTICS 'N N K N Model Aviation -- n David Jr FLYING ACES 1942 9 Drawing based upon Smithsonian Institution Planophore type otograph found Langleys workshop Paul GaroerNote similarities during 1920sNo 11 Langley Aerodrome MECHANIX LLUSTRATED Reproduced LA NAVIGATION AERIENNE JLecornu 1903Original Source unknown Reproduced BRIEF HISTORY OF FLYING C H GibbsSmith 1967 U TABLEAU DAVIATION EDieuaide 1880 Also AIRCRAFT 1913 VOLKSBUCHER DER TECHNIK FLUGZEUGE CIRCA 1913 LANGLEY MEMOIR ON MECHANICAL FLIGHT Langley Manley SmIthsonian InstItutIon 1911 CMODEL AVIATION Langleys No 11 \ K CLURES MAGAZINE S P Langley article June 1897 drawings represent some research conducted Samuel Pierpont Langley thIrd secretary Smithsonian Institution rubber-powered flight met limited success several nearly 40 models built closely resembled P6nauds designs C H [I 0 Aerodrome Bill Hannan strip stretched lengthwise tension around revolving spool spindle capable storing tremendous power method offered brief duration ex erted considerable strain machinery consequently needed strong heavy contrast Pnauds innovation em ployed rubber strands torsion twisted allowing simpler lighter airframes ex tended duration Although moderate performance todays standards Pnauds little Helicop ters sensational 1870 yielding flight durations 15 26 seconds demonstrating some hovering ability Delighted audiences applauded clever models soon adapted com mercial manufacture playthings widely marketed Among eventu ally received such flying toy young Wilbur Orville Wright pianophores Alphonse turned attention fixed-wing flight tunate knowing Joseph M Pline skilled design tiny paper oi seaus birds papillons butterflies Pline painstakingly determined princi ples balance incidence dihedral gles providing automatic equilibrium essential Free Flight models combining improved variations Plines self-stabilizing features own rubber-in-torsion motors Pnaud created series simple model airplane designs called planophores experimented contrarotating pro pellers minimize torque influences soon discovered much easier ways achieving similar results Simply adding small amount ballast models wing tip and/or setting wing panel slightly greater incidence angle other worked effectively counteracting torque Pnaud also tried tractor front mounted propellers though favored single pusher propeller protection event collisions Although Pnaud tested multiple blades preferred two-bladed arrangements simplicity damage resistance since could lie flat during landing didnt want complicate models increase weight landing gear educational entertainment value Pnauds models resoundingly prov en during 1871 outdoor public demon strations Paris famous Gardens Tuiler ies inside beautiful Horticultural Hall demonstrations brought much favorable publicity both planophores creator Although planophores constructed P6naud associates various forms different styles diverse re sults successful fliers seem have spanned 18 24 18-inspan example about 4-in wing root chord 20-in-long fuselage stick 8in-dia propeller blades generally made paper sometimes bird feathers front rear motor hooks steel wire wings constructed bird feather quills pinned together covered goldbeaters skin Dihedral either shallow V form achieved simply curving wing tips gracefully upward wing assembly could slid along fuselage stick adjust balance inci dence angles individual wing panels could altered similarly constructed horizontal tail also adjustable inci dence its tips could raised added stability Some planophores equipped vertical tailplane Pnaud likened steering function provided ships rudder tailplane rarely ever shown early illustrations Wait Mooney launching Bill Hannans pianophore Fiightmasters West indoor contest Wait proxy-flew Bills pianophore officially clocked 58-second flight model weighs 16 grams about equal P6naud original its built basswood tissue covered August 1990 67 beautifully executed display model photographed Frank Scott P6naud planophore built Christy Magrath dedicated talented model builders modern times donated US Air Force Museum Wright-Patterson AFB Dayton OH late Charles Dollfus renowned exhausted French aviation historian noted de- Total weight 18-in-span plano scription Pdnauds planophores phore 16 grams little under could add vertical rudder seems imply provided optional accessory An account Progress Flying Machines Octave Cha nut confirms assumption least case Pdnauds Garden Tuileries demon strator Chanute tells us ided hor izontally small vertical rudder shown figure flew several times circle falling gently ground near its starting point power rubber thirdfive gramssupplied rubber motor Flight durations ranging 11 13 seconds documented dis tances 130 200 feet Considering year 1871 thats bad Illustrations planophores aviation tory books commonplace theyre seldom examined carefully Though first glance may seem look alike have encountered amazing variety such illustrations course re search article arranged gether differences among ob vious partial explanation after variety planophore config urations built Individual interpretations different artists probably added varia tion still oldest published planophore draw ings aware appeared January 1 1872 issue lAeronaute Drawn Pnaud himself sketches obviously freehand simplified intended provide readers general idea rather convey technical accu racy example top view omits wing stabilizer ribs well vertical tail although Nnaud specifically mentions latter written description addi tion side view proportions dont ex actly correspond top view again criticism can leveled modem three-view drawings Possibly earliest artistic planophore il lustration published la Nature April 17 1875 engraving credited two artists Albert Tissandier second name illegible Two different plan ophores depicted first seen di rect top view features gracefully curved trailing edges inner wing roots other model shown distorted perspec tive heavily scalloped trailing edges straight wing roots background engraving muddy de leted later copies greater clarity would seem majority subse quent planophore drawings simplified rehashes 1875 engraving vari ety subtle subtle changes made copying process probably reflected individual artists talent lack thereofl well degree tech nical orientation Note instance propeller hooks missing some illustrations Latter-day planophores Interest P& nauds fascinating flying machines has con tinued present reproductions Pnaud Planophores have built some actual flying others mu seum displays conversation pieces Lets take look some models people have helped sustain interest unique airplanes Aerodromes Samuel Pierpont Langley third secretary Smithsonian Insti tution accomplished scientist astronomer became interested aerial nav igation about 1886 During 1887 six years after Pnauds death Langley em barked upon study free-flying mod els collectively termed aero dromes did initially know Pd nauds planophore designs clearly docu mented Langley Memoir Mechan ical Flight device attracted little no tice unfamiliar beContinued page 190 68 Model Aviation half-size display planophore photographed Frank Pierce also built Christy Magrath Bill Winter former editor Model Aviation magazineThe model has nine-inch wingspan wooden fuselage stick twisted metal strips simuiste rubber motor Available black red white sizes 1$325 2375 21/4425 2V2475 Spinners new Master Airscrew spinner series features aluminum backplate true running cones made engineering grade nylon strength resist starter burn spinners easily mounted two screws custom fit Master Airscrew propellers black red white See Hobby Dealer MASTER AIRSCREW propellers accessories WINDSOR PROPELLER CO 3219 Monier Circle Rancho Cordova CA 95742 Embry-omatic/De Loach Continued page 186 dope applied Once tissue properly shrunk warps removed surfaces can doped 50/50 mixture dope thinner well plasticized castor oil TCP tri-creosol phosphate four drops per ounce dope/thinner Assembly Glue %2 balsa shim under wing leading edge correct incidence shown plan Youll notice wing rubberbanded #10 rubberbands place rather glued may glue prefer popoff wing surely does help inevitable rough landings DT dethermalizer also optional al though strongly recommend installing Dont let models small size its Embryo status fool underestimating its perform ance potentialand consequent need dether malizer Like gutsy flier model will fol low wherever good thermal leadsin other words 005 out-of-sight Another reason dethermalizer enables adjust decalage small shims under trailing edge stabilizer rest case Before rigging stabilizer fuselage rudders subrudder youre building must glued place Embellishing model wheel pants make sure wheels rotate freely inside cock pit details windscreen headrest exhaust pipes made aluminum tubing CyAd place greatly improves appearance ex haust pipes shown plans exact placement unimportant As described ear lier detailing model will also earn bonus points Bend shaft seven-inch Peck gray plastic prop using reverse S-hook made /32 music wire Flying Its best start motor youll probably end up Use 25-in loop %-in rubber noted plan model built light should have motor should give excellent results Install motor balance model CG center-of-gravity location marked plan Add clay nose until balance achieved Test glide model over soft grass during calm early morning evening Adjust sta bilizer shims until airplane settles nsce floating glide Induce gentle right left glide turn adjusting rudder accordingly well wind about hundred turns first powered flight Gradually work way up more turns mak ing adjustments necessary Youll probably have put little downthrust did power builds up Also youll need shim little right left thrust model will circle un der power Try both right left thrust will work better other model haves differently Once again try everything see what works best model excitement really begins once model balanced trimmed flying correctly Now its time see just Embry-omatically airplane performsand believe perform word new FAI Model Supply tan rubber Im able crank 2500 turns yielding motor run easily minute half kind power dont forget light DT fuse Any questions about Embry-omatic may addressed author 3428 Bryn Mawr Dal las TX 75225 Suppliers Peck-Polymers PO Box 2498 La Mesa CA 92041 tissue props glue Old Timer Model Supply PO Box 7334 Van Nuys CA 91409 tissue wood wire props Champion Model Products 880 Carmen Court La Verne CA 91750 wood tissue DT fuse thodonix bands rubber lube FAI Model Supply PO Box 3957 Torrance CA 90510 rubber Bob Wilder 2010 Boston Irving TX 75061 201 winder Join NFFS today Penaud/Hannan Continued page 68 gan own first constructions Alleghany 1887 Langley did learn Pnaud 1872 1 Aeronaure article adopted Pnaud concepts some own aerodrome models Langleys planophore-type designs identi fled Aerodrome No 11 illustrated both drawing photograph Memoir Curiously Langley seems have employec twisted rubber power earliest models Perhaps may have learned some Francois Dandrieux butterflies widely marketed early 1879 would poetic justice indeed since butter flies commercial adaptations P6nauds Helicopters Two examples Dandricux models Smithsonian collection years Might Langley have brought Although constructed nearly 40 rubberpowered models before 1893 experimented wide variety configurations Langley achieved limited success can share frustration recalled wings general flat some cases curved rubber usually wound about 100 turns trou ble continually arose its kinldng une qual unwinding often caused erratic flights Langley also encountered frequent breakages After reading Pnauds 13-second duration planophore flight candidly wrote have never obtained good result rubber motor added longest flights obtainable did exceed six eight sec onds time nor 80 100 feet distance brief owing spas modic action rubber other causes ir regular extremely difficult obtain imperfect results actually de duced what would certainly appear have retrogressive move Langley turned during 1895 models powered rubber tension surprisingly gave poor results com plex weighty mechanisms models still exist Smithsonian collection Langley also considered rejected power plants employing gunpowder hot water com pressed air electricity carbon dioxide before achieving some success steam fi nally gasoline 1896 steam-powered Aero drome identified No 5 suggests revised numbering system unrelated rubber-driven model series Langley planophore type During 1920s Paul Garber now historian emeritus Ramsey Fellow National Air Space Museum touring Langleys long-dormant shop building Smithsonian Institution Among paraphernalia old model planophore configuration Garber asked es BLIILD*CD*MODELS* am sOll making wsId famous histonic inc modet plans aailable Foim 1/32 5/C C/L F/F ubben stetjo Ill tlnem anymt,e145t plans Real choiCe items Ask old time model 0500 ohotolanhle youaelt long, send Si * fo te CleoolandSesignd piotoojal catalog booklet bannially illustated pioe list St Foeign odd St Al MaiL Non I, Sam day seeioe hOot no dealoo enteR museums [Edund 7 Panku,d4ticlicn Bnl -innd CLEVELAND MODEL & SUPPLY 7B Dotnoit Cloteland OH 44102V-* TOURNAMENT CHAMPIONS Finals Las Vegas NVNov 9-11 Special Discounted Airfare Call Irene Gerny CONTEMPORARY TRAVEL 800-3360033 Outside NYS 516-360-3663 NYS 190 Model Aviation Leader Small Airfoil Technology ort Mr Cole its origin Cole didnt know Ut SUrmiSed Langley might have obtained uring visits France Langleys own account Langley ifemoir Mechanical Flight can establish unaware planophores until least 887 some seven years after Pnauds death hat rules out possibility bought aodel Pnaud himself some have sug ested know however Langley rought back internal combustion engine aris 1900s years after rubber owered model experiments Its plausible ie might have purchased unidentified model t same time Another possibility model may have een Langleys own similar Aerodrome No 1 long series tested letter written author May 16 1988 Paul Garber com nented detail may determine whether ts original Pnaud copy made Lang ey member crewhe about half lozen expert craftsmen working himis its ongitudinal tubular metal Pnaud nay well have chosen material want say ts original Pnaud cant authenticate t Among people worked Langley luring 1895 Augustus Moore Herring mown have successfully designed flown ubber-powered models early 1893 Might e have fabricated planophore type Although itrong personality differences prevented two nen working together harmony Herring s said have designed built steam engines Ahich powered two Langleys aerodrome mod ls information tantalizing subject nay eventually surface Whatever origin Smithsonian planophore type its fascinat ing artifact photos have widely published Ehe Christy Magrath planophores dedicated talented model builders modern times Christy Magrath Christy per sonally examined Smithsonian planophore type documented drawings de scriptions Inked Walt Schroder illus Irations published article entitled After Alphonse May 1955 Model 4irplane News According Magrath model has bamboo surface members covered rice taper horizontal tail features wire mci lence adjustment device seen other pIano thore illustrations also has triangular verti al tail wing has no ribs distinctive onfiguration bent wood propeller notation drawing states Purchased y Dr S P Langley Paris 1871 ourse odds Langleys own record Memoir Magrath must have un tware discrepancy same page Model Airplane News irticle sketches traditional pIano hore making comparisons exceptionally easy Christy also constructed number pIano hore reproductions some flown ne display models donated Air orce Museum Dayton OH Another half-size lanophore presented former Model Air lane News Model Aviation editor Bill Winter kindly supplied photo raph Del Gattos planophores Also featured 4ay 1955 Model Airplane News article Paul E Del Gatto featured construction Irawings two planophores 1871 con riguration second employing modern techContinued page 192 U U I U U U U I I I I I I U U U U U U U U U U I I I U U U U I I I I I I I I BIG GLOW FUEL MANUFACTURED WITH THE PUREST FINEST QUALITY INGREDIENTS AVAILABLE * Superior Igniters Improve starting idle acceleration Youll notice power bargain fuels * 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soeth 4814 wing spas 0 lbs oh SIC odble [sodlog Gear OCDF2ggg 1 soale44 length 3210 span lb. mIx fEC 3-t oh IlIC g end AK-720 toss ecDF-tesggg One-Third Scale Piper TH-Pacer PA-22 2386 C25-2556 fr 1/3 Scale Piper Cub 1-3 ~7tIS wIng opso e gO leogob 5C302engines f2ggt Quarter Scale WWI SE-5A egr -- wing span 2220 sq wing area 70 22 engines RCQS7 6 SPAD C-XIII Ye span 21 20 sq wing area1 31031 engines Capable flyer captures inragination RCOS-h 6 FOKKER DR-i TRIPLANE 72 wing opax e 1772 sq ix wing area 70 100 engines RCOS-0 6 SOPWITH CAMEL F1 84 wing span- 2150 sq wiog ares e 11 ho wix RIC usood Ir baiss consouchon ocar 65 sq ft drawings RCOS-tl 6 Quarter Scale WWI Fokker D-VIINew 2 Hg uvingpon 2220 vs WiOo OrOO 00 2h cid nvginn oh bs hCOS h 5 Foil contilever wings no flying wirool Removal ongine unit Shocb mounted landing gear Oalnatplyorood fuselage built-op bloss wing Sill Effinger Founding Mnerber AMA NFFS Hell Fames Fri von aro fur vomyinte plons nub asnonrOly ft dotailod yarru juts PLEASE ADD 0208 for shippino Iweilins tuhel Now 1980 P100 Solo broohurO 0150 Iretundoblo yr Irrot urderli WE TECHNICAL SERVICES Ro 1 Box 2900 Santa Rosa Beach FL 32459 niques materials vintage version rubber winder-woundr exceeded 45 Seconds durationr updated pIano phore achieved 80-second flights indoors Reg Parhams planophore 1964 English man Reg Parham constructed planophore type model aviation history demonstrations model features bamboo flight surfaces flat-plate airfoils shellacked silk covering motor stick spruce propeller blades turkey tail feathers Weighing same Pnauds original model has achieved outdoor flights 40-second duration Bill Hannans planophore own reproduc tion constructed during 1978 inspired Southern California Antique Model Plane Soci ety SCAMPS contest pusher models pre war design Certainly Pnauds planophore quali fies score Balsa seemed contrary spirit historical modeling model constructed primarily basswood ever Japanese tissue employed covering since neighborhood hobby shop fresh out goldbeaters skin finished product weighed 16 grams approximately equal Pnauds planophores small effort involved construction amply rewarded enthusiastic comments fellow competi tors also helped adjust model also its garnering third-place trophy satisfy curiosity planophore also flown few times its vertical tail yes did fly however much greater care launching required During Flightmasters West Indoor contest model proxy flown Curtiss Walt Mooney officially timed flight 58 sec onds especially satisfying since P& naud himself sent planophore England during 1874 flown friend Thomas J Bennett Truly history does repeat itself name Charles Alphonse Penaud has forgorten does remarkable con tribution model aeronautics live pages history books street 20th district native city also bears name Addition ally FAI committee international aero modeling presents award Pnauds honor diploma originally proposed Hans J Meier Germany presented outstanding na tional international modelers characteristic modestyand little poetryPnaud prophesied planophore III II ASSES Washable Rugged Cap Sunglasses Flip Up/Down Adjust In/Out Snap On/Off Imprints Available IUltra Violet ProtectedI IPlease send _____________ caps Ive enclosedI I@ $795 plus $2 shipping handlingI ILens Colors 0 Amber El Smoke blueI Cap Colors El Black El White El Yellow El Green El Navy blue El Royal blue aroon []Grey ElRedI II El Please send information about imprinting lPLtA5t PRINT INumeI AddressI 1CityI StutnZip ________ RETURN WITH CHECK OR MONEY ORDER ONLY TO PIN-NIK SALES PO Box 647 RavenBa OH 44256 L 192 Model Aviation demonstrates possibilities stable equilib rium heart air promise grea machines considerable swiftness coule see life heart air today References research life work Alphonse Pnaud has long ongoing study Numer ous books periodicals have consulted yielded fragmentary informa tion useful references Alphonse Pnaud Aeroplane Automoteur lAeronaute Jan 1872 T J Bennett Notes France EleventA Annual Report Aeronautical Society oj Great Britain 1876 Octave Chanut Progress Flying Machine3 1894 Paul E Del Gatto Pgnauds Planophore Model Airplane News May 1955 Charles Dollfus Alphonse P6naud Icare Re vue de Aviation Francais No 38 1966 B far single comprehensive work available Continued page 194 ~~1~~I 209 645 5535 GOLDEN GATE HOBBIES PO BOX 27001 FRESNO CAUFORNIA 93729 M/C OR COD HA TORI TETTRA DIQICON IMMSK HATORI BLUEPRINT SHOWS ALL EXHAUST ITEMS FULL SIZE 2FT X 4FT $ 5 WE WANT NEW DEALERS I! HATORI 650 LONG PIPE $4350 TO DEALERS CATALOG $ 200 OR FREE Th ORDERS CHECK EM BOTH OUT NEW STARHAWK BIPLANE NEW MISS STARHAWK POSTER See your Starhawk Dealer tar details write Thorpe Engineering Corporation 1715 E Fairfield Mesa AZ 85203 Poster $500 P&H Prepaid 1300 A/C BUMP NEW 12113 FT LONG OUTSTANDING CONTROL MORE POWER KIT $3500O NEW GENESIS RIC FLY/IC WI/IC CL/MR 59 INCH WINWPAN EANI LAUNCH CUW SOAR TART KIT 2-3CM iUNTO FLY RUBBER POWER KITS-SUPPLIE PEANUT SCALE ANDREASONPIPER CUB MUSTANG ZERO PIETENPOL LACY GIPSY MOTHCOUGER RUBBER SPORT FLVING ACE MOTH *996 BOSTONIAN PUP *695 PRAIRIE BIRD 16 *896 ROG 1ST MODEL 8205 NOSE BEARINGS BRASS WASHERS PROPS 4TO 9 RUBBER TAN DUMMY CYL CLEAR VINTAGE WHEELS 300 PLANS TISSUEMANY MORE KITS COS ENGINES HUNGERFORD SILK L SPOKED WHEELS COMPLETE CATALOG $200 Penaud/Hannan Continued page 192 about Pnaud accomplishments S P Langley Experiments Small Mod els Langley Memoir Mechanical Flight Part 11911 S P Langley Flying Machine McClures Magazine June 1897 Article re printed Last Can Fly George Hardie Jr md] Christy Magrath After Alphonse Model Airplane News May 1955 Robert B Meyer Jr Langleys Model Aero En gine 1903 1976 Volume compiled Rob ert B Meyer Jr Nigel Mills Pnaud World War Aero April 1983 Reg Parham Indoor Vintage SAM 35 Year book Dec 1982 Pearl Young Alphonse Penauds Letters Aeronautics 1968 addition made use dozens letters historians enthusiasts patiently assisted encouraged research efforts Grateful thanks G James Alaback John J Brown L M Conover Paul E Garber Eugene Husting Herbert Kelley L S McCready Richard Mil ler Curtiss Walt Mooney Leonard Op dycke Richard Padgham Hewitt Viola Phil lips Bertram Pond Dick Seely Tom Schmitt Bill Warner Herbert K Weiss William Winter USA Assistance England supplied late C H Gibbs-Smith via Leonard Opdycke Ken McDonough J Bagley Peter Mann via Philip Jarrett also furnished additional material Pnauds own homeland France special appreciation George Chau let J F Frugoli Alain Parmentier anyone has overlooked sincere apologies Toledo/Berman Continued page 80 crutches Nothing much assured Just skiing accident Certainly wish Ivans recovery AMAs crew Toledo deserves mention setting up platoon leader Bob Underwood seen toting crates cases considered too heavy him handle Bob familiar readers magazine AMAs technical director former St Louis schoolteacher explained present job administrator refers specific technical problems qualified experts available added has fellows phone numbers good will superbusy spot show transmit ter checking station $10000 instrument called spectrum analyzer draws graph transmitters behavior grid su perimposed graph tells technician transmitter rated gold silver k Dave Hilsenhoff Warren Plohr Larry Dungan members AMA Fre quency Committee faithfully manned post three fellows have probably forgotten ever knew about mysterious world waves No female Navy personseven though Dave Larry received electronics degrees serving Un cle Sams boys girls blue Another matured whiz kid ran ledo Texan Bob Elliot Bob E E K Logitrol former RC radio manufacturer invented transistorized three-wire servo made possible truly proportional sets take granted today Also Bobs THE SUPERIOR GLOW PLUGS GO FAST FL YERS ARE BACK! Puts sting engine Unique flat-wound spiral coil element high temperature glass-to-metal seal add up faster ignition increased RPM 1/2A GloBee plugs designed exclusively 049/051 Cox engines Ask tar new GB-5RX Speed Plug GB-5R Racing Plug GB-5P Sport Plug local dealer today unavailable locally write call Twinn-K collect tor pricing delivery intormation FREE GloEee Catalog MAKE THE GLOBEE INDY CONNECTION Twinn-K Inc 10296 W Washington St Indianapolis IN 46231 Telephone 317-839-6579 FAX 317-839-8928 IRON temps vary day Stop guessing & buy handy Pocket Thermometer CeNIERrr credit expanded-scale voltmeter Only ledo provides opportunity meet such pion eers Casually attired Toledo visitor K Leroy Irvis conceals identity brilliant lawyer speaker emeritus Pennsylvania House Represen tatives genial confidant kings com moners alike speak Leroy avid OldTimer modeler staunch supporter hobby met up him taking delivery new Brown Jr model engine Yes thats right new Brown Jr Herb WahI Forkesville PA another su perbly talented citizen modeling world Hes retired Boeing aeronautical engineer has piloted own full-scale Piper Comanche married hang glider enthusiast also fell love early gasoline model engines today one-man engine factory turning out repli cas Brown Jr Hurleman Ohlsson Bunch higher quality originals Theres waiting list Herbs products Ohioan Miles Reed known over East one-man air show retired postal inspector Miles has hobby mere 38 years attended first Nats Willow Grove 1965 Seven RC clubs proudly list him life mem ber MilCs brought 6-ft 4-in-tall grandson Neil Solomon Toledo parcels out ad vice Sure talent model building flying nice serious diligent practice will go further Its will counts Soft-southern-drawled Pattern champion Steve Helms told us Futaba will provide narrowband update service some its older RC sys tems beginning next October Steve holds Ham license number WA6NLK acquired broad radio knowledge through superinten sive home study done after-work hours over three-year period Bobby Tom Airtronics proudly showed us prototype drape-shape transmitter like some others houses microcomputer syn thesized frequencies arrangement allows fliers change channels quickiy easily field system may also tnctuoe scanner will blow whistle tooclose radio waves such dirty pagers Although Hedda does endorse commercial products Airtronics system represents design philoso phy will undoubtedly fan out other forward-thinking radio manufacturers Due peculiar interspaced radio channeling some RC frequencies may prove hazardous especially certain metropolitan areas itself could dictate multifrequency sets economic neces sity Mike Barbee very personable Columbus ce Continued page 196 194 Model Aviation BOX 710399-MASANTEE CA 92072 qi wq.qyff5ff TEL 619 448-1818FAX 619 448-1833
Edition: Model Aviation - 1990/08
Page Numbers: 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 190, 191, 192, 194
