Control Sport Aerobatics Ron Van Putte RECENTLY letter came via Model Aviations publisher brought two thoughts mind column subjects letter came Jeff Rankin Reasnor IA reported problems new airplane finished flown crashed Anedited version JeWs letter follows have question concern ing engine torque right thrust Im what youd call seasoned flier however can usually get plane up back down no trouble However little trouble plane lately Im quite sure what happened Just idea Ive noticed before some airplane plans kits say point engine 20 right always assumed offset torque engine plane Lanier Comet II requires 45-60 sized engine Fox 60 Hawk engine size range thats what went plane ready fly anxiously waiting fairly nice day day came wasnt exactly nice wind blowing overcast cold could tell after engine running going have enough power got plane air hand launched immedi ately slowed down because speed going throttle stick almost resting bottom its throw plane still seemed going faster anything Id ever flown flew beautifully strong wind bring early because hands getting cold So landed extremely pleased way things went next day beautiful day sunny warm very little wind really excited expecting good day flying took plane different place better runway started checked controls opened up go speed moving down runway just amazed Ive never seen plane move fast before lifted off first couple seconds everything looked right started make left turn Ijust let go because turn around anyway However something happened turn As often happens try remember what happened draw blank remember trying level out wouldnt What happened after Im sure know upside down least once think process doing something resembled outside loop made contact ground happened fast cant help think gotten slowed down might have right So question much does engine torque affect flight airplane meantime have written Jeff about question thought perhaps might quite few others would like find out about effects engines propellers airplanes may have noticed Jeff wrote about effects engine torque wrote effects engines propellers might interesting others reason engine directly affects airplane applying torque fuselage propeller also directly affects airplane way produces thrust Most engines turn clockwise viewed forward cockpit torque engine applies turn propeller must opposed airplane Consequently engine attempts roll airplane counter clockwise left no trim control input oppose motion airplane will roll Fortunately easy trim Out effect torque airplane normal flying speed Unfortunately during takeoff airplane travelling slowly effect torque difficult counter Most pilots apply right rudder during takeoff run perhaps bit right aileron just after takeoff counter engine torque until airplane gets up decent flying speed However beginners just let airplane roll left climb out correcting roll airplane gets com fortable altitude roll back other part effects airplane what propeller does indirectly flying surfaces propeller nothing rotary wing produces thrust accelerating air toward rear airplane know drag propeller limits speed engine means propeller also accelerates air direction propeller turning acceleration air rear direction propeller turning causes air swirl clock wise toward rear airplane shown Figure 1 effects swirling air have wings fuselage horizontal tail vertical fin very complicated determine Neverthe less can make some general conclusions about what must happening first flying surface feel effect swirling air propeller wing see Figure 2 part right wing prop wash subjected reduction angie attack Conversely same part left wing will see increase angle attack angle attack changes cause decrease lift right wing increase left wing means wing has tendency roll clockwise due effect propeller wash same reasons horizontal tail also develops tendency roll clockwise vertical fin sidewash left right refer Figure 1 means force developed right does two 42 Model Aviation ooking Fo Figure 1 top exaggerated picture propwash actually flows back over airplane causing aerodynamic effects described months column Figure 2 bottom illustrates rotary motion propwash causes changes wing angle attack rotary motion causes similar effects vertical horizontal tail surfaces things Since vertical fin generally above fuselage force causes tendency roll clockwise However same force also generates tendency airplane yaw left Lets