RADIO CONTROL ELECTRICS THIS COLUMN looks continuing Skyvolt clears up power measurement quandary continues some discussion aeromodelers want try Electric Skyvolt presented construction article January 1990 Model Aviation subsequently kitted Todays Hobbies still fly original model occasionally Skyvolt intended mild through-moderately-aerobatic next step Electric described next choice folks entered Electric simpler design such Mirage PT Electric Electra etc As presented 395 sq Skyvolt used NACA 2412 airfoil section offered power system flexibility steering ground handling versatile motor mount system somewhat-complex very light strong structure idea fill gap existed E-designs day though decade later modelers still talking about flying Skyvolts very gratifying design continues long past publication date amidst new entries E-marketplace Im sure kit still produced am sure Skyvolts still being built something has changed time Skyvolt intended direct-drive systems such cobalt 05s iSs peppier can motors article described being 7- 12-cell 125to 200-watt machine intended maximum weight about 52 ounces what has changed Contemporary Skyvolts have much higher power often based geared systems 12 14 l7s 2Os large cells Builders modifying design include longer landing gear clear larger props often 11 inches diameter changing fuselage cabin area accommodate larger heavier packs Model weights somewhat excess four pounds performance way up Skyvolt has changed love because todays modelers typically very complimentary about design its flight characteristics though has pushed much beyond original intent testimony light-butstrong structure seems holding up well Frankly approach about Skyvolt often begin lament about unusual pieces structural design quickly shift smiling about light strong nothing magic its long known structure made up appropriately applied pieces can perform mechanically well slab structuresbut much lower weight Consider classic steel bridges built around riveted small parts Electric aeromodeling benefits light-but-strong building philosophy cost being time needed assembly work Next time youre planning new design look up Skyvolt plans see theres idea two can applied task-at-hand fair Skyvolt does have structural down side have let know about ailerons have proven very troublesome structures work well firm C-grain balsa case use Skyvolt aileron design anymore Instead make large hollow ailerons 716 sheet top bottom small internal triangular ribs include suitable leading edge piece complete D structure Except ribs grain runs lengthwise end caps some internal beef November1999 105 Hangar 9 CAP 232 ARF conversion Tony Fiore 32 20 Ah cells Aveox 1812 2Y /Planeta 371 gears 18 x 12 Zinger 15 pounds Flies great Stylized Revolt Gus Jangor Philadelphia PA Astro geared New compact peak detector charger FMA designed 11512 x 8 Master Airscrew Electric prop 12 20 Ah cells 12 cells up about 4 amps output needed support horn attachment Another example pieces approach very light very workable Electrical Measurements commonplace among E-aeromodelers generally easy inexpensive test equipment However some readers have become confused about technique meaning some terms associated measurements Generally speaking folks measure motor power input measuring voltage brushes current going motor either lead Multiplying two yields motor input power very convenient Astro Whattmeter does directly suppose some reason cant access motor leads perhaps have brushless motor its typical three-phase electronic drive Now what have measure battery output power instead Use instruments measure battery voltage output current multiply get motor input power Yes some power loss intervening wiring speed control etc very little least better very little something getting very hot practical purposes battery output power equals motor input power give few watts latter can fall within measurement accuracy theres Suppose want know motor input power less full throttlesay some specific rpm Same thing above point confusing some because case battery voltage high battery current low motor voltage low motor current high Whats confusing some motor input current can higher battery output current Whats going explained way electronic speed controls work could take up full column itself Suffice say high-rate speed control performs conversion process results seemingly strange discussion above perfectly normal experience battery output current lower motor input current intermediate throttle two currents essentially equal full throttle key constant battery power motor power always nearly equal through throttle control range measuring know other Just sure measure both parameters either battery motor mixture Related discussion including graphics can found column August