RO TRAINERS designation trainer signed scads model airplanes author has discovered created equal some ways de termine right EJim Waterman SURPRISINGLY ENOUGH can find fliers involvement Radio Control model airplanes goes back 30 years yet seem unaware RC trainers fall three quite different types classes pri mary basic advanced Theres wide spread tendency overgeneralize about beginners airplanes trainer trainer attitude shows up just among general participants hobby industry RC media well Some take viewpoint ex treme Anything side Pattern ship has high wing trainer oversimplification about trainers has detrimental morale pocket books RC beginnersand has increased attrition rate within group just few beginners make ostensibly entry-level purchase recommended club flying site hobby shop through magazine advertisements reality above skill leveland wonder cant fly will behoove beginner aware existence three trainer classes determined skill levels required pilot also classes subdi vided high medium low range As doesnt complicate matters enough neophyte trainer performs further influenced its built set up modeler can take two identical sister ships through overpowering incorrect center-of-gravity CG incorrect control throws improper building aligaing make tame other quite wild such plethora levels choices variables its perhaps understandable RCers fall back trainer trainer attitude though over simplification has proven disastrous 56 Model Aviation Anyone says biplanes hard fly has never flown Proctors big Antic bipe model gentle Old-Timer takes considerable time patience build quick look wing saddle easiest way determine type airfoii used wing straight line saddle leaves no doubt model uses flat-bottom wing Jim says Prairie Bird 50 isnt quite large hed like primary trainer very easy fly due its light weight polyhedral wing high-lift airfoil modest power high percentage would-be fliers words warning arent intended scare off prospective RC beginner thoughts entering hobby contrary aim give infor mation tools youll need practically guarantee comparatively easy initiation RC flying provided youre willing patient careful model builder Its important recognize RC models fact real airplanes just toys can buy Saturday fly Sunday time spent workbench will compensated time saved learning flyin addition sparing disappointment financial loss wont greatly please arent too keen building its general rule thumb longer building time quicker soloing no aeronautical secrets thing am about tell has published various books magazines over good yearsand has con firmed practice Yet talk av erage flier dealer about desirable charac teristics trainer high-wing configu ration oaly can count mentioning First lets capsulize five musts essentials effective RC trainer airplane must have high-wing cabintype configuration shoulder-wing least must large car workbench can accommodate must light structurally feasible must have high-lift airfoil Finally must have dihe dral plus long tail moment distance wing tail surfaces Ualess plane possesses five characteris tics its going easy-flying pri mary basic trainer will touch sec ondary advantages later former school teacher know futility merely saying must should ac companying explanations High-wing configuration concentra tion weight below wing pendu lum effect gives high-wing designs add ed stability Stability means should able completely release transmitter controls expect model fly quite nicely its own Barring unexpected wind gusts assuming model has cor rectly built trimmed airplane can also expected right itself following turn Dihedral upward sweep incline wings center joint poly hedral will also improve stability Whether favor realistic horizon tally fiat wings esthetic appeal sta bility must beginnersand the better Large size Im well aware might inclined toward smaller mod els entry RC Youre naturally reluctant spend much money until see hobby takes strong hold think will understand its erroneous caution will probably doom new venture short life December 1988 57 Would rather lose $50 airplane day have $150 investment might last indefinitely Little airplanes usu ally flit around sky like nervous butter flies calling very sharp reactions eyesight part Large airplanes sedate docile forgiving will fly relatively slower respond gently control input Theyre also considerably easier see sky Youd surprised easy become disori ented especially failed color wing something bright like yellow An other bonus large models less authors Acro Star acrobatic biplane much too demanding beginners because its speed symmetrical airfoil small size lack dihedral less-than-favorable wing loading Advanced trainers such often incorporate shoulder-wing configurations along semi-symmetrical airfoils Theyre great windy conditions learning aerobatics beginner forced try learn fly aid instructor Old-Timer Free Flight models converted RC make great primary trainers Generous dihedral light weight ensures good flying Stick construction can tough beginner though likely behave unpredictably wind gusty large large enough about airplane 100-in wingspan Yes know youre quite ready trade economy car long-bed pickup van station wagon may have compromise can count having flight instructor 50-in wingspan ab solute minimum opinion dont have luxury teacher raise figure 70 depend ing five precepts under discussion included model Light weight doesnt take degree aeronautical engineering understand principle heavier airplanes must fly faster lighter ones order stay air borne automatically removes heavy airplanes ranks acceptable train ers doesnt necessarily expel ranks advanced trainers however cause extra weight might less hin drance student whos acquired some skills its latter group way advanced trainers intended notwithstanding observation some experienced RCers arent averse using teaching raw beginner want slow airplane first learning fly course Without theres good chance might never solo best training period would unreasonably protracted finding patient available instruc tors becoming harder year thanks large number beginners instead taking time glue together cobweb little sticks old-fashioned way showing up quick-building difficultto-fly trainers Finding time build light really just matter setting ones priorities Admittedly everyone gets kind plea sure building creating traveling friend can take building board motel rooms him suggests kinds possibilities simplest ways discern tween light heavy models compare engine requirements Everything else being equal lighter model will modestly powered heavier will obvi ously have greater power requirement Thatll give rough estimate precise determination youll need some calculations estimate wing load ing Ready pencil note pad copy following formula arriving models wing loadinga method will remove doubt Wing loading determined taking wing area inches span times chord dividing figure 144 get square feet weight model con verted pounds ounces 16 oz per lb Divide total ounces square footage get ounces per square foot ozIsq ft dont want have buy build model buy expensive set scales before knowing its weight wing area Often figures will shown kit box catalog advertisement minimum maximum weight shown choose higher figure beginners tend build models too heavy Once manufacturers will have al ready calculated wing loading will gladly display world see likely wing area prototypes weight will shown Get out handy pocket calculator take neither weight nor wing area shown will always other trainers consider Okay have found prospective trainer have calculated its wing load ing So now what figure doesnt mean anything does Thats because its comparative measurement group trainers youd have math airplane see lightest 58 Model Aviation Another modern Old-Timer Kadet Senorita look through covering shows what makes model light slow importance light wing loading cant stressed enough ne powered Glider compares favorably Old-Timer models comes ease flying both types limited oper ating calm very mild wind conditions tell-tale wing saddle model indicates has either semi-symmetrical sym metrical wing Using either wings qualifies advanced trainer category four general types airfoils likely encounter A-D descending order amount lift generate ascending order models flying speed wing loading Fortunately dont have Ive already performed hard work Evaluating popular available trainers has practically become avocation desire begin ner s advocate Although following fig ures arent found aeronautical text books Im familiar hence dont have stamp approval experts field outcome consid erable study RC trainers easeof-flying qualities Have note pad pencil ready again First wing loading figure youve calculated greater 20 ozIsq ft would best pass up particular mod el because will fly too fast begin ners ualess blessed unusually sharp reflexes wont have benefit instructor lower maximum fig ure 15 16 ozIsq ft want trainer grandma can fly drop down further under 12 13 oz/sq ft Youll have no trouble finding excellent trainers well under 12 ozIsq ft range also perfect preadolescent whos ready first flying les sons However other variables con sider maximum wing loading figures quoted above based popular 60in wingspanand presuppose youre using size larger model safer nudge figures upwards because small wings generate less lift per square inch large ones model youre considering has wingspan over 60 can allow somewhat generous wing loading other hand air plane designer happened have hot dog aerobatic predilections failed pro vide wing high-lift airfoil figures would have moved down wards leads us important considerations airfoil Airfoil high-lift airfoil enables air plane fly slowly stalling does its low-lift counterpart Any air plane will stall