take look what weve got engine torque tries make airplane roll counter clockwise However prop wash tries roll airplane clockwise yaw left So what does airplane Good question low speed engine torque has greater effect prop wash high speed two effects tend balance out effect does have balancing contribution yaw left due prop wash However long time ago modelers dis covered giving small amount right thrust would tend cancel effect prop wash swirling over vertical fin problems certain amount right thrust perfect flight condition airplane Nevertheless partial solution better modelers use right thrust correct yawing tendency airplanes due prop wash So what about Jeff Rankins Comet II Chances Jeff victim two factors engine torque certainly caused airplane roll counter clockwise airplane took off addition flying airplane too fast beginners reflexes course reasonable question ask didnt have trouble windy day Actually windy day better choice fly high-powered combination beginner Fox 60 Hawk has lot torque Comet II torque effect caused airplane roll severely beginner used high wind first day caused airplane reasonably high airspeed urnrn_____________________________ ENGINE MOUNTS original RADIAL-BEAM mounts mount lot engines 15 Short long beams tot engine installatIon 4ASS Eliminates directs messy exhaust oil away piene June 1981 43 probably less day before airplane initially susceptible engine torque addition since groundspeed airplane much higher Continued page 128 launch wind kept airplane getting very far away soon after launch able control torque effect other hand second day wind reasonably calm takeoff airspeed ou nerriieo lempis rate reacnes over rue prop urn rrnswernJra Speed 61-powered Dirty Birdy 1980 Nats Bill Macartney holds prop blast going just haul model through air Ron tells us about propwash effects month SCALE AIRCRAFT MANIFOLDS complete package metal rims glasses face p1a ci.. I Universal manifold fit cowling prob lame Select tell tube required Three eizee U.1O.25.dO45-JO PrTTS CESSNA 160 type alrQalt o sizes 23-dO d5-S0 Dont LET Quadrarequite job sonesnarwiiiTnisj7 cu engine develops almost 4 hp yet weighs pound over Quadra has power pull Byron Pitts straight upwithout prop reduction also takes no space Quadrait will fit entirely inside cowl Nosen D unexposed stripped chain-saw motor engine manufactured USA miniature aircraft use Comes complete ready run year 100% warranty NOW YOU GET CHOICE BASE 31 ENGINE Ready-to-run excludes features below can purchased separately Machined Balenced Flywheel$1000 Ball Bearing Front Housing$2000 Exhaust Manifold$750 Six Bolt Hub Engine Mount COMPLETE MODIFIED 37 ENGINE Factory Bench-tested includes following HI-CARBON FORGEDONE-PIECE CRANK AND CONNECTING ROD ELECTRONIC IGNITION SIX-BOLT HUB AN6 POSITIONABLE EXHAUSi MANIFOLD BALL-BEARING ON CRANK Both Run Gas Oil Comolete Parts & Service Send hecko MO o w sh pcO 0 UPS Add$400shipping& ee aaog Oeae nqu es n ed HORNER SALSF INC CAPYOUR CLUB LOGO II II Let Know II I\Who Clubi III ers Arel1 II I Good ServicelI Inqu aboutCall Write To3 ou Custom Ill o ntad TtC STOP DOG RTS tOO 4730 5W 75th Ave. 44LlV Miami FL 33155 261 7765 U Great ftC Clubsi Low Minimum Reasonable Prices can remember contestant tried use artists painting Spitfire color authentication rejected Depending upon conditions storage color photos begin changing day printed assuming original exposure proces sing correct also acceptable Some modelers offer proof piece fabric original plane fabric same color originally could modeling faded airplane judges will place great faith scrap fabric comes down modelers ability copy color something however inaccurate give judges opportunity compare large part score derived original plane very likely also changed hue shade its lifetime case desert warplanes change drastic Texture finish also difficult pin down scale ratio plays apart addition degrees gloss also fineness weave fabric roughness paint consider Additional information static judging appears under title Annex pages 104 105 1980-81 AMA rule book Bob Dolly Wischer Rt 1 S-221 Lapham Peak Road Delafield WI 53018 GRUMMAN WIDGEON MR Gs PRODUCTS 1010 Gratiot Box 161 Marysville MI 48040 RC Aerobatics/Van Putte Continued page 43 windy day moved away him faster combination factors probably caused dis orientation through couldnt think fast enough prevent crash airplanes sometimes strange beasts