Radio Technique. GeorgeMyers NOTICE RC Airmen Hot Weather Discharges Batteries store batteries trunk car park hot sun several hours before flying expect batteries discharged warn ing particularly directed working fel lows like like stop off field way home job order get some flying charge batteries overnight about 9 hours store planes car day long about 9 hours suffer consequences evening gets worse manage sneak couple flights lunch time forget recharge batteries night As point reference let say have driving Ford LTD station wagon tinted windows since 1967 During period Ive small ther mometer stuck instrument panel Air temperature Long Island sel dom exceeds 950F yet often see cabin temperatures 1350F park car sun leave windows open about 1 inch ventilation rain fore cast windows kept closed temperature goes higher Though havent measurements give hard data seems likely still higher temp eratures would seen South Southwest Fig 1 shows average nickel-cadmium battery loses charge function temperature Another point worth mentioning 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 I0 0 0 NEW NICKEL-CADMIUM BATTERIES 1600FAUTO IN tO 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 DAYS AT TEMPERATURE AFTER FULL CHARGE Fig 1 Percent rated capacity remaining 48 VDC battery after soaking elevated tempera tures Used pack may start 50% capacity watch iti Storage automobile almost guaran teed exceed manufacturers limits N IO0oF*700 F I0 100 000 NUMBER OF CHARGE/DISCHARGE CYCLES Fig 2 Percent rated charge accepted 48 VDC battery pack function number charge/ discharge cycles completed Operations above room temperature seriously reduce service life shown Fig 2 ability battery hold charge diminishes time battery recharged Manufacturers sug gest battery can considered ex pended can hold half its rated charge point can reached very quickly battery abused best way abuse battery discharge very fast let lie around discharged long time Other ways wear out battery include overcharging very high rates charge discharging very low voltage below 11 volts per cell time use performing charge/discharge/recharge cycle temp eratures well above room temperature such 1350F higher Now wouldnt things would Lets go little further temper ature business What color model Using darkroom thermometer dis covered Tims Sunfli 4-20 has black Monokote top chrome Mono kote bottom held radio com partment 500F above ambientwhen parked its wheels hot sun yet temp erature dropped lOT above ambi ent plane turned shiny side up Actually dont need thermo meter tell whats happening October1978 15 100 90 80 70 w 0 t6O U 5O I- 40 w 30 -j cr20 I0 0 fingers tell right away Just storing dark-colored model near window sun can shine day can bake batteries very quickly However its bad damage com pounded use Rapid Charger field considering battery wrapped up nice foam rubber insulating blanket holds heat long after exterior model has cooled down often have put fingers battery pack being charged As batteries age build up internal resistance Some can get quite hot particularly Rapid Charged Thats way know its time change Promise please find batteries getting old will replace delay cost much less plane theyre damage crash can cause Another place batteries abide transmitter years ago Pro-line adopted white color arguing kept equipment cool Well does Keeping equipment clean chore because white really shows dirt its cool What color transmitter hot does get left sun Heat accelerates aging components inside box example see Fig 3 capacitor 1972 Kraft transmitter has dried out cracked open likely culprit heat Lest think Ive overstated problem let point out instru ments control panel Lunar Module made Americas best manufacturers using best materials tools techniques failed simple thermal-cycling test varied temperature 00F 140F once 12 hours failures constant source disappointment struggled put man moon radio equipment being put severe test just riding around car truly wonderful modern techniques have produced such durable Continued page 87 16 Model Aviation Fig 3 White arrow points telltale marks reveal capacitor damage heat age Fig 4 Bob Aberles Kraft Signature transmitter contains both RF output meter battery test meter Special adapter may needed mate charging jack test valid manufactur ers 48 VDC nicad pack built-in test feature available several higher priced transmittershelpful make use Fig 5 Ron Farkas shows us S&O battery tester Junior Tale master Check batteries after flight because will recov er little between flights reading taken just before next flight may slightly higher though no charge has added battery can have control over battery problems previous data indicated 60 66% ideal NACA data would indicate some work blade width location might bear some fruit Something else try hope readers will see letter has added worth what previously offered way pooled knowledge can make investigation easier interesting part believe recent prop work has discovered basis what could super prop Formula racing least results drastic change have very surprising enlightening Should dear editor see fit per haps will able pass findings along near future Harold deBolt Buffalo NY Mr deBolts letter responds earlier letter Bill Gieskienghe has seen Bills letter months column dear editor waffling won ders f world ready Harolds lat est findings unloading figures unbelievablediference between onground in-flight rpm ed also terrjfied sharpie Pylon guys sailplane designers wodld feel better some positive Pylon guys would try some deBolts earlier article revelations about itshould carry RC Technique/Myers continued page 16 item really wise treat care lessl Having stated problem its time suggest some solutions 1 Park shade 2 Cover windows keep out sunlight problem Greenhouse Effect Sunlight passes through glass heat interior car heated interior tries radiate its excess heat back out window cant because radiant energy frequency associated 60 -3 d U 1-50 -J 0 0 0 40 0 FE low temperature interior car much lower frequency sunlight glass black lower frequencies So heat stays car collects raising temperature convenient way dispose open windows let hot air carry away 3 If cant above perhaps can take batteries build ing Keeping cool objective 4 Failing should least test batteries before first flight 102030 DISCHARGE TIME IN MINUTES AVG 500 ma LOAD 40 50 Fig 6 Shows results testing several battery packs under various environmental conditions Name Address ______________Cly.........Slalo......Zp after flight Several manufacturers now offering built-in battery testers part transmitter Fig 4 shows