insufficient speed high-lift airfoil allows reduce speed lowest threshold possible es sential effective trainer first airplane dont want compromise dont want dual-purpose hybrid trainer aerobatic performer Any thoughts aerobatic potential should wait till youve mastered basics want everything possible working behalf suc cessful start RC else being equal high-lift airfoil will allow fly slowly also use smaller economical engine respect latter doesnt take much get ideal trainer airborne Under good conditions Glider can flown hours engine Shown accompanying drawing four basic types airfoils ranging high lift low Because building covering structural problems pre sents very few models take advantage Continued page 60 WASHINGTONS AMA BASE cup/e per night Free Parking Cars Free Full Breakfasts Free Metropass Sat Sun Free Harrington Hawk Cafeteria Sandwich Shop & Cafe Check day Minimum stay 2 nzghts ceicm#n-W $~I *AMA 11th & E Streets NW Washington DC 20004 7I1iY MEMBER RATE 1-800-424-8532 202-628-8140 Tax nor included NEWDrill Jig Motor Mounts 40 Ask ii hobby shop HAL PAYNE ENTERPRISES 1928 Gladwlck St Compton CA 90220 213 537 2958 Fits mount up fo 3 wide last have found reliable way drill & tap engine mounts Simply clamp moont firewall Insert pins drop engine down pinsSlide guides around denied ongine locOtion Dill holeS tfrouah hardened guides Moon goides aside top holes Supports ae wood avoid deflection dills tap breakage Heat teated steel guides ae included 4-45 8-32 holes Additional support block included fo perfect holes hand drill 29 Satisfaction money back order direct add $250 shipping charges DEALERS l Jigs now being distributed G4 SMIITh 535 W8UZZ87550 Sun Guhrnl Scud cadero CA 03422 086-1717 December 198859 US CoJl NatmalAr 0 Spur Muwun nurcru Gutnry otN uruucntrw Onon Occur uCmO U U Siuco 8975AVAILABLE AT AMERICAS8525 FINEST HOBBY SHOPS DISTRIBUTED BY Name Street Address City StateZip HOWW RNATIONAL INCO superior lift provided undercam bered airfoil Wright brothers ever would never have made history Flyer such airfoil essential underpowered en gine flat-bottomed airfoil easy build cover can also quite strong Since comes reasonably close being good second choice will found majority RC trainers well sport aircraft designed competi tion aerobatics maximum wind penetra tion Later RC career may wish advance aerobatics semisymmetrical symmetrical airfoils come element Neither type ac ceptable primary trainer semisym metrical airfoil will occasionally found lower-range basic trainer latter happens have lot other things going synunetrical airfoil stricfly advanced aircraft Advertisements rarely identify trainer class some specify airfoil used own Fortunately studying picture model will usually reveal necessary clues wing saddle has downward sweep curve airfoil obviously flat-bottomed high-lift lack itself has caused fledgling RCers downfall should airplane happen possess combined disadvantages both too much weight low-lift airfoil yes Im afraid such trainers exist its rare neophyte could learn solo Ex tremely adept student pilots have occasion ally proved exception usually under close prolonged instruction Primary basic advanced trainers five keys identifying easy-tofly trainerlarge size light weight high wing high-lift airfoil generous dihe dral polyhedral combined long tail momentfirmly mind beginner still needs guidance differentiating among three broad categories trainers Unfortu nately no definitive guidelines avail able arent really clear-cut lines demarcation among primary basic advanced types characteristics overlap class blurs next distinctions become ambiguous debat able instructors full-scale aircraft complete agreement regarding classification aeronautical charac teristics become quite close upperrange basic trainers might called primary trainers some lower-range pri mary trainers might called basic trainers others mans pussycat can another mans tiger useful distinction can give because incorporates five easy-flying features and/or greater degree does basic trainer primary trainer class lone eagle can hope solo instruc tors assistance Due combination factorssmaller size easy building fea tures semi-aerobatic characteristicsa basic trainer will substantially diffi cult fly RC student li censed full-scale pilot instructor man datory class trainer Generally advanced trainer can identified easily enough its low-lift airfoil can take symmetrical airfoil give huge wing generous dihedral light airframe literally force fit basic trainer category unlikely will stumble across such juxtapo sition However sometimes model would otherwise belong basic cate gory can slipped back primary camp adding few little niceties such wing tip washout turbulator spars lifting stab stabilizer airfoil shape rather just flat surface provided too much weight added sake quick-building design short find model incorporates five key factors have pri mary trainer exemplified larger powered Gliders larger Old-Timers Free Flight models converted Radio Con trol upper-range primary train ers means theyre consummately easy flybut definitely quick build Trainers minor compromises little versatility would midrange primary trainers Senior Telemaster Kadet Senior fit category bit compromise case size would mid- lower-range primary trainers exemplified Kadet Senior ita Telemaster 40 Just making un der wire lower-range primary would smaller Old-Timer types like Prairie Bird 50 powered Gliders such Ace High MK II sacrifice lightness expedite building process majority available trainers fall basic category principal cri teria identifying basic trainers have al ready outlined addition trainers category usually conventional balsa balsa-and-Lite-Ply models slab sided variety Generally tail sur faces solid rather built-up will sometimes show compromise both size weight Basic trainers have highlift airfoil however Usually extra weight basic trainer associated expediting building time some cases its intended make model crash resistant consider mis guided self-defeating reasoning Light weight models less likely crash also crash less velocity Inevitably Im going hearing readers wholl write say havent mentioned ARFs Let forestall objection have mentioned ARFs havent done explicitlyand good reason unitiated ARF stands almost ready fly However AREs ARFs pilot has already won solo wings basic trainer ARE models have place beginner must extra watchful regarding wing loading desirable AREs simply con ventionally built wood airplanes 60 Model Aviation ZMA RADIO SOUTH -Th AUTHORIZED SERVICE CENTER Call Sam Leonard Tony Stiliman custom work competition needs stock complete hobby line specializing competition accessoriesall discounted prices Radio South Batteries 500 ma Pack 48V1100 Futabaconn1350 800 ma Pack 48V1950 Futaba conn2275 1200 ma Pack 48V2100 Futaba conn2425 TX batt Futaba 6-Series PCM2450 0 Featuring fast service ~O ified people latest equipment including a___ SPECTRUMANALYZER Orders COD MC American Express OPEN 8-5 CST kPrices subject change notice m....... 43 West Nine Mile Rd Pensacola FL 32514 FREQUENCY CONVERSIONS AMA Frequency Cominmee Approved stock Futaba JR radios YS engines parts Hatori headers pipes Repair Heli Sets Gyros 904 478-6745 someone else has already done hard work may may pre covered Often theres little distinguish model built yourself Mass-produced plastic foam models will call closer scrutiny Im still looking far havent found falls within parameters primary trainer few though come very close qualify ing lower range basic trainers have high-lift airfoil word advice lone eagles going have manage structor Youre going need study up piloting before first flightwhether have chosen worlds easiest primary trainer Proper trimming key well-trimmed primary trainer will quite nicely fly itself land itself out manipulations Having experi enced pilot perform first-flight trimming will comfort have drive day find him Crooked models fly crookedly tolerances much smaller available fullscale builders course can choose test glide model instead trial error method used pioneer RCers Since lacked modern convenience trim levers transmitters simply aimed model some tall grass about 50 ft away engine off gave toss glide wasnt perfect could make necessary adjustments ground won t have go alone hope thought has crossed mind now Since will have structor available have have primary trainer However wouldnt crease chances success well de crease time before am turned loose solo avoid difficult ad vanced trainers also basic trainers Right Thats what recommend sake instructor time well own sake However primary trainer upper-range ultra-easy models possible things will little too easy case would prudent before advance ship dreams go next basic trainerany basic trainer course no ones pressur ing advance hobby youre perfectly happy first airplane thousands RCers return relaxing models after getting taste guided missiles want pro gress however intermediate stop over step gives all-important experi ence faster responsive de manding aircraft say will need service instruc tor again have watched transition made difficulty Theres no harm playing safe though wish Continued page 160 Easily filled sand shot up 5 pounds Five 4x6 bags per package * conforms curvatures Complete instructions Add $100 shipping k IrU L'A w& u.m III i Worlds Most Useful Sanding Blocks 05 55 s13/4R a3/s 05 106 290vs w/5/83/s & 9tV Cornho package #2 05 101GS 104105106 1/4 & 3/8 05102 05103 Add $200 Shipping 1/2 & 5/5 3/4 &iRoundsCS 200 PKG Comhopackage#1 9nn $200 Add $200 ShippingSquares ..GS 300 PKG Wt4ssu Six Pack Combo $20O 101-106 395*1/2Shipping $300 Shipping Single GS ........ 