often seems just think step ahead cross us up think up new way crash moral story know engine torque effect ready Ron Van Putte 111 Sleepy Oaks Rd Fort Walton Beac/i FL 32548 RC Giant Scale/Beckman Continued page 47 lot letters asking didnt test other engine What published what room issue its beginning addition Quadra report mentioned above will test report engine can following hand future reports Mag Aero 2 Homelite 16 Evra 19 Husky 20 Husky 23 Kawasaki 315 Roper 19 Later year will looking custom conversions engines 3 6 cu range Correction time both price address wrong P-40 plan review April Price $3300 plus $200 postage Address Mammoth Scale Plans 3351 Pruneridge Ave Santa Clara CA 95051 Bob Beckman 8248 Holly Grove Court Manassas VA 22110 RC Pylon Racing/Hager Continued page 48 Marcos TX Formula races particular interest because little airplanes what copy Formula racing model airplanes Full-size Formula racing really started 1930s during Cleveland National Air Races airplanes like Howard Mike Ike Wittman Chief Oshkosh Bonzo Keith Rider R-4 R-6 Chester Jeep Goon Most machines one-of-a-kind types designed maximum performance eye toward cleanliness design lightness weight rather brute horsepower Thus direct lineage IFM/Formula Racers today same genious creativity innovative design continues today racing class Most machines IFM/Formula Racing individual designs variations designs several accepted types have become ex tremely successful popular such Cassutt Racers Shoestring Racers Owl Racers others class known today began Cleveland National Air Races 1947 refinements class over years since 1947 have phenomenal average speeds top competitors today almost hundred miles hour faster Bill Brennands winning speed first race back 1947 As its predecessors 1930s IFM/Formula Racer today built ground up purpose onlythat all-out performance competition rules class stringent racers must powered engine no 200 Cu displacement 100 hp racers participated events such Thompson Greve Trophy Races 30s much 1000 hp yet todays IFM/ Formula Racers going just about fast did machines bygone era using considerably less horsepower rules class state racers much have fixed nonretractable landing gear must weigh minimum 500 lbs have optimum visibility speedy lightweight racers turn three-mile closed pylon course speeds excess 200 mph making still fastest motor sport world usually built pilots race often constructed steel tube fabric wood wings fiberglass materials some combination of Several over years have also lightweight all-metal construction midget racers usually have wingspan fuselage length somewhere between 15 1 8 feet empty weight between 500 800 lbs Naturally lighter better cases talking some pilots found quite familiar Formula models seem doing some same things doing get speed 128 Model Aviation 380 Dixie Hwy. Reacher II Sll441 Tel 312 9422115 Ultimate El ving Boat The
Edition: Model Aviation - 1981/06
Page Numbers: 42, 43, 128
Control Sport Aerobatics Ron Van Putte RECENTLY letter came via Model Aviations publisher brought two thoughts mind column subjects letter came Jeff Rankin Reasnor IA reported problems new airplane finished flown crashed Anedited version JeWs letter follows have question concern ing engine torque right thrust Im what youd call seasoned flier however can usually get plane up back down no trouble However little trouble plane lately Im quite sure what happened Just idea Ive noticed before some airplane plans kits say point engine 20 right always assumed offset torque engine plane Lanier Comet II requires 45-60 sized engine Fox 60 Hawk engine size range thats what went plane ready fly anxiously waiting fairly nice day day came wasnt exactly nice wind blowing overcast cold could tell after engine running going have enough power got plane air hand launched immedi ately slowed down because speed going throttle stick almost resting bottom its throw plane still seemed going faster anything Id ever flown flew beautifully strong wind bring early because hands getting cold So landed extremely pleased way things went next day beautiful day sunny warm very little wind really excited expecting good day flying took plane different place better runway started checked controls opened up go speed moving down runway just amazed Ive never seen plane move fast before lifted off first couple seconds everything looked right started make left turn