today early French pioneer flying models opened doors both modeling full-size aviation story still makes fascinating reading today U Bill Hannan THE STORY Charles Alphonse Pnaud pronounced pay-know early pioneer model airplanes deserves better known fact 19th-century Frenchman may have influential modeler time Born 1850 Paris Nnaud expected carry family tradition career maritime service However complications severe hip injury rendered him phys ically unfit naval service Obliged walk crutches young age plagued discomfort short life Mild modest nature Pnaud also something wunderkind quisitive Leonardo da Vinci inter ests included bird flight balloons ballistics mathematics meteorology high-speed pho tography hydrodynamics rocketry aero dynamics much Ualike theoreticians Alphonse ability re duce complex abstract ideas simple terms demonstrate practical hardware 1876 Pnaud partner Paul Gauchot designed patented innova tive full-size aircraft flying wing also featured such astonishingly advanced con cepts retractable landing gear enclosed cockpit extensive instrumentation automatic pilot Pnaud made frequent use models aerodynamic experiments conclu sively proved low-risk low-cost ad vantages So successful models fact Pnaud rather resented some contemporaries un able equal results Although experimented kites well model Helicopters Ornithop drawing executed Bill Noonan de picts Charles Alphonse P6naud launching rubber-powered models called planophore hip injury youth incapacitated him short life ters discussion will concentrate nauds model airplanes called planophores Unfortunately brilliant Frenchman never able gain financial support encouragement carry out ideas vital inventor frustration compounded failing health drove Pnaud deep depression 1880 30 years age ended own life depriving aeronautical world its talented experiment ers Tragic Alphonse Pnauds 7 Penaud Plan op hores August 1990 63 Silk covered wire rotors Bow string power Al V V V V V V 4 IP6nauds own sketch L AERONAUTE Jan 1 1872 P6naud Helicopter 1870 Commercial lv reproduced Antoin Breguet pilnes Bird Gliders MODELES DAEROPLANES 1910 Reproductions early Helicopter bird glider drawings Including three P6naud-deslgned Helicopters Produced between 1870 1874 Helicopters achieved some success flight durations up 26 seconds some hovering ability became quite popular time several variations commercially manufactured toys Wright brothers came possess lifework aviation least lost original concepts designs influ ence beyond generation surviving achievements other pathbreakers inspired Among scions P& nauds aeronautical genius two young fellows named Wilbur Orville Wright Penauds experiments model aviation wide-ranging addition cate gory models named plano phores young Frenchman designed flew Ornithopters Helicopters Al though have unable locate illus trations Nnaud also flew kites would welcome assistance readers may know existence illus trations Pnauds kites liest aeronautical experiments Historical ac counts suggest first constructed re constructed model Helicopter yin tage Launoy Bienvenu type de vice employed bow-and-string arrange ment power contrarotating silk-covered wire rotors Its duration extremely brief performance impressive era Though Englishman Sir George Cayley produced similar model fea turing bird feather rotors 1795 Nnaud didnt learn about until years after own experiments Other experimenters tried clockspring-powered Helicopters disap pointing results machines .par took character aerial som mersault true flight no sooner commenced ascend spring run down screws stopped After investigating existing con cepts Pdnaud conceived single farreaching idea wound rubber motor Its important note made no claim having invented rubber powerand correct ly Indian rubber caoutchouc French employed flying models Pierre Jullien 1858 proposed Sir George Cayley earlier However mechanisms depended upon rubber 64 Model Aviation Launoy 8 lenvenue Helicopter 1784 Pnaud Helicopter 18701874 Helicopters among Nnauds earThe Bill Hannan planophore full flight model built 1978 motivated contest pusher-type models prewar design certainly qualified prewari C 11 AB 3 H 33view drawings P4naud letter T J Bennett December 3 1874 CD -I P6nauds own QH cr6B 2view LAERONAUTE January 1 1872 IINAa N FLIGHT May 27 1911 0 Harold Beer sketch AEROMODEL NG Ray Malmstrom 1961 DE LAERONAUTIQUE Dol Ifus Bouche 1942 Source unknown based upon LA NATURE engraving / 41 Could4 function PROGRESS IN FLYING MACHINES Octave Chanute 1894 AEROMODELES J Gulllemard 1961 Optical illusion August 1990 65 Albert TissandierLA NATURE engraving Aerornodelling AERONAUTICS 'N N K N Model Aviation -- n David Jr FLYING ACES 1942 9 Drawing based upon Smithsonian Institution Planophore type otograph found Langleys workshop Paul GaroerNote similarities during 1920sNo 11 Langley Aerodrome MECHANIX LLUSTRATED Reproduced LA NAVIGATION AERIENNE JLecornu 1903Original Source unknown Reproduced BRIEF HISTORY OF FLYING C H GibbsSmith 1967 U TABLEAU DAVIATION EDieuaide 1880 Also AIRCRAFT 1913 VOLKSBUCHER DER TECHNIK FLUGZEUGE CIRCA 1913 LANGLEY MEMOIR ON MECHANICAL FLIGHT Langley Manley SmIthsonian InstItutIon 1911 CMODEL AVIATION Langleys No 11 \ K CLURES MAGAZINE S P Langley article June 1897 drawings represent some research conducted Samuel Pierpont Langley thIrd secretary Smithsonian Institution rubber-powered flight met limited success several nearly 40 models built closely resembled P6nauds designs C H [I 0 Aerodrome Bill Hannan strip stretched lengthwise tension around revolving spool spindle capable storing tremendous power method offered brief duration ex erted considerable strain machinery consequently needed strong heavy contrast Pnauds innovation em ployed rubber strands torsion twisted allowing simpler lighter airframes ex tended duration Although moderate performance todays standards Pnauds little Helicop ters sensational 1870 yielding flight durations 15 26 seconds demonstrating some hovering ability Delighted audiences applauded clever models soon adapted com mercial manufacture playthings widely marketed Among eventu ally received such flying toy young Wilbur Orville Wright pianophores Alphonse turned attention fixed-wing flight tunate knowing Joseph M Pline skilled design tiny paper oi seaus birds papillons butterflies Pline painstakingly determined princi ples balance incidence dihedral gles providing automatic equilibrium essential Free Flight models combining improved variations Plines self-stabilizing features own rubber-in-torsion motors Pnaud created series simple model airplane designs called planophores experimented contrarotating pro pellers minimize torque influences soon discovered much easier ways achieving similar results Simply adding small amount ballast models wing tip and/or setting wing panel slightly greater incidence angle other worked effectively counteracting torque Pnaud also tried tractor front mounted propellers though favored single pusher propeller protection event collisions Although Pnaud tested multiple blades preferred two-bladed arrangements simplicity damage resistance since could lie flat during landing didnt want complicate models increase weight landing gear educational entertainment value Pnauds models resoundingly prov en during 1871 outdoor public demon strations Paris famous Gardens Tuiler ies inside beautiful Horticultural Hall demonstrations brought much favorable publicity both planophores creator Although planophores constructed P6naud associates various forms different styles diverse re sults successful fliers seem have spanned 18 24 18-inspan example about 4-in wing root chord 20-in-long fuselage stick 8in-dia propeller blades generally made paper sometimes bird feathers front rear motor hooks steel wire wings constructed bird feather quills pinned together covered goldbeaters skin Dihedral either shallow V form achieved simply curving wing tips gracefully upward wing assembly could slid along fuselage stick adjust balance inci dence angles individual wing panels could altered similarly constructed horizontal tail also adjustable inci dence its tips could raised added stability Some planophores equipped vertical tailplane Pnaud likened steering function provided ships rudder tailplane rarely ever shown early illustrations Wait Mooney launching Bill Hannans pianophore Fiightmasters West indoor contest Wait proxy-flew Bills pianophore officially clocked 58-second flight model weighs 16 grams about equal P6naud original its built basswood tissue covered August 1990 67 beautifully executed display model photographed Frank Scott P6naud planophore built Christy Magrath dedicated talented model builders modern times donated US Air Force Museum Wright-Patterson AFB Dayton OH late Charles Dollfus renowned exhausted French aviation historian noted de- Total weight 18-in-span plano scription Pdnauds planophores phore 16 grams little under could add vertical rudder seems imply provided optional accessory An account Progress Flying Machines Octave Cha nut confirms assumption least case Pdnauds Garden Tuileries demon strator Chanute tells us ided hor izontally small vertical rudder shown figure flew several times circle falling gently ground near its starting point power rubber thirdfive gramssupplied rubber motor Flight durations ranging 11 13 seconds documented dis tances 130 200 feet Considering year 1871 thats bad Illustrations planophores aviation tory books commonplace theyre seldom examined carefully Though first glance may seem look alike have encountered amazing variety such illustrations course re search article arranged gether differences among ob vious partial explanation after variety planophore config urations built Individual interpretations different artists probably added varia tion still oldest published planophore draw ings aware appeared January 1 1872 issue lAeronaute Drawn Pnaud himself sketches obviously freehand simplified intended provide readers general idea rather convey technical accu racy example top view omits wing stabilizer ribs well vertical tail although Nnaud specifically mentions latter written description addi tion side view proportions dont ex actly correspond top view again criticism can leveled modem three-view drawings Possibly earliest artistic planophore il lustration published la Nature April 17 1875 engraving credited two artists Albert Tissandier second name illegible Two different plan ophores depicted first seen di rect top view features gracefully curved trailing edges inner wing roots other model shown distorted perspec tive heavily scalloped trailing edges straight wing roots background engraving muddy de leted later copies greater clarity would seem majority subse quent planophore drawings simplified rehashes 1875 engraving vari ety subtle subtle changes made copying process probably reflected individual artists talent lack thereofl well degree tech nical orientation Note instance propeller hooks missing some illustrations Latter-day planophores Interest P& nauds fascinating flying machines has con tinued present reproductions Pnaud Planophores have built some actual flying others mu seum displays conversation pieces Lets take look some models people have helped sustain interest unique airplanes Aerodromes Samuel Pierpont Langley third secretary Smithsonian Insti tution accomplished scientist astronomer became interested aerial nav igation about 1886 During 1887 six years after Pnauds death Langley em barked upon study free-flying mod els collectively termed aero dromes did initially know Pd nauds planophore designs clearly docu mented Langley Memoir Mechan ical Flight device attracted little no tice unfamiliar beContinued page 190 68 Model Aviation half-size display planophore photographed Frank Pierce also built Christy Magrath Bill Winter former editor Model Aviation magazineThe model has nine-inch wingspan wooden fuselage stick twisted metal strips simuiste rubber motor Available black red white sizes 1$325 2375 21/4425 2V2475 Spinners new Master Airscrew spinner series features aluminum backplate true running cones made engineering grade nylon strength resist starter burn spinners easily mounted two screws custom fit Master Airscrew propellers black red white See Hobby Dealer MASTER AIRSCREW propellers accessories WINDSOR PROPELLER CO 3219 Monier Circle Rancho Cordova CA 95742 Embry-omatic/De Loach Continued page 186 dope applied Once tissue properly shrunk warps removed surfaces can doped 50/50 mixture dope thinner well plasticized castor oil TCP tri-creosol phosphate four drops per ounce dope/thinner Assembly Glue %2 balsa shim under wing leading edge correct incidence shown plan Youll notice wing rubberbanded #10 rubberbands place rather glued may glue prefer popoff wing surely does help inevitable rough landings DT dethermalizer also optional al though strongly recommend installing Dont let models small size its Embryo status fool underestimating its perform ance potentialand consequent need dether malizer Like gutsy flier model will fol low wherever good thermal leadsin other words 005 out-of-sight Another reason dethermalizer enables adjust decalage small shims under trailing edge stabilizer rest case Before rigging stabilizer fuselage rudders subrudder youre building must glued place Embellishing model wheel pants make sure wheels rotate freely inside cock pit details windscreen headrest exhaust pipes made aluminum tubing CyAd place greatly improves appearance ex haust pipes shown plans exact placement unimportant As described ear lier detailing model will also earn bonus points Bend shaft seven-inch Peck gray plastic prop using reverse S-hook made /32 music wire Flying Its best start motor youll probably end up Use 25-in loop %-in rubber noted plan model built light should have motor should give excellent results Install motor balance model CG center-of-gravity location marked plan Add clay nose until balance achieved Test glide model over soft grass during calm early morning evening Adjust sta bilizer shims until airplane settles nsce floating glide Induce gentle right left glide turn adjusting rudder accordingly well wind about hundred turns first powered flight Gradually work way up more turns mak ing adjustments necessary Youll probably have put little downthrust did power builds up Also youll need shim little right left thrust model will circle un der power Try both right left thrust will work better other model haves differently Once again try everything see what works best model excitement really begins once model balanced trimmed flying correctly Now its time see just Embry-omatically airplane performsand believe perform word new FAI Model Supply tan rubber Im able crank 2500 turns yielding motor run easily minute half kind power dont forget light DT fuse Any questions about Embry-omatic may addressed author 3428 Bryn Mawr Dal las TX 75225 Suppliers Peck-Polymers PO Box 2498 La Mesa CA 92041 tissue props glue Old Timer Model Supply PO Box 7334 Van Nuys CA 91409 tissue wood wire props Champion Model Products 880 Carmen Court La Verne CA 91750 wood tissue DT fuse thodonix bands rubber lube FAI Model Supply PO Box 3957 Torrance CA 90510 rubber Bob Wilder 2010 Boston Irving TX 75061 201 winder Join NFFS today Penaud/Hannan Continued page 68 gan own first constructions Alleghany 1887 Langley did learn Pnaud 1872 1 Aeronaure article adopted Pnaud concepts some own aerodrome models Langleys planophore-type designs identi fled Aerodrome No 11 illustrated both drawing photograph Memoir Curiously Langley seems have employec twisted rubber power earliest models Perhaps may have learned some Francois Dandrieux butterflies widely marketed early 1879 would poetic justice indeed since butter flies commercial adaptations P6nauds Helicopters Two examples Dandricux models Smithsonian collection years Might Langley have brought Although constructed nearly 40 rubberpowered models before 1893 experimented wide variety configurations Langley achieved limited success can share frustration recalled wings general flat some cases curved rubber usually wound about 100 turns trou ble continually arose its kinldng une qual unwinding often caused erratic flights Langley also encountered frequent breakages After reading Pnauds 13-second duration planophore flight candidly wrote have never obtained good result rubber motor added longest flights obtainable did exceed six eight sec onds time nor 80 100 feet distance brief owing spas modic action rubber other causes ir regular extremely difficult obtain imperfect results actually de duced what would certainly appear have retrogressive move Langley turned during 1895 models powered rubber tension surprisingly gave poor results com plex weighty mechanisms models still exist Smithsonian collection Langley also considered rejected power plants employing gunpowder hot water com pressed air electricity carbon dioxide before achieving some success steam fi nally gasoline 1896 steam-powered Aero drome identified No 5 suggests revised numbering system unrelated rubber-driven model series Langley planophore type During 1920s Paul Garber now historian emeritus Ramsey Fellow National Air Space Museum touring Langleys long-dormant shop building Smithsonian Institution Among paraphernalia old model planophore configuration Garber asked es BLIILD*CD*MODELS* am sOll making wsId famous histonic inc modet plans aailable Foim 1/32 5/C C/L F/F ubben stetjo Ill tlnem anymt,e145t plans Real choiCe items Ask old time model 0500 ohotolanhle youaelt long, send Si * fo te CleoolandSesignd piotoojal catalog booklet bannially illustated pioe list St Foeign odd St Al MaiL Non I, Sam day seeioe hOot no dealoo enteR museums [Edund 7 Panku,d4ticlicn Bnl -innd CLEVELAND MODEL & SUPPLY 7B Dotnoit Cloteland OH 44102V-* TOURNAMENT CHAMPIONS Finals Las Vegas NVNov 9-11 Special Discounted Airfare Call Irene Gerny CONTEMPORARY TRAVEL 800-3360033 Outside NYS 516-360-3663 NYS 190 Model Aviation Leader Small Airfoil Technology ort Mr Cole its origin Cole didnt know Ut SUrmiSed Langley might have obtained uring visits France Langleys own account Langley ifemoir Mechanical Flight can establish unaware planophores until least 887 some seven years after Pnauds death hat rules out possibility bought aodel Pnaud himself some have sug ested know however Langley rought back internal combustion engine aris 1900s years after rubber owered model experiments Its plausible ie might have purchased unidentified model t same time Another possibility model may have een Langleys own similar Aerodrome No 1 long series tested letter written author May 16 1988 Paul Garber com nented detail may determine whether ts original Pnaud copy made Lang ey member crewhe about half lozen expert craftsmen working himis its ongitudinal tubular metal Pnaud nay well have chosen material want say ts original Pnaud cant authenticate t Among people worked Langley luring 1895 Augustus Moore Herring mown have successfully designed flown ubber-powered models early 1893 Might e have fabricated planophore type Although itrong personality differences prevented two nen working together harmony Herring s said have designed built steam engines Ahich powered two Langleys aerodrome mod ls information tantalizing subject nay eventually surface Whatever origin Smithsonian planophore type its fascinat ing artifact photos have widely published Ehe Christy Magrath planophores dedicated talented model builders modern times Christy Magrath Christy per sonally examined Smithsonian planophore type documented drawings de scriptions Inked Walt Schroder illus Irations published article entitled After Alphonse May 1955 Model 4irplane News According Magrath model has bamboo surface members covered rice taper horizontal tail features wire mci lence adjustment device seen other pIano thore illustrations also has triangular verti al tail wing has no ribs distinctive onfiguration bent wood propeller notation drawing states Purchased y Dr S P Langley Paris 1871 ourse odds Langleys own record Memoir Magrath must have un tware discrepancy same page Model Airplane News irticle sketches traditional pIano hore making comparisons exceptionally easy Christy also constructed number pIano hore reproductions some flown ne display models donated Air orce Museum Dayton OH Another half-size lanophore presented former Model Air lane News Model Aviation editor Bill Winter kindly supplied photo raph Del Gattos planophores Also featured 4ay 1955 Model Airplane News article Paul E Del Gatto featured construction Irawings two planophores 1871 con riguration second employing modern techContinued page 192 U U I U U U U I I I I I I U U U U U U U U U U I I I U U U U I I I I I I I I BIG GLOW FUEL MANUFACTURED WITH THE PUREST FINEST QUALITY INGREDIENTS AVAILABLE * Superior Igniters Improve starting idle acceleration Youll notice power bargain fuels * 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soeth 4814 wing spas 0 lbs oh SIC odble [sodlog Gear OCDF2ggg 1 soale44 length 3210 span lb. mIx fEC 3-t oh IlIC g end AK-720 toss ecDF-tesggg One-Third Scale Piper TH-Pacer PA-22 2386 C25-2556 fr 1/3 Scale Piper Cub 1-3 ~7tIS wIng opso e gO leogob 5C302engines f2ggt Quarter Scale WWI SE-5A egr -- wing span 2220 sq wing area 70 22 engines RCQS7 6 SPAD C-XIII Ye span 21 20 sq wing area1 31031 engines Capable flyer captures inragination RCOS-h 6 FOKKER DR-i TRIPLANE 72 wing opax e 1772 sq ix wing area 70 100 engines RCOS-0 6 SOPWITH CAMEL F1 84 wing span- 2150 sq wiog ares e 11 ho wix RIC usood Ir baiss consouchon ocar 65 sq ft drawings RCOS-tl 6 Quarter Scale WWI Fokker D-VIINew 2 Hg uvingpon 2220 vs WiOo OrOO 00 2h cid nvginn oh bs hCOS h 5 Foil contilever wings no flying wirool Removal ongine unit Shocb mounted landing gear Oalnatplyorood fuselage built-op bloss wing Sill Effinger Founding Mnerber AMA NFFS Hell Fames Fri von aro fur vomyinte plons nub asnonrOly ft dotailod yarru juts PLEASE ADD 0208 for shippino Iweilins tuhel Now 1980 P100 Solo broohurO 0150 Iretundoblo yr Irrot urderli WE TECHNICAL SERVICES Ro 1 Box 2900 Santa Rosa Beach FL 32459 niques materials vintage version rubber winder-woundr exceeded 45 Seconds durationr updated pIano phore achieved 80-second flights indoors Reg Parhams planophore 1964 English man Reg Parham constructed planophore type model aviation history demonstrations model features bamboo flight surfaces flat-plate airfoils shellacked silk covering motor stick spruce propeller blades turkey tail feathers Weighing same Pnauds original model has achieved outdoor flights 40-second duration Bill Hannans planophore own reproduc tion constructed during 1978 inspired Southern California Antique Model Plane Soci ety SCAMPS contest pusher models pre war design Certainly Pnauds planophore quali fies score Balsa seemed contrary spirit historical modeling model constructed primarily basswood ever Japanese tissue employed covering since neighborhood hobby shop fresh out goldbeaters skin finished product weighed 16 grams approximately equal Pnauds planophores small effort involved construction amply rewarded enthusiastic comments fellow competi tors also helped adjust model also its garnering third-place trophy satisfy curiosity planophore also flown few times its vertical tail yes did fly however much greater care launching required During Flightmasters West Indoor contest model proxy flown Curtiss Walt Mooney officially timed flight 58 sec onds especially satisfying since P& naud himself sent planophore England during 1874 flown friend Thomas J Bennett Truly history does repeat itself name Charles Alphonse Penaud has forgorten does remarkable con tribution model aeronautics live pages history books street 20th district native city also bears name Addition ally FAI committee international aero modeling presents award Pnauds honor diploma originally proposed Hans J Meier Germany presented outstanding na tional international modelers characteristic modestyand little poetryPnaud prophesied planophore III II ASSES Washable Rugged Cap Sunglasses Flip Up/Down Adjust In/Out Snap On/Off Imprints Available IUltra Violet ProtectedI IPlease send _____________ caps Ive enclosedI I@ $795 plus $2 shipping handlingI ILens Colors 0 Amber El Smoke blueI Cap Colors El Black El White El Yellow El Green El Navy blue El Royal blue aroon []Grey ElRedI II El Please send information about imprinting lPLtA5t PRINT INumeI AddressI 1CityI StutnZip ________ RETURN WITH CHECK OR MONEY ORDER ONLY TO PIN-NIK SALES PO Box 647 RavenBa OH 44256 L 192 Model Aviation demonstrates possibilities stable equilib rium heart air promise grea machines considerable swiftness coule see life heart air today References research life work Alphonse Pnaud has long ongoing study Numer ous books periodicals have consulted yielded fragmentary informa tion useful references Alphonse Pnaud Aeroplane Automoteur lAeronaute Jan 1872 T J Bennett Notes France EleventA Annual Report Aeronautical Society oj Great Britain 1876 Octave Chanut Progress Flying Machine3 1894 Paul E Del Gatto Pgnauds Planophore Model Airplane News May 1955 Charles Dollfus Alphonse P6naud Icare Re vue de Aviation Francais No 38 1966 B far single comprehensive work available Continued page 194 ~~1~~I 209 645 5535 GOLDEN GATE HOBBIES PO BOX 27001 FRESNO CAUFORNIA 93729 M/C OR COD HA TORI TETTRA DIQICON IMMSK HATORI BLUEPRINT SHOWS ALL EXHAUST ITEMS FULL SIZE 2FT X 4FT $ 5 WE WANT NEW DEALERS I! HATORI 650 LONG PIPE $4350 TO DEALERS CATALOG $ 200 OR FREE Th ORDERS CHECK EM BOTH OUT NEW STARHAWK BIPLANE NEW MISS STARHAWK POSTER See your Starhawk Dealer tar details write Thorpe Engineering Corporation 1715 E Fairfield Mesa AZ 85203 Poster $500 P&H Prepaid 1300 A/C BUMP NEW 12113 FT LONG OUTSTANDING CONTROL MORE POWER KIT $3500O NEW GENESIS RIC FLY/IC WI/IC CL/MR 59 INCH WINWPAN EANI LAUNCH CUW SOAR TART KIT 2-3CM iUNTO FLY RUBBER POWER KITS-SUPPLIE PEANUT SCALE ANDREASONPIPER CUB MUSTANG ZERO PIETENPOL LACY GIPSY MOTHCOUGER RUBBER SPORT FLVING ACE MOTH *996 BOSTONIAN PUP *695 PRAIRIE BIRD 16 *896 ROG 1ST MODEL 8205 NOSE BEARINGS BRASS WASHERS PROPS 4TO 9 RUBBER TAN DUMMY CYL CLEAR VINTAGE WHEELS 300 PLANS TISSUEMANY MORE KITS COS ENGINES HUNGERFORD SILK L SPOKED WHEELS COMPLETE CATALOG $200 Penaud/Hannan Continued page 192 about Pnaud accomplishments S P Langley Experiments Small Mod els Langley Memoir Mechanical Flight Part 11911 S P Langley Flying Machine McClures Magazine June 1897 Article re printed Last Can Fly George Hardie Jr md] Christy Magrath After Alphonse Model Airplane News May 1955 Robert B Meyer Jr Langleys Model Aero En gine 1903 1976 Volume compiled Rob ert B Meyer Jr Nigel Mills Pnaud World War Aero April 1983 Reg Parham Indoor Vintage SAM 35 Year book Dec 1982 Pearl Young Alphonse Penauds Letters Aeronautics 1968 addition made use dozens letters historians enthusiasts patiently assisted encouraged research efforts Grateful thanks G James Alaback John J Brown L M Conover Paul E Garber Eugene Husting Herbert Kelley L S McCready Richard Mil ler Curtiss Walt Mooney Leonard Op dycke Richard Padgham Hewitt Viola Phil lips Bertram Pond Dick Seely Tom Schmitt Bill