5595* Shipping long lasting q\j~v silicon carbide gritgAll blocks sides V#oinInu 10 Lone ne Covers Oust dirt among en gines worst enemies can greatly reduce life prized powerplantsl So complete modeling acces sories ordering set MODEL fOX yll protect engines save moneyl Order Yours Today Catalog NoSize 11011/JA thru 25 engines J10240 thro 60 engines 110360 thru 120 engines J104 ras&Up Add $100 shipping Price $200 $250 $300 $350 December1988 61 Heavy duty k weight bags Building Covering Easily secured model seconds Transporting Fuelproof stretch fabric conforms engine/ muffler shapes & Field Long life Velcro fasteners Attractive assorted colors Tie-Down WT i IS] t1 d 4 01 t W 5 xperience GREAT PERFORMANCE SPAN 76 EXTRA 230 WING AREA 900 sq ins ZLIN 526 SPAN 72 ins WING AREA 900 sq ins series Sport Scale Balsa ARF Air planes 140-4 cycle equivalent motors Happy Holidays Available direct select hobby shops gL ZIMPRO MARKETINO Ia PO BOX 3076 OAK RIDGE TN 37830 PHONE 615-4826188 CrMr GO-SINUSI HIlls1gm lflm 4 Anderson nnoea Power PrndectSIflt Only certded checks money orders occeated Minimoer Order $10 DJ three packages 4 Powerooles {5300 per package $1 ping handong CT residents add 70% sales tao Prices sobecr focharrge wirtroar norica DUALSA INQUIRISS INVITUD farther inforrnatioe dealer prices seed SASE Rosiness Card SERMOS RIC SNAP CONNECTORS Cedar Coxes & Box 16787 Stamfd CT 9h 203322-6294 L BUILDING 7ERVICE RAD#O CONTIOL PRODUCTS carry full line Byron Originals Bob Parkerson Tom Cook Bob Violet products COD Orders Accepted 718 983-9735 128 WATCHOGUE ROAD EN BLAND 8 NY 10314 DejaVu521 96th Lo. NE NapairBlame MN 55434 Doug Brueshabers designs yalties Dougs Widow Rinets313 848-8195 Latsha Al Special ME- 109 Polkerts312 339-9541 Malney Models Kenin Matney 11325 Harold Dr Luna Pier MI 48157 lies DeYoang 16627 Dobson Soatls Holland IL 60473 P-39/P-63Greg Doe 407 Pony Dr Smyrna TN 37167 NapairCalifornia Speed Pros L Larson 32221 Alipaz 515 San Juan Capistrano CA 92675 PolekiltyGail Jacobson 2205 Britely Terr College Park GA 30349 P-SIDaane Gall 1250 Asbaty P1 Lakeseood CG 80228 See next month Trainers/Waterman Continued page 61 RCers consider advanced trainers intermediate trainers view incorrect Flying basic ad vanced trainer constitutes intermediate phase After mastering basic trainer see no need whatsoever move up ad vanced trainer unless competition flying goal dream ship sport aircraft will no difficult fly ad vanced trainer watch wing load ing other parameters Ive de scribed have flown contest-caliber Scale aircraft just tractable some trainers although low-wing models fact once successfully used Sopwith Pup biplane trainerit day young man visited field expressed interest learning fly course particular biplane much easier fly aerobatic type secondary aeronautical advantages mentioned earlier have sparked degree controversysome RC pilots give importance others aux iliary considerations deserve fuller evalua tion space limits us just per functory review Should beginners use three channels steer rudder four channels ai leron steering Three-channel models easier build fly student has help building flying differences arent significant enough exclude four-channel option Lone eagles will have consult intuition concerning per sonal limitations adeptness question tricycle landing gear versus conventional tail-draggers again arent substantial differences between two 1 usually suggest trike gear paved field available tail-dragger option grass field third point de bate pros cons using upperrange engine versus intermediate lower-range decisions have made relatively minor importance Fo cus attention Big Five aeronauti cal factors make sure trainer corporates Youll assured pleasant discouragement-free start wonderful world RC model airplanes About author Jim Watennan au 615 439-6845thor Ease-of-Flying Ratings RIC Train ers guide based extensive testing 714 661-7430Nthe available trainers publication 714 542-3221Dthe reader will find reconunendations spe CIfiC trainers additional infonnation send pre-addressed stamped envelope 404 763-0361to Jim Waterman 3818 Deerfield Dr San Antonio 7X 78218 303 969-9527 CL Scale/Boss Continued page 62 Please note lathe Catalog No 9 HT 6655C catalog-order-only item catalog effectivity extends through January 31 1989 try order after time best check latest Sears catalog first last helpful hint suggestion can use 35mm cameras obtaining pictures needed color detail documentation Scale model presentations Sometimes need picture two complete models Scale presentations uncom mon someone go out buy book has required information proceed remove required photos data book thereby destroying Dennis suggests us own 35mm single-lens reflex cameraor know friend has camera roll color film can answer obtaining photos books magazines etc destroying sometimes can take pictures needed photos library books friends book magazine pages own library aviation documentation Dennis did specify particular camera 35mm cameras own market today allow get reasonably close subject stay focus Most also have built-in flash units elimi nate lighting problems might know someone has have yourself cam era has macro focusing feature al lows focus objects inches tween camera object being photo graphed macro feature allows better control over framing object within cameras viewfinder thus creating larger object negative better picture reproduction Dennis also suggested taking pic tures good idea try different exposure set tings helps have something picture will reproduce skin tones ie finger tips Having skin tones picture will allow judge color fidelity prints will also allow go back printer color adjustment might example too much red pictureand Dennis also noted preference color print re production Kodak processing Address correction August column men tioned Scale Model Research source photo three-view documentation provided old address correct address Scale Model Research 2334 Ticonderoga Way Co sta Mesa CA 92626 Please send ideas comments especially pho tos CL Scale activity address listed 160 Model Aviation
Edition: Model Aviation - 1988/12
Page Numbers: 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 160
RO TRAINERS designation trainer signed scads model airplanes author has discovered created equal some ways de termine right EJim Waterman SURPRISINGLY ENOUGH can find fliers involvement Radio Control model airplanes goes back 30 years yet seem unaware RC trainers fall three quite different types classes pri mary basic advanced Theres wide spread tendency overgeneralize about beginners airplanes trainer trainer attitude shows up just among general participants hobby industry RC media well Some take viewpoint ex treme Anything side Pattern ship has high wing trainer oversimplification about trainers has detrimental morale pocket books RC beginnersand has increased attrition rate within group just few beginners make ostensibly entry-level purchase recommended club flying site hobby shop through magazine advertisements reality above skill leveland wonder cant fly will behoove beginner aware existence three trainer classes determined skill levels required pilot also classes subdi vided high medium low range As doesnt complicate matters enough neophyte trainer performs further influenced its built set up modeler can take two identical sister ships through overpowering incorrect center-of-gravity CG incorrect control throws improper building aligaing make tame other quite wild such plethora levels choices variables its perhaps understandable RCers fall back trainer trainer attitude though over simplification has proven disastrous 56 Model Aviation Anyone says biplanes hard fly has never flown Proctors big Antic bipe model gentle Old-Timer takes considerable time patience build quick look wing saddle easiest way determine type airfoii used wing straight line saddle leaves no doubt model uses flat-bottom wing Jim says Prairie Bird 50 isnt quite large hed like primary trainer very easy fly due its light weight polyhedral wing high-lift airfoil modest power high percentage would-be fliers words warning arent intended scare off prospective RC beginner thoughts entering hobby contrary aim give infor mation tools youll need practically guarantee comparatively easy initiation RC flying provided youre willing patient careful model builder Its important recognize RC models fact real airplanes just toys can buy Saturday fly Sunday time spent workbench will compensated time saved learning flyin addition sparing disappointment financial loss wont greatly please arent too keen building its general rule thumb longer building time quicker soloing no aeronautical secrets thing am about tell has published various books magazines over good yearsand has con firmed practice Yet talk av erage flier dealer about desirable charac teristics trainer high-wing configu ration oaly can count mentioning First lets capsulize five musts essentials effective RC trainer airplane must have high-wing cabintype configuration shoulder-wing least must large car workbench can accommodate must light structurally feasible must have high-lift airfoil Finally must have dihe dral plus long tail moment distance wing tail surfaces Ualess plane possesses five characteris tics its going easy-flying pri mary basic trainer will touch sec ondary advantages later former school teacher know futility merely saying must should ac companying explanations High-wing configuration concentra tion weight below wing pendu lum effect gives high-wing designs add ed stability Stability means should able completely release transmitter controls expect model fly quite nicely its own Barring unexpected wind gusts assuming model has cor rectly built trimmed airplane can also expected right itself following turn Dihedral upward sweep incline wings center joint poly hedral will also improve stability Whether