September 1994 Power system choices increasing Electric model designs power September column concluded answering question raised therein choose power system Aside heavily promoted gather much past Electric published material can see examples therein can figure some things out yourself Using product literature previously discussed Rules Thumb methodology below should able come up very flyable first Electric installation Its common sport E-fliers set up power systems maximum possible motor input current about 25-30 amps excluding small motors such 400 types maximum current value generally assures good brush commutator lifethe things wear fail first normal brushed motor same time current what r 1-800-5 7-42 73 SPECIAL SHAPES Craftsmen serving craftsmen www specialshapes corn over 50 years have supplying hobbyist precision tubing telescoping needs Ship worldwide Ship next day Ship Low Minimums Brass aluminum tubing both heavy thin walls Music wire stainless steel sheets strips much MENTION AD NUMBER 99 WITH ORDER AND PAY NO BOXING CHARGE$ L 1160 Naperville Drive Romeoville IL 60446 Call U5 TOtAY 106 Model Aviation McKenzies Newtown CT upside-down Skyvolt Original fuselage Skyvolt wing stab Cobalt 05 seven-turn direct-drive 8 20 Ah 8 x 4 prop A-gSend sase catalog WINISOR PROPELLER CO 3219 Monier Circle Rancho Cordova CA 95742 wwwmasterairscrewcom empties tank use faster motor pack will deplete using brushless motor still reason allowing too much current possible setup Choosing power system can begin maximum current guideline Referring Watts per Pound guideline maximum desired motor current actually yields associated cell count Assuming have finished model know way flies minds eye cell count given dividing desired watts maximum current value dividing result cell voltage Generally 11 volts per cell used guideline average number throughout flight Others use 10 volts per cell youre apt see differing opinions point read enough feel 11 volts per cell good average number throughout flight throttle varied and/or 10 volts per cell good number maximum throttle also maximum current case round arithmetic up nearest whole cell example lets say want fly reasonably peppy model 100 watts per pound maximumsuch takeoff during aerobaticsand its destined about four-pound airplane requires 400 watts motor input conservatively choose exceed 25 amps needed maximum voltage 400/25 about 16 RO Box 208 Methuen MA 01844 phone 978 686-0319 internet wwwnortheastaerodynamicscom Visa Mastercard Welcome Call write full line catalog volts cell count 16/10 ells 16/11 cells could go 15 16 cells reviewing product info catalogs etc several product choices including venerable Astro 25 several Aveox products other less-obvious choices will become obvious numerous gain little experience insight comes major player operating power prop choice including gearing tend look geared props instead geared motors what gears really change prop size range another generally done airplane flightperformance purposes although airplanes well either way Astro 25 above will perform 400-watt level either direct-drive geared As estimate former prop would about 9 x 5 standard gear set latter prop would about 11 x 6 maybe 101/2 x 7 experience some motor input voltage current measurements can come some difficult judgements may make difference Would airplane fly better smaller fasterturning prop larger slowerturning prop Its sorta like whether should use two-stroke four-stroke some folks view matter simply possible describe possible product product variation combined imaginable acm-applications Nor necessary surely wet-power folks always lust know what doright very same thing comes about E-power just little experience Upcoming parts miniseries will get area since often choices can made very good E-flighr did example airplane turn out Using 50% power system weight guideline motor battery ESC wiring etc should come out around 32 ounces Everything else four-pound airplane another 32 ounces direct-drive Astro 25 16 10 Ab cells ESC etc weigh about 33 ounces Great reasonable aircraft design/choice thing will fly great Its almost like saying Ive got new wet 25now what put come Please include SASE correspondence youd like reply dont forget come up some E-goodies include Christmas wish listfor whole lot E aeromodel flying fun come next season Model Aviation ER AIRSCREW Stripwood easier & accurate 1/32 increment precision cuts Uses standard type 11 hobby blade Cuts 1/2 wide 1/4 thick Builders favorite $595 suggested retail PUT ON SOME AIRS Sport-Airs Troin-AirsI Rounds smooths cowliugs & fuselages Uses heavy-duty cutting blade Micro-adjustable cutting depth Shape edges & thins strips Great companion tool Balsa Stripper $595 suggested retail 25 - $6195 por-HIr 40 $7795 III.