Kraft Signature transmitter being used test batteries Quickee 500 Fig 5 shows Bridi expanded-scale voltmeter performing same service Similar ESM available Royal Electronics Craft Air EKLogictrol others devices place load battery simulates load operating system can use operating system load use LED low-voltage detectors such Power-Cyt Flite Lite Corleys CVI discussed column length January April issues 1976 What ever use test dont guess test let load hang batteries least 30 seconds may find voltage drops quite rapidly danger zone Batteries recuperate little get chance rest flash reading may very well wrong Since correct information best defense might want run few bat tery discharge tests Now dont believe discharging battery way down time recommended some battery discharge/time tester manu facturers does use up some life battery think test purpose establishing baseline condition good idea test what have may find some thing like Fig 6 Surprise battery October1978 87 Designed 2 channel R/C tether control 15 35 engines Maintaining top quality simple conSTERLING MODELS 0 ST PHILA PA 19134 Co dealet anarlablo dIrect Orders accepted tO oddrtoAal atruction Balsa Plywood parts accurately cOarge trandling shIpping 500 orinormon 0 US Sr 25 diecut precision vacuum formed Plastic hull andootsrde US - - Catalog entIre roe Ct arrplane corrrtot roe model kIts 0 C ocare cabin Hardware package including A/C hardware Full and Trainer kIts Seat model kIts accessorres etc 500 errcinosed sized Plans plus Decals Sport model coast- Secrets Model AIrplane Surldrog IncludIng desIgn OOnstroctlOn cooerlng trotstring trying adlustinog coorroin systems etc 250 Guard versionO Secret ot Contol Line Catrine Flying Inclodtng ytotlrgttt soloIng stunting Cartter rote ants regolatrons Carrine ttereg trrnts cootot line tostallatino rostroctrOns 250 enclosed Noottecks Only U S money Orders currency accepted O-NEWCELL700F NEW CELL 7O0FAFTER 2 DAYS IN CAR USED CELL 1300F AFTER 2 DAYS IN CAR GRISH AIRCRAFT TYPE PROPELLERS Made hardwood fully carved true helical pitch airfoil ready sanding ALL SIZES IN18$700 6 8 & 10 PITCH20800 RIGHT HAND221000 ROTATION241300 3/8 BORE AT YOUR DEALER ALL GRISH PROPELLERS ARE ENGINEERED TO TRUE i-IELICAL PITCH AND AIRFOIL FOR EFFICIENCY 2 Blade Tractor 5-3each 5-45A-35A-4304 6-36-4354 7-47-67-8504 8-48-68-8654 9-49-69-7 9-810-410-6854 11-411-611-8$1 12-412-512-6$150 USE TO PROPEL AIR CREATE THRUST AND BE PROPELLED BY AIR 5/2-3 2 Blade Pusher 5A-4 6-36-4 354 8-6854 504 9-610-6 $1BLADE 3 BladeTractor 5-3 6-36-4 3 Blade Pusher 6-3504Metallic Aluminum Color Made polyester boll color7-67-8$1 8-68-8 $125 9-6 10-6 10-4 $150 Pusher 10-6$150 modelers using spark plug gap devices will provide approximation have searched through several catalogs tools equipment gauges find available drill ream screw sizes Perhaps old Brown & Sharpe gauge still being made perhaps another company under another name gauge type quite useful inexpensive will help identify odd bit wire have scrap box check what dealers have sent readers have name ad dress company makes wire gauge such old Brown & Sharpe have youd doing fellow model builders favor letting Editor Model viation know careful confuse wire gauge another Brown & Sharpe gauge have US Standard Gauge Sheet Plate Iron Steel numbers sizes slots same subject steel wire whatever happened old piano wire kind stuff lot springback held its shape shaped could formed would real good spring Seems wire today simply steel wire no spring it bends unwanted shape easily stays Fifteen Hours Weber continued page 21 pack YOU thought good two hours flying turns out good 30 minutes after age heat get through Please keep letters coming questions bothering other people too George M Myers 70 Froehlich Farm Road Hicksville NY 11801 Magic Letters/Shipp continued page 17 England specifies wire #l4swg another drawing says use wire 064 inch third stipulates 1/16th inch some futuristic wise guy says use 1588mm Now what gonna What rela tionship does have other Frantically reading through collection mail order catalogs ref erences favorite model airplane magazines advertising find dismay wire listed either fractions decimals inch melange does swg mm fit Well friend fret no problem solved accompanying table will find relief have ask 1/16th inch 064 inch size same #l4swg 1588mm identical sizes get plans other sizes can always figure out nearest size fit needs table Like yourself Ive going through dilemma years have using 75-year-old Brown & Sharpe wire gauge father machinist col lection old well-made well-kept tools inherited passed away 2-inch diameter gauge pro vides swg number side approximate decimal equivalents other leads wonder ever arrived sizes first place Did decimals come first did swg numbers what based origination wire sizes World Book Encyclopedia states size wire differs according its gauge dia meter American Brown & Sharpe standard gauge used United States gauge varies Number 000000 058 inch diameter Number 36 005 other United States standards Sometimes Imperial gauge England used France Germany use gauges based millimeter steel wire gauge standard gauge steel wire United States Oddly though draw ings England use swg numbers American drawings use common understandable us least fractions decimals inch As service fellow befuddled modelers took data Brown & Sharpe gauge being simple mind added other equivalents should provide information should ever need about wire sizes know some satisfactory either on-board lamps 12-volt spotlights ground ready both Now dark using three lamps plane three spotlights ground Hey gang much harder expected needed clearer head reflective tape Thinking about what plane doing difficult such limited visual cues long must go break record Two hours Can stand possibly tough est thing Id ever done Stress fatigue present night time test flights got out fourth spotlight saving needed light keep going night distractions Un identified flying creatures out Star Wars peeping over tops spotlights nearby NASA laser tracking station pulsed red green laser beams pass ing satellite much longer guys worst time flight yet come Shortly after 11 pm helicopter flew past no lights kind Illegal Soon saw distance turned huge spotlight several minutes searched two miles away Oh no coming way needed ten minutes new record could hardly see model monstrous light eyes came within 500 feet shined directly us tried keep back Go away might blow Shark down kept 88 Model Aviation PROPELLERS AT YOUR DEALER T DISCRETION OF THE PURCHASER G RUSH ST JOHN INDIANA 46373
Edition: Model Aviation - 1978/10