Ijust let go because turn around anyway However something happened turn As often happens try remember what happened draw blank remember trying level out wouldnt What happened after Im sure know upside down least once think process doing something resembled outside loop made contact ground happened fast cant help think gotten slowed down might have right So question much does engine torque affect flight airplane meantime have written Jeff about question thought perhaps might quite few others would like find out about effects engines propellers airplanes may have noticed Jeff wrote about effects engine torque wrote effects engines propellers might interesting others reason engine directly affects airplane applying torque fuselage propeller also directly affects airplane way produces thrust Most engines turn clockwise viewed forward cockpit torque engine applies turn propeller must opposed airplane Consequently engine attempts roll airplane counter clockwise left no trim control input oppose motion airplane will roll Fortunately easy trim Out effect torque airplane normal flying speed Unfortunately during takeoff airplane travelling slowly effect torque difficult counter Most pilots apply right rudder during takeoff run perhaps bit right aileron just after takeoff counter engine torque until airplane gets up decent flying speed However beginners just let airplane roll left climb out correcting roll airplane gets com fortable altitude roll back other part effects airplane what propeller does indirectly flying surfaces propeller nothing rotary wing produces thrust accelerating air toward rear airplane know drag propeller limits speed engine means propeller also accelerates air direction propeller turning acceleration air rear direction propeller turning causes air swirl clock wise toward rear airplane shown Figure 1 effects swirling air have wings fuselage horizontal tail vertical fin very complicated determine Neverthe less can make some general conclusions about what must happening first flying surface feel effect swirling air propeller wing see Figure 2 part right wing prop wash subjected reduction angie attack Conversely same part left wing will see increase angle attack angle attack changes cause decrease lift right wing increase left wing means wing has tendency roll clockwise due effect propeller wash same reasons horizontal tail also develops tendency roll clockwise vertical fin sidewash left right refer Figure 1 means force developed right does two 42 Model Aviation ooking Fo Figure 1 top exaggerated picture propwash actually flows back over airplane causing aerodynamic effects described months column Figure 2 bottom illustrates rotary motion propwash causes changes wing angle attack rotary motion causes similar effects vertical horizontal tail surfaces things Since vertical fin generally above fuselage force causes tendency roll clockwise However same force also generates tendency airplane yaw left Lets take look what weve got engine torque tries make airplane roll counter clockwise However prop wash tries roll airplane clockwise yaw left So what does airplane Good question low speed engine torque has greater effect prop wash high speed two effects tend balance out effect does have balancing contribution yaw left due prop wash However long time ago modelers dis covered giving small amount right thrust would tend cancel effect prop wash swirling over vertical fin problems certain amount right thrust perfect flight condition airplane Nevertheless partial solution better modelers use right thrust correct yawing tendency airplanes due prop wash So what about Jeff Rankins Comet II Chances Jeff victim two factors engine torque certainly caused airplane roll counter clockwise airplane took off addition flying airplane too fast beginners reflexes course reasonable question ask didnt have trouble windy day Actually windy day better choice fly high-powered combination beginner Fox 60 Hawk has lot torque Comet II torque effect caused airplane roll severely beginner used high wind first day caused airplane reasonably high airspeed urnrn_____________________________ ENGINE MOUNTS original RADIAL-BEAM mounts mount lot engines 15 Short long beams tot engine installatIon 4ASS Eliminates directs messy exhaust oil away piene June 1981 43 probably less day before airplane initially susceptible engine torque addition since groundspeed airplane