Warner Herbert K Weiss William Winter USA Assistance England supplied late C H Gibbs-Smith via Leonard Opdycke Ken McDonough J Bagley Peter Mann via Philip Jarrett also furnished additional material Pnauds own homeland France special appreciation George Chau let J F Frugoli Alain Parmentier anyone has overlooked sincere apologies Toledo/Berman Continued page 80 crutches Nothing much assured Just skiing accident Certainly wish Ivans recovery AMAs crew Toledo deserves mention setting up platoon leader Bob Underwood seen toting crates cases considered too heavy him handle Bob familiar readers magazine AMAs technical director former St Louis schoolteacher explained present job administrator refers specific technical problems qualified experts available added has fellows phone numbers good will superbusy spot show transmit ter checking station $10000 instrument called spectrum analyzer draws graph transmitters behavior grid su perimposed graph tells technician transmitter rated gold silver k Dave Hilsenhoff Warren Plohr Larry Dungan members AMA Fre quency Committee faithfully manned post three fellows have probably forgotten ever knew about mysterious world waves No female Navy personseven though Dave Larry received electronics degrees serving Un cle Sams boys girls blue Another matured whiz kid ran ledo Texan Bob Elliot Bob E E K Logitrol former RC radio manufacturer invented transistorized three-wire servo made possible truly proportional sets take granted today Also Bobs THE SUPERIOR GLOW PLUGS GO FAST FL YERS ARE BACK! Puts sting engine Unique flat-wound spiral coil element high temperature glass-to-metal seal add up faster ignition increased RPM 1/2A GloBee plugs designed exclusively 049/051 Cox engines Ask tar new GB-5RX Speed Plug GB-5R Racing Plug GB-5P Sport Plug local dealer today unavailable locally write call Twinn-K collect tor pricing delivery intormation FREE GloEee Catalog MAKE THE GLOBEE INDY CONNECTION Twinn-K Inc 10296 W Washington St Indianapolis IN 46231 Telephone 317-839-6579 FAX 317-839-8928 IRON temps vary day Stop guessing & buy handy Pocket Thermometer CeNIERrr credit expanded-scale voltmeter Only ledo provides opportunity meet such pion eers Casually attired Toledo visitor K Leroy Irvis conceals identity brilliant lawyer speaker emeritus Pennsylvania House Represen tatives genial confidant kings com moners alike speak Leroy avid OldTimer modeler staunch supporter hobby met up him taking delivery new Brown Jr model engine Yes thats right new Brown Jr Herb WahI Forkesville PA another su perbly talented citizen modeling world Hes retired Boeing aeronautical engineer has piloted own full-scale Piper Comanche married hang glider enthusiast also fell love early gasoline model engines today one-man engine factory turning out repli cas Brown Jr Hurleman Ohlsson Bunch higher quality originals Theres waiting list Herbs products Ohioan Miles Reed known over East one-man air show retired postal inspector Miles has hobby mere 38 years attended first Nats Willow Grove 1965 Seven RC clubs proudly list him life mem ber MilCs brought 6-ft 4-in-tall grandson Neil Solomon Toledo parcels out ad vice Sure talent model building flying nice serious diligent practice will go further Its will counts Soft-southern-drawled Pattern champion Steve Helms told us Futaba will provide narrowband update service some its older RC sys tems beginning next October Steve holds Ham license number WA6NLK acquired broad radio knowledge through superinten sive home study done after-work hours over three-year period Bobby Tom Airtronics proudly showed us prototype drape-shape transmitter like some others houses microcomputer syn thesized frequencies arrangement allows fliers change channels quickiy easily field system may also tnctuoe scanner will blow whistle tooclose radio waves such dirty pagers Although Hedda does endorse commercial products Airtronics system represents design philoso phy will undoubtedly fan out other forward-thinking radio manufacturers Due peculiar interspaced radio channeling some RC frequencies may prove hazardous especially certain metropolitan areas itself could dictate multifrequency sets economic neces sity Mike Barbee very personable Columbus ce Continued page 196 194 Model Aviation BOX 710399-MASANTEE CA 92072 qi wq.qyff5ff TEL 619 448-1818FAX 619 448-1833
Edition: Model Aviation - 1990/08
Page Numbers: 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 190, 191, 192, 194
today early French pioneer flying models opened doors both modeling full-size aviation story still makes fascinating reading today U Bill Hannan THE STORY Charles Alphonse Pnaud pronounced pay-know early pioneer model airplanes deserves better known fact 19th-century Frenchman may have influential modeler time Born 1850 Paris Nnaud expected carry family tradition career maritime service However complications severe hip injury rendered him phys ically unfit naval service Obliged walk crutches young age plagued discomfort short life Mild modest nature Pnaud also something wunderkind quisitive Leonardo da Vinci inter ests included bird flight balloons ballistics mathematics meteorology high-speed pho tography hydrodynamics rocketry aero dynamics much Ualike theoreticians Alphonse ability re duce complex abstract ideas simple terms demonstrate practical hardware 1876 Pnaud partner Paul Gauchot designed patented innova tive full-size aircraft flying wing also featured such astonishingly advanced con cepts retractable landing gear enclosed cockpit extensive instrumentation automatic pilot Pnaud made frequent use models aerodynamic experiments conclu sively proved low-risk low-cost ad vantages So successful models fact Pnaud rather resented some contemporaries un able equal results Although experimented kites well model Helicopters Ornithop drawing executed Bill Noonan de picts Charles Alphonse P6naud launching rubber-powered models called planophore hip injury youth incapacitated him short life ters discussion will concentrate nauds model airplanes called planophores Unfortunately brilliant Frenchman never able gain financial support encouragement carry out ideas vital inventor frustration compounded failing health drove Pnaud deep depression 1880 30 years age ended own life depriving aeronautical world its talented experiment ers Tragic Alphonse Pnauds 7 Penaud Plan op hores August 1990 63 Silk covered wire rotors Bow string power Al V V V V V V 4 IP6nauds own sketch L AERONAUTE Jan 1 1872 P6naud Helicopter 1870 Commercial lv reproduced Antoin Breguet pilnes Bird Gliders MODELES DAEROPLANES 1910 Reproductions early Helicopter bird glider drawings Including three P6naud-deslgned Helicopters Produced between 1870 1874 Helicopters achieved some success flight durations up 26 seconds some hovering ability became quite popular time several variations commercially manufactured toys Wright brothers came possess lifework aviation least lost original concepts designs influ ence beyond generation surviving achievements other pathbreakers inspired Among scions P& nauds aeronautical genius two young fellows named Wilbur Orville Wright Penauds experiments model aviation wide-ranging addition cate gory models named plano phores young Frenchman designed flew Ornithopters Helicopters Al though have unable locate illus trations Nnaud also flew kites would welcome assistance readers may know existence illus trations Pnauds kites liest aeronautical experiments Historical ac counts suggest first constructed re constructed model Helicopter yin tage Launoy Bienvenu type de vice employed bow-and-string arrange ment power contrarotating silk-covered wire rotors Its duration extremely brief performance impressive era Though Englishman Sir George Cayley produced similar model fea turing bird feather rotors 1795 Nnaud didnt learn about until years after own experiments Other experimenters tried clockspring-powered Helicopters disap pointing results machines .par took character aerial som mersault true flight no sooner commenced ascend spring run down screws stopped After investigating existing con cepts Pdnaud conceived single farreaching idea wound rubber motor Its important note made no claim having invented rubber powerand correct ly Indian rubber caoutchouc French employed flying models Pierre Jullien 1858 proposed Sir George Cayley earlier However mechanisms depended upon rubber 64 Model Aviation Launoy 8 lenvenue Helicopter 1784 Pnaud Helicopter 18701874 Helicopters among Nnauds earThe Bill Hannan planophore full flight model built 1978 motivated contest pusher-type models prewar design certainly qualified prewari C 11 AB 3 H 33view drawings P4naud letter T J Bennett December 3 1874 CD -I P6nauds own QH cr6B 2view LAERONAUTE January 1 1872 IINAa N FLIGHT May 27 1911 0 Harold Beer sketch AEROMODEL NG Ray Malmstrom 1961 DE LAERONAUTIQUE Dol Ifus Bouche 1942 Source unknown based upon LA NATURE engraving / 41 Could4 function PROGRESS IN FLYING MACHINES Octave Chanute 1894 AEROMODELES J Gulllemard 1961 Optical illusion August 1990 65 Albert TissandierLA NATURE engraving Aerornodelling AERONAUTICS 'N N K N Model Aviation -- n David Jr FLYING ACES 1942 9 Drawing based upon Smithsonian Institution Planophore type otograph found Langleys workshop Paul GaroerNote similarities during 1920sNo 11 Langley Aerodrome MECHANIX LLUSTRATED Reproduced LA NAVIGATION AERIENNE JLecornu 1903Original Source unknown Reproduced BRIEF HISTORY OF FLYING C H GibbsSmith 1967 U TABLEAU DAVIATION EDieuaide 1880 Also AIRCRAFT 1913 VOLKSBUCHER DER TECHNIK FLUGZEUGE CIRCA 1913 LANGLEY MEMOIR ON MECHANICAL FLIGHT Langley Manley SmIthsonian InstItutIon 1911 CMODEL AVIATION Langleys No 11 \ K CLURES MAGAZINE S P Langley article June 1897 drawings represent some research conducted Samuel Pierpont Langley thIrd secretary Smithsonian Institution rubber-powered flight met limited success several nearly 40 models built closely resembled P6nauds designs C H [I 0 Aerodrome Bill Hannan strip stretched lengthwise tension around revolving spool spindle capable storing tremendous power method offered brief duration ex erted considerable strain machinery consequently needed strong heavy contrast Pnauds innovation em ployed rubber strands torsion twisted allowing simpler lighter airframes ex tended duration Although moderate performance todays standards Pnauds little Helicop ters sensational 1870 yielding flight durations 15 26 seconds demonstrating some hovering ability Delighted audiences applauded clever models soon adapted com mercial manufacture playthings widely marketed Among eventu ally received such flying toy young Wilbur Orville Wright pianophores Alphonse turned attention fixed-wing flight tunate knowing Joseph M Pline skilled design tiny paper oi seaus birds papillons butterflies Pline painstakingly determined princi ples balance incidence dihedral gles providing automatic equilibrium essential Free Flight models combining improved variations Plines self-stabilizing features own rubber-in-torsion motors Pnaud created series simple model airplane designs called planophores experimented contrarotating pro pellers minimize torque influences soon discovered much easier ways achieving similar results Simply adding small amount ballast models wing tip and/or setting wing panel slightly greater incidence angle other worked effectively counteracting torque Pnaud also tried tractor front mounted propellers though favored single pusher propeller protection event collisions Although Pnaud tested multiple blades preferred two-bladed arrangements simplicity damage resistance since could lie flat during landing didnt want complicate models increase weight landing gear educational entertainment value Pnauds models resoundingly prov en during 1871 outdoor public demon strations Paris famous Gardens Tuiler ies inside beautiful Horticultural Hall demonstrations brought much favorable publicity both planophores creator Although planophores constructed P6naud associates various forms different styles diverse re sults successful fliers seem have spanned 18 24 18-inspan example about 4-in wing root chord 20-in-long fuselage stick 8in-dia propeller blades generally made paper sometimes bird feathers front rear motor hooks steel wire wings constructed bird feather quills pinned together covered goldbeaters skin Dihedral either shallow V form achieved simply curving wing tips gracefully upward wing assembly could slid along fuselage stick adjust balance inci dence angles individual wing panels could altered similarly constructed horizontal tail also adjustable inci dence its tips could raised added stability Some planophores equipped vertical tailplane Pnaud likened steering function provided ships rudder tailplane rarely ever shown early illustrations Wait Mooney launching Bill Hannans pianophore Fiightmasters West indoor contest Wait proxy-flew Bills pianophore officially clocked 58-second flight model weighs 16 grams about equal P6naud original its built basswood tissue covered August 1990 67 beautifully executed display model photographed Frank Scott P6naud planophore built Christy Magrath dedicated talented model builders modern times donated US Air Force Museum Wright-Patterson AFB Dayton OH late Charles Dollfus renowned exhausted French aviation historian noted de- Total weight 18-in-span plano scription Pdnauds planophores phore 16 grams little under could add vertical rudder seems imply provided optional accessory An account Progress Flying Machines Octave Cha nut confirms assumption least case Pdnauds Garden Tuileries demon strator Chanute tells us ided hor izontally small vertical rudder shown figure flew several times circle falling gently ground near its starting point power rubber thirdfive gramssupplied rubber motor Flight durations ranging 11 13 seconds documented dis tances 130 200 feet Considering year 1871 thats bad Illustrations planophores aviation tory books commonplace theyre seldom examined carefully Though first glance may seem look alike have encountered amazing variety such illustrations course re search article arranged gether differences among ob vious partial explanation after variety planophore config urations built Individual interpretations different artists probably added varia tion still oldest published planophore draw ings aware appeared January 1 1872 issue lAeronaute Drawn Pnaud himself sketches obviously freehand simplified intended provide readers general idea rather convey technical accu racy example top view omits wing stabilizer ribs well vertical tail although Nnaud specifically mentions latter written description addi tion side view proportions dont ex actly correspond top view again criticism can leveled modem three-view drawings Possibly earliest artistic planophore il lustration published la Nature April 17 1875 engraving credited two artists Albert Tissandier second name illegible Two different plan ophores depicted first seen di rect top view features gracefully curved trailing edges inner wing roots other model shown distorted perspec tive heavily scalloped trailing edges straight wing roots background engraving muddy de leted later copies greater clarity would seem majority subse quent planophore drawings simplified rehashes 1875 engraving vari ety subtle subtle changes made copying process probably reflected individual artists talent lack thereofl well degree tech nical orientation Note instance propeller hooks missing some illustrations Latter-day planophores Interest P& nauds fascinating flying machines has con tinued present reproductions Pnaud Planophores have built some actual flying others mu seum displays conversation pieces Lets take look some models people have helped sustain interest unique airplanes Aerodromes Samuel Pierpont Langley third secretary Smithsonian Insti tution accomplished scientist astronomer became interested aerial nav igation about 1886 During 1887 six years after Pnauds death Langley em barked upon study free-flying mod els collectively termed aero dromes did initially know Pd nauds planophore designs clearly docu mented Langley Memoir Mechan ical Flight device attracted little no tice unfamiliar beContinued page 190 68 Model Aviation half-size display planophore photographed Frank Pierce also built Christy Magrath Bill Winter former editor Model Aviation magazineThe model has nine-inch wingspan wooden fuselage stick twisted metal strips simuiste rubber motor Available black red white sizes 1$325 2375 21/4425 2V2475 Spinners new Master Airscrew spinner series features aluminum backplate true running cones made engineering grade nylon strength resist starter burn spinners easily mounted two screws custom fit Master Airscrew propellers black red white See Hobby Dealer MASTER AIRSCREW propellers accessories WINDSOR PROPELLER CO 3219 Monier Circle Rancho Cordova CA 95742 Embry-omatic/De Loach Continued page 186 dope applied Once tissue properly shrunk warps removed surfaces can doped 50/50 mixture dope thinner well plasticized castor oil TCP tri-creosol phosphate four drops per ounce dope/thinner Assembly Glue %2 balsa shim under wing leading edge correct incidence shown plan Youll notice wing rubberbanded #10 rubberbands place rather glued may glue prefer popoff wing surely does help inevitable rough landings DT dethermalizer also optional al though strongly recommend installing Dont let models small size its Embryo status fool underestimating its perform ance potentialand consequent need dether malizer Like gutsy flier model will fol low wherever good thermal leadsin other words 005 out-of-sight Another reason dethermalizer enables adjust decalage small shims under trailing edge stabilizer rest case Before rigging stabilizer fuselage rudders subrudder youre building must glued place Embellishing model wheel pants make sure wheels rotate freely inside cock pit details windscreen headrest exhaust pipes made aluminum tubing CyAd place greatly improves appearance ex haust pipes shown plans exact placement unimportant As described ear lier detailing model will also earn bonus points Bend shaft seven-inch Peck gray plastic prop using reverse S-hook made /32 music wire Flying Its best start motor youll probably end up Use 25-in loop %-in rubber noted plan model built light should have motor should give excellent results Install motor balance model CG center-of-gravity location marked plan Add clay nose until balance achieved Test glide model over soft grass during calm early morning evening Adjust sta bilizer shims until airplane settles nsce floating glide Induce gentle right left glide turn adjusting rudder accordingly well wind about hundred turns first powered flight Gradually work way up more turns mak ing adjustments necessary Youll probably have put little downthrust did power builds up Also youll need shim little right left thrust model will circle un der power Try both right left thrust will work better other model haves differently Once again try everything see what works best model excitement really begins once model balanced trimmed flying correctly Now its time see just Embry-omatically airplane performsand believe perform word new FAI Model Supply tan rubber Im able crank 2500 turns yielding motor run easily minute half kind power dont forget light DT fuse Any questions about Embry-omatic may addressed author 3428 Bryn Mawr Dal las TX 75225 Suppliers Peck-Polymers PO Box 2498 La Mesa CA 92041 tissue props glue Old Timer Model Supply PO Box 7334 Van Nuys CA 91409 tissue wood wire props Champion Model Products 880 Carmen Court La Verne CA 91750 wood tissue DT fuse thodonix bands rubber lube FAI Model Supply PO Box 3957 Torrance CA 90510 rubber Bob Wilder 2010 Boston Irving TX 75061 201 winder Join NFFS today Penaud/Hannan Continued page 68 gan own first constructions Alleghany 1887 Langley did learn Pnaud 1872 1 Aeronaure article adopted Pnaud concepts some own aerodrome models Langleys planophore-type designs identi fled Aerodrome No 11 illustrated both drawing photograph Memoir Curiously Langley seems have employec twisted rubber power earliest models Perhaps may have learned some Francois Dandrieux butterflies widely marketed early 1879 would poetic justice indeed since butter flies commercial adaptations P6nauds Helicopters Two examples Dandricux models Smithsonian collection years Might Langley have brought Although constructed nearly 40 rubberpowered models before 1893 experimented wide variety configurations Langley achieved limited success can share frustration recalled wings general flat some cases curved rubber usually wound about 100 turns trou ble continually arose its kinldng une qual unwinding often caused erratic flights Langley also encountered frequent breakages After reading Pnauds 13-second duration planophore flight candidly wrote have never obtained good result rubber motor added longest flights obtainable did exceed six eight sec onds time nor 80 100 feet distance brief owing spas modic action rubber other causes ir regular extremely difficult obtain imperfect results actually de duced what would certainly appear have retrogressive move Langley turned during 1895 models powered rubber tension surprisingly gave poor results com plex weighty mechanisms models still exist Smithsonian collection Langley also considered rejected power plants employing gunpowder hot water com pressed air electricity carbon dioxide before achieving some success steam fi nally gasoline 1896 steam-powered Aero drome identified No 5 suggests revised numbering system unrelated rubber-driven model series Langley planophore type During 1920s Paul Garber now historian emeritus Ramsey Fellow National Air Space Museum touring Langleys long-dormant shop building Smithsonian Institution Among paraphernalia old model planophore configuration Garber asked es BLIILD*CD*MODELS* am sOll making wsId famous histonic inc modet plans aailable Foim 1/32 5/C C/L F/F ubben stetjo Ill tlnem anymt,e145t plans Real choiCe items Ask old time model 0500 ohotolanhle youaelt long, send Si * fo te CleoolandSesignd piotoojal catalog booklet bannially illustated pioe list St Foeign odd St Al MaiL Non I, Sam day seeioe hOot no dealoo enteR museums [Edund 7 Panku,d4ticlicn Bnl -innd CLEVELAND MODEL & SUPPLY 7B Dotnoit Cloteland OH 44102V-* TOURNAMENT CHAMPIONS Finals Las Vegas NVNov 9-11 Special Discounted Airfare Call Irene Gerny CONTEMPORARY TRAVEL 800-3360033 Outside NYS 516-360-3663 NYS 190 Model Aviation Leader Small Airfoil Technology ort Mr Cole its origin Cole didnt know Ut SUrmiSed Langley might have obtained uring visits France Langleys own account Langley ifemoir Mechanical Flight can establish unaware planophores until least 887 some seven years after Pnauds death hat rules out possibility bought aodel Pnaud himself some have sug ested know however Langley rought back internal combustion engine aris 1900s years after rubber owered model experiments Its plausible ie might have purchased unidentified model t same time Another possibility model may have een Langleys own similar Aerodrome No 1 long series tested letter written author May 16 1988 Paul Garber com nented detail may determine whether ts original Pnaud copy made Lang ey member crewhe about half lozen expert craftsmen working himis its ongitudinal tubular metal Pnaud nay well have chosen material want say ts original Pnaud cant authenticate t Among people worked Langley luring 1895 Augustus Moore Herring mown have successfully designed flown ubber-powered models early 1893 Might e have fabricated planophore type Although itrong personality differences prevented two nen working together harmony Herring s said have designed built steam engines Ahich powered two Langleys aerodrome mod ls information tantalizing subject nay eventually surface Whatever origin Smithsonian planophore type its fascinat ing artifact photos have widely published Ehe Christy Magrath planophores dedicated talented model builders modern times Christy Magrath Christy per sonally examined Smithsonian planophore type documented drawings de scriptions Inked Walt Schroder illus Irations published article entitled After Alphonse May 1955 Model 4irplane News According Magrath model has bamboo surface members covered rice taper horizontal tail features wire mci lence adjustment device seen other pIano thore illustrations also has triangular verti al tail wing has no ribs distinctive onfiguration bent wood propeller notation drawing states Purchased y Dr S P Langley Paris 1871 ourse odds Langleys own record Memoir Magrath must have un tware discrepancy same page Model Airplane News irticle sketches traditional pIano hore making comparisons exceptionally easy Christy also constructed number pIano hore reproductions some flown ne display models donated Air orce Museum Dayton OH Another half-size lanophore presented former Model Air lane News Model Aviation editor Bill Winter kindly supplied photo raph Del Gattos planophores Also featured 4ay 1955 Model Airplane News article Paul E Del Gatto featured construction Irawings two planophores 1871 con riguration second employing modern techContinued page 192 U U I U U U U I I I I I I U U U U U U U U U U I I I U U U U I I I I I I I I BIG GLOW FUEL MANUFACTURED WITH THE PUREST FINEST QUALITY INGREDIENTS AVAILABLE * Superior Igniters Improve starting idle acceleration Youll notice power bargain fuels * 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soeth 4814 wing spas 0 lbs oh SIC odble [sodlog Gear OCDF2ggg 1 soale44 length 3210 span lb. mIx fEC 3-t oh IlIC g end AK-720 toss ecDF-tesggg One-Third Scale Piper TH-Pacer PA-22 2386 C25-2556 fr 1/3 Scale Piper Cub 1-3 ~7tIS wIng opso e gO leogob 5C302engines f2ggt Quarter Scale WWI SE-5A egr -- wing span 2220 sq wing area 70 22 engines RCQS7 6 SPAD C-XIII Ye span 21 20 sq wing area1 31031 engines Capable flyer captures inragination RCOS-h 6 FOKKER DR-i TRIPLANE 72 wing opax e 1772 sq ix wing area 70 100 engines RCOS-0 6 SOPWITH CAMEL F1 84 wing span- 2150 sq wiog ares e 11 ho wix RIC usood Ir baiss consouchon ocar 65 sq ft drawings RCOS-tl 6 Quarter Scale WWI Fokker D-VIINew 2 Hg uvingpon 2220 vs WiOo OrOO 00 2h cid nvginn oh bs hCOS h 5 Foil contilever wings no flying wirool Removal ongine unit Shocb mounted landing gear Oalnatplyorood fuselage built-op bloss wing Sill Effinger Founding Mnerber AMA NFFS Hell Fames Fri von aro fur vomyinte plons nub asnonrOly ft dotailod yarru juts PLEASE ADD 0208 for shippino Iweilins tuhel Now 1980 P100 Solo broohurO 0150 Iretundoblo yr Irrot urderli WE TECHNICAL SERVICES Ro 1 Box 2900 Santa Rosa Beach FL 32459 niques materials vintage version rubber winder-woundr exceeded 45 Seconds durationr updated pIano phore achieved 80-second flights indoors Reg Parhams planophore 1964 English man Reg Parham constructed planophore type model aviation history demonstrations model features bamboo flight surfaces flat-plate airfoils shellacked silk covering motor stick spruce propeller blades turkey tail feathers Weighing same Pnauds original model has achieved outdoor flights 40-second duration Bill Hannans planophore