Page Numbers: 15, 16, 87, 88
Radio Technique. GeorgeMyers NOTICE RC Airmen Hot Weather Discharges Batteries store batteries trunk car park hot sun several hours before flying expect batteries discharged warn ing particularly directed working fel lows like like stop off field way home job order get some flying charge batteries overnight about 9 hours store planes car day long about 9 hours suffer consequences evening gets worse manage sneak couple flights lunch time forget recharge batteries night As point reference let say have driving Ford LTD station wagon tinted windows since 1967 During period Ive small ther mometer stuck instrument panel Air temperature Long Island sel dom exceeds 950F yet often see cabin temperatures 1350F park car sun leave windows open about 1 inch ventilation rain fore cast windows kept closed temperature goes higher Though havent measurements give hard data seems likely still higher temp eratures would seen South Southwest Fig 1 shows average nickel-cadmium battery loses charge function temperature Another point worth mentioning 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 I0 0 0 NEW NICKEL-CADMIUM BATTERIES 1600FAUTO IN tO 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 DAYS AT TEMPERATURE AFTER FULL CHARGE Fig 1 Percent rated capacity remaining 48 VDC battery after soaking elevated tempera tures Used pack may start 50% capacity watch iti Storage automobile almost guaran teed exceed manufacturers limits N IO0oF*700 F I0 100 000 NUMBER OF CHARGE/DISCHARGE CYCLES Fig 2 Percent rated charge accepted 48 VDC battery pack function number charge/ discharge cycles completed Operations above room temperature seriously reduce service life shown Fig 2 ability battery hold charge diminishes time battery recharged Manufacturers sug gest battery can considered ex pended can hold half its rated charge point can reached very quickly battery abused best way abuse battery discharge very fast let lie around discharged long time Other ways wear out battery include overcharging very high rates charge discharging very low voltage below 11 volts per cell time use performing charge/discharge/recharge cycle temp eratures well above room temperature such 1350F higher Now wouldnt things would Lets go little further temper ature business What color model Using darkroom thermometer dis covered Tims Sunfli 4-20 has black Monokote top chrome Mono kote bottom held radio com partment 500F above ambientwhen parked its wheels hot sun yet temp erature dropped lOT above ambi ent plane turned shiny side up Actually dont need thermo meter tell whats happening October1978 15 100 90 80 70 w 0 t6O U 5O I- 40 w 30 -j cr20 I0 0 fingers tell right away Just storing dark-colored model near window sun can shine day can bake batteries very quickly However its bad damage com pounded use Rapid Charger field considering battery wrapped up nice foam rubber insulating blanket holds heat long after exterior model has cooled down often have put fingers battery pack being charged As batteries age build up internal resistance Some can get quite hot particularly Rapid Charged Thats way know its time change Promise please find batteries getting old will replace delay cost much less plane theyre damage crash can cause Another place batteries abide transmitter years ago Pro-line adopted white color arguing kept equipment cool Well does Keeping equipment clean chore because white really shows dirt its cool What color transmitter hot does get left sun Heat accelerates aging components inside box example see Fig 3 capacitor 1972 Kraft transmitter has dried out cracked open likely culprit heat Lest think Ive overstated problem let point out instru ments control panel Lunar Module made Americas best manufacturers using best materials tools techniques failed simple thermal-cycling test varied temperature 00F 140F once 12 hours failures constant source disappointment struggled put man moon radio equipment being put severe test just riding around car truly wonderful modern techniques have produced such durable Continued page 87 16 Model Aviation Fig 3 White arrow points telltale marks reveal capacitor damage heat age Fig 4 Bob Aberles Kraft Signature transmitter contains both RF output meter battery test meter Special adapter may needed mate charging jack test valid manufactur ers 48 VDC nicad pack built-in test feature available several higher priced transmittershelpful make use Fig 5 Ron Farkas shows us S&O battery tester Junior Tale master Check batteries after flight because will recov er little between flights reading taken just before next flight may slightly higher though no charge has added battery can have control over battery problems previous data indicated 60 66% ideal NACA data would indicate some work blade width location might bear some fruit Something else try hope readers will see letter has added worth what previously offered way pooled knowledge can make investigation easier interesting part believe recent prop work has discovered basis what could super prop Formula racing least results drastic change have very surprising enlightening Should dear editor see fit per haps will able pass findings along near future Harold deBolt Buffalo NY Mr deBolts letter responds earlier letter Bill Gieskienghe has seen Bills letter months column dear editor waffling won ders f world ready Harolds lat est findings unloading figures unbelievablediference between onground in-flight rpm ed also terrjfied sharpie Pylon guys sailplane designers wodld feel better some positive Pylon guys would try some deBolts earlier article revelations about itshould carry RC Technique/Myers continued page 16 item really wise treat care lessl Having stated problem its time suggest some solutions 1 Park shade 2 Cover windows keep out sunlight problem Greenhouse Effect Sunlight passes through glass heat interior car heated interior tries radiate its excess heat back out window cant because radiant energy frequency associated 60 -3 d U 1-50 -J 0 0 0 40 0 FE low temperature interior car much lower frequency sunlight glass black lower frequencies So heat stays car collects raising temperature convenient way dispose open windows let hot air carry away 3 If cant above perhaps can take batteries build ing Keeping cool objective 4 Failing should least test batteries before first flight 102030 DISCHARGE TIME IN MINUTES AVG 500 ma LOAD 40 50 Fig 6 Shows results testing several battery packs under various environmental conditions Name Address ______________Cly.........Slalo......Zp after flight Several manufacturers now offering built-in battery testers part transmitter