Edition: Model Aviation - 1999/11
Page Numbers: 105, 106, 108
RADIO CONTROL ELECTRICS THIS COLUMN looks continuing Skyvolt clears up power measurement quandary continues some discussion aeromodelers want try Electric Skyvolt presented construction article January 1990 Model Aviation subsequently kitted Todays Hobbies still fly original model occasionally Skyvolt intended mild through-moderately-aerobatic next step Electric described next choice folks entered Electric simpler design such Mirage PT Electric Electra etc As presented 395 sq Skyvolt used NACA 2412 airfoil section offered power system flexibility steering ground handling versatile motor mount system somewhat-complex very light strong structure idea fill gap existed E-designs day though decade later modelers still talking about flying Skyvolts very gratifying design continues long past publication date amidst new entries E-marketplace Im sure kit still produced am sure Skyvolts still being built something has changed time Skyvolt intended direct-drive systems such cobalt 05s iSs peppier can motors article described being 7- 12-cell 125to 200-watt machine intended maximum weight about 52 ounces what has changed Contemporary Skyvolts have much higher power often based geared systems 12 14 l7s 2Os large cells Builders modifying design include longer landing gear clear larger props often 11 inches diameter changing fuselage cabin area accommodate larger heavier packs Model weights somewhat excess four pounds performance way up Skyvolt has changed love because todays modelers typically very complimentary about design its flight characteristics though has pushed much beyond original intent testimony light-butstrong structure seems holding up well Frankly approach about Skyvolt often begin lament about unusual pieces structural design quickly shift smiling about light strong nothing magic its long known structure made up appropriately applied pieces can perform mechanically well slab structuresbut much lower weight Consider classic steel bridges built around riveted small parts Electric aeromodeling benefits light-but-strong building philosophy cost being time needed assembly work Next time youre planning new design look up Skyvolt plans see theres idea two can applied task-at-hand fair Skyvolt does have structural down side have let know about ailerons have proven very troublesome structures work well firm C-grain balsa case use Skyvolt aileron design anymore Instead make large hollow ailerons 716 sheet top bottom small internal triangular ribs include suitable leading edge piece complete D structure Except ribs grain runs lengthwise end caps some internal beef November1999 105 Hangar 9 CAP 232 ARF conversion Tony Fiore 32 20 Ah cells Aveox 1812 2Y /Planeta 371 gears 18 x 12 Zinger 15 pounds Flies great Stylized Revolt Gus Jangor Philadelphia PA Astro geared New compact peak detector charger FMA designed 11512 x 8 Master Airscrew Electric prop 12 20 Ah cells 12 cells up about 4 amps output needed support horn attachment Another example pieces approach very light very workable Electrical Measurements commonplace among E-aeromodelers generally easy inexpensive test equipment However some readers have become confused about technique meaning some terms associated measurements Generally speaking folks measure motor power input measuring voltage brushes current going motor either lead Multiplying two yields motor input power very convenient Astro Whattmeter does directly suppose some reason cant access motor leads perhaps have brushless motor its typical three-phase electronic drive Now what have measure battery output power instead Use instruments measure battery voltage output current multiply get motor input power Yes some power loss intervening wiring speed control etc very little least better very little something getting very hot practical purposes battery output power equals motor input power give few watts latter can fall within measurement accuracy theres Suppose want know motor input power less full throttlesay some specific rpm Same thing above point confusing some because case battery voltage high battery current low motor voltage low motor current high Whats confusing some motor input current can higher battery output current Whats going explained way electronic speed controls work could take up full column itself Suffice say high-rate speed control performs conversion process results seemingly strange discussion above perfectly normal experience battery output current lower motor input current intermediate throttle two currents essentially equal full throttle key constant battery power motor power always nearly equal through throttle control range measuring know other Just sure measure both parameters either battery motor mixture Related discussion including