own reproduc tion constructed during 1978 inspired Southern California Antique Model Plane Soci ety SCAMPS contest pusher models pre war design Certainly Pnauds planophore quali fies score Balsa seemed contrary spirit historical modeling model constructed primarily basswood ever Japanese tissue employed covering since neighborhood hobby shop fresh out goldbeaters skin finished product weighed 16 grams approximately equal Pnauds planophores small effort involved construction amply rewarded enthusiastic comments fellow competi tors also helped adjust model also its garnering third-place trophy satisfy curiosity planophore also flown few times its vertical tail yes did fly however much greater care launching required During Flightmasters West Indoor contest model proxy flown Curtiss Walt Mooney officially timed flight 58 sec onds especially satisfying since P& naud himself sent planophore England during 1874 flown friend Thomas J Bennett Truly history does repeat itself name Charles Alphonse Penaud has forgorten does remarkable con tribution model aeronautics live pages history books street 20th district native city also bears name Addition ally FAI committee international aero modeling presents award Pnauds honor diploma originally proposed Hans J Meier Germany presented outstanding na tional international modelers characteristic modestyand little poetryPnaud prophesied planophore III II ASSES Washable Rugged Cap Sunglasses Flip Up/Down Adjust In/Out Snap On/Off Imprints Available IUltra Violet ProtectedI IPlease send _____________ caps Ive enclosedI I@ $795 plus $2 shipping handlingI ILens Colors 0 Amber El Smoke blueI Cap Colors El Black El White El Yellow El Green El Navy blue El Royal blue aroon []Grey ElRedI II El Please send information about imprinting lPLtA5t PRINT INumeI AddressI 1CityI StutnZip ________ RETURN WITH CHECK OR MONEY ORDER ONLY TO PIN-NIK SALES PO Box 647 RavenBa OH 44256 L 192 Model Aviation demonstrates possibilities stable equilib rium heart air promise grea machines considerable swiftness coule see life heart air today References research life work Alphonse Pnaud has long ongoing study Numer ous books periodicals have consulted yielded fragmentary informa tion useful references Alphonse Pnaud Aeroplane Automoteur lAeronaute Jan 1872 T J Bennett Notes France EleventA Annual Report Aeronautical Society oj Great Britain 1876 Octave Chanut Progress Flying Machine3 1894 Paul E Del Gatto Pgnauds Planophore Model Airplane News May 1955 Charles Dollfus Alphonse P6naud Icare Re vue de Aviation Francais No 38 1966 B far single comprehensive work available Continued page 194 ~~1~~I 209 645 5535 GOLDEN GATE HOBBIES PO BOX 27001 FRESNO CAUFORNIA 93729 M/C OR COD HA TORI TETTRA DIQICON IMMSK HATORI BLUEPRINT SHOWS ALL EXHAUST ITEMS FULL SIZE 2FT X 4FT $ 5 WE WANT NEW DEALERS I! HATORI 650 LONG PIPE $4350 TO DEALERS CATALOG $ 200 OR FREE Th ORDERS CHECK EM BOTH OUT NEW STARHAWK BIPLANE NEW MISS STARHAWK POSTER See your Starhawk Dealer tar details write Thorpe Engineering Corporation 1715 E Fairfield Mesa AZ 85203 Poster $500 P&H Prepaid 1300 A/C BUMP NEW 12113 FT LONG OUTSTANDING CONTROL MORE POWER KIT $3500O NEW GENESIS RIC FLY/IC WI/IC CL/MR 59 INCH WINWPAN EANI LAUNCH CUW SOAR TART KIT 2-3CM iUNTO FLY RUBBER POWER KITS-SUPPLIE PEANUT SCALE ANDREASONPIPER CUB MUSTANG ZERO PIETENPOL LACY GIPSY MOTHCOUGER RUBBER SPORT FLVING ACE MOTH *996 BOSTONIAN PUP *695 PRAIRIE BIRD 16 *896 ROG 1ST MODEL 8205 NOSE BEARINGS BRASS WASHERS PROPS 4TO 9 RUBBER TAN DUMMY CYL CLEAR VINTAGE WHEELS 300 PLANS TISSUEMANY MORE KITS COS ENGINES HUNGERFORD SILK L SPOKED WHEELS COMPLETE CATALOG $200 Penaud/Hannan Continued page 192 about Pnaud accomplishments S P Langley Experiments Small Mod els Langley Memoir Mechanical Flight Part 11911 S P Langley Flying Machine McClures Magazine June 1897 Article re printed Last Can Fly George Hardie Jr md] Christy Magrath After Alphonse Model Airplane News May 1955 Robert B Meyer Jr Langleys Model Aero En gine 1903 1976 Volume compiled Rob ert B Meyer Jr Nigel Mills Pnaud World War Aero April 1983 Reg Parham Indoor Vintage SAM 35 Year book Dec 1982 Pearl Young Alphonse Penauds Letters Aeronautics 1968 addition made use dozens letters historians enthusiasts patiently assisted encouraged research efforts Grateful thanks G James Alaback John J Brown L M Conover Paul E Garber Eugene Husting Herbert Kelley L S McCready Richard Mil ler Curtiss Walt Mooney Leonard Op dycke Richard Padgham Hewitt Viola Phil lips Bertram Pond Dick Seely Tom Schmitt Bill Warner Herbert K Weiss William Winter USA Assistance England supplied late C H Gibbs-Smith via Leonard Opdycke Ken McDonough J Bagley Peter Mann via Philip Jarrett also furnished additional material Pnauds own homeland France special appreciation George Chau let J F Frugoli Alain Parmentier anyone has overlooked sincere apologies Toledo/Berman Continued page 80 crutches Nothing much assured Just skiing accident Certainly wish Ivans recovery AMAs crew Toledo deserves mention setting up platoon leader Bob Underwood seen toting crates cases considered too heavy him handle Bob familiar readers magazine AMAs technical director former St Louis schoolteacher explained present job administrator refers specific technical problems qualified experts available added has fellows phone numbers good will superbusy spot show transmit ter checking station $10000 instrument called spectrum analyzer draws graph transmitters behavior grid su perimposed graph tells technician transmitter rated gold silver k Dave Hilsenhoff Warren Plohr Larry Dungan members AMA Fre quency Committee faithfully manned post three fellows have probably forgotten ever knew about mysterious world waves No female Navy personseven though Dave Larry received electronics degrees serving Un cle Sams boys girls blue Another matured whiz kid ran ledo Texan Bob Elliot Bob E E K Logitrol former RC radio manufacturer invented transistorized three-wire servo made possible truly proportional sets take granted today Also Bobs THE SUPERIOR GLOW PLUGS GO FAST FL YERS ARE BACK! Puts sting engine Unique flat-wound spiral coil element high temperature glass-to-metal seal add up faster ignition increased RPM 1/2A GloBee plugs designed exclusively 049/051 Cox engines Ask tar new GB-5RX Speed Plug GB-5R Racing Plug GB-5P Sport Plug local dealer today unavailable locally write call Twinn-K collect tor pricing delivery intormation FREE GloEee Catalog MAKE THE GLOBEE INDY CONNECTION Twinn-K Inc 10296 W Washington St Indianapolis IN 46231 Telephone 317-839-6579 FAX 317-839-8928 IRON temps vary day Stop guessing & buy handy Pocket Thermometer CeNIERrr credit expanded-scale voltmeter Only ledo provides opportunity meet such pion eers Casually attired Toledo visitor K Leroy Irvis conceals identity brilliant lawyer speaker emeritus Pennsylvania House Represen tatives genial confidant kings com moners alike speak Leroy avid OldTimer modeler staunch supporter hobby met up him taking delivery new Brown Jr model engine Yes thats right new Brown Jr Herb WahI Forkesville PA another su perbly talented citizen modeling world Hes retired Boeing aeronautical engineer has piloted own full-scale Piper Comanche married hang glider enthusiast also fell love early gasoline model engines today one-man engine factory turning out repli cas Brown Jr Hurleman Ohlsson Bunch higher quality originals Theres waiting list Herbs products Ohioan Miles Reed known over East one-man air show retired postal inspector Miles has hobby mere 38 years attended first Nats Willow Grove 1965 Seven RC clubs proudly list him life mem ber MilCs brought 6-ft 4-in-tall grandson Neil Solomon Toledo parcels out ad vice Sure talent model building flying nice serious diligent practice will go further Its will counts Soft-southern-drawled Pattern champion Steve Helms told us Futaba will provide narrowband update service some its older RC sys tems beginning next October Steve holds Ham license number WA6NLK acquired broad radio knowledge through superinten sive home study done after-work hours over three-year period Bobby Tom Airtronics proudly showed us prototype drape-shape transmitter like some others houses microcomputer syn thesized frequencies arrangement allows fliers change channels quickiy easily field system may also tnctuoe scanner will blow whistle tooclose radio waves such dirty pagers Although Hedda does endorse commercial products Airtronics system represents design philoso phy will undoubtedly fan out other forward-thinking radio manufacturers Due peculiar interspaced radio channeling some RC frequencies may prove hazardous especially certain metropolitan areas itself could dictate multifrequency sets economic neces sity Mike Barbee very personable Columbus ce Continued page 196 194 Model Aviation BOX 710399-MASANTEE CA 92072 qi wq.qyff5ff TEL 619 448-1818FAX 619 448-1833
Edition: Model Aviation - 1990/08
Page Numbers: 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 190, 191, 192, 194
today early French pioneer flying models opened doors both modeling full-size aviation story still makes fascinating reading today U Bill Hannan THE STORY Charles Alphonse Pnaud pronounced pay-know early pioneer model airplanes deserves better known fact 19th-century Frenchman may have influential modeler time Born 1850 Paris Nnaud expected carry family tradition career maritime service However complications severe hip injury rendered him phys ically unfit naval service Obliged walk crutches young age plagued discomfort short life Mild modest nature Pnaud also something wunderkind quisitive Leonardo da Vinci inter ests included bird flight balloons ballistics mathematics meteorology high-speed pho tography hydrodynamics rocketry aero dynamics much Ualike theoreticians Alphonse ability re duce complex abstract ideas simple terms demonstrate practical hardware 1876 Pnaud partner Paul Gauchot designed patented innova tive full-size aircraft flying wing also featured such astonishingly advanced con cepts retractable landing gear enclosed cockpit extensive instrumentation automatic pilot Pnaud made frequent use models aerodynamic experiments conclu sively proved low-risk low-cost ad vantages So successful models fact Pnaud rather resented some contemporaries un able equal results Although experimented kites well model Helicopters Ornithop drawing executed Bill Noonan de picts Charles Alphonse P6naud launching rubber-powered models called planophore hip injury youth incapacitated him short life ters discussion will concentrate nauds model airplanes called planophores Unfortunately brilliant Frenchman never able gain financial support encouragement carry out ideas vital inventor frustration compounded failing health drove Pnaud deep depression 1880 30 years age ended own life depriving aeronautical world its talented experiment ers Tragic Alphonse Pnauds 7 Penaud Plan op hores August 1990 63 Silk covered wire rotors Bow string power Al V V V V V V 4 IP6nauds own sketch L AERONAUTE Jan 1 1872 P6naud Helicopter 1870 Commercial lv reproduced Antoin Breguet pilnes Bird Gliders MODELES DAEROPLANES 1910 Reproductions early Helicopter bird glider drawings Including three P6naud-deslgned Helicopters Produced between 1870 1874 Helicopters achieved some success flight durations up 26 seconds some hovering ability became quite popular time several variations commercially manufactured toys Wright brothers came possess lifework aviation least lost original concepts designs influ ence beyond generation surviving achievements other pathbreakers inspired Among scions P& nauds aeronautical genius two young fellows named Wilbur Orville Wright Penauds experiments model aviation wide-ranging addition cate gory models named plano phores young Frenchman designed flew Ornithopters Helicopters Al though have unable locate illus trations Nnaud also flew kites would welcome assistance readers may know existence illus trations Pnauds kites liest aeronautical experiments Historical ac counts suggest first constructed re constructed model Helicopter yin tage Launoy Bienvenu type de vice employed bow-and-string arrange ment power contrarotating silk-covered wire rotors Its duration extremely brief performance impressive era Though Englishman Sir George Cayley produced similar model fea turing bird feather rotors 1795 Nnaud didnt learn about until years after own experiments Other experimenters tried clockspring-powered Helicopters disap pointing results machines .par took character aerial som mersault true flight no sooner commenced ascend spring run down screws stopped After investigating existing con cepts Pdnaud conceived single farreaching idea wound rubber motor Its important note made no claim having invented rubber powerand correct ly Indian rubber caoutchouc French employed flying models Pierre Jullien 1858 proposed Sir George Cayley earlier However mechanisms depended upon rubber 64 Model Aviation Launoy 8 lenvenue Helicopter 1784 Pnaud Helicopter 18701874 Helicopters among Nnauds earThe Bill Hannan planophore full flight model built 1978 motivated contest pusher-type models prewar design certainly qualified prewari C 11 AB 3 H 33view drawings P4naud letter T J Bennett December 3 1874 CD -I P6nauds own QH cr6B 2view LAERONAUTE January 1 1872 IINAa N FLIGHT May 27 1911 0 Harold Beer sketch AEROMODEL NG Ray Malmstrom 1961 DE LAERONAUTIQUE Dol Ifus Bouche 1942 Source unknown based upon LA NATURE engraving / 41 Could4 function PROGRESS IN FLYING MACHINES Octave Chanute 1894 AEROMODELES J Gulllemard 1961 Optical illusion August 1990 65 Albert TissandierLA NATURE engraving Aerornodelling AERONAUTICS 'N N K N Model Aviation -- n David Jr FLYING ACES 1942 9 Drawing based upon Smithsonian Institution Planophore type otograph found Langleys workshop Paul GaroerNote similarities during 1920sNo 11 Langley Aerodrome MECHANIX LLUSTRATED Reproduced LA NAVIGATION AERIENNE JLecornu 1903Original Source unknown Reproduced BRIEF HISTORY OF FLYING C H GibbsSmith 1967 U TABLEAU DAVIATION EDieuaide 1880 Also AIRCRAFT 1913 VOLKSBUCHER DER TECHNIK FLUGZEUGE CIRCA 1913 LANGLEY MEMOIR ON MECHANICAL FLIGHT Langley Manley SmIthsonian InstItutIon 1911 CMODEL AVIATION Langleys No 11 \ K CLURES MAGAZINE S P Langley article June 1897 drawings represent some research conducted Samuel Pierpont Langley thIrd secretary Smithsonian Institution rubber-powered flight met limited success several nearly 40 models built closely resembled P6nauds designs C H [I 0 Aerodrome Bill Hannan strip stretched lengthwise tension around revolving spool spindle capable storing tremendous power method offered brief duration ex erted considerable strain machinery consequently needed strong heavy contrast Pnauds innovation em ployed rubber strands torsion twisted allowing simpler lighter airframes ex tended duration Although moderate performance todays standards Pnauds little Helicop ters sensational 1870 yielding flight durations 15 26 seconds demonstrating some hovering ability Delighted audiences applauded clever models soon adapted com mercial manufacture playthings widely marketed Among eventu ally received such flying toy young Wilbur Orville Wright pianophores Alphonse turned attention fixed-wing flight tunate knowing Joseph M Pline skilled design tiny paper oi seaus birds papillons butterflies Pline painstakingly determined princi ples balance incidence dihedral gles providing automatic equilibrium essential Free Flight models combining improved variations Plines self-stabilizing features own rubber-in-torsion motors Pnaud created series simple model airplane designs called planophores experimented contrarotating pro pellers minimize torque influences soon discovered much easier ways achieving similar results Simply adding small amount ballast models wing tip and/or setting wing panel slightly greater incidence angle other worked effectively counteracting torque Pnaud also tried tractor front mounted propellers though favored single pusher propeller protection event collisions Although Pnaud tested multiple blades preferred two-bladed arrangements simplicity damage resistance since could lie flat during landing didnt want complicate models increase weight landing gear educational entertainment value Pnauds models resoundingly prov en during 1871 outdoor public demon strations Paris famous Gardens Tuiler ies inside beautiful Horticultural Hall demonstrations brought much favorable publicity both planophores creator Although planophores constructed P6naud associates various forms different styles diverse re sults successful fliers seem have spanned 18 24 18-inspan example about 4-in wing root chord 20-in-long fuselage stick 8in-dia propeller blades generally made paper sometimes bird feathers front rear motor hooks steel wire wings constructed bird feather quills pinned together covered goldbeaters skin Dihedral either shallow V form achieved simply curving wing tips gracefully upward wing assembly could slid along fuselage stick adjust balance inci dence angles individual wing panels could altered similarly constructed horizontal tail also adjustable inci dence its tips could raised added stability Some planophores equipped vertical tailplane Pnaud likened steering function provided ships rudder tailplane rarely ever shown early illustrations Wait Mooney launching Bill Hannans pianophore Fiightmasters West indoor contest Wait proxy-flew Bills pianophore officially clocked 58-second flight model weighs 16 grams about equal P6naud original its built basswood tissue covered August 1990 67 beautifully executed display model photographed Frank Scott P6naud planophore built Christy Magrath dedicated talented model builders modern times donated US Air Force Museum Wright-Patterson AFB Dayton OH late Charles Dollfus renowned exhausted French aviation historian noted de- Total weight 18-in-span plano scription Pdnauds planophores phore 16 grams little under could add vertical rudder seems imply provided optional accessory An account Progress Flying Machines Octave Cha nut confirms assumption least case Pdnauds Garden Tuileries demon strator Chanute tells us ided hor izontally small vertical rudder shown figure flew several times circle falling gently ground near its starting point power rubber thirdfive gramssupplied rubber motor Flight durations ranging 11 13 seconds documented dis tances 130 200 feet Considering year 1871 thats bad Illustrations planophores aviation tory books commonplace theyre seldom examined carefully Though first glance may seem look alike have encountered amazing variety such illustrations course re search article arranged gether differences among ob vious partial explanation after variety planophore config urations built Individual interpretations different artists probably added varia tion still oldest published planophore draw ings aware appeared January 1 1872 issue lAeronaute Drawn Pnaud himself sketches obviously freehand simplified intended provide readers general idea rather convey technical accu racy example top view omits wing stabilizer ribs well vertical tail although Nnaud specifically mentions latter written description addi tion side view proportions dont ex actly correspond top view again criticism can leveled modem three-view drawings Possibly earliest artistic planophore il lustration published la Nature April 17 1875 engraving credited two artists Albert Tissandier second name illegible Two different plan ophores depicted first seen di rect top view features gracefully curved trailing edges inner wing roots other model shown distorted perspec tive heavily scalloped trailing edges straight wing roots background engraving muddy de leted later copies greater clarity would seem majority subse quent planophore drawings simplified rehashes 1875 engraving vari ety subtle subtle changes made copying process probably reflected individual artists talent lack thereofl well degree tech nical orientation Note instance propeller hooks missing some illustrations Latter-day planophores Interest P& nauds fascinating flying machines has con tinued present reproductions Pnaud Planophores have built some actual flying others mu seum displays conversation pieces Lets take look some models people have helped sustain interest unique airplanes Aerodromes Samuel Pierpont Langley third secretary Smithsonian Insti tution accomplished scientist astronomer became interested aerial nav igation about 1886 During 1887 six years after Pnauds death Langley em barked upon study free-flying mod els collectively termed aero dromes did initially know Pd nauds planophore designs clearly docu mented Langley Memoir Mechan ical Flight device attracted little no tice unfamiliar beContinued page 190 68 Model Aviation half-size display planophore photographed Frank Pierce also built Christy Magrath Bill Winter former editor Model Aviation magazineThe model has nine-inch wingspan wooden fuselage stick twisted metal strips simuiste rubber motor Available black red white sizes 1$325 2375 21/4425 2V2475 Spinners new Master Airscrew spinner series features aluminum backplate true running cones made engineering grade nylon strength resist starter burn spinners easily mounted two screws custom fit Master Airscrew propellers black red white See Hobby Dealer MASTER AIRSCREW propellers accessories WINDSOR PROPELLER CO 3219 Monier Circle Rancho Cordova CA 95742 Embry-omatic/De Loach Continued page 186 dope applied Once tissue properly shrunk warps removed surfaces can doped 50/50 mixture dope thinner well plasticized castor oil TCP tri-creosol phosphate four drops per ounce dope/thinner Assembly Glue %2 balsa shim under wing leading edge correct incidence shown plan Youll notice wing rubberbanded #10 rubberbands place rather glued may glue prefer popoff wing surely does help inevitable rough landings DT dethermalizer also optional al though strongly recommend installing Dont let models small size its Embryo status fool underestimating its perform ance potentialand consequent need dether malizer Like gutsy flier model will fol low wherever good thermal leadsin other words 005 out-of-sight Another reason dethermalizer enables adjust decalage small shims under trailing edge stabilizer rest case Before rigging stabilizer fuselage rudders subrudder youre building must glued place Embellishing model wheel pants make sure wheels rotate freely inside cock pit details windscreen headrest exhaust pipes made aluminum tubing CyAd place greatly improves appearance ex haust pipes shown plans exact placement unimportant As described ear lier detailing model will also earn bonus points Bend shaft seven-inch Peck gray plastic prop using reverse S-hook made /32 music wire Flying Its best start motor youll probably end up Use 25-in loop %-in rubber noted plan model built light should have motor should give excellent results Install motor balance model CG center-of-gravity location marked plan Add clay nose until balance achieved Test glide model over soft grass during calm early morning evening Adjust sta bilizer shims until airplane settles nsce floating glide Induce gentle right left glide turn adjusting rudder accordingly well wind about hundred turns first powered flight Gradually work way up more turns mak ing adjustments necessary Youll probably have put little downthrust did power builds up Also youll need shim little right left thrust model will circle un der power Try both right left thrust will work better other model haves differently Once again try everything see what works best model excitement really begins once model balanced trimmed flying correctly Now its time see just Embry-omatically airplane performsand believe perform word new FAI Model Supply tan rubber Im able crank 2500 turns yielding motor run easily minute half kind power dont forget light DT fuse Any questions about Embry-omatic may addressed author 3428 Bryn Mawr Dal las TX 75225 Suppliers Peck-Polymers PO Box 2498 La Mesa CA 92041 tissue props glue Old Timer Model Supply PO Box 7334 Van Nuys CA 91409 tissue wood wire props Champion Model Products 880 Carmen Court La Verne CA 91750 wood tissue DT fuse thodonix bands rubber lube FAI Model Supply PO Box 3957 Torrance CA 90510 rubber Bob Wilder 2010 Boston Irving TX 75061 201 winder Join NFFS today Penaud/Hannan Continued page 68 gan own first constructions Alleghany 1887 Langley did learn Pnaud 1872 1 Aeronaure article adopted Pnaud concepts some own aerodrome models Langleys planophore-type designs identi fled Aerodrome No 11 illustrated both drawing photograph Memoir Curiously Langley seems have employec twisted rubber power earliest models Perhaps may have learned some Francois Dandrieux butterflies widely marketed early 1879 would poetic justice indeed since butter flies commercial adaptations P6nauds Helicopters Two examples Dandricux models Smithsonian collection years Might Langley have brought Although constructed nearly 40 rubberpowered models before 1893 experimented wide variety configurations Langley achieved limited success can share frustration recalled wings general flat some cases curved rubber usually wound about 100 turns trou ble continually arose its kinldng une qual unwinding often caused erratic flights Langley also encountered frequent breakages After reading Pnauds 13-second duration planophore flight candidly wrote have never obtained good result rubber motor added longest flights obtainable did exceed six eight sec onds time nor 80 100 feet distance brief owing spas modic action rubber other causes ir regular extremely difficult obtain imperfect results actually de duced what would certainly appear have retrogressive move Langley turned during 1895 models powered rubber tension surprisingly gave poor results com plex weighty mechanisms models still exist Smithsonian collection Langley also considered rejected power plants employing gunpowder hot water com pressed air electricity carbon dioxide before achieving some success steam fi nally gasoline 1896 steam-powered Aero drome identified No 5 suggests revised numbering system unrelated rubber-driven model series Langley planophore type During 1920s Paul Garber now historian emeritus Ramsey Fellow National Air Space Museum touring Langleys long-dormant shop building Smithsonian Institution Among paraphernalia old model planophore configuration Garber asked es BLIILD*CD*MODELS* am sOll making wsId famous histonic inc modet plans aailable Foim 1/32 5/C C/L F/F ubben stetjo Ill tlnem anymt,e145t plans Real choiCe items Ask old time model 0500 ohotolanhle youaelt long, send Si * fo te CleoolandSesignd piotoojal catalog booklet bannially illustated pioe list St Foeign odd St Al MaiL Non I, Sam day seeioe hOot no dealoo enteR museums [Edund 7 Panku,d4ticlicn Bnl -innd CLEVELAND MODEL & SUPPLY 7B Dotnoit Cloteland OH 44102V-* TOURNAMENT CHAMPIONS Finals Las Vegas NVNov 9-11 Special Discounted Airfare Call Irene Gerny CONTEMPORARY TRAVEL 800-3360033 Outside NYS 516-360-3663 NYS 190 Model Aviation Leader Small Airfoil Technology ort Mr Cole its origin Cole didnt know Ut SUrmiSed