Fig 4 shows Kraft Signature transmitter being used test batteries Quickee 500 Fig 5 shows Bridi expanded-scale voltmeter performing same service Similar ESM available Royal Electronics Craft Air EKLogictrol others devices place load battery simulates load operating system can use operating system load use LED low-voltage detectors such Power-Cyt Flite Lite Corleys CVI discussed column length January April issues 1976 What ever use test dont guess test let load hang batteries least 30 seconds may find voltage drops quite rapidly danger zone Batteries recuperate little get chance rest flash reading may very well wrong Since correct information best defense might want run few bat tery discharge tests Now dont believe discharging battery way down time recommended some battery discharge/time tester manu facturers does use up some life battery think test purpose establishing baseline condition good idea test what have may find some thing like Fig 6 Surprise battery October1978 87 Designed 2 channel R/C tether control 15 35 engines Maintaining top quality simple conSTERLING MODELS 0 ST PHILA PA 19134 Co dealet anarlablo dIrect Orders accepted tO oddrtoAal atruction Balsa Plywood parts accurately cOarge trandling shIpping 500 orinormon 0 US Sr 25 diecut precision vacuum formed Plastic hull andootsrde US - - Catalog entIre roe Ct arrplane corrrtot roe model kIts 0 C ocare cabin Hardware package including A/C hardware Full and Trainer kIts Seat model kIts accessorres etc 500 errcinosed sized Plans plus Decals Sport model coast- Secrets Model AIrplane Surldrog IncludIng desIgn OOnstroctlOn cooerlng trotstring trying adlustinog coorroin systems etc 250 Guard versionO Secret ot Contol Line Catrine Flying Inclodtng ytotlrgttt soloIng stunting Cartter rote ants regolatrons Carrine ttereg trrnts cootot line tostallatino rostroctrOns 250 enclosed Noottecks Only U S money Orders currency accepted O-NEWCELL700F NEW CELL 7O0FAFTER 2 DAYS IN CAR USED CELL 1300F AFTER 2 DAYS IN CAR GRISH AIRCRAFT TYPE PROPELLERS Made hardwood fully carved true helical pitch airfoil ready sanding ALL SIZES IN18$700 6 8 & 10 PITCH20800 RIGHT HAND221000 ROTATION241300 3/8 BORE AT YOUR DEALER ALL GRISH PROPELLERS ARE ENGINEERED TO TRUE i-IELICAL PITCH AND AIRFOIL FOR EFFICIENCY 2 Blade Tractor 5-3each 5-45A-35A-4304 6-36-4354 7-47-67-8504 8-48-68-8654 9-49-69-7 9-810-410-6854 11-411-611-8$1 12-412-512-6$150 USE TO PROPEL AIR CREATE THRUST AND BE PROPELLED BY AIR 5/2-3 2 Blade Pusher 5A-4 6-36-4 354 8-6854 504 9-610-6 $1BLADE 3 BladeTractor 5-3 6-36-4 3 Blade Pusher 6-3504Metallic Aluminum Color Made polyester boll color7-67-8$1 8-68-8 $125 9-6 10-6 10-4 $150 Pusher 10-6$150 modelers using spark plug gap devices will provide approximation have searched through several catalogs tools equipment gauges find available drill ream screw sizes Perhaps old Brown & Sharpe gauge still being made perhaps another company under another name gauge type quite useful inexpensive will help identify odd bit wire have scrap box check what dealers have sent readers have name ad dress company makes wire gauge such old Brown & Sharpe have youd doing fellow model builders favor letting Editor Model viation know careful confuse wire gauge another Brown & Sharpe gauge have US Standard Gauge Sheet Plate Iron Steel numbers sizes slots same subject steel wire whatever happened old piano wire kind stuff lot springback held its shape shaped could formed would real good spring Seems wire today simply steel wire no spring it bends unwanted shape easily stays Fifteen Hours Weber continued page 21 pack YOU thought good two hours flying turns out good 30 minutes after age heat get through Please keep letters coming questions bothering other people too George M Myers 70 Froehlich Farm Road Hicksville NY 11801 Magic Letters/Shipp continued page 17 England specifies wire #l4swg another drawing says use wire 064 inch third stipulates 1/16th inch some futuristic wise guy says use 1588mm Now what gonna What rela tionship does have other Frantically reading through collection mail order catalogs ref erences favorite model airplane magazines advertising find dismay wire listed either fractions decimals inch melange does swg mm fit Well friend fret no problem solved accompanying table will find relief have ask 1/16th inch 064 inch size same #l4swg 1588mm identical sizes get plans other sizes can always figure out nearest size fit needs table Like yourself Ive going through dilemma years have using 75-year-old Brown & Sharpe wire gauge father machinist col lection old well-made well-kept tools inherited passed away 2-inch diameter gauge pro vides swg number side approximate decimal equivalents other leads wonder ever arrived sizes first place Did decimals come first did swg numbers what based origination wire sizes World Book Encyclopedia states size wire differs according its gauge dia meter American Brown & Sharpe standard gauge used United States gauge varies Number 000000 058 inch diameter Number 36 005 other United States standards Sometimes Imperial gauge England used France Germany use gauges based millimeter steel wire gauge standard gauge steel wire United States Oddly though draw ings England use swg numbers American drawings use common understandable us least fractions decimals inch As service fellow befuddled modelers took data Brown & Sharpe gauge being simple mind added other equivalents should provide information should ever need about wire sizes know some satisfactory either on-board lamps 12-volt spotlights ground ready both Now dark using three lamps plane three spotlights ground Hey gang much harder expected needed clearer head reflective tape Thinking about what plane doing difficult such limited visual cues long must go break record Two hours Can stand possibly tough est thing Id ever done Stress fatigue present night time test flights got out fourth spotlight saving needed light keep going night distractions Un identified flying creatures out Star Wars peeping over tops spotlights nearby NASA laser tracking station pulsed red green laser beams pass ing satellite much longer guys worst time flight yet come Shortly after 11 pm helicopter flew past no lights kind Illegal Soon saw distance turned huge spotlight several minutes searched two miles away Oh no coming way needed ten minutes new record could hardly see model monstrous light eyes came within 500 feet shined directly us tried keep back Go away might blow Shark down kept 88 Model Aviation PROPELLERS AT YOUR DEALER T DISCRETION OF THE PURCHASER G RUSH ST JOHN INDIANA 46373
Edition: Model Aviation - 1978/10