favor realistic horizon tally fiat wings esthetic appeal sta bility must beginnersand the better Large size Im well aware might inclined toward smaller mod els entry RC Youre naturally reluctant spend much money until see hobby takes strong hold think will understand its erroneous caution will probably doom new venture short life December 1988 57 Would rather lose $50 airplane day have $150 investment might last indefinitely Little airplanes usu ally flit around sky like nervous butter flies calling very sharp reactions eyesight part Large airplanes sedate docile forgiving will fly relatively slower respond gently control input Theyre also considerably easier see sky Youd surprised easy become disori ented especially failed color wing something bright like yellow An other bonus large models less authors Acro Star acrobatic biplane much too demanding beginners because its speed symmetrical airfoil small size lack dihedral less-than-favorable wing loading Advanced trainers such often incorporate shoulder-wing configurations along semi-symmetrical airfoils Theyre great windy conditions learning aerobatics beginner forced try learn fly aid instructor Old-Timer Free Flight models converted RC make great primary trainers Generous dihedral light weight ensures good flying Stick construction can tough beginner though likely behave unpredictably wind gusty large large enough about airplane 100-in wingspan Yes know youre quite ready trade economy car long-bed pickup van station wagon may have compromise can count having flight instructor 50-in wingspan ab solute minimum opinion dont have luxury teacher raise figure 70 depend ing five precepts under discussion included model Light weight doesnt take degree aeronautical engineering understand principle heavier airplanes must fly faster lighter ones order stay air borne automatically removes heavy airplanes ranks acceptable train ers doesnt necessarily expel ranks advanced trainers however cause extra weight might less hin drance student whos acquired some skills its latter group way advanced trainers intended notwithstanding observation some experienced RCers arent averse using teaching raw beginner want slow airplane first learning fly course Without theres good chance might never solo best training period would unreasonably protracted finding patient available instruc tors becoming harder year thanks large number beginners instead taking time glue together cobweb little sticks old-fashioned way showing up quick-building difficultto-fly trainers Finding time build light really just matter setting ones priorities Admittedly everyone gets kind plea sure building creating traveling friend can take building board motel rooms him suggests kinds possibilities simplest ways discern tween light heavy models compare engine requirements Everything else being equal lighter model will modestly powered heavier will obvi ously have greater power requirement Thatll give rough estimate precise determination youll need some calculations estimate wing load ing Ready pencil note pad copy following formula arriving models wing loadinga method will remove doubt Wing loading determined taking wing area inches span times chord dividing figure 144 get square feet weight model con verted pounds ounces 16 oz per lb Divide total ounces square footage get ounces per square foot ozIsq ft dont want have buy build model buy expensive set scales before knowing its weight wing area Often figures will shown kit box catalog advertisement minimum maximum weight shown choose higher figure beginners tend build models too heavy Once manufacturers will have al ready calculated wing loading will gladly display world see likely wing area prototypes weight will shown Get out handy pocket calculator take neither weight nor wing area shown will always other trainers consider Okay have found prospective trainer have calculated its wing load ing So now what figure doesnt mean anything does Thats because its comparative measurement group trainers youd have math airplane see lightest 58 Model Aviation Another modern Old-Timer Kadet Senorita look through covering shows what makes model light slow importance light wing loading cant stressed enough ne powered Glider compares favorably Old-Timer models comes ease flying both types limited oper ating calm very mild wind conditions tell-tale wing saddle model indicates has either semi-symmetrical sym metrical wing Using either wings qualifies advanced trainer category four general types airfoils likely encounter A-D descending order amount lift generate ascending order models flying speed wing loading Fortunately dont have Ive already performed hard work Evaluating popular available trainers has practically become avocation desire begin ner s advocate Although following fig ures arent found aeronautical text books Im familiar hence dont have stamp approval experts field outcome consid erable study RC trainers easeof-flying qualities Have note pad pencil ready again First wing loading figure youve calculated greater 20 ozIsq ft would best pass up particular mod el because will fly too fast begin ners ualess blessed unusually sharp reflexes wont have benefit instructor lower maximum fig ure 15 16 ozIsq ft want trainer grandma can fly drop down further under 12 13 oz/sq ft Youll have no trouble finding excellent trainers well under 12 ozIsq ft range also perfect preadolescent whos ready first flying les sons However other variables con sider maximum wing loading figures quoted above based popular 60in wingspanand presuppose youre using size larger model safer nudge figures upwards because small wings generate less lift per square inch large ones model youre considering has wingspan over 60 can allow somewhat generous wing loading other hand air plane designer happened have hot dog aerobatic predilections failed pro vide wing high-lift airfoil figures would have moved down wards leads us important considerations airfoil Airfoil high-lift airfoil enables air plane fly slowly stalling does its low-lift counterpart Any air plane will stall insufficient speed high-lift airfoil allows reduce speed lowest threshold possible es sential effective trainer first airplane dont want compromise dont want dual-purpose hybrid trainer aerobatic performer Any thoughts aerobatic potential should wait till youve mastered basics want everything possible working behalf suc cessful start RC else being equal high-lift airfoil will allow fly slowly also use smaller economical engine respect latter doesnt take much get ideal trainer airborne Under good conditions Glider can flown hours engine Shown accompanying drawing four basic types airfoils ranging high lift low Because building covering structural problems pre sents very few models take advantage Continued page 60 WASHINGTONS AMA BASE cup/e per night Free Parking Cars Free Full Breakfasts Free Metropass Sat Sun Free Harrington Hawk Cafeteria Sandwich Shop & Cafe Check day Minimum stay 2 nzghts ceicm#n-W $~I *AMA 11th & E Streets NW Washington DC 20004 7I1iY MEMBER RATE 1-800-424-8532 202-628-8140 Tax nor included NEWDrill Jig Motor Mounts 40 Ask ii hobby shop HAL PAYNE ENTERPRISES 1928 Gladwlck St Compton CA 90220 213 537 2958 Fits mount up fo 3 wide last have found reliable way drill & tap engine mounts Simply clamp moont firewall Insert pins drop engine down pinsSlide guides around denied ongine locOtion Dill holeS tfrouah hardened guides Moon goides aside top holes Supports ae wood avoid deflection dills tap breakage Heat teated steel guides ae included 4-45 8-32 holes Additional support block included fo perfect holes hand drill 29 Satisfaction money back order direct add $250 shipping charges DEALERS l Jigs now being distributed G4 SMIITh 535 W8UZZ87550 Sun Guhrnl Scud cadero CA 03422 086-1717 December 198859 US CoJl NatmalAr 0 Spur Muwun nurcru Gutnry otN uruucntrw Onon Occur uCmO U U Siuco 8975AVAILABLE AT AMERICAS8525 FINEST HOBBY SHOPS DISTRIBUTED BY Name Street Address City StateZip HOWW RNATIONAL INCO superior lift provided undercam bered airfoil Wright brothers ever would never have made history Flyer such airfoil essential underpowered en gine flat-bottomed airfoil easy build cover can also quite strong Since comes reasonably close being good second choice will found majority RC trainers well sport aircraft designed competi tion aerobatics maximum wind penetra tion Later RC career may wish advance aerobatics semisymmetrical symmetrical airfoils come element Neither type ac ceptable primary trainer semisym metrical airfoil will occasionally found lower-range basic trainer latter happens have lot other things going synunetrical airfoil stricfly advanced aircraft Advertisements rarely identify trainer class some specify airfoil used own Fortunately studying picture model will usually reveal necessary clues wing saddle has downward sweep curve airfoil obviously flat-bottomed high-lift lack itself has caused fledgling RCers downfall should airplane happen possess combined disadvantages both too much weight low-lift airfoil yes Im afraid such trainers exist its rare neophyte could learn solo Ex tremely adept student pilots have occasion ally proved exception usually under close prolonged instruction Primary basic advanced trainers five keys identifying easy-tofly trainerlarge size light weight high wing high-lift airfoil generous dihe dral polyhedral combined long tail momentfirmly mind beginner still needs guidance differentiating among three broad categories trainers Unfortu nately no definitive guidelines avail able arent really clear-cut lines demarcation among primary basic advanced types characteristics overlap class blurs next distinctions become ambiguous debat able instructors full-scale aircraft complete agreement regarding