much higher Continued page 128 launch wind kept airplane getting very far away soon after launch able control torque effect other hand second day wind reasonably calm takeoff airspeed ou nerriieo lempis rate reacnes over rue prop urn rrnswernJra Speed 61-powered Dirty Birdy 1980 Nats Bill Macartney holds prop blast going just haul model through air Ron tells us about propwash effects month SCALE AIRCRAFT MANIFOLDS complete package metal rims glasses face p1a ci.. I Universal manifold fit cowling prob lame Select tell tube required Three eizee U.1O.25.dO45-JO PrTTS CESSNA 160 type alrQalt o sizes 23-dO d5-S0 Dont LET Quadrarequite job sonesnarwiiiTnisj7 cu engine develops almost 4 hp yet weighs pound over Quadra has power pull Byron Pitts straight upwithout prop reduction also takes no space Quadrait will fit entirely inside cowl Nosen D unexposed stripped chain-saw motor engine manufactured USA miniature aircraft use Comes complete ready run year 100% warranty NOW YOU GET CHOICE BASE 31 ENGINE Ready-to-run excludes features below can purchased separately Machined Balenced Flywheel$1000 Ball Bearing Front Housing$2000 Exhaust Manifold$750 Six Bolt Hub Engine Mount COMPLETE MODIFIED 37 ENGINE Factory Bench-tested includes following HI-CARBON FORGEDONE-PIECE CRANK AND CONNECTING ROD ELECTRONIC IGNITION SIX-BOLT HUB AN6 POSITIONABLE EXHAUSi MANIFOLD BALL-BEARING ON CRANK Both Run Gas Oil Comolete Parts & Service Send hecko MO o w sh pcO 0 UPS Add$400shipping& ee aaog Oeae nqu es n ed HORNER SALSF INC CAPYOUR CLUB LOGO II II Let Know II I\Who Clubi III ers Arel1 II I Good ServicelI Inqu aboutCall Write To3 ou Custom Ill o ntad TtC STOP DOG RTS tOO 4730 5W 75th Ave. 44LlV Miami FL 33155 261 7765 U Great ftC Clubsi Low Minimum Reasonable Prices can remember contestant tried use artists painting Spitfire color authentication rejected Depending upon conditions storage color photos begin changing day printed assuming original exposure proces sing correct also acceptable Some modelers offer proof piece fabric original plane fabric same color originally could modeling faded airplane judges will place great faith scrap fabric comes down modelers ability copy color something however inaccurate give judges opportunity compare large part score derived original plane very likely also changed hue shade its lifetime case desert warplanes change drastic Texture finish also difficult pin down scale ratio plays apart addition degrees gloss also fineness weave fabric roughness paint consider Additional information static judging appears under title Annex pages 104 105 1980-81 AMA rule book Bob Dolly Wischer Rt 1 S-221 Lapham Peak Road Delafield WI 53018 GRUMMAN WIDGEON MR Gs PRODUCTS 1010 Gratiot Box 161 Marysville MI 48040 RC Aerobatics/Van Putte Continued page 43 windy day moved away him faster combination factors probably caused dis orientation through couldnt think fast enough prevent crash airplanes sometimes strange beasts often seems just think step ahead cross us up think up new way crash moral story know engine torque effect ready Ron Van Putte 111 Sleepy Oaks Rd Fort Walton Beac/i FL 32548 RC Giant Scale/Beckman Continued page 47 lot letters asking didnt test other engine What published what room issue its beginning addition Quadra report mentioned above will test report engine can following hand future reports Mag Aero 2 Homelite 16 Evra 19 Husky 20 Husky 23 Kawasaki 315 Roper 19 Later year will looking custom conversions engines 3 6 cu range Correction time both price address wrong P-40 plan review April Price $3300 plus $200 postage Address Mammoth Scale Plans 3351 Pruneridge Ave Santa Clara CA 95051 Bob Beckman 8248 Holly Grove Court Manassas VA 22110 RC Pylon Racing/Hager Continued page 48 Marcos TX Formula races particular interest because little airplanes what copy Formula racing model airplanes Full-size Formula racing really started 1930s during Cleveland National Air Races airplanes like Howard Mike Ike Wittman Chief Oshkosh Bonzo Keith Rider R-4 R-6 Chester Jeep Goon Most machines one-of-a-kind types designed maximum performance eye toward cleanliness design lightness weight rather brute horsepower Thus direct lineage IFM/Formula Racers today same genious creativity innovative design continues today racing class Most machines IFM/Formula Racing individual designs variations designs several accepted types have become ex tremely