Page Numbers: 15, 16, 87, 88
Radio Technique. GeorgeMyers NOTICE RC Airmen Hot Weather Discharges Batteries store batteries trunk car park hot sun several hours before flying expect batteries discharged warn ing particularly directed working fel lows like like stop off field way home job order get some flying charge batteries overnight about 9 hours store planes car day long about 9 hours suffer consequences evening gets worse manage sneak couple flights lunch time forget recharge batteries night As point reference let say have driving Ford LTD station wagon tinted windows since 1967 During period Ive small ther mometer stuck instrument panel Air temperature Long Island sel dom exceeds 950F yet often see cabin temperatures 1350F park car sun leave windows open about 1 inch ventilation rain fore cast windows kept closed temperature goes higher Though havent measurements give hard data seems likely still higher temp eratures would seen South Southwest Fig 1 shows average nickel-cadmium battery loses charge function temperature Another point worth mentioning 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 I0 0 0 NEW NICKEL-CADMIUM BATTERIES 1600FAUTO IN tO 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 DAYS AT TEMPERATURE AFTER FULL CHARGE Fig 1 Percent rated capacity remaining 48 VDC battery after soaking elevated tempera tures Used pack may start 50% capacity watch iti Storage automobile almost guaran teed exceed manufacturers limits N IO0oF*700 F I0 100 000 NUMBER OF CHARGE/DISCHARGE CYCLES Fig 2 Percent rated charge accepted 48 VDC battery pack function number charge/ discharge cycles completed Operations above room temperature seriously reduce service life shown Fig 2 ability battery hold charge diminishes time battery recharged Manufacturers sug gest battery can considered ex pended can hold half its rated charge point can reached very quickly battery abused best way abuse battery discharge very fast let lie around discharged long time Other ways wear out battery include overcharging very high rates charge discharging very low voltage below 11 volts per cell time use performing charge/discharge/recharge cycle temp eratures well above room temperature such 1350F higher Now wouldnt things would Lets go little further temper ature business What color model Using darkroom thermometer dis covered Tims Sunfli 4-20 has black Monokote top chrome Mono kote bottom held radio com partment 500F above ambientwhen parked its wheels hot sun yet temp erature dropped lOT above ambi ent plane turned shiny side up Actually dont need thermo meter tell whats happening October1978 15 100 90 80 70 w 0 t6O U 5O I- 40 w 30 -j cr20 I0 0 fingers tell right away Just storing dark-colored model near window sun can shine day can bake batteries very quickly However its bad damage com pounded use Rapid Charger field considering battery wrapped up nice foam rubber insulating blanket holds heat long after exterior model has cooled down often have put fingers battery pack being charged As batteries age build up internal resistance Some can get quite hot particularly Rapid Charged Thats way know its time change Promise please find batteries getting old will replace delay cost much less plane theyre damage crash can cause Another place batteries abide transmitter years ago Pro-line adopted white color arguing kept equipment cool Well does Keeping equipment clean chore because white really shows dirt its cool What color transmitter hot does get left sun Heat accelerates aging components inside box example see Fig 3 capacitor 1972 Kraft transmitter has dried out cracked open likely culprit heat Lest think Ive overstated problem let point out instru ments control panel Lunar Module made Americas best manufacturers using best materials tools techniques failed simple thermal-cycling test varied temperature 00F 140F once 12 hours failures constant source disappointment struggled put man moon radio equipment being put severe test just riding around car truly wonderful modern techniques have produced such durable Continued page 87 16 Model Aviation Fig 3 White arrow points telltale marks reveal capacitor damage heat age Fig 4 Bob Aberles Kraft Signature transmitter contains both RF output meter battery test meter Special adapter may needed mate charging jack test valid manufactur ers 48 VDC nicad pack built-in test feature available several higher priced transmittershelpful make use Fig 5 Ron Farkas shows us S&O battery tester Junior Tale master Check batteries after flight because will recov er little between flights reading taken just before next flight may slightly higher though no charge has added battery can have control over battery problems previous data indicated 60 66% ideal NACA data would indicate some work blade width location might bear some fruit Something else try hope readers will see letter has added worth what previously offered way pooled knowledge can make investigation easier interesting part believe recent prop work has discovered basis what could super prop Formula racing least results drastic change have very surprising enlightening Should dear editor see fit per haps will able pass findings along near future Harold deBolt Buffalo NY Mr deBolts letter responds earlier letter Bill Gieskienghe has seen Bills letter months column dear editor waffling won ders f world ready Harolds lat est findings unloading figures unbelievablediference between onground in-flight rpm ed also terrjfied sharpie Pylon guys sailplane designers wodld feel better some positive Pylon guys would try some deBolts earlier article revelations about itshould carry RC Technique/Myers continued page 16 item really wise treat care lessl Having stated problem its time suggest some solutions 1 Park shade 2 Cover windows keep out sunlight problem Greenhouse Effect Sunlight passes through glass heat interior car heated interior tries radiate its excess heat back out window cant because radiant energy frequency associated 60 -3 d U 1-50 -J 0 0 0 40 0 FE low temperature interior car much lower frequency sunlight glass black lower frequencies So heat stays car collects raising temperature convenient way dispose open windows let hot air carry away 3 If cant above perhaps can take batteries build ing Keeping cool objective 4 Failing should least test batteries before first flight 102030 DISCHARGE TIME IN MINUTES AVG 500 ma LOAD 40 50 Fig 6 Shows results testing several battery packs under various environmental conditions Name Address ______________Cly.........Slalo......Zp after flight Several manufacturers now offering built-in battery