graphics can found column August September 1994 Power system choices increasing Electric model designs power September column concluded answering question raised therein choose power system Aside heavily promoted gather much past Electric published material can see examples therein can figure some things out yourself Using product literature previously discussed Rules Thumb methodology below should able come up very flyable first Electric installation Its common sport E-fliers set up power systems maximum possible motor input current about 25-30 amps excluding small motors such 400 types maximum current value generally assures good brush commutator lifethe things wear fail first normal brushed motor same time current what r 1-800-5 7-42 73 SPECIAL SHAPES Craftsmen serving craftsmen www specialshapes corn over 50 years have supplying hobbyist precision tubing telescoping needs Ship worldwide Ship next day Ship Low Minimums Brass aluminum tubing both heavy thin walls Music wire stainless steel sheets strips much MENTION AD NUMBER 99 WITH ORDER AND PAY NO BOXING CHARGE$ L 1160 Naperville Drive Romeoville IL 60446 Call U5 TOtAY 106 Model Aviation McKenzies Newtown CT upside-down Skyvolt Original fuselage Skyvolt wing stab Cobalt 05 seven-turn direct-drive 8 20 Ah 8 x 4 prop A-gSend sase catalog WINISOR PROPELLER CO 3219 Monier Circle Rancho Cordova CA 95742 wwwmasterairscrewcom empties tank use faster motor pack will deplete using brushless motor still reason allowing too much current possible setup Choosing power system can begin maximum current guideline Referring Watts per Pound guideline maximum desired motor current actually yields associated cell count Assuming have finished model know way flies minds eye cell count given dividing desired watts maximum current value dividing result cell voltage Generally 11 volts per cell used guideline average number throughout flight Others use 10 volts per cell youre apt see differing opinions point read enough feel 11 volts per cell good average number throughout flight throttle varied and/or 10 volts per cell good number maximum throttle also maximum current case round arithmetic up nearest whole cell example lets say want fly reasonably peppy model 100 watts per pound maximumsuch takeoff during aerobaticsand its destined about four-pound airplane requires 400 watts motor input conservatively choose exceed 25 amps needed maximum voltage 400/25 about 16 RO Box 208 Methuen MA 01844 phone 978 686-0319 internet wwwnortheastaerodynamicscom Visa Mastercard Welcome Call write full line catalog volts cell count 16/10 ells 16/11 cells could go 15 16 cells reviewing product info catalogs etc several product choices including venerable Astro 25 several Aveox products other less-obvious choices will become obvious numerous gain little experience insight comes major player operating power prop choice including gearing tend look geared props instead geared motors what gears really change prop size range another generally done airplane flightperformance purposes although airplanes well either way Astro 25 above will perform 400-watt level either direct-drive geared As estimate former prop would about 9 x 5 standard gear set latter prop would about 11 x 6 maybe 101/2 x 7 experience some motor input voltage current measurements can come some difficult judgements may make difference Would airplane fly better smaller fasterturning prop larger slowerturning prop Its sorta like whether should use two-stroke four-stroke some folks view matter simply possible describe possible product product variation combined imaginable acm-applications Nor necessary surely wet-power folks always lust know what doright very same thing comes about E-power just little experience Upcoming parts miniseries will get area since often choices can made very good E-flighr did example airplane turn out Using 50% power system weight guideline motor battery ESC wiring etc should come out around 32 ounces Everything else four-pound airplane another 32 ounces direct-drive Astro 25 16 10 Ab cells ESC etc weigh about 33 ounces Great reasonable aircraft design/choice thing will fly great Its almost like saying Ive got new wet 25now what put come Please include SASE correspondence youd like reply dont forget come up some E-goodies include Christmas wish listfor whole lot E aeromodel flying fun come next season Model Aviation ER AIRSCREW Stripwood easier & accurate 1/32 increment precision cuts Uses standard type 11 hobby blade Cuts 1/2 wide 1/4 thick Builders favorite $595 suggested retail PUT ON SOME AIRS Sport-Airs Troin-AirsI Rounds smooths cowliugs & fuselages Uses heavy-duty cutting blade Micro-adjustable cutting depth Shape edges & thins strips Great companion tool Balsa Stripper $595 suggested retail 25 - $6195 por-HIr 40 $7795 III.