Langley might have obtained uring visits France Langleys own account Langley ifemoir Mechanical Flight can establish unaware planophores until least 887 some seven years after Pnauds death hat rules out possibility bought aodel Pnaud himself some have sug ested know however Langley rought back internal combustion engine aris 1900s years after rubber owered model experiments Its plausible ie might have purchased unidentified model t same time Another possibility model may have een Langleys own similar Aerodrome No 1 long series tested letter written author May 16 1988 Paul Garber com nented detail may determine whether ts original Pnaud copy made Lang ey member crewhe about half lozen expert craftsmen working himis its ongitudinal tubular metal Pnaud nay well have chosen material want say ts original Pnaud cant authenticate t Among people worked Langley luring 1895 Augustus Moore Herring mown have successfully designed flown ubber-powered models early 1893 Might e have fabricated planophore type Although itrong personality differences prevented two nen working together harmony Herring s said have designed built steam engines Ahich powered two Langleys aerodrome mod ls information tantalizing subject nay eventually surface Whatever origin Smithsonian planophore type its fascinat ing artifact photos have widely published Ehe Christy Magrath planophores dedicated talented model builders modern times Christy Magrath Christy per sonally examined Smithsonian planophore type documented drawings de scriptions Inked Walt Schroder illus Irations published article entitled After Alphonse May 1955 Model 4irplane News According Magrath model has bamboo surface members covered rice taper horizontal tail features wire mci lence adjustment device seen other pIano thore illustrations also has triangular verti al tail wing has no ribs distinctive onfiguration bent wood propeller notation drawing states Purchased y Dr S P Langley Paris 1871 ourse odds Langleys own record Memoir Magrath must have un tware discrepancy same page Model Airplane News irticle sketches traditional pIano hore making comparisons exceptionally easy Christy also constructed number pIano hore reproductions some flown ne display models donated Air orce Museum Dayton OH Another half-size lanophore presented former Model Air lane News Model Aviation editor Bill Winter kindly supplied photo raph Del Gattos planophores Also featured 4ay 1955 Model Airplane News article Paul E Del Gatto featured construction Irawings two planophores 1871 con riguration second employing modern techContinued page 192 U U I U U U U I I I I I I U U U U U U U U U U I I I U U U U I I I I I I I I BIG GLOW FUEL MANUFACTURED WITH THE PUREST FINEST QUALITY INGREDIENTS AVAILABLE * Superior Igniters Improve starting idle acceleration Youll notice power bargain fuels * 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soeth 4814 wing spas 0 lbs oh SIC odble [sodlog Gear OCDF2ggg 1 soale44 length 3210 span lb. mIx fEC 3-t oh IlIC g end AK-720 toss ecDF-tesggg One-Third Scale Piper TH-Pacer PA-22 2386 C25-2556 fr 1/3 Scale Piper Cub 1-3 ~7tIS wIng opso e gO leogob 5C302engines f2ggt Quarter Scale WWI SE-5A egr -- wing span 2220 sq wing area 70 22 engines RCQS7 6 SPAD C-XIII Ye span 21 20 sq wing area1 31031 engines Capable flyer captures inragination RCOS-h 6 FOKKER DR-i TRIPLANE 72 wing opax e 1772 sq ix wing area 70 100 engines RCOS-0 6 SOPWITH CAMEL F1 84 wing span- 2150 sq wiog ares e 11 ho wix RIC usood Ir baiss consouchon ocar 65 sq ft drawings RCOS-tl 6 Quarter Scale WWI Fokker D-VIINew 2 Hg uvingpon 2220 vs WiOo OrOO 00 2h cid nvginn oh bs hCOS h 5 Foil contilever wings no flying wirool Removal ongine unit Shocb mounted landing gear Oalnatplyorood fuselage built-op bloss wing Sill Effinger Founding Mnerber AMA NFFS Hell Fames Fri von aro fur vomyinte plons nub asnonrOly ft dotailod yarru juts PLEASE ADD 0208 for shippino Iweilins tuhel Now 1980 P100 Solo broohurO 0150 Iretundoblo yr Irrot urderli WE TECHNICAL SERVICES Ro 1 Box 2900 Santa Rosa Beach FL 32459 niques materials vintage version rubber winder-woundr exceeded 45 Seconds durationr updated pIano phore achieved 80-second flights indoors Reg Parhams planophore 1964 English man Reg Parham constructed planophore type model aviation history demonstrations model features bamboo flight surfaces flat-plate airfoils shellacked silk covering motor stick spruce propeller blades turkey tail feathers Weighing same Pnauds original model has achieved outdoor flights 40-second duration Bill Hannans planophore own reproduc tion constructed during 1978 inspired Southern California Antique Model Plane Soci ety SCAMPS contest pusher models pre war design Certainly Pnauds planophore quali fies score Balsa seemed contrary spirit historical modeling model constructed primarily basswood ever Japanese tissue employed covering since neighborhood hobby shop fresh out goldbeaters skin finished product weighed 16 grams approximately equal Pnauds planophores small effort involved construction amply rewarded enthusiastic comments fellow competi tors also helped adjust model also its garnering third-place trophy satisfy curiosity planophore also flown few times its vertical tail yes did fly however much greater care launching required During Flightmasters West Indoor contest model proxy flown Curtiss Walt Mooney officially timed flight 58 sec onds especially satisfying since P& naud himself sent planophore England during 1874 flown friend Thomas J Bennett Truly history does repeat itself name Charles Alphonse Penaud has forgorten does remarkable con tribution model aeronautics live pages history books street 20th district native city also bears name Addition ally FAI committee international aero modeling presents award Pnauds honor diploma originally proposed Hans J Meier Germany presented outstanding na tional international modelers characteristic modestyand little poetryPnaud prophesied planophore III II ASSES Washable Rugged Cap Sunglasses Flip Up/Down Adjust In/Out Snap On/Off Imprints Available IUltra Violet ProtectedI IPlease send _____________ caps Ive enclosedI I@ $795 plus $2 shipping handlingI ILens Colors 0 Amber El Smoke blueI Cap Colors El Black El White El Yellow El Green El Navy blue El Royal blue aroon []Grey ElRedI II El Please send information about imprinting lPLtA5t PRINT INumeI AddressI 1CityI StutnZip ________ RETURN WITH CHECK OR MONEY ORDER ONLY TO PIN-NIK SALES PO Box 647 RavenBa OH 44256 L 192 Model Aviation demonstrates possibilities stable equilib rium heart air promise grea machines considerable swiftness coule see life heart air today References research life work Alphonse Pnaud has long ongoing study Numer ous books periodicals have consulted yielded fragmentary informa tion useful references Alphonse Pnaud Aeroplane Automoteur lAeronaute Jan 1872 T J Bennett Notes France EleventA Annual Report Aeronautical Society oj Great Britain 1876 Octave Chanut Progress Flying Machine3 1894 Paul E Del Gatto Pgnauds Planophore Model Airplane News May 1955 Charles Dollfus Alphonse P6naud Icare Re vue de Aviation Francais No 38 1966 B far single comprehensive work available Continued page 194 ~~1~~I 209 645 5535 GOLDEN GATE HOBBIES PO BOX 27001 FRESNO CAUFORNIA 93729 M/C OR COD HA TORI TETTRA DIQICON IMMSK HATORI BLUEPRINT SHOWS ALL EXHAUST ITEMS FULL SIZE 2FT X 4FT $ 5 WE WANT NEW DEALERS I! HATORI 650 LONG PIPE $4350 TO DEALERS CATALOG $ 200 OR FREE Th ORDERS CHECK EM BOTH OUT NEW STARHAWK BIPLANE NEW MISS STARHAWK POSTER See your Starhawk Dealer tar details write Thorpe Engineering Corporation 1715 E Fairfield Mesa AZ 85203 Poster $500 P&H Prepaid 1300 A/C BUMP NEW 12113 FT LONG OUTSTANDING CONTROL MORE POWER KIT $3500O NEW GENESIS RIC FLY/IC WI/IC CL/MR 59 INCH WINWPAN EANI LAUNCH CUW SOAR TART KIT 2-3CM iUNTO FLY RUBBER POWER KITS-SUPPLIE PEANUT SCALE ANDREASONPIPER CUB MUSTANG ZERO PIETENPOL LACY GIPSY MOTHCOUGER RUBBER SPORT FLVING ACE MOTH *996 BOSTONIAN PUP *695 PRAIRIE BIRD 16 *896 ROG 1ST MODEL 8205 NOSE BEARINGS BRASS WASHERS PROPS 4TO 9 RUBBER TAN DUMMY CYL CLEAR VINTAGE WHEELS 300 PLANS TISSUEMANY MORE KITS COS ENGINES HUNGERFORD SILK L SPOKED WHEELS COMPLETE CATALOG $200 Penaud/Hannan Continued page 192 about Pnaud accomplishments S P Langley Experiments Small Mod els Langley Memoir Mechanical Flight Part 11911 S P Langley Flying Machine McClures Magazine June 1897 Article re printed Last Can Fly George Hardie Jr md] Christy Magrath After Alphonse Model Airplane News May 1955 Robert B Meyer Jr Langleys Model Aero En gine 1903 1976 Volume compiled Rob ert B Meyer Jr Nigel Mills Pnaud World War Aero April 1983 Reg Parham Indoor Vintage SAM 35 Year book Dec 1982 Pearl Young Alphonse Penauds Letters Aeronautics 1968 addition made use dozens letters historians enthusiasts patiently assisted encouraged research efforts Grateful thanks G James Alaback John J Brown L M Conover Paul E Garber Eugene Husting Herbert Kelley L S McCready Richard Mil ler Curtiss Walt Mooney Leonard Op dycke Richard Padgham Hewitt Viola Phil lips Bertram Pond Dick Seely Tom Schmitt Bill Warner Herbert K Weiss William Winter USA Assistance England supplied late C H Gibbs-Smith via Leonard Opdycke Ken McDonough J Bagley Peter Mann via Philip Jarrett also furnished additional material Pnauds own homeland France special appreciation George Chau let J F Frugoli Alain Parmentier anyone has overlooked sincere apologies Toledo/Berman Continued page 80 crutches Nothing much assured Just skiing accident Certainly wish Ivans recovery AMAs crew Toledo deserves mention setting up platoon leader Bob Underwood seen toting crates cases considered too heavy him handle Bob familiar readers magazine AMAs technical director former St Louis schoolteacher explained present job administrator refers specific technical problems qualified experts available added has fellows phone numbers good will superbusy spot show transmit ter checking station $10000 instrument called spectrum analyzer draws graph transmitters behavior grid su perimposed graph tells technician transmitter rated gold silver k Dave Hilsenhoff Warren Plohr Larry Dungan members AMA Fre quency Committee faithfully manned post three fellows have probably forgotten ever knew about mysterious world waves No female Navy personseven though Dave Larry received electronics degrees serving Un cle Sams boys girls blue Another matured whiz kid ran ledo Texan Bob Elliot Bob E E K Logitrol former RC radio manufacturer invented transistorized three-wire servo made possible truly proportional sets take granted today Also Bobs THE SUPERIOR GLOW PLUGS GO FAST FL YERS ARE BACK! Puts sting engine Unique flat-wound spiral coil element high temperature glass-to-metal seal add up faster ignition increased RPM 1/2A GloBee plugs designed exclusively 049/051 Cox engines Ask tar new GB-5RX Speed Plug GB-5R Racing Plug GB-5P Sport Plug local dealer today unavailable locally write call Twinn-K collect tor pricing delivery intormation FREE GloEee Catalog MAKE THE GLOBEE INDY CONNECTION Twinn-K Inc 10296 W Washington St Indianapolis IN 46231 Telephone 317-839-6579 FAX 317-839-8928 IRON temps vary day Stop guessing & buy handy Pocket Thermometer CeNIERrr credit expanded-scale voltmeter Only ledo provides opportunity meet such pion eers Casually attired Toledo visitor K Leroy Irvis conceals identity brilliant lawyer speaker emeritus Pennsylvania House Represen tatives genial confidant kings com moners alike speak Leroy avid OldTimer modeler staunch supporter hobby met up him taking delivery new Brown Jr model engine Yes thats right new Brown Jr Herb WahI Forkesville PA another su perbly talented citizen modeling world Hes retired Boeing aeronautical engineer has piloted own full-scale Piper Comanche married hang glider enthusiast also fell love early gasoline model engines today one-man engine factory turning out repli cas Brown Jr Hurleman Ohlsson Bunch higher quality originals Theres waiting list Herbs products Ohioan Miles Reed known over East one-man air show retired postal inspector Miles has hobby mere 38 years attended first Nats Willow Grove 1965 Seven RC clubs proudly list him life mem ber MilCs brought 6-ft 4-in-tall grandson Neil Solomon Toledo parcels out ad vice Sure talent model building flying nice serious diligent practice will go further Its will counts Soft-southern-drawled Pattern champion Steve Helms told us Futaba will provide narrowband update service some its older RC sys tems beginning next October Steve holds Ham license number WA6NLK acquired broad radio knowledge through superinten sive home study done after-work hours over three-year period Bobby Tom Airtronics proudly showed us prototype drape-shape transmitter like some others houses microcomputer syn thesized frequencies arrangement allows fliers change channels quickiy easily field system may also tnctuoe scanner will blow whistle tooclose radio waves such dirty pagers Although Hedda does endorse commercial products Airtronics system represents design philoso phy will undoubtedly fan out other forward-thinking radio manufacturers Due peculiar interspaced radio channeling some RC frequencies may prove hazardous especially certain metropolitan areas itself could dictate multifrequency sets economic neces sity Mike Barbee very personable Columbus ce Continued page 196 194 Model Aviation BOX 710399-MASANTEE CA 92072 qi wq.qyff5ff TEL 619 448-1818FAX 619 448-1833
Edition: Model Aviation - 1990/08
Page Numbers: 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 190, 191, 192, 194
today early French pioneer flying models opened doors both modeling full-size aviation story still makes fascinating reading today U Bill Hannan THE STORY Charles Alphonse Pnaud pronounced pay-know early pioneer model airplanes deserves better known fact 19th-century Frenchman may have influential modeler time Born 1850 Paris Nnaud expected carry family tradition career maritime service However complications severe hip injury rendered him phys ically unfit naval service Obliged walk crutches young age plagued discomfort short life Mild modest nature Pnaud also something wunderkind quisitive Leonardo da Vinci inter ests included bird flight balloons ballistics mathematics meteorology high-speed pho tography hydrodynamics rocketry aero dynamics much Ualike theoreticians Alphonse ability re duce complex abstract ideas simple terms demonstrate practical hardware 1876 Pnaud partner Paul Gauchot designed patented innova tive full-size aircraft flying wing also featured such astonishingly advanced con cepts retractable landing gear enclosed cockpit extensive instrumentation automatic pilot Pnaud made frequent use models aerodynamic experiments conclu sively proved low-risk low-cost ad vantages So successful models fact Pnaud rather resented some contemporaries un able equal results Although experimented kites well model Helicopters Ornithop drawing executed Bill Noonan de picts Charles Alphonse P6naud launching rubber-powered models called planophore hip injury youth incapacitated him short life ters discussion will concentrate nauds model airplanes called planophores Unfortunately brilliant Frenchman never able gain financial support encouragement carry out ideas vital inventor frustration compounded failing health drove Pnaud deep depression 1880 30 years age ended own life depriving aeronautical world its talented experiment ers Tragic Alphonse Pnauds 7 Penaud Plan op hores August 1990 63 Silk covered wire rotors Bow string power Al V V V V V V 4 IP6nauds own sketch L AERONAUTE Jan 1 1872 P6naud Helicopter 1870 Commercial lv reproduced Antoin Breguet pilnes Bird Gliders MODELES DAEROPLANES 1910 Reproductions early Helicopter bird glider drawings Including three P6naud-deslgned Helicopters Produced between 1870 1874 Helicopters achieved some success flight durations up 26 seconds some hovering ability became quite popular time several variations commercially manufactured toys Wright brothers came possess lifework aviation least lost original concepts designs influ ence beyond generation surviving achievements other pathbreakers inspired Among scions P& nauds aeronautical genius two young fellows named Wilbur Orville Wright Penauds experiments model aviation wide-ranging addition cate gory models named plano phores young Frenchman designed flew Ornithopters Helicopters Al though have unable locate illus trations Nnaud also flew kites would welcome assistance readers may know existence illus trations Pnauds kites liest aeronautical experiments Historical ac counts suggest first constructed re constructed model Helicopter yin tage Launoy Bienvenu type de vice employed bow-and-string arrange ment power contrarotating silk-covered wire rotors Its duration extremely brief performance impressive era Though Englishman Sir George Cayley produced similar model fea turing bird feather rotors 1795 Nnaud didnt learn about until years after own experiments Other experimenters tried clockspring-powered Helicopters disap pointing results machines .par took character aerial som mersault true flight no sooner commenced ascend spring run down screws stopped After investigating existing con cepts Pdnaud conceived single farreaching idea wound rubber motor Its important note made no claim having invented rubber powerand correct ly Indian rubber caoutchouc French employed flying models Pierre Jullien 1858 proposed Sir George Cayley earlier However mechanisms depended upon rubber 64 Model Aviation Launoy 8 lenvenue Helicopter 1784 Pnaud Helicopter 18701874 Helicopters among Nnauds earThe Bill Hannan planophore full flight model built 1978 motivated contest pusher-type models prewar design certainly qualified prewari C 11 AB 3 H 33view drawings P4naud letter T J Bennett December 3 1874 CD -I P6nauds own QH cr6B 2view LAERONAUTE January 1 1872 IINAa N FLIGHT May 27 1911 0 Harold Beer sketch AEROMODEL NG Ray Malmstrom 1961 DE LAERONAUTIQUE Dol Ifus Bouche 1942 Source unknown based upon LA NATURE engraving / 41 Could4 function PROGRESS IN FLYING MACHINES Octave Chanute 1894 AEROMODELES J Gulllemard 1961 Optical illusion August 1990 65 Albert TissandierLA NATURE engraving Aerornodelling AERONAUTICS 'N N K N Model Aviation -- n David Jr FLYING ACES 1942 9 Drawing based upon Smithsonian Institution Planophore type otograph found Langleys workshop Paul GaroerNote similarities during 1920sNo 11 Langley Aerodrome MECHANIX LLUSTRATED Reproduced LA NAVIGATION AERIENNE JLecornu 1903Original Source unknown Reproduced BRIEF HISTORY OF FLYING C H GibbsSmith 1967 U TABLEAU DAVIATION EDieuaide 1880 Also AIRCRAFT 1913 VOLKSBUCHER DER TECHNIK FLUGZEUGE CIRCA 1913 LANGLEY MEMOIR ON MECHANICAL FLIGHT Langley Manley SmIthsonian InstItutIon 1911 CMODEL AVIATION Langleys No 11 \ K CLURES MAGAZINE S P Langley article June 1897 drawings represent some research conducted Samuel Pierpont Langley thIrd secretary Smithsonian Institution rubber-powered flight met limited success several nearly 40 models built closely resembled P6nauds designs C H [I 0 Aerodrome Bill Hannan strip stretched lengthwise tension around revolving spool spindle capable storing tremendous power method offered brief duration ex erted considerable strain machinery consequently needed strong heavy contrast Pnauds innovation em ployed rubber strands torsion twisted allowing simpler lighter airframes ex tended duration Although moderate performance todays standards Pnauds little Helicop ters sensational 1870 yielding flight durations 15 26 seconds demonstrating some hovering ability Delighted audiences applauded clever models soon adapted com mercial manufacture playthings widely marketed Among eventu ally received such flying toy young Wilbur Orville Wright pianophores Alphonse turned attention fixed-wing flight tunate knowing Joseph M Pline skilled design tiny paper oi seaus birds papillons butterflies Pline painstakingly determined princi ples balance incidence dihedral gles providing automatic equilibrium essential Free Flight models combining improved variations Plines self-stabilizing features own rubber-in-torsion motors Pnaud created series simple model airplane designs called planophores experimented contrarotating pro pellers minimize torque influences soon discovered much easier ways achieving similar results Simply adding small amount ballast models wing tip and/or setting wing panel slightly greater incidence angle other worked effectively counteracting torque Pnaud also tried tractor front mounted propellers though favored single pusher propeller protection event collisions Although Pnaud tested multiple blades preferred two-bladed arrangements simplicity damage resistance since could lie flat during landing didnt want complicate models increase weight landing gear educational entertainment value Pnauds models resoundingly prov en during 1871 outdoor public demon strations Paris famous Gardens Tuiler ies inside beautiful Horticultural Hall demonstrations brought much favorable publicity both planophores creator Although planophores constructed P6naud associates various forms different styles diverse re sults successful fliers seem have spanned 18 24 18-inspan example about 4-in wing root chord 20-in-long fuselage stick 8in-dia propeller blades generally made paper sometimes bird feathers front rear motor hooks steel wire wings constructed bird feather quills pinned together covered goldbeaters skin Dihedral either shallow V form achieved simply curving wing tips gracefully upward wing assembly could slid along fuselage stick adjust balance inci dence angles individual wing panels could altered similarly constructed horizontal tail also adjustable inci dence its tips could raised added stability Some planophores equipped vertical tailplane Pnaud likened steering function provided ships rudder tailplane rarely ever shown early illustrations Wait Mooney launching Bill Hannans pianophore Fiightmasters West indoor contest Wait proxy-flew Bills pianophore officially clocked 58-second flight model weighs 16 grams about equal P6naud original its built basswood tissue covered August 1990 67 beautifully executed display model photographed Frank Scott P6naud planophore built Christy Magrath dedicated talented model builders modern times donated US Air Force Museum Wright-Patterson AFB Dayton OH late Charles Dollfus renowned exhausted French aviation historian noted de- Total weight 18-in-span plano scription Pdnauds planophores phore 16 grams little under could add vertical rudder seems imply provided optional accessory An account Progress Flying Machines Octave Cha nut confirms assumption least case Pdnauds Garden Tuileries demon strator Chanute tells us ided hor izontally small vertical rudder shown figure flew several times circle falling gently ground near its starting point power rubber thirdfive gramssupplied rubber motor Flight durations ranging 11 13 seconds documented dis tances 130 200 feet Considering year 1871 thats bad Illustrations planophores aviation tory books commonplace theyre seldom examined carefully Though first glance may seem look alike have encountered amazing variety such illustrations course re search article arranged gether differences among ob vious partial explanation after variety planophore config urations built Individual interpretations different artists probably added varia tion still oldest published planophore draw ings aware appeared January 1 1872 issue lAeronaute Drawn Pnaud himself sketches obviously freehand simplified intended provide readers general idea rather convey technical accu racy example top view omits wing stabilizer ribs well vertical tail although Nnaud specifically mentions latter written description addi tion side view proportions dont ex actly correspond top view again criticism can leveled modem three-view drawings Possibly earliest artistic planophore il lustration published la Nature April 17 1875 engraving credited two artists Albert Tissandier second name illegible Two different plan ophores depicted first seen di rect top view features gracefully curved trailing edges inner wing roots other model shown distorted perspec tive heavily scalloped trailing edges straight wing roots background engraving muddy de leted later copies greater clarity would seem majority subse quent planophore drawings simplified rehashes 1875 engraving vari ety subtle subtle changes made copying process probably reflected individual artists talent lack thereofl well degree tech nical orientation Note instance propeller hooks missing some illustrations Latter-day planophores Interest P& nauds fascinating flying machines has con tinued present reproductions Pnaud Planophores have built some actual flying others mu seum displays conversation pieces Lets take look some models people have helped sustain interest unique airplanes Aerodromes Samuel Pierpont Langley third secretary Smithsonian Insti tution accomplished scientist astronomer became interested aerial nav igation about 1886 During 1887 six years after Pnauds death Langley em barked upon study free-flying mod els collectively termed aero dromes did initially know Pd nauds planophore designs clearly docu mented Langley Memoir Mechan ical Flight device attracted little no tice unfamiliar beContinued page 190 68 Model Aviation half-size display planophore photographed Frank Pierce also built Christy Magrath Bill Winter former editor Model Aviation magazineThe model has nine-inch wingspan wooden fuselage stick twisted metal strips simuiste rubber motor Available black red white sizes 1$325 2375 21/4425 2V2475 Spinners new Master Airscrew spinner series features aluminum backplate true running cones made engineering grade nylon strength resist starter burn spinners easily mounted two screws custom fit Master Airscrew propellers black red white See Hobby Dealer MASTER AIRSCREW propellers accessories WINDSOR PROPELLER CO 3219 Monier Circle Rancho Cordova CA 95742 Embry-omatic/De Loach Continued page 186 dope applied Once tissue properly shrunk warps removed surfaces can doped 50/50 mixture dope thinner well plasticized castor oil TCP tri-creosol phosphate four drops per ounce dope/thinner Assembly Glue %2 balsa shim under wing leading edge correct incidence shown plan Youll notice wing rubberbanded #10 rubberbands place rather glued may glue prefer popoff wing surely does help inevitable rough landings DT dethermalizer also optional al though strongly recommend installing Dont let models small size its Embryo status fool underestimating its perform ance potentialand consequent need dether malizer Like gutsy flier model will fol low wherever good thermal leadsin other words 005 out-of-sight Another reason dethermalizer enables adjust decalage small shims under trailing edge stabilizer rest case Before rigging stabilizer fuselage rudders subrudder youre building must glued place Embellishing model wheel pants make sure wheels rotate freely inside cock pit details windscreen headrest exhaust pipes made aluminum tubing CyAd place greatly improves appearance ex haust pipes shown plans exact