testers part transmitter Fig 4 shows Kraft Signature transmitter being used test batteries Quickee 500 Fig 5 shows Bridi expanded-scale voltmeter performing same service Similar ESM available Royal Electronics Craft Air EKLogictrol others devices place load battery simulates load operating system can use operating system load use LED low-voltage detectors such Power-Cyt Flite Lite Corleys CVI discussed column length January April issues 1976 What ever use test dont guess test let load hang batteries least 30 seconds may find voltage drops quite rapidly danger zone Batteries recuperate little get chance rest flash reading may very well wrong Since correct information best defense might want run few bat tery discharge tests Now dont believe discharging battery way down time recommended some battery discharge/time tester manu facturers does use up some life battery think test purpose establishing baseline condition good idea test what have may find some thing like Fig 6 Surprise battery October1978 87 Designed 2 channel R/C tether control 15 35 engines Maintaining top quality simple conSTERLING MODELS 0 ST PHILA PA 19134 Co dealet anarlablo dIrect Orders accepted tO oddrtoAal atruction Balsa Plywood parts accurately cOarge trandling shIpping 500 orinormon 0 US Sr 25 diecut precision vacuum formed Plastic hull andootsrde US - - Catalog entIre roe Ct arrplane corrrtot roe model kIts 0 C ocare cabin Hardware package including A/C hardware Full and Trainer kIts Seat model kIts accessorres etc 500 errcinosed sized Plans plus Decals Sport model coast- Secrets Model AIrplane Surldrog IncludIng desIgn OOnstroctlOn cooerlng trotstring trying adlustinog coorroin systems etc 250 Guard versionO Secret ot Contol Line Catrine Flying Inclodtng ytotlrgttt soloIng stunting Cartter rote ants regolatrons Carrine ttereg trrnts cootot line tostallatino rostroctrOns 250 enclosed Noottecks Only U S money Orders currency accepted O-NEWCELL700F NEW CELL 7O0FAFTER 2 DAYS IN CAR USED CELL 1300F AFTER 2 DAYS IN CAR GRISH AIRCRAFT TYPE PROPELLERS Made hardwood fully carved true helical pitch airfoil ready sanding ALL SIZES IN18$700 6 8 & 10 PITCH20800 RIGHT HAND221000 ROTATION241300 3/8 BORE AT YOUR DEALER ALL GRISH PROPELLERS ARE ENGINEERED TO TRUE i-IELICAL PITCH AND AIRFOIL FOR EFFICIENCY 2 Blade Tractor 5-3each 5-45A-35A-4304 6-36-4354 7-47-67-8504 8-48-68-8654 9-49-69-7 9-810-410-6854 11-411-611-8$1 12-412-512-6$150 USE TO PROPEL AIR CREATE THRUST AND BE PROPELLED BY AIR 5/2-3 2 Blade Pusher 5A-4 6-36-4 354 8-6854 504 9-610-6 $1BLADE 3 BladeTractor 5-3 6-36-4 3 Blade Pusher 6-3504Metallic Aluminum Color Made polyester boll color7-67-8$1 8-68-8 $125 9-6 10-6 10-4 $150 Pusher 10-6$150 modelers using spark plug gap devices will provide approximation have searched through several catalogs tools equipment gauges find available drill ream screw sizes Perhaps old Brown & Sharpe gauge still being made perhaps another company under another name gauge type quite useful inexpensive will help identify odd bit wire have scrap box check what dealers have sent readers have name ad dress company makes wire gauge such old Brown & Sharpe have youd doing fellow model builders favor letting Editor Model viation know careful confuse wire gauge another Brown & Sharpe gauge have US Standard Gauge Sheet Plate Iron Steel numbers sizes slots same subject steel wire whatever happened old piano wire kind stuff lot springback held its shape shaped could formed would real good spring Seems wire today simply steel wire no spring it bends unwanted shape easily stays Fifteen Hours Weber continued page 21 pack YOU thought good two hours flying turns out good 30 minutes after age heat get through Please keep letters coming questions bothering other people too George M Myers 70 Froehlich Farm Road Hicksville NY 11801 Magic Letters/Shipp continued page 17 England specifies wire #l4swg another drawing says use wire 064 inch third stipulates 1/16th inch some futuristic wise guy says use 1588mm Now what gonna What rela tionship does have other Frantically reading through collection mail order catalogs ref erences favorite model airplane magazines advertising find dismay wire listed either fractions decimals inch melange does swg mm fit Well friend fret no problem solved accompanying table will find relief have ask 1/16th inch 064 inch size same #l4swg 1588mm identical sizes get plans other sizes can always figure out nearest size fit needs table Like yourself Ive going through dilemma years have using 75-year-old Brown & Sharpe wire gauge father machinist col lection old well-made well-kept tools inherited passed away 2-inch diameter gauge pro vides swg number side approximate decimal equivalents other leads wonder ever arrived sizes first place Did decimals come first did swg numbers what based origination wire sizes World Book Encyclopedia states size wire differs according its gauge dia meter American Brown & Sharpe standard gauge used United States gauge varies Number 000000 058 inch diameter Number 36 005 other United States standards Sometimes Imperial gauge England used France Germany use gauges based millimeter steel wire gauge standard gauge steel wire United States Oddly though draw ings England use swg numbers American drawings use common understandable us least fractions decimals inch As service fellow befuddled modelers took data Brown & Sharpe gauge being simple mind added other equivalents should provide information should ever need about wire sizes know some satisfactory either on-board lamps 12-volt spotlights ground ready both Now dark using three lamps plane three spotlights ground Hey gang much harder expected needed clearer head reflective tape Thinking about what plane doing difficult such limited visual cues long must go break record Two hours Can stand possibly tough est thing Id ever done Stress fatigue present night time test flights got out fourth spotlight saving needed light keep going night distractions Un identified flying creatures out Star Wars peeping over tops spotlights nearby NASA laser tracking station pulsed red green laser beams pass ing satellite much longer guys worst time flight yet come Shortly after 11 pm helicopter flew past no lights kind Illegal Soon saw distance turned huge spotlight several minutes searched two miles away Oh no coming way needed ten minutes new record could hardly see model monstrous light eyes came within 500 feet shined directly us tried keep back Go away might blow Shark down kept 88 Model Aviation PROPELLERS AT YOUR DEALER T DISCRETION OF THE PURCHASER G RUSH ST JOHN INDIANA 46373