Edition: Model Aviation - 1999/11
Page Numbers: 105, 106, 108
RADIO CONTROL ELECTRICS THIS COLUMN looks continuing Skyvolt clears up power measurement quandary continues some discussion aeromodelers want try Electric Skyvolt presented construction article January 1990 Model Aviation subsequently kitted Todays Hobbies still fly original model occasionally Skyvolt intended mild through-moderately-aerobatic next step Electric described next choice folks entered Electric simpler design such Mirage PT Electric Electra etc As presented 395 sq Skyvolt used NACA 2412 airfoil section offered power system flexibility steering ground handling versatile motor mount system somewhat-complex very light strong structure idea fill gap existed E-designs day though decade later modelers still talking about flying Skyvolts very gratifying design continues long past publication date amidst new entries E-marketplace Im sure kit still produced am sure Skyvolts still being built something has changed time Skyvolt intended direct-drive systems such cobalt 05s iSs peppier can motors article described being 7- 12-cell 125to 200-watt machine intended maximum weight about 52 ounces what has changed Contemporary Skyvolts have much higher power often based geared systems 12 14 l7s 2Os large cells Builders modifying design include longer landing gear clear larger props often 11 inches diameter changing fuselage cabin area accommodate larger heavier packs Model weights somewhat excess four pounds performance way up Skyvolt has changed love because todays modelers typically very complimentary about design its flight characteristics though has pushed much beyond original intent testimony light-butstrong structure seems holding up well Frankly approach about Skyvolt often begin lament about unusual pieces structural design quickly shift smiling about light strong nothing magic its long known structure made up appropriately applied pieces can perform mechanically well slab structuresbut much lower weight Consider classic steel bridges built around riveted small parts Electric aeromodeling benefits light-but-strong building philosophy cost being time needed assembly work Next time youre planning new design look up Skyvolt plans see theres idea two can applied task-at-hand fair Skyvolt does have structural down side have let know about ailerons have proven very troublesome structures work well firm C-grain balsa case use Skyvolt aileron design anymore Instead make large hollow ailerons 716 sheet top bottom small internal triangular ribs include suitable leading edge piece complete D structure Except ribs grain runs lengthwise end caps some internal beef November1999 105 Hangar 9 CAP 232 ARF conversion Tony Fiore 32 20 Ah cells Aveox 1812 2Y /Planeta 371 gears 18 x 12 Zinger 15 pounds Flies great Stylized Revolt Gus Jangor Philadelphia PA Astro geared New compact peak detector charger FMA designed 11512 x 8 Master Airscrew Electric prop 12 20 Ah cells 12 cells up about 4 amps output needed support horn attachment Another example pieces approach very light very workable Electrical Measurements commonplace among E-aeromodelers generally easy inexpensive test equipment However some readers have become confused about technique meaning some terms associated measurements Generally speaking folks measure motor power input measuring voltage brushes current going motor either lead Multiplying two yields motor input power very convenient Astro Whattmeter does directly suppose some reason cant access motor leads perhaps have brushless motor its typical three-phase electronic drive Now what have measure battery output power instead Use instruments measure battery voltage output current multiply get motor input power Yes some power loss intervening wiring speed control etc very little least better very little something getting very hot practical purposes battery output power equals motor input power give few watts latter can fall within measurement accuracy theres Suppose want know motor input power less full throttlesay some specific rpm Same thing above point confusing some because case battery voltage high battery current low motor voltage low motor current high Whats confusing some motor input current can higher battery output current Whats going explained way electronic speed controls work could take up full column itself Suffice say high-rate speed control performs conversion process results seemingly strange discussion above perfectly normal experience battery output current lower motor input current intermediate throttle two currents essentially equal full throttle key constant battery power motor power always nearly equal through throttle control range measuring know other Just sure measure both parameters either battery motor mixture Related discussion including