successful popular such Cassutt Racers Shoestring Racers Owl Racers others class known today began Cleveland National Air Races 1947 refinements class over years since 1947 have phenomenal average speeds top competitors today almost hundred miles hour faster Bill Brennands winning speed first race back 1947 As its predecessors 1930s IFM/Formula Racer today built ground up purpose onlythat all-out performance competition rules class stringent racers must powered engine no 200 Cu displacement 100 hp racers participated events such Thompson Greve Trophy Races 30s much 1000 hp yet todays IFM/ Formula Racers going just about fast did machines bygone era using considerably less horsepower rules class state racers much have fixed nonretractable landing gear must weigh minimum 500 lbs have optimum visibility speedy lightweight racers turn three-mile closed pylon course speeds excess 200 mph making still fastest motor sport world usually built pilots race often constructed steel tube fabric wood wings fiberglass materials some combination of Several over years have also lightweight all-metal construction midget racers usually have wingspan fuselage length somewhere between 15 1 8 feet empty weight between 500 800 lbs Naturally lighter better cases talking some pilots found quite familiar Formula models seem doing some same things doing get speed 128 Model Aviation 380 Dixie Hwy. Reacher II Sll441 Tel 312 9422115 Ultimate El ving Boat The
Edition: Model Aviation - 1981/06
Page Numbers: 42, 43, 128
Control Sport Aerobatics Ron Van Putte RECENTLY letter came via Model Aviations publisher brought two thoughts mind column subjects letter came Jeff Rankin Reasnor IA reported problems new airplane finished flown crashed Anedited version JeWs letter follows have question concern ing engine torque right thrust Im what youd call seasoned flier however can usually get plane up back down no trouble However little trouble plane lately Im quite sure what happened Just idea Ive noticed before some airplane plans kits say point engine 20 right always assumed offset torque engine plane Lanier Comet II requires 45-60 sized engine Fox 60 Hawk engine size range thats what went plane ready fly anxiously waiting fairly nice day day came wasnt exactly nice wind blowing overcast cold could tell after engine running going have enough power got plane air hand launched immedi ately slowed down because speed going throttle stick almost resting bottom its throw plane still seemed going faster anything Id ever flown flew beautifully strong wind bring early because hands getting cold So landed extremely pleased way things went next day beautiful day sunny warm very little wind really excited expecting good day flying took plane different place better runway started checked controls opened up go speed moving down runway just amazed Ive never seen plane move fast before lifted off first couple seconds everything looked right started make left turn Ijust let go because turn around anyway However something happened turn As often happens try remember what happened draw blank remember trying level out wouldnt What happened after Im sure know upside down least once think process doing something resembled outside loop made contact ground happened fast cant help think gotten slowed down might have right So question much does engine torque affect flight airplane meantime have written Jeff about question thought perhaps might quite few others would like find out about effects engines propellers airplanes may have noticed Jeff wrote about effects engine torque wrote effects engines propellers might interesting others reason engine directly affects airplane applying torque fuselage propeller also directly affects airplane way produces thrust Most engines turn clockwise viewed forward cockpit torque engine applies turn propeller must opposed airplane Consequently engine attempts roll airplane counter clockwise left no trim control input oppose motion airplane will roll Fortunately easy trim Out effect torque airplane normal flying speed Unfortunately during takeoff airplane travelling slowly effect torque difficult counter Most pilots apply right rudder during takeoff run perhaps bit right aileron just after takeoff counter engine torque until airplane gets up decent flying speed However beginners just let airplane roll left climb out correcting roll airplane gets com fortable altitude