classification aeronautical charac teristics become quite close upperrange basic trainers might called primary trainers some lower-range pri mary trainers might called basic trainers others mans pussycat can another mans tiger useful distinction can give because incorporates five easy-flying features and/or greater degree does basic trainer primary trainer class lone eagle can hope solo instruc tors assistance Due combination factorssmaller size easy building fea tures semi-aerobatic characteristicsa basic trainer will substantially diffi cult fly RC student li censed full-scale pilot instructor man datory class trainer Generally advanced trainer can identified easily enough its low-lift airfoil can take symmetrical airfoil give huge wing generous dihedral light airframe literally force fit basic trainer category unlikely will stumble across such juxtapo sition However sometimes model would otherwise belong basic cate gory can slipped back primary camp adding few little niceties such wing tip washout turbulator spars lifting stab stabilizer airfoil shape rather just flat surface provided too much weight added sake quick-building design short find model incorporates five key factors have pri mary trainer exemplified larger powered Gliders larger Old-Timers Free Flight models converted Radio Con trol upper-range primary train ers means theyre consummately easy flybut definitely quick build Trainers minor compromises little versatility would midrange primary trainers Senior Telemaster Kadet Senior fit category bit compromise case size would mid- lower-range primary trainers exemplified Kadet Senior ita Telemaster 40 Just making un der wire lower-range primary would smaller Old-Timer types like Prairie Bird 50 powered Gliders such Ace High MK II sacrifice lightness expedite building process majority available trainers fall basic category principal cri teria identifying basic trainers have al ready outlined addition trainers category usually conventional balsa balsa-and-Lite-Ply models slab sided variety Generally tail sur faces solid rather built-up will sometimes show compromise both size weight Basic trainers have highlift airfoil however Usually extra weight basic trainer associated expediting building time some cases its intended make model crash resistant consider mis guided self-defeating reasoning Light weight models less likely crash also crash less velocity Inevitably Im going hearing readers wholl write say havent mentioned ARFs Let forestall objection have mentioned ARFs havent done explicitlyand good reason unitiated ARF stands almost ready fly However AREs ARFs pilot has already won solo wings basic trainer ARE models have place beginner must extra watchful regarding wing loading desirable AREs simply con ventionally built wood airplanes 60 Model Aviation ZMA RADIO SOUTH -Th AUTHORIZED SERVICE CENTER Call Sam Leonard Tony Stiliman custom work competition needs stock complete hobby line specializing competition accessoriesall discounted prices Radio South Batteries 500 ma Pack 48V1100 Futabaconn1350 800 ma Pack 48V1950 Futaba conn2275 1200 ma Pack 48V2100 Futaba conn2425 TX batt Futaba 6-Series PCM2450 0 Featuring fast service ~O ified people latest equipment including a___ SPECTRUMANALYZER Orders COD MC American Express OPEN 8-5 CST kPrices subject change notice m....... 43 West Nine Mile Rd Pensacola FL 32514 FREQUENCY CONVERSIONS AMA Frequency Cominmee Approved stock Futaba JR radios YS engines parts Hatori headers pipes Repair Heli Sets Gyros 904 478-6745 someone else has already done hard work may may pre covered Often theres little distinguish model built yourself Mass-produced plastic foam models will call closer scrutiny Im still looking far havent found falls within parameters primary trainer few though come very close qualify ing lower range basic trainers have high-lift airfoil word advice lone eagles going have manage structor Youre going need study up piloting before first flightwhether have chosen worlds easiest primary trainer Proper trimming key well-trimmed primary trainer will quite nicely fly itself land itself out manipulations Having experi enced pilot perform first-flight trimming will comfort have drive day find him Crooked models fly crookedly tolerances much smaller available fullscale builders course can choose test glide model instead trial error method used pioneer RCers Since lacked modern convenience trim levers transmitters simply aimed model some tall grass about 50 ft away engine off gave toss glide wasnt perfect could make necessary adjustments ground won t have go alone hope thought has crossed mind now Since will have structor available have have primary trainer However wouldnt crease chances success well de crease time before am turned loose solo avoid difficult ad vanced trainers also basic trainers Right Thats what recommend sake instructor time well own sake However primary trainer upper-range ultra-easy models possible things will little too easy case would prudent before advance ship dreams go next basic trainerany basic trainer course no ones pressur ing advance hobby youre perfectly happy first airplane thousands RCers return relaxing models after getting taste guided missiles want pro gress however intermediate stop over step gives all-important experi ence faster responsive de manding aircraft say will need service instruc tor again have watched transition made difficulty Theres no harm playing safe though wish Continued page 160 Easily filled sand shot up 5 pounds Five 4x6 bags per package * conforms curvatures Complete instructions Add $100 shipping k IrU L'A w& u.m III i Worlds Most Useful Sanding Blocks 05 55 s13/4R a3/s 05 106 290vs w/5/83/s & 9tV Cornho package #2 05 101GS 104105106 1/4 & 3/8 05102 05103 Add $200 Shipping 1/2 & 5/5 3/4 &iRoundsCS 200 PKG Comhopackage#1 9nn $200 Add $200 ShippingSquares ..GS 300 PKG Wt4ssu Six Pack Combo $20O 101-106 395*1/2Shipping $300 Shipping Single GS ........ 5595* Shipping long lasting q\j~v silicon carbide gritgAll blocks sides V#oinInu 10 Lone ne Covers Oust dirt among en gines worst enemies can greatly reduce life prized powerplantsl So complete modeling acces sories ordering set MODEL fOX yll protect engines save moneyl Order Yours Today Catalog NoSize 11011/JA thru 25 engines J10240 thro 60 engines 110360 thru 120 engines J104 ras&Up Add $100 shipping Price $200 $250 $300 $350 December1988 61 Heavy duty k weight bags Building Covering Easily secured model seconds Transporting Fuelproof stretch fabric conforms engine/ muffler shapes & Field Long life Velcro fasteners Attractive assorted colors Tie-Down WT i IS] t1 d 4 01 t W 5 xperience GREAT PERFORMANCE SPAN 76 EXTRA 230 WING AREA 900 sq ins ZLIN 526 SPAN 72 ins WING AREA 900 sq ins series Sport Scale Balsa ARF Air planes 140-4 cycle equivalent motors Happy Holidays Available direct select hobby shops gL ZIMPRO MARKETINO Ia PO BOX 3076 OAK RIDGE TN 37830 PHONE 615-4826188 CrMr GO-SINUSI HIlls1gm lflm 4 Anderson nnoea Power PrndectSIflt Only certded checks money orders occeated Minimoer Order $10 DJ three packages 4 Powerooles {5300 per package $1 ping handong CT residents add 70% sales tao Prices sobecr focharrge wirtroar norica DUALSA INQUIRISS INVITUD farther inforrnatioe dealer prices seed SASE Rosiness Card SERMOS RIC SNAP CONNECTORS Cedar Coxes & Box 16787 Stamfd CT 9h 203322-6294 L BUILDING 7ERVICE RAD#O CONTIOL PRODUCTS carry full line Byron Originals Bob Parkerson Tom Cook Bob Violet products COD Orders Accepted 718 983-9735 128 WATCHOGUE ROAD EN BLAND 8 NY 10314 DejaVu521 96th Lo. NE NapairBlame MN 55434 Doug Brueshabers designs yalties Dougs Widow Rinets313 848-8195 Latsha Al Special ME- 109 Polkerts312 339-9541 Malney Models Kenin Matney 11325 Harold Dr Luna Pier MI 48157 lies DeYoang 16627 Dobson Soatls Holland IL 60473 P-39/P-63Greg Doe 407 Pony Dr Smyrna TN 37167 NapairCalifornia Speed Pros L Larson 32221 Alipaz 515 San Juan Capistrano CA 92675 PolekiltyGail Jacobson 2205 Britely Terr College Park GA 30349 P-SIDaane Gall 1250 Asbaty P1 Lakeseood CG 80228 See next month Trainers/Waterman Continued page 61 RCers consider advanced trainers intermediate trainers view incorrect Flying basic ad vanced trainer constitutes intermediate phase After mastering basic trainer see no need whatsoever move up ad vanced trainer unless competition flying goal dream ship sport aircraft will no difficult fly ad vanced trainer watch wing load ing other parameters Ive de scribed have flown contest-caliber Scale aircraft just tractable some trainers although low-wing models fact once successfully used Sopwith Pup biplane trainerit day young man visited field expressed interest learning fly course particular biplane much easier fly aerobatic type secondary aeronautical advantages mentioned earlier have sparked degree controversysome RC pilots give importance others aux iliary considerations deserve fuller evalua tion space limits us just per functory review Should beginners use three channels steer rudder four channels ai leron steering Three-channel models easier build fly student has help building flying differences arent significant enough exclude four-channel option Lone eagles will have consult intuition concerning per sonal limitations adeptness question tricycle landing gear versus conventional tail-draggers again arent substantial differences between two 1 usually suggest trike gear paved field available tail-dragger option grass field third point de bate pros cons using upperrange engine versus intermediate lower-range decisions have made relatively minor importance Fo cus attention Big Five aeronauti cal factors make sure trainer corporates Youll assured pleasant discouragement-free start wonderful world RC model airplanes About author Jim Watennan