graphics can found column August September 1994 Power system choices increasing Electric model designs power September column concluded answering question raised therein choose power system Aside heavily promoted gather much past Electric published material can see examples therein can figure some things out yourself Using product literature previously discussed Rules Thumb methodology below should able come up very flyable first Electric installation Its common sport E-fliers set up power systems maximum possible motor input current about 25-30 amps excluding small motors such 400 types maximum current value generally assures good brush commutator lifethe things wear fail first normal brushed motor same time current what r 1-800-5 7-42 73 SPECIAL SHAPES Craftsmen serving craftsmen www specialshapes corn over 50 years have supplying hobbyist precision tubing telescoping needs Ship worldwide Ship next day Ship Low Minimums Brass aluminum tubing both heavy thin walls Music wire stainless steel sheets strips much MENTION AD NUMBER 99 WITH ORDER AND PAY NO BOXING CHARGE$ L 1160 Naperville Drive Romeoville IL 60446 Call U5 TOtAY 106 Model Aviation McKenzies Newtown CT upside-down Skyvolt Original fuselage Skyvolt wing stab Cobalt 05 seven-turn direct-drive 8 20 Ah 8 x 4 prop A-gSend sase catalog WINISOR PROPELLER CO 3219 Monier Circle Rancho Cordova CA 95742 wwwmasterairscrewcom empties tank use faster motor pack will deplete using brushless motor still reason allowing too much current possible setup Choosing power system can begin maximum current guideline Referring Watts per Pound guideline maximum desired motor current actually yields associated cell count Assuming have finished model know way flies minds eye cell count given dividing desired watts maximum current value dividing result cell voltage Generally 11 volts per cell used guideline average number throughout flight Others use 10 volts per cell youre apt see differing opinions point read enough feel 11 volts per cell good average number throughout flight throttle varied and/or 10 volts per cell good number maximum throttle also maximum current case round arithmetic up nearest whole cell example lets say want fly reasonably peppy model 100 watts per pound maximumsuch takeoff during aerobaticsand its destined about four-pound airplane requires 400 watts motor input conservatively choose exceed 25 amps needed maximum voltage 400/25 about 16 RO Box 208 Methuen MA 01844 phone 978 686-0319 internet wwwnortheastaerodynamicscom Visa Mastercard Welcome Call write full line catalog volts cell count 16/10 ells 16/11 cells could go 15 16 cells reviewing product info catalogs etc several product choices including venerable Astro 25 several Aveox products other less-obvious choices will become obvious numerous gain little experience insight comes major player operating power prop choice including gearing tend look geared props instead geared motors what gears really change prop size range another generally done airplane flightperformance purposes although airplanes well either way Astro 25 above will perform 400-watt level either direct-drive geared As estimate former prop would about 9 x 5 standard gear set latter prop would about 11 x 6 maybe 101/2 x 7 experience some motor input voltage current measurements can come some difficult judgements may make difference Would airplane fly better smaller fasterturning prop larger slowerturning prop Its sorta like whether should use two-stroke four-stroke some folks view matter simply possible describe possible product product variation combined imaginable acm-applications Nor necessary surely wet-power folks always lust know what doright very same thing comes about E-power just little experience Upcoming parts miniseries will get area since often choices can made very good E-flighr did example airplane turn out Using 50% power system weight guideline motor battery ESC wiring etc should come out around 32 ounces Everything else four-pound airplane another 32 ounces direct-drive Astro 25 16 10 Ab cells ESC etc weigh about 33 ounces Great reasonable aircraft design/choice thing will fly great Its almost like saying Ive got new wet 25now what put come Please include SASE correspondence youd like reply dont forget come up some E-goodies include Christmas wish listfor whole lot E aeromodel flying fun come next season Model Aviation ER AIRSCREW Stripwood easier & accurate 1/32 increment precision cuts Uses standard type 11 hobby blade Cuts 1/2 wide 1/4 thick Builders favorite $595 suggested retail PUT ON SOME AIRS Sport-Airs Troin-AirsI Rounds smooths cowliugs & fuselages Uses heavy-duty cutting blade Micro-adjustable cutting depth Shape edges & thins strips Great companion tool Balsa Stripper $595 suggested retail 25 - $6195 por-HIr 40 $7795 III.