roll back other part effects airplane what propeller does indirectly flying surfaces propeller nothing rotary wing produces thrust accelerating air toward rear airplane know drag propeller limits speed engine means propeller also accelerates air direction propeller turning acceleration air rear direction propeller turning causes air swirl clock wise toward rear airplane shown Figure 1 effects swirling air have wings fuselage horizontal tail vertical fin very complicated determine Neverthe less can make some general conclusions about what must happening first flying surface feel effect swirling air propeller wing see Figure 2 part right wing prop wash subjected reduction angie attack Conversely same part left wing will see increase angle attack angle attack changes cause decrease lift right wing increase left wing means wing has tendency roll clockwise due effect propeller wash same reasons horizontal tail also develops tendency roll clockwise vertical fin sidewash left right refer Figure 1 means force developed right does two 42 Model Aviation ooking Fo Figure 1 top exaggerated picture propwash actually flows back over airplane causing aerodynamic effects described months column Figure 2 bottom illustrates rotary motion propwash causes changes wing angle attack rotary motion causes similar effects vertical horizontal tail surfaces things Since vertical fin generally above fuselage force causes tendency roll clockwise However same force also generates tendency airplane yaw left Lets take look what weve got engine torque tries make airplane roll counter clockwise However prop wash tries roll airplane clockwise yaw left So what does airplane Good question low speed engine torque has greater effect prop wash high speed two effects tend balance out effect does have balancing contribution yaw left due prop wash However long time ago modelers dis covered giving small amount right thrust would tend cancel effect prop wash swirling over vertical fin problems certain amount right thrust perfect flight condition airplane Nevertheless partial solution better modelers use right thrust correct yawing tendency airplanes due prop wash So what about Jeff Rankins Comet II Chances Jeff victim two factors engine torque certainly caused airplane roll counter clockwise airplane took off addition flying airplane too fast beginners reflexes course reasonable question ask didnt have trouble windy day Actually windy day better choice fly high-powered combination beginner Fox 60 Hawk has lot torque Comet II torque effect caused airplane roll severely beginner used high wind first day caused airplane reasonably high airspeed urnrn_____________________________ ENGINE MOUNTS original RADIAL-BEAM mounts mount lot engines 15 Short long beams tot engine installatIon 4ASS Eliminates directs messy exhaust oil away piene June 1981 43 probably less day before airplane initially susceptible engine torque addition since groundspeed airplane much higher Continued page 128 launch wind kept airplane getting very far away soon after launch able control torque effect other hand second day wind reasonably calm takeoff airspeed ou nerriieo lempis rate reacnes over rue prop urn rrnswernJra Speed 61-powered Dirty Birdy 1980 Nats Bill Macartney holds prop blast going just haul model through air Ron tells us about propwash effects month SCALE AIRCRAFT MANIFOLDS complete package metal rims glasses face p1a ci.. I Universal manifold fit cowling prob lame Select tell tube required Three eizee U.1O.25.dO45-JO PrTTS CESSNA 160 type alrQalt o sizes 23-dO d5-S0 Dont LET Quadrarequite job sonesnarwiiiTnisj7 cu engine develops almost 4 hp yet weighs pound over Quadra has power pull Byron Pitts straight upwithout prop reduction also takes no space Quadrait will fit entirely inside cowl Nosen D unexposed stripped chain-saw motor engine manufactured USA miniature aircraft use Comes complete ready run year 100% warranty NOW YOU GET CHOICE BASE 31 ENGINE Ready-to-run excludes features below can purchased separately Machined Balenced Flywheel$1000 Ball Bearing Front Housing$2000 Exhaust Manifold$750 Six Bolt Hub Engine Mount COMPLETE MODIFIED 37 ENGINE Factory Bench-tested includes following HI-CARBON FORGEDONE-PIECE CRANK AND CONNECTING ROD ELECTRONIC IGNITION SIX-BOLT HUB AN6 POSITIONABLE EXHAUSi MANIFOLD BALL-BEARING ON CRANK Both Run Gas Oil Comolete Parts & Service Send hecko MO o w