placement unimportant As described ear lier detailing model will also earn bonus points Bend shaft seven-inch Peck gray plastic prop using reverse S-hook made /32 music wire Flying Its best start motor youll probably end up Use 25-in loop %-in rubber noted plan model built light should have motor should give excellent results Install motor balance model CG center-of-gravity location marked plan Add clay nose until balance achieved Test glide model over soft grass during calm early morning evening Adjust sta bilizer shims until airplane settles nsce floating glide Induce gentle right left glide turn adjusting rudder accordingly well wind about hundred turns first powered flight Gradually work way up more turns mak ing adjustments necessary Youll probably have put little downthrust did power builds up Also youll need shim little right left thrust model will circle un der power Try both right left thrust will work better other model haves differently Once again try everything see what works best model excitement really begins once model balanced trimmed flying correctly Now its time see just Embry-omatically airplane performsand believe perform word new FAI Model Supply tan rubber Im able crank 2500 turns yielding motor run easily minute half kind power dont forget light DT fuse Any questions about Embry-omatic may addressed author 3428 Bryn Mawr Dal las TX 75225 Suppliers Peck-Polymers PO Box 2498 La Mesa CA 92041 tissue props glue Old Timer Model Supply PO Box 7334 Van Nuys CA 91409 tissue wood wire props Champion Model Products 880 Carmen Court La Verne CA 91750 wood tissue DT fuse thodonix bands rubber lube FAI Model Supply PO Box 3957 Torrance CA 90510 rubber Bob Wilder 2010 Boston Irving TX 75061 201 winder Join NFFS today Penaud/Hannan Continued page 68 gan own first constructions Alleghany 1887 Langley did learn Pnaud 1872 1 Aeronaure article adopted Pnaud concepts some own aerodrome models Langleys planophore-type designs identi fled Aerodrome No 11 illustrated both drawing photograph Memoir Curiously Langley seems have employec twisted rubber power earliest models Perhaps may have learned some Francois Dandrieux butterflies widely marketed early 1879 would poetic justice indeed since butter flies commercial adaptations P6nauds Helicopters Two examples Dandricux models Smithsonian collection years Might Langley have brought Although constructed nearly 40 rubberpowered models before 1893 experimented wide variety configurations Langley achieved limited success can share frustration recalled wings general flat some cases curved rubber usually wound about 100 turns trou ble continually arose its kinldng une qual unwinding often caused erratic flights Langley also encountered frequent breakages After reading Pnauds 13-second duration planophore flight candidly wrote have never obtained good result rubber motor added longest flights obtainable did exceed six eight sec onds time nor 80 100 feet distance brief owing spas modic action rubber other causes ir regular extremely difficult obtain imperfect results actually de duced what would certainly appear have retrogressive move Langley turned during 1895 models powered rubber tension surprisingly gave poor results com plex weighty mechanisms models still exist Smithsonian collection Langley also considered rejected power plants employing gunpowder hot water com pressed air electricity carbon dioxide before achieving some success steam fi nally gasoline 1896 steam-powered Aero drome identified No 5 suggests revised numbering system unrelated rubber-driven model series Langley planophore type During 1920s Paul Garber now historian emeritus Ramsey Fellow National Air Space Museum touring Langleys long-dormant shop building Smithsonian Institution Among paraphernalia old model planophore configuration Garber asked es BLIILD*CD*MODELS* am sOll making wsId famous histonic inc modet plans aailable Foim 1/32 5/C C/L F/F ubben stetjo Ill tlnem anymt,e145t plans Real choiCe items Ask old time model 0500 ohotolanhle youaelt long, send Si * fo te CleoolandSesignd piotoojal catalog booklet bannially illustated pioe list St Foeign odd St Al MaiL Non I, Sam day seeioe hOot no dealoo enteR museums [Edund 7 Panku,d4ticlicn Bnl -innd CLEVELAND MODEL & SUPPLY 7B Dotnoit Cloteland OH 44102V-* TOURNAMENT CHAMPIONS Finals Las Vegas NVNov 9-11 Special Discounted Airfare Call Irene Gerny CONTEMPORARY TRAVEL 800-3360033 Outside NYS 516-360-3663 NYS 190 Model Aviation Leader Small Airfoil Technology ort Mr Cole its origin Cole didnt know Ut SUrmiSed Langley might have obtained uring visits France Langleys own account Langley ifemoir Mechanical Flight can establish unaware planophores until least 887 some seven years after Pnauds death hat rules out possibility bought aodel Pnaud himself some have sug ested know however Langley rought back internal combustion engine aris 1900s years after rubber owered model experiments Its plausible ie might have purchased unidentified model t same time Another possibility model may have een Langleys own similar Aerodrome No 1 long series tested letter written author May 16 1988 Paul Garber com nented detail may determine whether ts original Pnaud copy made Lang ey member crewhe about half lozen expert craftsmen working himis its ongitudinal tubular metal Pnaud nay well have chosen material want say ts original Pnaud cant authenticate t Among people worked Langley luring 1895 Augustus Moore Herring mown have successfully designed flown ubber-powered models early 1893 Might e have fabricated planophore type Although itrong personality differences prevented two nen working together harmony Herring s said have designed built steam engines Ahich powered two Langleys aerodrome mod ls information tantalizing subject nay eventually surface Whatever origin Smithsonian planophore type its fascinat ing artifact photos have widely published Ehe Christy Magrath planophores dedicated talented model builders modern times Christy Magrath Christy per sonally examined Smithsonian planophore type documented drawings de scriptions Inked Walt Schroder illus Irations published article entitled After Alphonse May 1955 Model 4irplane News According Magrath model has bamboo surface members covered rice taper horizontal tail features wire mci lence adjustment device seen other pIano thore illustrations also has triangular verti al tail wing has no ribs distinctive onfiguration bent wood propeller notation drawing states Purchased y Dr S P Langley Paris 1871 ourse odds Langleys own record Memoir Magrath must have un tware discrepancy same page Model Airplane News irticle sketches traditional pIano hore making comparisons exceptionally easy Christy also constructed number pIano hore reproductions some flown ne display models donated Air orce Museum Dayton OH Another half-size lanophore presented former Model Air lane News Model Aviation editor Bill Winter kindly supplied photo raph Del Gattos planophores Also featured 4ay 1955 Model Airplane News article Paul E Del Gatto featured construction Irawings two planophores 1871 con riguration second employing modern techContinued page 192 U U I U U U U I I I I I I U U U U U U U U U U I I I U U U U I I I I I I I I BIG GLOW FUEL MANUFACTURED WITH THE PUREST FINEST QUALITY INGREDIENTS AVAILABLE * Superior Igniters Improve starting idle acceleration Youll notice power bargain fuels * 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soeth 4814 wing spas 0 lbs oh SIC odble [sodlog Gear OCDF2ggg 1 soale44 length 3210 span lb. mIx fEC 3-t oh IlIC g end AK-720 toss ecDF-tesggg One-Third Scale Piper TH-Pacer PA-22 2386 C25-2556 fr 1/3 Scale Piper Cub 1-3 ~7tIS wIng opso e gO leogob 5C302engines f2ggt Quarter Scale WWI SE-5A egr -- wing span 2220 sq wing area 70 22 engines RCQS7 6 SPAD C-XIII Ye span 21 20 sq wing area1 31031 engines Capable flyer captures inragination RCOS-h 6 FOKKER DR-i TRIPLANE 72 wing opax e 1772 sq ix wing area 70 100 engines RCOS-0 6 SOPWITH CAMEL F1 84 wing span- 2150 sq wiog ares e 11 ho wix RIC usood Ir baiss consouchon ocar 65 sq ft drawings RCOS-tl 6 Quarter Scale WWI Fokker D-VIINew 2 Hg uvingpon 2220 vs WiOo OrOO 00 2h cid nvginn oh bs hCOS h 5 Foil contilever wings no flying wirool Removal ongine unit Shocb mounted landing gear Oalnatplyorood fuselage built-op bloss wing Sill Effinger Founding Mnerber AMA NFFS Hell Fames Fri von aro fur vomyinte plons nub asnonrOly ft dotailod yarru juts PLEASE ADD 0208 for shippino Iweilins tuhel Now 1980 P100 Solo broohurO 0150 Iretundoblo yr Irrot urderli WE TECHNICAL SERVICES Ro 1 Box 2900 Santa Rosa Beach FL 32459 niques materials vintage version rubber winder-woundr exceeded 45 Seconds durationr updated pIano phore achieved 80-second flights indoors Reg Parhams planophore 1964 English man Reg Parham constructed planophore type model aviation history demonstrations model features bamboo flight surfaces flat-plate airfoils shellacked silk covering motor stick spruce propeller blades turkey tail feathers Weighing same Pnauds original model has achieved outdoor flights 40-second duration Bill Hannans planophore own reproduc tion constructed during 1978 inspired Southern California Antique Model Plane Soci ety SCAMPS contest pusher models pre war design Certainly Pnauds planophore quali fies score Balsa seemed contrary spirit historical modeling model constructed primarily basswood ever Japanese tissue employed covering since neighborhood hobby shop fresh out goldbeaters skin finished product weighed 16 grams approximately equal Pnauds planophores small effort involved construction amply rewarded enthusiastic comments fellow competi tors also helped adjust model also its garnering third-place trophy satisfy curiosity planophore also flown few times its vertical tail yes did fly however much greater care launching required During Flightmasters West Indoor contest model proxy flown Curtiss Walt Mooney officially timed flight 58 sec onds especially satisfying since P& naud himself sent planophore England during 1874 flown friend Thomas J Bennett Truly history does repeat itself name Charles Alphonse Penaud has forgorten does remarkable con tribution model aeronautics live pages history books street 20th district native city also bears name Addition ally FAI committee international aero modeling presents award Pnauds honor diploma originally proposed Hans J Meier Germany presented outstanding na tional international modelers characteristic modestyand little poetryPnaud prophesied planophore III II ASSES Washable Rugged Cap Sunglasses Flip Up/Down Adjust In/Out Snap On/Off Imprints Available IUltra Violet ProtectedI IPlease send _____________ caps Ive enclosedI I@ $795 plus $2 shipping handlingI ILens Colors 0 Amber El Smoke blueI Cap Colors El Black El White El Yellow El Green El Navy blue El Royal blue aroon []Grey ElRedI II El Please send information about imprinting lPLtA5t PRINT INumeI AddressI 1CityI StutnZip ________ RETURN WITH CHECK OR MONEY ORDER ONLY TO PIN-NIK SALES PO Box 647 RavenBa OH 44256 L 192 Model Aviation demonstrates possibilities stable equilib rium heart air promise grea machines considerable swiftness coule see life heart air today References research life work Alphonse Pnaud has long ongoing study Numer ous books periodicals have consulted yielded fragmentary informa tion useful references Alphonse Pnaud Aeroplane Automoteur lAeronaute Jan 1872 T J Bennett Notes France EleventA Annual Report Aeronautical Society oj Great Britain 1876 Octave Chanut Progress Flying Machine3 1894 Paul E Del Gatto Pgnauds Planophore Model Airplane News May 1955 Charles Dollfus Alphonse P6naud Icare Re vue de Aviation Francais No 38 1966 B far single comprehensive work available Continued page 194 ~~1~~I 209 645 5535 GOLDEN GATE HOBBIES PO BOX 27001 FRESNO CAUFORNIA 93729 M/C OR COD HA TORI TETTRA DIQICON IMMSK HATORI BLUEPRINT SHOWS ALL EXHAUST ITEMS FULL SIZE 2FT X 4FT $ 5 WE WANT NEW DEALERS I! HATORI 650 LONG PIPE $4350 TO DEALERS CATALOG $ 200 OR FREE Th ORDERS CHECK EM BOTH OUT NEW STARHAWK BIPLANE NEW MISS STARHAWK POSTER See your Starhawk Dealer tar details write Thorpe Engineering Corporation 1715 E Fairfield Mesa AZ 85203 Poster $500 P&H Prepaid 1300 A/C BUMP NEW 12113 FT LONG OUTSTANDING CONTROL MORE POWER KIT $3500O NEW GENESIS RIC FLY/IC WI/IC CL/MR 59 INCH WINWPAN EANI LAUNCH CUW SOAR TART KIT 2-3CM iUNTO FLY RUBBER POWER KITS-SUPPLIE PEANUT SCALE ANDREASONPIPER CUB MUSTANG ZERO PIETENPOL LACY GIPSY MOTHCOUGER RUBBER SPORT FLVING ACE MOTH *996 BOSTONIAN PUP *695 PRAIRIE BIRD 16 *896 ROG 1ST MODEL 8205 NOSE BEARINGS BRASS WASHERS PROPS 4TO 9 RUBBER TAN DUMMY CYL CLEAR VINTAGE WHEELS 300 PLANS TISSUEMANY MORE KITS COS ENGINES HUNGERFORD SILK L SPOKED WHEELS COMPLETE CATALOG $200 Penaud/Hannan Continued page 192 about Pnaud accomplishments S P Langley Experiments Small Mod els Langley Memoir Mechanical Flight Part 11911 S P Langley Flying Machine McClures Magazine June 1897 Article re printed Last Can Fly George Hardie Jr md] Christy Magrath After Alphonse Model Airplane News May 1955 Robert B Meyer Jr Langleys Model Aero En gine 1903 1976 Volume compiled Rob ert B Meyer Jr Nigel Mills Pnaud World War Aero April 1983 Reg Parham Indoor Vintage SAM 35 Year book Dec 1982 Pearl Young Alphonse Penauds Letters Aeronautics 1968 addition made use dozens letters historians enthusiasts patiently assisted encouraged research efforts Grateful thanks G James Alaback John J Brown L M Conover Paul E Garber Eugene Husting Herbert Kelley L S McCready Richard Mil ler Curtiss Walt Mooney Leonard Op dycke Richard Padgham Hewitt Viola Phil lips Bertram Pond Dick Seely Tom Schmitt Bill Warner Herbert K Weiss William Winter USA Assistance England supplied late C H Gibbs-Smith via Leonard Opdycke Ken McDonough J Bagley Peter Mann via Philip Jarrett also furnished additional material Pnauds own homeland France special appreciation George Chau let J F Frugoli Alain Parmentier anyone has overlooked sincere apologies Toledo/Berman Continued page 80 crutches Nothing much assured Just skiing accident Certainly wish Ivans recovery AMAs crew Toledo deserves mention setting up platoon leader Bob Underwood seen toting crates cases considered too heavy him handle Bob familiar readers magazine AMAs technical director former St Louis schoolteacher explained present job administrator refers specific technical problems qualified experts available added has fellows phone numbers good will superbusy spot show transmit ter checking station $10000 instrument called spectrum analyzer draws graph transmitters behavior grid su perimposed graph tells technician transmitter rated gold silver k Dave Hilsenhoff Warren Plohr Larry Dungan members AMA Fre quency Committee faithfully manned post three fellows have probably forgotten ever knew about mysterious world waves No female Navy personseven though Dave Larry received electronics degrees serving Un cle Sams boys girls blue Another matured whiz kid ran ledo Texan Bob Elliot Bob E E K Logitrol former RC radio manufacturer invented transistorized three-wire servo made possible truly proportional sets take granted today Also Bobs THE SUPERIOR GLOW PLUGS GO FAST FL YERS ARE BACK! Puts sting engine Unique flat-wound spiral coil element high temperature glass-to-metal seal add up faster ignition increased RPM 1/2A GloBee plugs designed exclusively 049/051 Cox engines Ask tar new GB-5RX Speed Plug GB-5R Racing Plug GB-5P Sport Plug local dealer today unavailable locally write call Twinn-K collect tor pricing delivery intormation FREE GloEee Catalog MAKE THE GLOBEE INDY CONNECTION Twinn-K Inc 10296 W Washington St Indianapolis IN 46231 Telephone 317-839-6579 FAX 317-839-8928 IRON temps vary day Stop guessing & buy handy Pocket Thermometer CeNIERrr credit expanded-scale voltmeter Only ledo provides opportunity meet such pion eers Casually attired Toledo visitor K Leroy Irvis conceals identity brilliant lawyer speaker emeritus Pennsylvania House Represen tatives genial confidant kings com moners alike speak Leroy avid OldTimer modeler staunch supporter hobby met up him taking delivery new Brown Jr model engine Yes thats right new Brown Jr Herb WahI Forkesville PA another su perbly talented citizen modeling world Hes retired Boeing aeronautical engineer has piloted own full-scale Piper Comanche married hang glider enthusiast also fell love early gasoline model engines today one-man engine factory turning out repli cas Brown Jr Hurleman Ohlsson Bunch higher quality originals Theres waiting list Herbs products Ohioan Miles Reed known over East one-man air show retired postal inspector Miles has hobby mere 38 years attended first Nats Willow Grove 1965 Seven RC clubs proudly list him life mem ber MilCs brought 6-ft 4-in-tall grandson Neil Solomon Toledo parcels out ad vice Sure talent model building flying nice serious diligent practice will go further Its will counts Soft-southern-drawled Pattern champion Steve Helms told us Futaba will provide narrowband update service some its older RC sys tems beginning next October Steve holds Ham license number WA6NLK acquired broad radio knowledge through superinten sive home study done after-work hours over three-year period Bobby Tom Airtronics proudly showed us prototype drape-shape transmitter like some others houses microcomputer syn thesized frequencies arrangement allows fliers change channels quickiy easily field system may also tnctuoe scanner will blow whistle tooclose radio waves such dirty pagers Although Hedda does endorse commercial products Airtronics system represents design philoso phy will undoubtedly fan out other forward-thinking radio manufacturers Due peculiar interspaced radio channeling some RC frequencies may prove hazardous especially certain metropolitan areas itself could dictate multifrequency sets economic neces sity Mike Barbee very personable Columbus ce Continued page 196 194 Model Aviation BOX 710399-MASANTEE CA 92072 qi wq.qyff5ff TEL 619 448-1818FAX 619 448-1833
Edition: Model Aviation - 1990/08
Page Numbers: 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 190, 191, 192, 194
today early French pioneer flying models opened doors both modeling full-size aviation story still makes fascinating reading today U Bill Hannan THE STORY Charles Alphonse Pnaud pronounced pay-know early pioneer model airplanes deserves better known fact 19th-century Frenchman may have influential modeler time Born 1850 Paris Nnaud expected carry family tradition career maritime service However complications severe hip injury rendered him phys ically unfit naval service Obliged walk crutches young age plagued discomfort short life Mild modest nature Pnaud also something wunderkind quisitive Leonardo da Vinci inter ests included bird flight balloons ballistics mathematics meteorology high-speed pho tography hydrodynamics rocketry aero dynamics much Ualike theoreticians Alphonse ability re duce complex abstract ideas simple terms demonstrate practical hardware 1876 Pnaud partner Paul Gauchot designed patented innova tive full-size aircraft flying wing also featured such astonishingly advanced con cepts retractable landing gear enclosed cockpit extensive instrumentation automatic pilot Pnaud made frequent use models aerodynamic experiments conclu sively proved low-risk low-cost ad vantages So successful models fact Pnaud rather resented some contemporaries un able equal results Although experimented kites well model Helicopters Ornithop drawing executed Bill Noonan de picts Charles Alphonse P6naud launching rubber-powered models called planophore hip injury youth incapacitated him short life ters discussion will concentrate nauds model airplanes called planophores Unfortunately brilliant Frenchman never able gain financial support encouragement carry out ideas vital inventor frustration compounded failing health drove Pnaud deep depression 1880 30 years age ended own life depriving aeronautical world its talented experiment ers Tragic Alphonse Pnauds 7 Penaud Plan op hores August 1990 63 Silk covered wire rotors Bow string power Al V V V V V V 4 IP6nauds own sketch L AERONAUTE Jan 1 1872 P6naud Helicopter 1870 Commercial lv reproduced Antoin Breguet pilnes Bird Gliders MODELES DAEROPLANES 1910 Reproductions early Helicopter bird glider drawings Including three P6naud-deslgned Helicopters Produced between 1870 1874 Helicopters achieved some success flight durations up 26 seconds some hovering ability became quite popular time several variations commercially manufactured toys Wright brothers came possess lifework aviation least lost original concepts designs influ ence beyond generation surviving achievements other pathbreakers inspired Among scions P& nauds aeronautical genius two young fellows named Wilbur Orville Wright Penauds experiments model aviation wide-ranging addition cate gory models named plano phores young Frenchman designed flew Ornithopters Helicopters Al though have unable locate illus trations Nnaud also flew kites would welcome assistance readers may know existence illus trations Pnauds kites liest aeronautical experiments Historical ac counts suggest first constructed re constructed model Helicopter yin tage Launoy Bienvenu type de vice employed bow-and-string arrange ment power contrarotating silk-covered wire rotors Its duration extremely brief performance impressive era Though Englishman Sir George Cayley produced similar model fea turing bird feather rotors 1795 Nnaud didnt learn about until years after own experiments Other experimenters tried clockspring-powered Helicopters disap pointing results machines .par took character aerial som mersault true flight no sooner commenced ascend spring run down screws stopped After investigating existing con cepts Pdnaud conceived single farreaching idea wound rubber motor Its important note made no claim having invented rubber powerand correct ly Indian rubber caoutchouc French employed flying models Pierre Jullien 1858 proposed Sir George Cayley earlier However mechanisms depended upon rubber 64 Model Aviation Launoy 8 lenvenue Helicopter 1784 Pnaud Helicopter 18701874 Helicopters among Nnauds earThe Bill Hannan planophore full flight model built 1978 motivated contest pusher-type models prewar design certainly qualified prewari C 11 AB 3 H 33view drawings P4naud letter T J Bennett December 3 1874 CD -I P6nauds own QH cr6B 2view LAERONAUTE January 1 1872 IINAa N FLIGHT May 27 1911 0 Harold Beer sketch AEROMODEL NG Ray Malmstrom 1961 DE LAERONAUTIQUE Dol Ifus Bouche 1942 Source unknown based upon LA NATURE engraving / 41 Could4 function PROGRESS IN FLYING MACHINES Octave Chanute 1894 AEROMODELES J Gulllemard 1961 Optical illusion August 1990 65 Albert TissandierLA NATURE engraving Aerornodelling AERONAUTICS 'N N K N Model Aviation -- n David Jr FLYING ACES 1942 9 Drawing based upon Smithsonian Institution Planophore type otograph found Langleys workshop Paul GaroerNote similarities during 1920sNo 11 Langley Aerodrome MECHANIX LLUSTRATED Reproduced LA NAVIGATION AERIENNE JLecornu 1903Original Source unknown Reproduced BRIEF HISTORY OF FLYING C H GibbsSmith 1967 U TABLEAU DAVIATION EDieuaide 1880 Also AIRCRAFT 1913 VOLKSBUCHER DER TECHNIK FLUGZEUGE CIRCA 1913 LANGLEY MEMOIR ON MECHANICAL FLIGHT Langley Manley SmIthsonian InstItutIon 1911 CMODEL AVIATION Langleys No 11 \ K CLURES MAGAZINE S P Langley article June 1897 drawings represent some research conducted Samuel Pierpont Langley thIrd secretary Smithsonian Institution rubber-powered flight met limited success several nearly 40 models built closely resembled P6nauds designs C H [I 0 Aerodrome Bill Hannan strip stretched lengthwise tension around revolving spool spindle capable storing tremendous power method offered brief duration ex erted considerable strain machinery consequently needed strong heavy contrast Pnauds innovation em ployed rubber strands torsion twisted allowing simpler lighter airframes ex tended duration Although moderate performance todays standards Pnauds little Helicop ters sensational 1870 yielding flight durations 15 26 seconds demonstrating some hovering ability Delighted audiences applauded clever models soon adapted com mercial manufacture playthings widely marketed Among eventu ally received such flying toy young Wilbur Orville Wright pianophores Alphonse turned attention fixed-wing flight tunate knowing Joseph M Pline skilled design tiny paper oi seaus birds papillons butterflies Pline painstakingly determined princi ples balance incidence dihedral gles providing automatic equilibrium essential Free Flight models combining improved variations Plines self-stabilizing features own rubber-in-torsion motors Pnaud created series simple model airplane designs called planophores experimented contrarotating pro pellers minimize torque influences soon discovered much easier ways achieving similar results Simply adding small amount ballast models wing tip and/or setting wing panel slightly greater incidence angle other worked effectively counteracting torque Pnaud also tried tractor front mounted propellers though favored single pusher propeller protection event collisions Although Pnaud tested multiple blades preferred two-bladed arrangements simplicity damage resistance since could lie flat during landing didnt want complicate models increase weight landing gear educational entertainment value Pnauds models resoundingly prov en during 1871 outdoor public demon strations Paris famous Gardens Tuiler ies inside beautiful Horticultural Hall demonstrations brought much favorable publicity both planophores creator Although planophores constructed P6naud associates various forms different styles diverse re sults successful fliers seem have spanned 18 24 18-inspan example about 4-in wing root chord 20-in-long fuselage stick 8in-dia propeller blades generally made paper sometimes bird feathers front rear motor hooks steel wire wings constructed bird feather quills pinned together covered goldbeaters skin Dihedral either shallow V form achieved simply curving wing tips gracefully upward wing assembly could slid along fuselage stick adjust balance inci dence angles individual wing panels could altered similarly constructed horizontal tail also adjustable inci dence its tips could raised added stability Some planophores equipped vertical tailplane Pnaud likened steering function provided ships rudder tailplane rarely ever shown early illustrations Wait Mooney launching Bill Hannans pianophore Fiightmasters West indoor contest Wait proxy-flew Bills pianophore officially clocked 58-second flight model weighs 16 grams about equal P6naud original its built basswood tissue covered August 1990 67 beautifully executed display model photographed Frank Scott P6naud planophore built Christy Magrath dedicated talented model builders modern times donated US Air Force Museum Wright-Patterson AFB Dayton OH late Charles Dollfus renowned exhausted French aviation historian noted de- Total weight 18-in-span plano scription Pdnauds planophores phore 16 grams little under could add vertical rudder seems imply provided