au 615 439-6845thor Ease-of-Flying Ratings RIC Train ers guide based extensive testing 714 661-7430Nthe available trainers publication 714 542-3221Dthe reader will find reconunendations spe CIfiC trainers additional infonnation send pre-addressed stamped envelope 404 763-0361to Jim Waterman 3818 Deerfield Dr San Antonio 7X 78218 303 969-9527 CL Scale/Boss Continued page 62 Please note lathe Catalog No 9 HT 6655C catalog-order-only item catalog effectivity extends through January 31 1989 try order after time best check latest Sears catalog first last helpful hint suggestion can use 35mm cameras obtaining pictures needed color detail documentation Scale model presentations Sometimes need picture two complete models Scale presentations uncom mon someone go out buy book has required information proceed remove required photos data book thereby destroying Dennis suggests us own 35mm single-lens reflex cameraor know friend has camera roll color film can answer obtaining photos books magazines etc destroying sometimes can take pictures needed photos library books friends book magazine pages own library aviation documentation Dennis did specify particular camera 35mm cameras own market today allow get reasonably close subject stay focus Most also have built-in flash units elimi nate lighting problems might know someone has have yourself cam era has macro focusing feature al lows focus objects inches tween camera object being photo graphed macro feature allows better control over framing object within cameras viewfinder thus creating larger object negative better picture reproduction Dennis also suggested taking pic tures good idea try different exposure set tings helps have something picture will reproduce skin tones ie finger tips Having skin tones picture will allow judge color fidelity prints will also allow go back printer color adjustment might example too much red pictureand Dennis also noted preference color print re production Kodak processing Address correction August column men tioned Scale Model Research source photo three-view documentation provided old address correct address Scale Model Research 2334 Ticonderoga Way Co sta Mesa CA 92626 Please send ideas comments especially pho tos CL Scale activity address listed 160 Model Aviation
Edition: Model Aviation - 1988/12
Page Numbers: 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 160
RO TRAINERS designation trainer signed scads model airplanes author has discovered created equal some ways de termine right EJim Waterman SURPRISINGLY ENOUGH can find fliers involvement Radio Control model airplanes goes back 30 years yet seem unaware RC trainers fall three quite different types classes pri mary basic advanced Theres wide spread tendency overgeneralize about beginners airplanes trainer trainer attitude shows up just among general participants hobby industry RC media well Some take viewpoint ex treme Anything side Pattern ship has high wing trainer oversimplification about trainers has detrimental morale pocket books RC beginnersand has increased attrition rate within group just few beginners make ostensibly entry-level purchase recommended club flying site hobby shop through magazine advertisements reality above skill leveland wonder cant fly will behoove beginner aware existence three trainer classes determined skill levels required pilot also classes subdi vided high medium low range As doesnt complicate matters enough neophyte trainer performs further influenced its built set up modeler can take two identical sister ships through overpowering incorrect center-of-gravity CG incorrect control throws improper building aligaing make tame other quite wild such plethora levels choices variables its perhaps understandable RCers fall back trainer trainer attitude though over simplification has proven disastrous 56 Model Aviation Anyone says biplanes hard fly has never flown Proctors big Antic bipe model gentle Old-Timer takes considerable time patience build quick look wing saddle easiest way determine type airfoii used wing straight line saddle leaves no doubt model uses flat-bottom wing Jim says Prairie Bird 50 isnt quite large hed like primary trainer very easy fly due its light weight polyhedral wing high-lift airfoil modest power high percentage would-be fliers words warning arent intended scare off prospective RC beginner thoughts entering hobby contrary aim give infor mation tools youll need practically guarantee comparatively easy initiation RC flying provided youre willing patient careful model builder Its important recognize RC models fact real airplanes just toys can buy Saturday fly Sunday time spent workbench will compensated time saved learning flyin addition sparing disappointment financial loss wont greatly please arent too keen building its general rule thumb longer building time quicker soloing no aeronautical secrets thing am about tell has published various books magazines over good yearsand has con firmed practice Yet talk av erage flier dealer about desirable charac teristics trainer high-wing configu ration oaly can count mentioning First lets capsulize five musts essentials effective RC trainer airplane must have high-wing cabintype configuration shoulder-wing least must large car workbench can accommodate must light structurally feasible must have high-lift airfoil Finally must have dihe dral plus long tail moment distance wing tail surfaces Ualess plane possesses five characteris tics its going easy-flying pri mary basic trainer will touch sec ondary advantages later former school teacher know futility merely saying must should ac companying explanations High-wing configuration concentra tion weight below wing pendu lum effect gives high-wing designs add ed stability Stability means should able completely release transmitter controls expect model fly quite nicely its own Barring unexpected wind gusts assuming model has cor rectly built trimmed airplane can also expected right itself following turn Dihedral upward sweep incline wings center joint poly hedral will also improve stability Whether favor realistic horizon tally fiat wings esthetic appeal sta bility must beginnersand the better Large size Im well aware might inclined toward smaller mod els entry RC Youre naturally reluctant spend much money until see hobby takes strong hold think will understand its erroneous caution will probably doom new venture short life December 1988 57 Would rather lose $50 airplane day have $150 investment might last indefinitely Little airplanes usu ally flit around sky like nervous butter flies calling very sharp reactions eyesight part Large airplanes sedate docile forgiving will fly relatively slower respond gently control input Theyre also considerably easier see sky Youd surprised easy become disori ented especially failed color wing something bright like yellow An other bonus large models less authors Acro Star acrobatic biplane much too demanding beginners because its speed symmetrical airfoil small size lack dihedral less-than-favorable wing loading Advanced trainers such often incorporate shoulder-wing configurations along semi-symmetrical airfoils Theyre great windy conditions learning aerobatics beginner forced try learn fly aid instructor Old-Timer Free Flight models converted RC make great primary trainers Generous dihedral light weight ensures good flying Stick construction can tough beginner though likely behave unpredictably wind gusty large large enough about airplane 100-in wingspan Yes know youre quite ready trade economy car long-bed pickup van station wagon may have compromise can count having flight instructor 50-in wingspan ab solute minimum opinion dont have luxury teacher raise figure 70 depend ing five precepts under discussion included model Light weight doesnt take degree aeronautical engineering understand principle heavier airplanes must fly faster lighter ones order stay air borne automatically removes heavy airplanes ranks acceptable train ers doesnt necessarily expel ranks advanced trainers however cause extra weight might less hin drance student whos acquired some skills its latter group way advanced trainers intended notwithstanding observation some experienced RCers arent averse using teaching raw beginner want slow airplane first learning fly course Without theres good chance might never solo best training period would unreasonably protracted finding patient available instruc tors becoming harder year thanks large number beginners instead taking time glue together cobweb little sticks old-fashioned way showing up quick-building difficultto-fly trainers Finding time build light really just matter setting ones priorities Admittedly everyone gets kind plea sure building creating traveling friend can take building board motel rooms him suggests kinds possibilities simplest ways discern tween light heavy models compare engine requirements Everything else being equal lighter model will modestly powered heavier will obvi ously have greater power requirement Thatll give rough estimate precise determination youll need some calculations estimate wing load ing Ready pencil note pad copy following formula arriving models wing loadinga method will remove doubt Wing loading determined taking wing area inches span times chord dividing figure 144 get square feet weight model con verted pounds ounces 16 oz per lb Divide total ounces square footage get ounces per square foot ozIsq ft dont want have buy build model buy expensive set scales before knowing its weight wing area Often figures will shown kit box catalog advertisement minimum maximum weight shown choose higher figure beginners tend build models too heavy Once manufacturers will have al ready calculated wing loading will gladly display world see likely wing area