Edition: Model Aviation - 1978/10
Page Numbers: 15, 16, 87, 88
Radio Technique. GeorgeMyers NOTICE RC Airmen Hot Weather Discharges Batteries store batteries trunk car park hot sun several hours before flying expect batteries discharged warn ing particularly directed working fel lows like like stop off field way home job order get some flying charge batteries overnight about 9 hours store planes car day long about 9 hours suffer consequences evening gets worse manage sneak couple flights lunch time forget recharge batteries night As point reference let say have driving Ford LTD station wagon tinted windows since 1967 During period Ive small ther mometer stuck instrument panel Air temperature Long Island sel dom exceeds 950F yet often see cabin temperatures 1350F park car sun leave windows open about 1 inch ventilation rain fore cast windows kept closed temperature goes higher Though havent measurements give hard data seems likely still higher temp eratures would seen South Southwest Fig 1 shows average nickel-cadmium battery loses charge function temperature Another point worth mentioning 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 I0 0 0 NEW NICKEL-CADMIUM BATTERIES 1600FAUTO IN tO 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 DAYS AT TEMPERATURE AFTER FULL CHARGE Fig 1 Percent rated capacity remaining 48 VDC battery after soaking elevated tempera tures Used pack may start 50% capacity watch iti Storage automobile almost guaran teed exceed manufacturers limits N IO0oF*700 F I0 100 000 NUMBER OF CHARGE/DISCHARGE CYCLES Fig 2 Percent rated charge accepted 48 VDC battery pack function number charge/ discharge cycles completed Operations above room temperature seriously reduce service life shown Fig 2 ability battery hold charge diminishes time battery recharged Manufacturers sug gest battery can considered ex pended can hold half its rated charge point can reached very quickly battery abused best way abuse battery discharge very fast let lie around discharged long time Other ways wear out battery include overcharging very high rates charge discharging very low voltage below 11 volts per cell time use performing charge/discharge/recharge cycle temp eratures well above room temperature such 1350F higher Now wouldnt things would Lets go little further temper ature business What color model Using darkroom thermometer dis covered Tims Sunfli 4-20 has black Monokote top chrome Mono kote bottom held radio com partment 500F above ambientwhen parked its wheels hot sun yet temp erature dropped lOT above ambi ent plane turned shiny side up Actually dont need thermo meter tell whats happening October1978 15 100 90 80 70 w 0 t6O U 5O I- 40 w 30 -j cr20 I0 0 fingers tell right away Just storing dark-colored model near window sun can shine day can bake batteries very quickly However its bad damage com pounded use Rapid Charger field considering battery wrapped up nice foam rubber insulating blanket holds heat long after exterior model has cooled down often have put fingers battery pack being charged As batteries age build up internal resistance Some can get quite hot particularly Rapid Charged Thats way know its time change Promise please find batteries getting old will replace delay cost much less plane theyre damage crash can cause Another place batteries abide transmitter years ago Pro-line adopted white color arguing kept equipment cool Well does Keeping equipment clean chore because white really shows dirt its cool What color transmitter hot does get left sun Heat accelerates aging components inside box example see Fig 3 capacitor 1972 Kraft transmitter has dried out cracked open likely culprit heat Lest think Ive overstated problem let point out instru ments control panel Lunar Module made Americas best manufacturers using best materials tools techniques failed simple thermal-cycling test varied temperature 00F 140F once 12 hours failures constant source disappointment struggled put man moon radio equipment being put severe test just riding around car truly wonderful modern techniques have produced such durable Continued page 87 16 Model Aviation Fig 3 White arrow points telltale marks reveal capacitor damage heat age Fig 4 Bob Aberles Kraft Signature transmitter contains both RF output meter battery test meter Special adapter may needed mate charging jack test valid manufactur ers 48 VDC nicad pack built-in test feature available several higher priced transmittershelpful make use Fig 5 Ron Farkas shows us S&O battery tester Junior Tale master Check batteries after flight because will recov er little between flights reading taken just before next flight may slightly higher though no charge has added battery can have control over battery problems previous data indicated 60 66% ideal NACA data would indicate some work blade width location might bear some fruit Something else try hope readers will see letter has added worth what previously offered way pooled knowledge can make investigation easier interesting part believe recent prop work has discovered basis what could super prop Formula racing least results drastic change have very surprising enlightening Should dear editor see fit per haps will able pass findings along near future Harold deBolt Buffalo NY Mr deBolts letter responds earlier letter Bill Gieskienghe has seen Bills letter months column dear editor waffling won ders f world ready Harolds lat est findings unloading figures unbelievablediference between onground in-flight rpm ed also terrjfied sharpie Pylon guys sailplane designers wodld feel better some positive Pylon guys would try some deBolts earlier article revelations about itshould carry RC Technique/Myers continued page 16 item really wise treat care lessl Having stated problem its time suggest some solutions 1 Park shade 2 Cover windows keep out sunlight problem Greenhouse Effect Sunlight passes through glass heat interior car heated interior tries radiate its excess heat back out window cant because radiant energy frequency associated 60 -3 d U 1-50 -J 0 0 0 40 0 FE low temperature interior car much lower frequency sunlight glass black lower frequencies So heat stays car collects raising temperature convenient way dispose open windows let hot air carry away 3 If cant above perhaps can take batteries build ing Keeping cool objective 4 Failing should least test batteries before first flight 102030 DISCHARGE TIME IN MINUTES AVG 500 ma LOAD 40 50 Fig 6 Shows results testing several battery packs under various environmental conditions Name Address ______________Cly.........Slalo......Zp after flight Several manufacturers now offering built-in