optional accessory An account Progress Flying Machines Octave Cha nut confirms assumption least case Pdnauds Garden Tuileries demon strator Chanute tells us ided hor izontally small vertical rudder shown figure flew several times circle falling gently ground near its starting point power rubber thirdfive gramssupplied rubber motor Flight durations ranging 11 13 seconds documented dis tances 130 200 feet Considering year 1871 thats bad Illustrations planophores aviation tory books commonplace theyre seldom examined carefully Though first glance may seem look alike have encountered amazing variety such illustrations course re search article arranged gether differences among ob vious partial explanation after variety planophore config urations built Individual interpretations different artists probably added varia tion still oldest published planophore draw ings aware appeared January 1 1872 issue lAeronaute Drawn Pnaud himself sketches obviously freehand simplified intended provide readers general idea rather convey technical accu racy example top view omits wing stabilizer ribs well vertical tail although Nnaud specifically mentions latter written description addi tion side view proportions dont ex actly correspond top view again criticism can leveled modem three-view drawings Possibly earliest artistic planophore il lustration published la Nature April 17 1875 engraving credited two artists Albert Tissandier second name illegible Two different plan ophores depicted first seen di rect top view features gracefully curved trailing edges inner wing roots other model shown distorted perspec tive heavily scalloped trailing edges straight wing roots background engraving muddy de leted later copies greater clarity would seem majority subse quent planophore drawings simplified rehashes 1875 engraving vari ety subtle subtle changes made copying process probably reflected individual artists talent lack thereofl well degree tech nical orientation Note instance propeller hooks missing some illustrations Latter-day planophores Interest P& nauds fascinating flying machines has con tinued present reproductions Pnaud Planophores have built some actual flying others mu seum displays conversation pieces Lets take look some models people have helped sustain interest unique airplanes Aerodromes Samuel Pierpont Langley third secretary Smithsonian Insti tution accomplished scientist astronomer became interested aerial nav igation about 1886 During 1887 six years after Pnauds death Langley em barked upon study free-flying mod els collectively termed aero dromes did initially know Pd nauds planophore designs clearly docu mented Langley Memoir Mechan ical Flight device attracted little no tice unfamiliar beContinued page 190 68 Model Aviation half-size display planophore photographed Frank Pierce also built Christy Magrath Bill Winter former editor Model Aviation magazineThe model has nine-inch wingspan wooden fuselage stick twisted metal strips simuiste rubber motor Available black red white sizes 1$325 2375 21/4425 2V2475 Spinners new Master Airscrew spinner series features aluminum backplate true running cones made engineering grade nylon strength resist starter burn spinners easily mounted two screws custom fit Master Airscrew propellers black red white See Hobby Dealer MASTER AIRSCREW propellers accessories WINDSOR PROPELLER CO 3219 Monier Circle Rancho Cordova CA 95742 Embry-omatic/De Loach Continued page 186 dope applied Once tissue properly shrunk warps removed surfaces can doped 50/50 mixture dope thinner well plasticized castor oil TCP tri-creosol phosphate four drops per ounce dope/thinner Assembly Glue %2 balsa shim under wing leading edge correct incidence shown plan Youll notice wing rubberbanded #10 rubberbands place rather glued may glue prefer popoff wing surely does help inevitable rough landings DT dethermalizer also optional al though strongly recommend installing Dont let models small size its Embryo status fool underestimating its perform ance potentialand consequent need dether malizer Like gutsy flier model will fol low wherever good thermal leadsin other words 005 out-of-sight Another reason dethermalizer enables adjust decalage small shims under trailing edge stabilizer rest case Before rigging stabilizer fuselage rudders subrudder youre building must glued place Embellishing model wheel pants make sure wheels rotate freely inside cock pit details windscreen headrest exhaust pipes made aluminum tubing CyAd place greatly improves appearance ex haust pipes shown plans exact placement unimportant As described ear lier detailing model will also earn bonus points Bend shaft seven-inch Peck gray plastic prop using reverse S-hook made /32 music wire Flying Its best start motor youll probably end up Use 25-in loop %-in rubber noted plan model built light should have motor should give excellent results Install motor balance model CG center-of-gravity location marked plan Add clay nose until balance achieved Test glide model over soft grass during calm early morning evening Adjust sta bilizer shims until airplane settles nsce floating glide Induce gentle right left glide turn adjusting rudder accordingly well wind about hundred turns first powered flight Gradually work way up more turns mak ing adjustments necessary Youll probably have put little downthrust did power builds up Also youll need shim little right left thrust model will circle un der power Try both right left thrust will work better other model haves differently Once again try everything see what works best model excitement really begins once model balanced trimmed flying correctly Now its time see just Embry-omatically airplane performsand believe perform word new FAI Model Supply tan rubber Im able crank 2500 turns yielding motor run easily minute half kind power dont forget light DT fuse Any questions about Embry-omatic may addressed author 3428 Bryn Mawr Dal las TX 75225 Suppliers Peck-Polymers PO Box 2498 La Mesa CA 92041 tissue props glue Old Timer Model Supply PO Box 7334 Van Nuys CA 91409 tissue wood wire props Champion Model Products 880 Carmen Court La Verne CA 91750 wood tissue DT fuse thodonix bands rubber lube FAI Model Supply PO Box 3957 Torrance CA 90510 rubber Bob Wilder 2010 Boston Irving TX 75061 201 winder Join NFFS today Penaud/Hannan Continued page 68 gan own first constructions Alleghany 1887 Langley did learn Pnaud 1872 1 Aeronaure article adopted Pnaud concepts some own aerodrome models Langleys planophore-type designs identi fled Aerodrome No 11 illustrated both drawing photograph Memoir Curiously Langley seems have employec twisted rubber power earliest models Perhaps may have learned some Francois Dandrieux butterflies widely marketed early 1879 would poetic justice indeed since butter flies commercial adaptations P6nauds Helicopters Two examples Dandricux models Smithsonian collection years Might Langley have brought Although constructed nearly 40 rubberpowered models before 1893 experimented wide variety configurations Langley achieved limited success can share frustration recalled wings general flat some cases curved rubber usually wound about 100 turns trou ble continually arose its kinldng une qual unwinding often caused erratic flights Langley also encountered frequent breakages After reading Pnauds 13-second duration planophore flight candidly wrote have never obtained good result rubber motor added longest flights obtainable did exceed six eight sec onds time nor 80 100 feet distance brief owing spas modic action rubber other causes ir regular extremely difficult obtain imperfect results actually de duced what would certainly appear have retrogressive move Langley turned during 1895 models powered rubber tension surprisingly gave poor results com plex weighty mechanisms models still exist Smithsonian collection Langley also considered rejected power plants employing gunpowder hot water com pressed air electricity carbon dioxide before achieving some success steam fi nally gasoline 1896 steam-powered Aero drome identified No 5 suggests revised numbering system unrelated rubber-driven model series Langley planophore type During 1920s Paul Garber now historian emeritus Ramsey Fellow National Air Space Museum touring Langleys long-dormant shop building Smithsonian Institution Among paraphernalia old model planophore configuration Garber asked es BLIILD*CD*MODELS* am sOll making wsId famous histonic inc modet plans aailable Foim 1/32 5/C C/L F/F ubben stetjo Ill tlnem anymt,e145t plans Real choiCe items Ask old time model 0500 ohotolanhle youaelt long, send Si * fo te CleoolandSesignd piotoojal catalog booklet bannially illustated pioe list St Foeign odd St Al MaiL Non I, Sam day seeioe hOot no dealoo enteR museums [Edund 7 Panku,d4ticlicn Bnl -innd CLEVELAND MODEL & SUPPLY 7B Dotnoit Cloteland OH 44102V-* TOURNAMENT CHAMPIONS Finals Las Vegas NVNov 9-11 Special Discounted Airfare Call Irene Gerny CONTEMPORARY TRAVEL 800-3360033 Outside NYS 516-360-3663 NYS 190 Model Aviation Leader Small Airfoil Technology ort Mr Cole its origin Cole didnt know Ut SUrmiSed Langley might have obtained uring visits France Langleys own account Langley ifemoir Mechanical Flight can establish unaware planophores until least 887 some seven years after Pnauds death hat rules out possibility bought aodel Pnaud himself some have sug ested know however Langley rought back internal combustion engine aris 1900s years after rubber owered model experiments Its plausible ie might have purchased unidentified model t same time Another possibility model may have een Langleys own similar Aerodrome No 1 long series tested letter written author May 16 1988 Paul Garber com nented detail may determine whether ts original Pnaud copy made Lang ey member crewhe about half lozen expert craftsmen working himis its ongitudinal tubular metal Pnaud nay well have chosen material want say ts original Pnaud cant authenticate t Among people worked Langley luring 1895 Augustus Moore Herring mown have successfully designed flown ubber-powered models early 1893 Might e have fabricated planophore type Although itrong personality differences prevented two nen working together harmony Herring s said have designed built steam engines Ahich powered two Langleys aerodrome mod ls information tantalizing subject nay eventually surface Whatever origin Smithsonian planophore type its fascinat ing artifact photos have widely published Ehe Christy Magrath planophores dedicated talented model builders modern times Christy Magrath Christy per sonally examined Smithsonian planophore type documented drawings de scriptions Inked Walt Schroder illus Irations published article entitled After Alphonse May 1955 Model 4irplane News According Magrath model has bamboo surface members covered rice taper horizontal tail features wire mci lence adjustment device seen other pIano thore illustrations also has triangular verti al tail wing has no ribs distinctive onfiguration bent wood propeller notation drawing states Purchased y Dr S P Langley Paris 1871 ourse odds Langleys own record Memoir Magrath must have un tware discrepancy same page Model Airplane News irticle sketches traditional pIano hore making comparisons exceptionally easy Christy also constructed number pIano hore reproductions some flown ne display models donated Air orce Museum Dayton OH Another half-size lanophore presented former Model Air lane News Model Aviation editor Bill Winter kindly supplied photo raph Del Gattos planophores Also featured 4ay 1955 Model Airplane News article Paul E Del Gatto featured construction Irawings two planophores 1871 con riguration second employing modern techContinued page 192 U U I U U U U I I I I I I U U U U U U U U U U I I I U U U U I I I I I I I I BIG GLOW FUEL MANUFACTURED WITH THE PUREST FINEST QUALITY INGREDIENTS AVAILABLE * Superior Igniters Improve starting idle acceleration Youll notice power bargain fuels * 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soeth 4814 wing spas 0 lbs oh SIC odble [sodlog Gear OCDF2ggg 1 soale44 length 3210 span lb. mIx fEC 3-t oh IlIC g end AK-720 toss ecDF-tesggg One-Third Scale Piper TH-Pacer PA-22 2386 C25-2556 fr 1/3 Scale Piper Cub 1-3 ~7tIS wIng opso e gO leogob 5C302engines f2ggt Quarter Scale WWI SE-5A egr -- wing span 2220 sq wing area 70 22 engines RCQS7 6 SPAD C-XIII Ye span 21 20 sq wing area1 31031 engines Capable flyer captures inragination RCOS-h 6 FOKKER DR-i TRIPLANE 72 wing opax e 1772 sq ix wing area 70 100 engines RCOS-0 6 SOPWITH CAMEL F1 84 wing span- 2150 sq wiog ares e 11 ho wix RIC usood Ir baiss consouchon ocar 65 sq ft drawings RCOS-tl 6 Quarter Scale WWI Fokker D-VIINew 2 Hg uvingpon 2220 vs WiOo OrOO 00 2h cid nvginn oh bs hCOS h 5 Foil contilever wings no flying wirool Removal ongine unit Shocb mounted landing gear Oalnatplyorood fuselage built-op bloss wing Sill Effinger Founding Mnerber AMA NFFS Hell Fames Fri von aro fur vomyinte plons nub asnonrOly ft dotailod yarru juts PLEASE ADD 0208 for shippino Iweilins tuhel Now 1980 P100 Solo broohurO 0150 Iretundoblo yr Irrot urderli WE TECHNICAL SERVICES Ro 1 Box 2900 Santa Rosa Beach FL 32459 niques materials vintage version rubber winder-woundr exceeded 45 Seconds durationr updated pIano phore achieved 80-second flights indoors Reg Parhams planophore 1964 English man Reg Parham constructed planophore type model aviation history demonstrations model features bamboo flight surfaces flat-plate airfoils shellacked silk covering motor stick spruce propeller blades turkey tail feathers Weighing same Pnauds original model has achieved outdoor flights 40-second duration Bill Hannans planophore own reproduc tion constructed during 1978 inspired Southern California Antique Model Plane Soci ety SCAMPS contest pusher models pre war design Certainly Pnauds planophore quali fies score Balsa seemed contrary spirit historical modeling model constructed primarily basswood ever Japanese tissue employed covering since neighborhood hobby shop fresh out goldbeaters skin finished product weighed 16 grams approximately equal Pnauds planophores small effort involved construction amply rewarded enthusiastic comments fellow competi tors also helped adjust model also its garnering third-place trophy satisfy curiosity planophore also flown few times its vertical tail yes did fly however much greater care launching required During Flightmasters West Indoor contest model proxy flown Curtiss Walt Mooney officially timed flight 58 sec onds especially satisfying since P& naud himself sent planophore England during 1874 flown friend Thomas J Bennett Truly history does repeat itself name Charles Alphonse Penaud has forgorten does remarkable con tribution model aeronautics live pages history books street 20th district native city also bears name Addition ally FAI committee international aero modeling presents award Pnauds honor diploma originally proposed Hans J Meier Germany presented outstanding na tional international modelers characteristic modestyand little poetryPnaud prophesied planophore III II ASSES Washable Rugged Cap Sunglasses Flip Up/Down Adjust In/Out Snap On/Off Imprints Available IUltra Violet ProtectedI IPlease send _____________ caps Ive enclosedI I@ $795 plus $2 shipping handlingI ILens Colors 0 Amber El Smoke blueI Cap Colors El Black El White El Yellow El Green El Navy blue El Royal blue aroon []Grey ElRedI II El Please send information about imprinting lPLtA5t PRINT INumeI AddressI 1CityI StutnZip ________ RETURN WITH CHECK OR MONEY ORDER ONLY TO PIN-NIK SALES PO Box 647 RavenBa OH 44256 L 192 Model Aviation demonstrates possibilities stable equilib rium heart air promise grea machines considerable swiftness coule see life heart air today References research life work Alphonse Pnaud has long ongoing study Numer ous books periodicals have consulted yielded fragmentary informa tion useful references Alphonse Pnaud Aeroplane Automoteur lAeronaute Jan 1872 T J Bennett Notes France EleventA Annual Report Aeronautical Society oj Great Britain 1876 Octave Chanut Progress Flying Machine3 1894 Paul E Del Gatto Pgnauds Planophore Model Airplane News May 1955 Charles Dollfus Alphonse P6naud Icare Re vue de Aviation Francais No 38 1966 B far single comprehensive work available Continued page 194 ~~1~~I 209 645 5535 GOLDEN GATE HOBBIES PO BOX 27001 FRESNO CAUFORNIA 93729 M/C OR COD HA TORI TETTRA DIQICON IMMSK HATORI BLUEPRINT SHOWS ALL EXHAUST ITEMS FULL SIZE 2FT X 4FT $ 5 WE WANT NEW DEALERS I! HATORI 650 LONG PIPE $4350 TO DEALERS CATALOG $ 200 OR FREE Th ORDERS CHECK EM BOTH OUT NEW STARHAWK BIPLANE NEW MISS STARHAWK POSTER See your Starhawk Dealer tar details write Thorpe Engineering Corporation 1715 E Fairfield Mesa AZ 85203 Poster $500 P&H Prepaid 1300 A/C BUMP NEW 12113 FT LONG OUTSTANDING CONTROL MORE POWER KIT $3500O NEW GENESIS RIC FLY/IC WI/IC CL/MR 59 INCH WINWPAN EANI LAUNCH CUW SOAR TART KIT 2-3CM iUNTO FLY RUBBER POWER KITS-SUPPLIE PEANUT SCALE ANDREASONPIPER CUB MUSTANG ZERO PIETENPOL LACY GIPSY MOTHCOUGER RUBBER SPORT FLVING ACE MOTH *996 BOSTONIAN PUP *695 PRAIRIE BIRD 16 *896 ROG 1ST MODEL 8205 NOSE BEARINGS BRASS WASHERS PROPS 4TO 9 RUBBER TAN DUMMY CYL CLEAR VINTAGE WHEELS 300 PLANS TISSUEMANY MORE KITS COS ENGINES HUNGERFORD SILK L SPOKED WHEELS COMPLETE CATALOG $200 Penaud/Hannan Continued page 192 about Pnaud accomplishments S P Langley Experiments Small Mod els Langley Memoir Mechanical Flight Part 11911 S P Langley Flying Machine McClures Magazine June 1897 Article re printed Last Can Fly George Hardie Jr md] Christy Magrath After Alphonse Model Airplane News May 1955 Robert B Meyer Jr Langleys Model Aero En gine 1903 1976 Volume compiled Rob ert B Meyer Jr Nigel Mills Pnaud World War Aero April 1983 Reg Parham Indoor Vintage SAM 35 Year book Dec 1982 Pearl Young Alphonse Penauds Letters Aeronautics 1968 addition made use dozens letters historians enthusiasts patiently assisted encouraged research efforts Grateful thanks G James Alaback John J Brown L M Conover Paul E Garber Eugene Husting Herbert Kelley L S McCready Richard Mil ler Curtiss Walt Mooney Leonard Op dycke Richard Padgham Hewitt Viola Phil lips Bertram Pond Dick Seely Tom Schmitt Bill Warner Herbert K Weiss William Winter USA Assistance England supplied late C H Gibbs-Smith via Leonard Opdycke Ken McDonough J Bagley Peter Mann via Philip Jarrett also furnished additional material Pnauds own homeland France special appreciation George Chau let J F Frugoli Alain Parmentier anyone has overlooked sincere apologies Toledo/Berman Continued page 80 crutches Nothing much assured Just skiing accident Certainly wish Ivans recovery AMAs crew Toledo deserves mention setting up platoon leader Bob Underwood seen toting crates cases considered too heavy him handle Bob familiar readers magazine AMAs technical director former St Louis schoolteacher explained present job administrator refers specific technical problems qualified experts available added has fellows phone numbers good will superbusy spot show transmit ter checking station $10000 instrument called spectrum analyzer draws graph transmitters behavior grid su perimposed graph tells technician transmitter rated gold silver k Dave Hilsenhoff Warren Plohr Larry Dungan members AMA Fre quency Committee faithfully manned post three fellows have probably forgotten ever knew about mysterious world waves No female Navy personseven though Dave Larry received electronics degrees serving Un cle Sams boys girls blue Another matured whiz kid ran ledo Texan Bob Elliot Bob E E K Logitrol former RC radio manufacturer invented transistorized three-wire servo made possible truly proportional sets take granted today Also Bobs THE SUPERIOR GLOW PLUGS GO FAST FL YERS ARE BACK! Puts sting engine Unique flat-wound spiral coil element high temperature glass-to-metal seal add up faster ignition increased RPM 1/2A GloBee plugs designed exclusively 049/051 Cox engines Ask tar new GB-5RX Speed Plug GB-5R Racing Plug GB-5P Sport Plug local dealer today unavailable locally write call Twinn-K collect tor pricing delivery intormation FREE GloEee Catalog MAKE THE GLOBEE INDY CONNECTION Twinn-K Inc 10296 W Washington St Indianapolis IN 46231 Telephone 317-839-6579 FAX 317-839-8928 IRON temps vary day Stop guessing & buy handy Pocket Thermometer CeNIERrr credit expanded-scale voltmeter Only ledo provides opportunity meet such pion eers Casually attired Toledo visitor K Leroy Irvis conceals identity brilliant lawyer speaker emeritus Pennsylvania House Represen tatives genial confidant kings com moners alike speak Leroy avid OldTimer modeler staunch supporter hobby met up him taking delivery new Brown Jr model engine Yes thats right new Brown Jr Herb WahI Forkesville PA another su perbly talented citizen modeling world Hes retired Boeing aeronautical engineer has piloted own full-scale Piper Comanche married hang glider enthusiast also fell love early gasoline model engines today one-man engine factory turning out repli cas Brown Jr Hurleman Ohlsson Bunch higher quality originals Theres waiting list Herbs products Ohioan Miles Reed known over East one-man air show retired postal inspector Miles has hobby mere 38 years attended first Nats Willow Grove 1965 Seven RC clubs proudly list him life mem ber MilCs brought 6-ft 4-in-tall grandson Neil Solomon Toledo parcels out ad vice Sure talent model building flying nice serious diligent practice will go further Its will counts Soft-southern-drawled Pattern champion Steve Helms told us Futaba will provide narrowband update service some its older RC sys tems beginning next October Steve holds Ham license number WA6NLK acquired broad radio knowledge through superinten sive home study done after-work hours over three-year period Bobby Tom Airtronics proudly showed us prototype drape-shape transmitter like some others houses microcomputer syn thesized frequencies arrangement allows fliers change channels quickiy easily field system may also tnctuoe scanner will blow whistle tooclose radio waves such dirty pagers Although Hedda does endorse commercial products Airtronics system represents design philoso phy will undoubtedly fan out other forward-thinking radio manufacturers Due peculiar interspaced radio channeling some RC frequencies may prove hazardous especially certain metropolitan areas itself could dictate multifrequency sets economic neces sity Mike Barbee very personable Columbus ce Continued page 196 194 Model Aviation BOX 710399-MASANTEE CA 92072 qi wq.qyff5ff TEL 619 448-1818FAX 619 448-1833
Edition: Model Aviation - 1990/08
Page Numbers: 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 190, 191, 192, 194
today early French pioneer flying models opened doors both modeling full-size aviation story still makes fascinating reading today U Bill Hannan THE STORY Charles Alphonse Pnaud pronounced pay-know early pioneer model airplanes deserves better known fact 19th-century Frenchman may have influential modeler time Born 1850 Paris Nnaud expected carry family tradition career maritime service However complications severe hip injury rendered him phys ically unfit naval service Obliged walk crutches young age plagued discomfort short life Mild modest nature Pnaud also something wunderkind quisitive Leonardo da Vinci inter ests included bird flight balloons ballistics mathematics meteorology high-speed pho tography hydrodynamics rocketry aero dynamics much Ualike theoreticians Alphonse ability re duce complex abstract ideas simple terms demonstrate practical hardware 1876 Pnaud partner Paul Gauchot designed patented innova tive full-size aircraft flying wing also featured such astonishingly advanced con cepts retractable landing gear enclosed cockpit extensive instrumentation automatic pilot Pnaud made frequent use models aerodynamic experiments conclu sively proved low-risk low-cost ad vantages So successful models fact Pnaud rather resented some contemporaries un able equal results Although experimented kites well model Helicopters Ornithop drawing executed Bill Noonan de picts Charles Alphonse P6naud launching rubber-powered models called planophore hip injury youth incapacitated him short life ters discussion will concentrate nauds model airplanes called planophores Unfortunately brilliant Frenchman never able gain financial support encouragement carry out ideas vital inventor frustration compounded failing health drove Pnaud deep depression 1880 30 years age ended own life depriving aeronautical world its talented experiment ers Tragic Alphonse Pnauds 7 Penaud Plan op hores August 1990 63 Silk covered wire rotors Bow string power Al V V V V V V 4 IP6nauds own sketch L AERONAUTE Jan 1 1872 P6naud Helicopter 1870 Commercial lv reproduced Antoin Breguet pilnes Bird Gliders MODELES DAEROPLANES 1910 Reproductions early Helicopter bird glider drawings Including three P6naud-deslgned Helicopters Produced between 1870 1874 Helicopters achieved some success flight durations up 26 seconds some hovering ability became quite popular time several variations commercially manufactured toys Wright brothers came possess lifework aviation least lost original concepts designs influ ence beyond generation surviving achievements other pathbreakers inspired Among scions P& nauds aeronautical genius two young fellows named Wilbur Orville Wright Penauds experiments model aviation wide-ranging addition cate gory models named plano phores young Frenchman designed flew Ornithopters Helicopters Al though have unable locate illus trations Nnaud also flew kites would welcome assistance readers may know existence illus trations Pnauds kites liest aeronautical experiments Historical ac counts suggest first constructed re constructed model Helicopter yin tage Launoy Bienvenu type de vice employed bow-and-string arrange ment power contrarotating silk-covered wire rotors Its duration extremely brief performance impressive era Though Englishman Sir George Cayley produced similar model fea turing bird feather rotors 1795 Nnaud didnt learn about until years after own experiments Other experimenters tried clockspring-powered Helicopters disap pointing results machines .par took character aerial som mersault true flight no sooner commenced ascend spring run down screws stopped After investigating existing con cepts Pdnaud conceived single farreaching idea wound rubber motor Its important note made no claim having invented rubber powerand correct ly Indian rubber caoutchouc French employed flying models Pierre Jullien 1858 proposed Sir George Cayley earlier However mechanisms depended upon rubber 64 Model Aviation Launoy 8 lenvenue Helicopter 1784 Pnaud Helicopter 18701874 Helicopters among Nnauds earThe Bill Hannan planophore full flight model built 1978 motivated contest pusher-type models prewar design certainly qualified prewari C 11 AB 3 H 33view drawings P4naud letter T J Bennett December 3 1874 CD -I P6nauds own QH cr6B 2view LAERONAUTE January 1 1872 IINAa N FLIGHT May 27 1911 0 Harold Beer sketch AEROMODEL NG Ray Malmstrom 1961 DE LAERONAUTIQUE Dol Ifus Bouche 1942 Source unknown based