prototypes weight will shown Get out handy pocket calculator take neither weight nor wing area shown will always other trainers consider Okay have found prospective trainer have calculated its wing load ing So now what figure doesnt mean anything does Thats because its comparative measurement group trainers youd have math airplane see lightest 58 Model Aviation Another modern Old-Timer Kadet Senorita look through covering shows what makes model light slow importance light wing loading cant stressed enough ne powered Glider compares favorably Old-Timer models comes ease flying both types limited oper ating calm very mild wind conditions tell-tale wing saddle model indicates has either semi-symmetrical sym metrical wing Using either wings qualifies advanced trainer category four general types airfoils likely encounter A-D descending order amount lift generate ascending order models flying speed wing loading Fortunately dont have Ive already performed hard work Evaluating popular available trainers has practically become avocation desire begin ner s advocate Although following fig ures arent found aeronautical text books Im familiar hence dont have stamp approval experts field outcome consid erable study RC trainers easeof-flying qualities Have note pad pencil ready again First wing loading figure youve calculated greater 20 ozIsq ft would best pass up particular mod el because will fly too fast begin ners ualess blessed unusually sharp reflexes wont have benefit instructor lower maximum fig ure 15 16 ozIsq ft want trainer grandma can fly drop down further under 12 13 oz/sq ft Youll have no trouble finding excellent trainers well under 12 ozIsq ft range also perfect preadolescent whos ready first flying les sons However other variables con sider maximum wing loading figures quoted above based popular 60in wingspanand presuppose youre using size larger model safer nudge figures upwards because small wings generate less lift per square inch large ones model youre considering has wingspan over 60 can allow somewhat generous wing loading other hand air plane designer happened have hot dog aerobatic predilections failed pro vide wing high-lift airfoil figures would have moved down wards leads us important considerations airfoil Airfoil high-lift airfoil enables air plane fly slowly stalling does its low-lift counterpart Any air plane will stall insufficient speed high-lift airfoil allows reduce speed lowest threshold possible es sential effective trainer first airplane dont want compromise dont want dual-purpose hybrid trainer aerobatic performer Any thoughts aerobatic potential should wait till youve mastered basics want everything possible working behalf suc cessful start RC else being equal high-lift airfoil will allow fly slowly also use smaller economical engine respect latter doesnt take much get ideal trainer airborne Under good conditions Glider can flown hours engine Shown accompanying drawing four basic types airfoils ranging high lift low Because building covering structural problems pre sents very few models take advantage Continued page 60 WASHINGTONS AMA BASE cup/e per night Free Parking Cars Free Full Breakfasts Free Metropass Sat Sun Free Harrington Hawk Cafeteria Sandwich Shop & Cafe Check day Minimum stay 2 nzghts ceicm#n-W $~I *AMA 11th & E Streets NW Washington DC 20004 7I1iY MEMBER RATE 1-800-424-8532 202-628-8140 Tax nor included NEWDrill Jig Motor Mounts 40 Ask ii hobby shop HAL PAYNE ENTERPRISES 1928 Gladwlck St Compton CA 90220 213 537 2958 Fits mount up fo 3 wide last have found reliable way drill & tap engine mounts Simply clamp moont firewall Insert pins drop engine down pinsSlide guides around denied ongine locOtion Dill holeS tfrouah hardened guides Moon goides aside top holes Supports ae wood avoid deflection dills tap breakage Heat teated steel guides ae included 4-45 8-32 holes Additional support block included fo perfect holes hand drill 29 Satisfaction money back order direct add $250 shipping charges DEALERS l Jigs now being distributed G4 SMIITh 535 W8UZZ87550 Sun Guhrnl Scud cadero CA 03422 086-1717 December 198859 US CoJl NatmalAr 0 Spur Muwun nurcru Gutnry otN uruucntrw Onon Occur uCmO U U Siuco 8975AVAILABLE AT AMERICAS8525 FINEST HOBBY SHOPS DISTRIBUTED BY Name Street Address City StateZip HOWW RNATIONAL INCO superior lift provided undercam bered airfoil Wright brothers ever would never have made history Flyer such airfoil essential underpowered en gine flat-bottomed airfoil easy build cover can also quite strong Since comes reasonably close being good second choice will found majority RC trainers well sport aircraft designed competi tion aerobatics maximum wind penetra tion Later RC career may wish advance aerobatics semisymmetrical symmetrical airfoils come element Neither type ac ceptable primary trainer semisym metrical airfoil will occasionally found lower-range basic trainer latter happens have lot other things going synunetrical airfoil stricfly advanced aircraft Advertisements rarely identify trainer class some specify airfoil used own Fortunately studying picture model will usually reveal necessary clues wing saddle has downward sweep curve airfoil obviously flat-bottomed high-lift lack itself has caused fledgling RCers downfall should airplane happen possess combined disadvantages both too much weight low-lift airfoil yes Im afraid such trainers exist its rare neophyte could learn solo Ex tremely adept student pilots have occasion ally proved exception usually under close prolonged instruction Primary basic advanced trainers five keys identifying easy-tofly trainerlarge size light weight high wing high-lift airfoil generous dihe dral polyhedral combined long tail momentfirmly mind beginner still needs guidance differentiating among three broad categories trainers Unfortu nately no definitive guidelines avail able arent really clear-cut lines demarcation among primary basic advanced types characteristics overlap class blurs next distinctions become ambiguous debat able instructors full-scale aircraft complete agreement regarding classification aeronautical charac teristics become quite close upperrange basic trainers might called primary trainers some lower-range pri mary trainers might called basic trainers others mans pussycat can another mans tiger useful distinction can give because incorporates five easy-flying features and/or greater degree does basic trainer primary trainer class lone eagle can hope solo instruc tors assistance Due combination factorssmaller size easy building fea tures semi-aerobatic characteristicsa basic trainer will substantially diffi cult fly RC student li censed full-scale pilot instructor man datory class trainer Generally advanced trainer can identified easily enough its low-lift airfoil can take symmetrical airfoil give huge wing generous dihedral light airframe literally force fit basic trainer category unlikely will stumble across such juxtapo sition However sometimes model would otherwise belong basic cate gory can slipped back primary camp adding few little niceties such wing tip washout turbulator spars lifting stab stabilizer airfoil shape rather just flat surface provided too much weight added sake quick-building design short find model incorporates five key factors have pri mary trainer exemplified larger powered Gliders larger Old-Timers Free Flight models converted Radio Con trol upper-range primary train ers means theyre consummately easy flybut definitely quick build Trainers minor compromises little versatility would midrange primary trainers Senior Telemaster Kadet Senior fit category bit compromise case size would mid- lower-range primary trainers exemplified Kadet Senior ita Telemaster 40 Just making un der wire lower-range primary would smaller Old-Timer types like Prairie Bird 50 powered Gliders such Ace High MK II sacrifice lightness expedite building process majority available trainers fall basic category principal cri teria identifying basic trainers have al ready outlined addition trainers category usually conventional balsa balsa-and-Lite-Ply models slab sided variety Generally tail sur faces solid rather built-up will sometimes show compromise both size weight Basic trainers have highlift airfoil however Usually extra weight basic trainer associated expediting building time some cases its intended make model crash resistant consider mis guided self-defeating reasoning Light weight models less likely crash also crash less velocity Inevitably Im going hearing readers wholl write say havent mentioned ARFs Let forestall objection have mentioned ARFs havent done explicitlyand good reason unitiated ARF stands almost ready fly However AREs ARFs pilot has already won solo wings basic trainer ARE models have place beginner must extra watchful regarding wing loading desirable AREs simply con ventionally built wood airplanes 60 Model Aviation ZMA RADIO SOUTH -Th AUTHORIZED SERVICE CENTER Call Sam Leonard Tony Stiliman custom work competition needs stock complete hobby line specializing competition accessoriesall discounted prices Radio South Batteries 500 ma Pack 48V1100 Futabaconn1350 800 ma Pack 48V1950 Futaba conn2275 1200 ma Pack 48V2100 Futaba conn2425 TX batt Futaba 6-Series PCM2450 0 Featuring fast service ~O ified people latest equipment including a___ SPECTRUMANALYZER Orders COD MC American Express OPEN 8-5 CST kPrices subject change notice m....... 43 West Nine Mile Rd Pensacola FL 32514 FREQUENCY CONVERSIONS AMA Frequency Cominmee Approved stock Futaba JR radios YS engines parts Hatori headers pipes Repair Heli Sets Gyros 904 478-6745 someone else has already done hard work may may pre covered Often theres little distinguish model built yourself Mass-produced plastic foam models will call closer scrutiny