sh pcO 0 UPS Add$400shipping& ee aaog Oeae nqu es n ed HORNER SALSF INC CAPYOUR CLUB LOGO II II Let Know II I\Who Clubi III ers Arel1 II I Good ServicelI Inqu aboutCall Write To3 ou Custom Ill o ntad TtC STOP DOG RTS tOO 4730 5W 75th Ave. 44LlV Miami FL 33155 261 7765 U Great ftC Clubsi Low Minimum Reasonable Prices can remember contestant tried use artists painting Spitfire color authentication rejected Depending upon conditions storage color photos begin changing day printed assuming original exposure proces sing correct also acceptable Some modelers offer proof piece fabric original plane fabric same color originally could modeling faded airplane judges will place great faith scrap fabric comes down modelers ability copy color something however inaccurate give judges opportunity compare large part score derived original plane very likely also changed hue shade its lifetime case desert warplanes change drastic Texture finish also difficult pin down scale ratio plays apart addition degrees gloss also fineness weave fabric roughness paint consider Additional information static judging appears under title Annex pages 104 105 1980-81 AMA rule book Bob Dolly Wischer Rt 1 S-221 Lapham Peak Road Delafield WI 53018 GRUMMAN WIDGEON MR Gs PRODUCTS 1010 Gratiot Box 161 Marysville MI 48040 RC Aerobatics/Van Putte Continued page 43 windy day moved away him faster combination factors probably caused dis orientation through couldnt think fast enough prevent crash airplanes sometimes strange beasts often seems just think step ahead cross us up think up new way crash moral story know engine torque effect ready Ron Van Putte 111 Sleepy Oaks Rd Fort Walton Beac/i FL 32548 RC Giant Scale/Beckman Continued page 47 lot letters asking didnt test other engine What published what room issue its beginning addition Quadra report mentioned above will test report engine can following hand future reports Mag Aero 2 Homelite 16 Evra 19 Husky 20 Husky 23 Kawasaki 315 Roper 19 Later year will looking custom conversions engines 3 6 cu range Correction time both price address wrong P-40 plan review April Price $3300 plus $200 postage Address Mammoth Scale Plans 3351 Pruneridge Ave Santa Clara CA 95051 Bob Beckman 8248 Holly Grove Court Manassas VA 22110 RC Pylon Racing/Hager Continued page 48 Marcos TX Formula races particular interest because little airplanes what copy Formula racing model airplanes Full-size Formula racing really started 1930s during Cleveland National Air Races airplanes like Howard Mike Ike Wittman Chief Oshkosh Bonzo Keith Rider R-4 R-6 Chester Jeep Goon Most machines one-of-a-kind types designed maximum performance eye toward cleanliness design lightness weight rather brute horsepower Thus direct lineage IFM/Formula Racers today same genious creativity innovative design continues today racing class Most machines IFM/Formula Racing individual designs variations designs several accepted types have become ex tremely successful popular such Cassutt Racers Shoestring Racers Owl Racers others class known today began Cleveland National Air Races 1947 refinements class over years since 1947 have phenomenal average speeds top competitors today almost hundred miles hour faster Bill Brennands winning speed first race back 1947 As its predecessors 1930s IFM/Formula Racer today built ground up purpose onlythat all-out performance competition rules class stringent racers must powered engine no 200 Cu displacement 100 hp racers participated events such Thompson Greve Trophy Races 30s much 1000 hp yet todays IFM/ Formula Racers going just about fast did machines bygone era using considerably less horsepower rules class state racers much have fixed nonretractable landing gear must weigh minimum 500 lbs have optimum visibility speedy lightweight racers turn three-mile closed pylon course speeds excess 200 mph making still fastest motor sport world usually built pilots race often constructed steel tube fabric wood wings fiberglass materials some combination of Several over years have also lightweight all-metal construction midget racers usually have wingspan fuselage length somewhere between 15 1 8 feet empty weight between 500 800 lbs Naturally lighter better cases talking some pilots found quite familiar Formula models seem doing some same things doing get speed 128 Model Aviation 380 Dixie Hwy. Reacher II Sll441 Tel 312 9422115 Ultimate El ving Boat The