upon LA NATURE engraving / 41 Could4 function PROGRESS IN FLYING MACHINES Octave Chanute 1894 AEROMODELES J Gulllemard 1961 Optical illusion August 1990 65 Albert TissandierLA NATURE engraving Aerornodelling AERONAUTICS 'N N K N Model Aviation -- n David Jr FLYING ACES 1942 9 Drawing based upon Smithsonian Institution Planophore type otograph found Langleys workshop Paul GaroerNote similarities during 1920sNo 11 Langley Aerodrome MECHANIX LLUSTRATED Reproduced LA NAVIGATION AERIENNE JLecornu 1903Original Source unknown Reproduced BRIEF HISTORY OF FLYING C H GibbsSmith 1967 U TABLEAU DAVIATION EDieuaide 1880 Also AIRCRAFT 1913 VOLKSBUCHER DER TECHNIK FLUGZEUGE CIRCA 1913 LANGLEY MEMOIR ON MECHANICAL FLIGHT Langley Manley SmIthsonian InstItutIon 1911 CMODEL AVIATION Langleys No 11 \ K CLURES MAGAZINE S P Langley article June 1897 drawings represent some research conducted Samuel Pierpont Langley thIrd secretary Smithsonian Institution rubber-powered flight met limited success several nearly 40 models built closely resembled P6nauds designs C H [I 0 Aerodrome Bill Hannan strip stretched lengthwise tension around revolving spool spindle capable storing tremendous power method offered brief duration ex erted considerable strain machinery consequently needed strong heavy contrast Pnauds innovation em ployed rubber strands torsion twisted allowing simpler lighter airframes ex tended duration Although moderate performance todays standards Pnauds little Helicop ters sensational 1870 yielding flight durations 15 26 seconds demonstrating some hovering ability Delighted audiences applauded clever models soon adapted com mercial manufacture playthings widely marketed Among eventu ally received such flying toy young Wilbur Orville Wright pianophores Alphonse turned attention fixed-wing flight tunate knowing Joseph M Pline skilled design tiny paper oi seaus birds papillons butterflies Pline painstakingly determined princi ples balance incidence dihedral gles providing automatic equilibrium essential Free Flight models combining improved variations Plines self-stabilizing features own rubber-in-torsion motors Pnaud created series simple model airplane designs called planophores experimented contrarotating pro pellers minimize torque influences soon discovered much easier ways achieving similar results Simply adding small amount ballast models wing tip and/or setting wing panel slightly greater incidence angle other worked effectively counteracting torque Pnaud also tried tractor front mounted propellers though favored single pusher propeller protection event collisions Although Pnaud tested multiple blades preferred two-bladed arrangements simplicity damage resistance since could lie flat during landing didnt want complicate models increase weight landing gear educational entertainment value Pnauds models resoundingly prov en during 1871 outdoor public demon strations Paris famous Gardens Tuiler ies inside beautiful Horticultural Hall demonstrations brought much favorable publicity both planophores creator Although planophores constructed P6naud associates various forms different styles diverse re sults successful fliers seem have spanned 18 24 18-inspan example about 4-in wing root chord 20-in-long fuselage stick 8in-dia propeller blades generally made paper sometimes bird feathers front rear motor hooks steel wire wings constructed bird feather quills pinned together covered goldbeaters skin Dihedral either shallow V form achieved simply curving wing tips gracefully upward wing assembly could slid along fuselage stick adjust balance inci dence angles individual wing panels could altered similarly constructed horizontal tail also adjustable inci dence its tips could raised added stability Some planophores equipped vertical tailplane Pnaud likened steering function provided ships rudder tailplane rarely ever shown early illustrations Wait Mooney launching Bill Hannans pianophore Fiightmasters West indoor contest Wait proxy-flew Bills pianophore officially clocked 58-second flight model weighs 16 grams about equal P6naud original its built basswood tissue covered August 1990 67 beautifully executed display model photographed Frank Scott P6naud planophore built Christy Magrath dedicated talented model builders modern times donated US Air Force Museum Wright-Patterson AFB Dayton OH late Charles Dollfus renowned exhausted French aviation historian noted de- Total weight 18-in-span plano scription Pdnauds planophores phore 16 grams little under could add vertical rudder seems imply provided optional accessory An account Progress Flying Machines Octave Cha nut confirms assumption least case Pdnauds Garden Tuileries demon strator Chanute tells us ided hor izontally small vertical rudder shown figure flew several times circle falling gently ground near its starting point power rubber thirdfive gramssupplied rubber motor Flight durations ranging 11 13 seconds documented dis tances 130 200 feet Considering year 1871 thats bad Illustrations planophores aviation tory books commonplace theyre seldom examined carefully Though first glance may seem look alike have encountered amazing variety such illustrations course re search article arranged gether differences among ob vious partial explanation after variety planophore config urations built Individual interpretations different artists probably added varia tion still oldest published planophore draw ings aware appeared January 1 1872 issue lAeronaute Drawn Pnaud himself sketches obviously freehand simplified intended provide readers general idea rather convey technical accu racy example top view omits wing stabilizer ribs well vertical tail although Nnaud specifically mentions latter written description addi tion side view proportions dont ex actly correspond top view again criticism can leveled modem three-view drawings Possibly earliest artistic planophore il lustration published la Nature April 17 1875 engraving credited two artists Albert Tissandier second name illegible Two different plan ophores depicted first seen di rect top view features gracefully curved trailing edges inner wing roots other model shown distorted perspec tive heavily scalloped trailing edges straight wing roots background engraving muddy de leted later copies greater clarity would seem majority subse quent planophore drawings simplified rehashes 1875 engraving vari ety subtle subtle changes made copying process probably reflected individual artists talent lack thereofl well degree tech nical orientation Note instance propeller hooks missing some illustrations Latter-day planophores Interest P& nauds fascinating flying machines has con tinued present reproductions Pnaud Planophores have built some actual flying others mu seum displays conversation pieces Lets take look some models people have helped sustain interest unique airplanes Aerodromes Samuel Pierpont Langley third secretary Smithsonian Insti tution accomplished scientist astronomer became interested aerial nav igation about 1886 During 1887 six years after Pnauds death Langley em barked upon study free-flying mod els collectively termed aero dromes did initially know Pd nauds planophore designs clearly docu mented Langley Memoir Mechan ical Flight device attracted little no tice unfamiliar beContinued page 190 68 Model Aviation half-size display planophore photographed Frank Pierce also built Christy Magrath Bill Winter former editor Model Aviation magazineThe model has nine-inch wingspan wooden fuselage stick twisted metal strips simuiste rubber motor Available black red white sizes 1$325 2375 21/4425 2V2475 Spinners new Master Airscrew spinner series features aluminum backplate true running cones made engineering grade nylon strength resist starter burn spinners easily mounted two screws custom fit Master Airscrew propellers black red white See Hobby Dealer MASTER AIRSCREW propellers accessories WINDSOR PROPELLER CO 3219 Monier Circle Rancho Cordova CA 95742 Embry-omatic/De Loach Continued page 186 dope applied Once tissue properly shrunk warps removed surfaces can doped 50/50 mixture dope thinner well plasticized castor oil TCP tri-creosol phosphate four drops per ounce dope/thinner Assembly Glue %2 balsa shim under wing leading edge correct incidence shown plan Youll notice wing rubberbanded #10 rubberbands place rather glued may glue prefer popoff wing surely does help inevitable rough landings DT dethermalizer also optional al though strongly recommend installing Dont let models small size its Embryo status fool underestimating its perform ance potentialand consequent need dether malizer Like gutsy flier model will fol low wherever good thermal leadsin other words 005 out-of-sight Another reason dethermalizer enables adjust decalage small shims under trailing edge stabilizer rest case Before rigging stabilizer fuselage rudders subrudder youre building must glued place Embellishing model wheel pants make sure wheels rotate freely inside cock pit details windscreen headrest exhaust pipes made aluminum tubing CyAd place greatly improves appearance ex haust pipes shown plans exact placement unimportant As described ear lier detailing model will also earn bonus points Bend shaft seven-inch Peck gray plastic prop using reverse S-hook made /32 music wire Flying Its best start motor youll probably end up Use 25-in loop %-in rubber noted plan model built light should have motor should give excellent results Install motor balance model CG center-of-gravity location marked plan Add clay nose until balance achieved Test glide model over soft grass during calm early morning evening Adjust sta bilizer shims until airplane settles nsce floating glide Induce gentle right left glide turn adjusting rudder accordingly well wind about hundred turns first powered flight Gradually work way up more turns mak ing adjustments necessary Youll probably have put little downthrust did power builds up Also youll need shim little right left thrust model will circle un der power Try both right left thrust will work better other model haves differently Once again try everything see what works best model excitement really begins once model balanced trimmed flying correctly Now its time see just Embry-omatically airplane performsand believe perform word new FAI Model Supply tan rubber Im able crank 2500 turns yielding motor run easily minute half kind power dont forget light DT fuse Any questions about Embry-omatic may addressed author 3428 Bryn Mawr Dal las TX 75225 Suppliers Peck-Polymers PO Box 2498 La Mesa CA 92041 tissue props glue Old Timer Model Supply PO Box 7334 Van Nuys CA 91409 tissue wood wire props Champion Model Products 880 Carmen Court La Verne CA 91750 wood tissue DT fuse thodonix bands rubber lube FAI Model Supply PO Box 3957 Torrance CA 90510 rubber Bob Wilder 2010 Boston Irving TX 75061 201 winder Join NFFS today Penaud/Hannan Continued page 68 gan own first constructions Alleghany 1887 Langley did learn Pnaud 1872 1 Aeronaure article adopted Pnaud concepts some own aerodrome models Langleys planophore-type designs identi fled Aerodrome No 11 illustrated both drawing photograph Memoir Curiously Langley seems have employec twisted rubber power earliest models Perhaps may have learned some Francois Dandrieux butterflies widely marketed early 1879 would poetic justice indeed since butter flies commercial adaptations P6nauds Helicopters Two examples Dandricux models Smithsonian collection years Might Langley have brought Although constructed nearly 40 rubberpowered models before 1893 experimented wide variety configurations Langley achieved limited success can share frustration recalled wings general flat some cases curved rubber usually wound about 100 turns trou ble continually arose its kinldng une qual unwinding often caused erratic flights Langley also encountered frequent breakages After reading Pnauds 13-second duration planophore flight candidly wrote have never obtained good result rubber motor added longest flights obtainable did exceed six eight sec onds time nor 80 100 feet distance brief owing spas modic action rubber other causes ir regular extremely difficult obtain imperfect results actually de duced what would certainly appear have retrogressive move Langley turned during 1895 models powered rubber tension surprisingly gave poor results com plex weighty mechanisms models still exist Smithsonian collection Langley also considered rejected power plants employing gunpowder hot water com pressed air electricity carbon dioxide before achieving some success steam fi nally gasoline 1896 steam-powered Aero drome identified No 5 suggests revised numbering system unrelated rubber-driven model series Langley planophore type During 1920s Paul Garber now historian emeritus Ramsey Fellow National Air Space Museum touring Langleys long-dormant shop building Smithsonian Institution Among paraphernalia old model planophore configuration Garber asked es BLIILD*CD*MODELS* am sOll making wsId famous histonic inc modet plans aailable Foim 1/32 5/C C/L F/F ubben stetjo Ill tlnem anymt,e145t plans Real choiCe items Ask old time model 0500 ohotolanhle youaelt long, send Si * fo te CleoolandSesignd piotoojal catalog booklet bannially illustated pioe list St Foeign odd St Al MaiL Non I, Sam day seeioe hOot no dealoo enteR museums [Edund 7 Panku,d4ticlicn Bnl -innd CLEVELAND MODEL & SUPPLY 7B Dotnoit Cloteland OH 44102V-* TOURNAMENT CHAMPIONS Finals Las Vegas NVNov 9-11 Special Discounted Airfare Call Irene Gerny CONTEMPORARY TRAVEL 800-3360033 Outside NYS 516-360-3663 NYS 190 Model Aviation Leader Small Airfoil Technology ort Mr Cole its origin Cole didnt know Ut SUrmiSed Langley might have obtained uring visits France Langleys own account Langley ifemoir Mechanical Flight can establish unaware planophores until least 887 some seven years after Pnauds death hat rules out possibility bought aodel Pnaud himself some have sug ested know however Langley rought back internal combustion engine aris 1900s years after rubber owered model experiments Its plausible ie might have purchased unidentified model t same time Another possibility model may have een Langleys own similar Aerodrome No 1 long series tested letter written author May 16 1988 Paul Garber com nented detail may determine whether ts original Pnaud copy made Lang ey member crewhe about half lozen expert craftsmen working himis its ongitudinal tubular metal Pnaud nay well have chosen material want say ts original Pnaud cant authenticate t Among people worked Langley luring 1895 Augustus Moore Herring mown have successfully designed flown ubber-powered models early 1893 Might e have fabricated planophore type Although itrong personality differences prevented two nen working together harmony Herring s said have designed built steam engines Ahich powered two Langleys aerodrome mod ls information tantalizing subject nay eventually surface Whatever origin Smithsonian planophore type its fascinat ing artifact photos have widely published Ehe Christy Magrath planophores dedicated talented model builders modern times Christy Magrath Christy per sonally examined Smithsonian planophore type documented drawings de scriptions Inked Walt Schroder illus Irations published article entitled After Alphonse May 1955 Model 4irplane News According Magrath model has bamboo surface members covered rice taper horizontal tail features wire mci lence adjustment device seen other pIano thore illustrations also has triangular verti al tail wing has no ribs distinctive onfiguration bent wood propeller notation drawing states Purchased y Dr S P Langley Paris 1871 ourse odds Langleys own record Memoir Magrath must have un tware discrepancy same page Model Airplane News irticle sketches traditional pIano hore making comparisons exceptionally easy Christy also constructed number pIano hore reproductions some flown ne display models donated Air orce Museum Dayton OH Another half-size lanophore presented former Model Air lane News Model Aviation editor Bill Winter kindly supplied photo raph Del Gattos planophores Also featured 4ay 1955 Model Airplane News article Paul E Del Gatto featured construction Irawings two planophores 1871 con riguration second employing modern techContinued page 192 U U I U U U U I I I I I I U U U U U U U U U U I I I U U U U I I I I I I I I BIG GLOW FUEL MANUFACTURED WITH THE PUREST FINEST QUALITY INGREDIENTS AVAILABLE * Superior Igniters Improve starting idle acceleration Youll notice power bargain fuels * 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soeth 4814 wing spas 0 lbs oh SIC odble [sodlog Gear OCDF2ggg 1 soale44 length 3210 span lb. mIx fEC 3-t oh IlIC g end AK-720 toss ecDF-tesggg One-Third Scale Piper TH-Pacer PA-22 2386 C25-2556 fr 1/3 Scale Piper Cub 1-3 ~7tIS wIng opso e gO leogob 5C302engines f2ggt Quarter Scale WWI SE-5A egr -- wing span 2220 sq wing area 70 22 engines RCQS7 6 SPAD C-XIII Ye span 21 20 sq wing area1 31031 engines Capable flyer captures inragination RCOS-h 6 FOKKER DR-i TRIPLANE 72 wing opax e 1772 sq ix wing area 70 100 engines RCOS-0 6 SOPWITH CAMEL F1 84 wing span- 2150 sq wiog ares e 11 ho wix RIC usood Ir baiss consouchon ocar 65 sq ft drawings RCOS-tl 6 Quarter Scale WWI Fokker D-VIINew 2 Hg uvingpon 2220 vs WiOo OrOO 00 2h cid nvginn oh bs hCOS h 5 Foil contilever wings no flying wirool Removal ongine unit Shocb mounted landing gear Oalnatplyorood fuselage built-op bloss wing Sill Effinger Founding Mnerber AMA NFFS Hell Fames Fri von aro fur vomyinte plons nub asnonrOly ft dotailod yarru juts PLEASE ADD 0208 for shippino Iweilins tuhel Now 1980 P100 Solo broohurO 0150 Iretundoblo yr Irrot urderli WE TECHNICAL SERVICES Ro 1 Box 2900 Santa Rosa Beach FL 32459 niques materials vintage version rubber winder-woundr exceeded 45 Seconds durationr updated pIano phore achieved 80-second flights indoors Reg Parhams planophore 1964 English man Reg Parham constructed planophore type model aviation history demonstrations model features bamboo flight surfaces flat-plate airfoils shellacked silk covering motor stick spruce propeller blades turkey tail feathers Weighing same Pnauds original model has achieved outdoor flights 40-second duration Bill Hannans planophore own reproduc tion constructed during 1978 inspired Southern California Antique Model Plane Soci ety SCAMPS contest pusher models pre war design Certainly Pnauds planophore quali fies score Balsa seemed contrary spirit historical modeling model constructed primarily basswood ever Japanese tissue employed covering since neighborhood hobby shop fresh out goldbeaters skin finished product weighed 16 grams approximately equal Pnauds planophores small effort involved construction amply rewarded enthusiastic comments fellow competi tors also helped adjust model also its garnering third-place trophy satisfy curiosity planophore also flown few times its vertical tail yes did fly however much greater care launching required During Flightmasters West Indoor contest model proxy flown Curtiss Walt Mooney officially timed flight 58 sec onds especially satisfying since P& naud himself sent planophore England during 1874 flown friend Thomas J Bennett Truly history does repeat itself name Charles Alphonse Penaud has forgorten does remarkable con tribution model aeronautics live pages history books street 20th district native city also bears name Addition ally FAI committee international aero modeling presents award Pnauds honor diploma originally proposed Hans J Meier Germany presented outstanding na tional international modelers characteristic modestyand little poetryPnaud prophesied planophore III II ASSES Washable Rugged Cap Sunglasses Flip Up/Down Adjust In/Out Snap On/Off Imprints Available IUltra Violet ProtectedI IPlease send _____________ caps Ive enclosedI I@ $795 plus $2 shipping handlingI ILens Colors 0 Amber El Smoke blueI Cap Colors El Black El White El Yellow El Green El Navy blue El Royal blue aroon []Grey ElRedI II El Please send information about imprinting lPLtA5t PRINT INumeI AddressI 1CityI StutnZip ________ RETURN WITH CHECK OR MONEY ORDER ONLY TO PIN-NIK SALES PO Box 647 RavenBa OH 44256 L 192 Model Aviation demonstrates possibilities stable equilib rium heart air promise grea machines considerable swiftness coule see life heart air today References research life work Alphonse Pnaud has long ongoing study Numer ous books periodicals have consulted yielded fragmentary informa tion useful references Alphonse Pnaud Aeroplane Automoteur lAeronaute Jan 1872 T J Bennett Notes France EleventA Annual Report Aeronautical Society oj Great Britain 1876 Octave Chanut Progress Flying Machine3 1894 Paul E Del Gatto Pgnauds Planophore Model Airplane News May 1955 Charles Dollfus Alphonse P6naud Icare Re vue de Aviation Francais No 38 1966 B far single comprehensive work available Continued page 194 ~~1~~I 209 645 5535 GOLDEN GATE HOBBIES PO BOX 27001 FRESNO CAUFORNIA 93729 M/C OR COD HA TORI TETTRA DIQICON IMMSK HATORI BLUEPRINT SHOWS ALL EXHAUST ITEMS FULL SIZE 2FT X 4FT $ 5 WE WANT NEW DEALERS I! HATORI 650 LONG PIPE $4350 TO DEALERS CATALOG $ 200 OR FREE Th ORDERS CHECK EM BOTH OUT NEW STARHAWK BIPLANE NEW MISS STARHAWK POSTER See your Starhawk Dealer tar details write Thorpe Engineering Corporation 1715 E Fairfield Mesa AZ 85203 Poster $500 P&H Prepaid 1300 A/C BUMP NEW 12113 FT LONG OUTSTANDING CONTROL MORE POWER KIT $3500O NEW GENESIS RIC FLY/IC WI/IC CL/MR 59 INCH WINWPAN EANI LAUNCH CUW SOAR TART KIT 2-3CM iUNTO FLY RUBBER POWER KITS-SUPPLIE PEANUT SCALE ANDREASONPIPER CUB MUSTANG ZERO PIETENPOL LACY GIPSY MOTHCOUGER RUBBER SPORT FLVING ACE MOTH *996 BOSTONIAN PUP *695 PRAIRIE BIRD 16 *896 ROG 1ST MODEL 8205 NOSE BEARINGS BRASS WASHERS PROPS 4TO 9 RUBBER TAN DUMMY CYL CLEAR VINTAGE WHEELS 300 PLANS TISSUEMANY MORE KITS COS ENGINES HUNGERFORD SILK L SPOKED WHEELS COMPLETE CATALOG $200 Penaud/Hannan Continued page 192 about Pnaud accomplishments S P Langley Experiments Small Mod els Langley Memoir Mechanical Flight Part 11911 S P Langley Flying Machine McClures Magazine June 1897 Article re printed Last Can Fly George Hardie Jr md] Christy Magrath After Alphonse Model Airplane News May 1955 Robert B Meyer Jr Langleys Model Aero En gine 1903 1976 Volume compiled Rob ert B Meyer Jr Nigel Mills Pnaud World War Aero April 1983 Reg Parham Indoor Vintage SAM 35 Year book Dec 1982 Pearl Young Alphonse Penauds Letters Aeronautics 1968 addition made use dozens letters historians enthusiasts patiently assisted encouraged research efforts Grateful thanks G James Alaback John J Brown L M Conover Paul E Garber Eugene Husting Herbert Kelley L S McCready Richard Mil ler Curtiss Walt Mooney Leonard Op dycke Richard Padgham Hewitt Viola Phil lips Bertram Pond Dick Seely Tom Schmitt Bill Warner Herbert K Weiss William Winter USA Assistance England supplied late C H Gibbs-Smith via Leonard Opdycke Ken McDonough J Bagley Peter Mann via Philip Jarrett also furnished additional material Pnauds own homeland France special appreciation George Chau let J F Frugoli Alain Parmentier anyone has overlooked sincere apologies Toledo/Berman Continued page 80 crutches Nothing much assured Just skiing accident Certainly wish Ivans recovery AMAs crew Toledo deserves mention setting up platoon leader Bob Underwood seen toting crates cases considered too heavy him handle Bob familiar readers magazine AMAs technical director former St Louis schoolteacher explained present job administrator refers specific technical problems qualified experts available added has fellows phone numbers good will superbusy spot show transmit ter checking station $10000 instrument called spectrum analyzer draws graph transmitters behavior grid su perimposed graph tells technician transmitter rated gold silver k Dave Hilsenhoff Warren Plohr Larry Dungan members AMA Fre quency Committee faithfully manned post three fellows have probably forgotten ever knew about mysterious world waves No female Navy personseven though Dave Larry received electronics degrees serving Un cle Sams boys girls blue Another matured whiz kid ran ledo Texan Bob Elliot Bob E E K Logitrol former RC radio manufacturer invented transistorized three-wire servo made possible truly proportional sets take granted today Also Bobs THE SUPERIOR GLOW PLUGS GO FAST FL YERS ARE BACK! Puts sting engine Unique flat-wound spiral coil element high temperature glass-to-metal seal add up faster ignition increased RPM 1/2A GloBee plugs designed exclusively 049/051 Cox engines Ask tar new GB-5RX Speed Plug GB-5R Racing Plug GB-5P Sport Plug local dealer today unavailable locally write call Twinn-K collect tor pricing delivery intormation FREE GloEee Catalog MAKE THE GLOBEE INDY CONNECTION Twinn-K Inc 10296 W Washington St Indianapolis IN 46231 Telephone 317-839-6579 FAX 317-839-8928 IRON temps vary day Stop guessing & buy handy Pocket Thermometer CeNIERrr credit expanded-scale voltmeter Only ledo provides opportunity meet such pion eers Casually attired Toledo visitor K Leroy Irvis conceals identity brilliant lawyer speaker emeritus Pennsylvania House Represen tatives genial confidant kings com moners alike speak Leroy avid OldTimer modeler staunch supporter hobby met up him taking delivery new Brown Jr model engine Yes thats right new Brown Jr Herb WahI Forkesville PA another su perbly talented citizen modeling world Hes retired Boeing aeronautical engineer has piloted own full-scale Piper Comanche married hang glider enthusiast also fell love early gasoline model engines today one-man engine factory turning out repli cas Brown Jr Hurleman Ohlsson Bunch higher quality originals Theres waiting list Herbs products Ohioan Miles Reed known over East one-man air show retired postal inspector Miles has hobby mere 38 years attended first Nats Willow Grove 1965 Seven RC clubs proudly list him life mem ber MilCs brought 6-ft 4-in-tall grandson Neil Solomon Toledo parcels out ad vice Sure talent model building flying nice serious diligent practice will go further Its will counts Soft-southern-drawled Pattern champion Steve Helms told us Futaba will provide narrowband update service some its older RC sys tems beginning next October Steve holds Ham license number WA6NLK acquired broad radio knowledge through superinten sive home study done after-work hours over three-year period Bobby Tom Airtronics proudly showed us prototype drape-shape transmitter like some others houses microcomputer syn thesized frequencies arrangement allows fliers change channels quickiy easily field system may also tnctuoe scanner will blow whistle tooclose radio waves such dirty pagers Although Hedda does endorse commercial products Airtronics system represents design philoso phy will undoubtedly fan out other forward-thinking radio manufacturers Due peculiar interspaced radio channeling some RC frequencies may prove hazardous especially certain metropolitan areas itself could dictate multifrequency sets economic neces sity Mike Barbee very personable Columbus ce Continued page 196 194 Model Aviation BOX 710399-MASANTEE CA 92072 qi wq.qyff5ff TEL 619 448-1818FAX 619 448-1833