battery testers part transmitter Fig 4 shows Kraft Signature transmitter being used test batteries Quickee 500 Fig 5 shows Bridi expanded-scale voltmeter performing same service Similar ESM available Royal Electronics Craft Air EKLogictrol others devices place load battery simulates load operating system can use operating system load use LED low-voltage detectors such Power-Cyt Flite Lite Corleys CVI discussed column length January April issues 1976 What ever use test dont guess test let load hang batteries least 30 seconds may find voltage drops quite rapidly danger zone Batteries recuperate little get chance rest flash reading may very well wrong Since correct information best defense might want run few bat tery discharge tests Now dont believe discharging battery way down time recommended some battery discharge/time tester manu facturers does use up some life battery think test purpose establishing baseline condition good idea test what have may find some thing like Fig 6 Surprise battery October1978 87 Designed 2 channel R/C tether control 15 35 engines Maintaining top quality simple conSTERLING MODELS 0 ST PHILA PA 19134 Co dealet anarlablo dIrect Orders accepted tO oddrtoAal atruction Balsa Plywood parts accurately cOarge trandling shIpping 500 orinormon 0 US Sr 25 diecut precision vacuum formed Plastic hull andootsrde US - - Catalog entIre roe Ct arrplane corrrtot roe model kIts 0 C ocare cabin Hardware package including A/C hardware Full and Trainer kIts Seat model kIts accessorres etc 500 errcinosed sized Plans plus Decals Sport model coast- Secrets Model AIrplane Surldrog IncludIng desIgn OOnstroctlOn cooerlng trotstring trying adlustinog coorroin systems etc 250 Guard versionO Secret ot Contol Line Catrine Flying Inclodtng ytotlrgttt soloIng stunting Cartter rote ants regolatrons Carrine ttereg trrnts cootot line tostallatino rostroctrOns 250 enclosed Noottecks Only U S money Orders currency accepted O-NEWCELL700F NEW CELL 7O0FAFTER 2 DAYS IN CAR USED CELL 1300F AFTER 2 DAYS IN CAR GRISH AIRCRAFT TYPE PROPELLERS Made hardwood fully carved true helical pitch airfoil ready sanding ALL SIZES IN18$700 6 8 & 10 PITCH20800 RIGHT HAND221000 ROTATION241300 3/8 BORE AT YOUR DEALER ALL GRISH PROPELLERS ARE ENGINEERED TO TRUE i-IELICAL PITCH AND AIRFOIL FOR EFFICIENCY 2 Blade Tractor 5-3each 5-45A-35A-4304 6-36-4354 7-47-67-8504 8-48-68-8654 9-49-69-7 9-810-410-6854 11-411-611-8$1 12-412-512-6$150 USE TO PROPEL AIR CREATE THRUST AND BE PROPELLED BY AIR 5/2-3 2 Blade Pusher 5A-4 6-36-4 354 8-6854 504 9-610-6 $1BLADE 3 BladeTractor 5-3 6-36-4 3 Blade Pusher 6-3504Metallic Aluminum Color Made polyester boll color7-67-8$1 8-68-8 $125 9-6 10-6 10-4 $150 Pusher 10-6$150 modelers using spark plug gap devices will provide approximation have searched through several catalogs tools equipment gauges find available drill ream screw sizes Perhaps old Brown & Sharpe gauge still being made perhaps another company under another name gauge type quite useful inexpensive will help identify odd bit wire have scrap box check what dealers have sent readers have name ad dress company makes wire gauge such old Brown & Sharpe have youd doing fellow model builders favor letting Editor Model viation know careful confuse wire gauge another Brown & Sharpe gauge have US Standard Gauge Sheet Plate Iron Steel numbers sizes slots same subject steel wire whatever happened old piano wire kind stuff lot springback held its shape shaped could formed would real good spring Seems wire today simply steel wire no spring it bends unwanted shape easily stays Fifteen Hours Weber continued page 21 pack YOU thought good two hours flying turns out good 30 minutes after age heat get through Please keep letters coming questions bothering other people too George M Myers 70 Froehlich Farm Road Hicksville NY 11801 Magic Letters/Shipp continued page 17 England specifies wire #l4swg another drawing says use wire 064 inch third stipulates 1/16th inch some futuristic wise guy says use 1588mm Now what gonna What rela tionship does have other Frantically reading through collection mail order catalogs ref erences favorite model airplane magazines advertising find dismay wire listed either fractions decimals inch melange does swg mm fit Well friend fret no problem solved accompanying table will find relief have ask 1/16th inch 064 inch size same #l4swg 1588mm identical sizes get plans other sizes can always figure out nearest size fit needs table Like yourself Ive going through dilemma years have using 75-year-old Brown & Sharpe wire gauge father machinist col lection old well-made well-kept tools inherited passed away 2-inch diameter gauge pro vides swg number side approximate decimal equivalents other leads wonder ever arrived sizes first place Did decimals come first did swg numbers what based origination wire sizes World Book Encyclopedia states size wire differs according its gauge dia meter American Brown & Sharpe standard gauge used United States gauge varies Number 000000 058 inch diameter Number 36 005 other United States standards Sometimes Imperial gauge England used France Germany use gauges based millimeter steel wire gauge standard gauge steel wire United States Oddly though draw ings England use swg numbers American drawings use common understandable us least fractions decimals inch As service fellow befuddled modelers took data Brown & Sharpe gauge being simple mind added other equivalents should provide information should ever need about wire sizes know some satisfactory either on-board lamps 12-volt spotlights ground ready both Now dark using three lamps plane three spotlights ground Hey gang much harder expected needed clearer head reflective tape Thinking about what plane doing difficult such limited visual cues long must go break record Two hours Can stand possibly tough est thing Id ever done Stress fatigue present night time test flights got out fourth spotlight saving needed light keep going night distractions Un identified flying creatures out Star Wars peeping over tops spotlights nearby NASA laser tracking station pulsed red green laser beams pass ing satellite much longer guys worst time flight yet come Shortly after 11 pm helicopter flew past no lights kind Illegal Soon saw distance turned huge spotlight several minutes searched two miles away Oh no coming way needed ten minutes new record could hardly see model monstrous light eyes came within 500 feet shined directly us tried keep back Go away might blow Shark down kept 88 Model Aviation PROPELLERS AT YOUR DEALER T DISCRETION OF THE PURCHASER G RUSH ST JOHN INDIANA 46373