Im still looking far havent found falls within parameters primary trainer few though come very close qualify ing lower range basic trainers have high-lift airfoil word advice lone eagles going have manage structor Youre going need study up piloting before first flightwhether have chosen worlds easiest primary trainer Proper trimming key well-trimmed primary trainer will quite nicely fly itself land itself out manipulations Having experi enced pilot perform first-flight trimming will comfort have drive day find him Crooked models fly crookedly tolerances much smaller available fullscale builders course can choose test glide model instead trial error method used pioneer RCers Since lacked modern convenience trim levers transmitters simply aimed model some tall grass about 50 ft away engine off gave toss glide wasnt perfect could make necessary adjustments ground won t have go alone hope thought has crossed mind now Since will have structor available have have primary trainer However wouldnt crease chances success well de crease time before am turned loose solo avoid difficult ad vanced trainers also basic trainers Right Thats what recommend sake instructor time well own sake However primary trainer upper-range ultra-easy models possible things will little too easy case would prudent before advance ship dreams go next basic trainerany basic trainer course no ones pressur ing advance hobby youre perfectly happy first airplane thousands RCers return relaxing models after getting taste guided missiles want pro gress however intermediate stop over step gives all-important experi ence faster responsive de manding aircraft say will need service instruc tor again have watched transition made difficulty Theres no harm playing safe though wish Continued page 160 Easily filled sand shot up 5 pounds Five 4x6 bags per package * conforms curvatures Complete instructions Add $100 shipping k IrU L'A w& u.m III i Worlds Most Useful Sanding Blocks 05 55 s13/4R a3/s 05 106 290vs w/5/83/s & 9tV Cornho package #2 05 101GS 104105106 1/4 & 3/8 05102 05103 Add $200 Shipping 1/2 & 5/5 3/4 &iRoundsCS 200 PKG Comhopackage#1 9nn $200 Add $200 ShippingSquares ..GS 300 PKG Wt4ssu Six Pack Combo $20O 101-106 395*1/2Shipping $300 Shipping Single GS ........ 5595* Shipping long lasting q\j~v silicon carbide gritgAll blocks sides V#oinInu 10 Lone ne Covers Oust dirt among en gines worst enemies can greatly reduce life prized powerplantsl So complete modeling acces sories ordering set MODEL fOX yll protect engines save moneyl Order Yours Today Catalog NoSize 11011/JA thru 25 engines J10240 thro 60 engines 110360 thru 120 engines J104 ras&Up Add $100 shipping Price $200 $250 $300 $350 December1988 61 Heavy duty k weight bags Building Covering Easily secured model seconds Transporting Fuelproof stretch fabric conforms engine/ muffler shapes & Field Long life Velcro fasteners Attractive assorted colors Tie-Down WT i IS] t1 d 4 01 t W 5 xperience GREAT PERFORMANCE SPAN 76 EXTRA 230 WING AREA 900 sq ins ZLIN 526 SPAN 72 ins WING AREA 900 sq ins series Sport Scale Balsa ARF Air planes 140-4 cycle equivalent motors Happy Holidays Available direct select hobby shops gL ZIMPRO MARKETINO Ia PO BOX 3076 OAK RIDGE TN 37830 PHONE 615-4826188 CrMr GO-SINUSI HIlls1gm lflm 4 Anderson nnoea Power PrndectSIflt Only certded checks money orders occeated Minimoer Order $10 DJ three packages 4 Powerooles {5300 per package $1 ping handong CT residents add 70% sales tao Prices sobecr focharrge wirtroar norica DUALSA INQUIRISS INVITUD farther inforrnatioe dealer prices seed SASE Rosiness Card SERMOS RIC SNAP CONNECTORS Cedar Coxes & Box 16787 Stamfd CT 9h 203322-6294 L BUILDING 7ERVICE RAD#O CONTIOL PRODUCTS carry full line Byron Originals Bob Parkerson Tom Cook Bob Violet products COD Orders Accepted 718 983-9735 128 WATCHOGUE ROAD EN BLAND 8 NY 10314 DejaVu521 96th Lo. NE NapairBlame MN 55434 Doug Brueshabers designs yalties Dougs Widow Rinets313 848-8195 Latsha Al Special ME- 109 Polkerts312 339-9541 Malney Models Kenin Matney 11325 Harold Dr Luna Pier MI 48157 lies DeYoang 16627 Dobson Soatls Holland IL 60473 P-39/P-63Greg Doe 407 Pony Dr Smyrna TN 37167 NapairCalifornia Speed Pros L Larson 32221 Alipaz 515 San Juan Capistrano CA 92675 PolekiltyGail Jacobson 2205 Britely Terr College Park GA 30349 P-SIDaane Gall 1250 Asbaty P1 Lakeseood CG 80228 See next month Trainers/Waterman Continued page 61 RCers consider advanced trainers intermediate trainers view incorrect Flying basic ad vanced trainer constitutes intermediate phase After mastering basic trainer see no need whatsoever move up ad vanced trainer unless competition flying goal dream ship sport aircraft will no difficult fly ad vanced trainer watch wing load ing other parameters Ive de scribed have flown contest-caliber Scale aircraft just tractable some trainers although low-wing models fact once successfully used Sopwith Pup biplane trainerit day young man visited field expressed interest learning fly course particular biplane much easier fly aerobatic type secondary aeronautical advantages mentioned earlier have sparked degree controversysome RC pilots give importance others aux iliary considerations deserve fuller evalua tion space limits us just per functory review Should beginners use three channels steer rudder four channels ai leron steering Three-channel models easier build fly student has help building flying differences arent significant enough exclude four-channel option Lone eagles will have consult intuition concerning per sonal limitations adeptness question tricycle landing gear versus conventional tail-draggers again arent substantial differences between two 1 usually suggest trike gear paved field available tail-dragger option grass field third point de bate pros cons using upperrange engine versus intermediate lower-range decisions have made relatively minor importance Fo cus attention Big Five aeronauti cal factors make sure trainer corporates Youll assured pleasant discouragement-free start wonderful world RC model airplanes About author Jim Watennan au 615 439-6845thor Ease-of-Flying Ratings RIC Train ers guide based extensive testing 714 661-7430Nthe available trainers publication 714 542-3221Dthe reader will find reconunendations spe CIfiC trainers additional infonnation send pre-addressed stamped envelope 404 763-0361to Jim Waterman 3818 Deerfield Dr San Antonio 7X 78218 303 969-9527 CL Scale/Boss Continued page 62 Please note lathe Catalog No 9 HT 6655C catalog-order-only item catalog effectivity extends through January 31 1989 try order after time best check latest Sears catalog first last helpful hint suggestion can use 35mm cameras obtaining pictures needed color detail documentation Scale model presentations Sometimes need picture two complete models Scale presentations uncom mon someone go out buy book has required information proceed remove required photos data book thereby destroying Dennis suggests us own 35mm single-lens reflex cameraor know friend has camera roll color film can answer obtaining photos books magazines etc destroying sometimes can take pictures needed photos library books friends book magazine pages own library aviation documentation Dennis did specify particular camera 35mm cameras own market today allow get reasonably close subject stay focus Most also have built-in flash units elimi nate lighting problems might know someone has have yourself cam era has macro focusing feature al lows focus objects inches tween camera object being photo graphed macro feature allows better control over framing object within cameras viewfinder thus creating larger object negative better picture reproduction Dennis also suggested taking pic tures good idea try different exposure set tings helps have something picture will reproduce skin tones ie finger tips Having skin tones picture will allow judge color fidelity prints will also allow go back printer color adjustment might example too much red pictureand Dennis also noted preference color print re production Kodak processing Address correction August column men tioned Scale Model Research source photo three-view documentation provided old address correct address Scale Model Research 2334 Ticonderoga Way Co sta Mesa CA 92626 Please send ideas comments especially pho tos CL Scale activity address listed 160 Model Aviation
Edition: Model Aviation - 1988/12
Page Numbers: 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 160
RO TRAINERS designation trainer signed scads model airplanes author has discovered created equal some ways de termine right EJim Waterman SURPRISINGLY ENOUGH can find fliers involvement Radio Control model airplanes goes back 30 years yet seem unaware RC trainers fall three quite different types classes pri mary basic advanced Theres wide spread tendency overgeneralize about beginners airplanes trainer trainer attitude shows up just among general participants hobby industry RC media well Some take viewpoint ex treme Anything side Pattern ship has high wing trainer oversimplification about trainers has detrimental morale pocket books RC beginnersand has increased attrition rate within group just few beginners make ostensibly entry-level purchase recommended club flying site hobby shop through magazine advertisements reality above skill leveland wonder cant fly will behoove beginner aware existence three trainer classes determined skill levels required pilot also classes subdi vided high medium low range As doesnt complicate matters enough neophyte trainer performs further influenced its built set up modeler can take two identical sister ships through overpowering incorrect center-of-gravity CG incorrect control throws improper building aligaing make tame other quite wild such plethora levels choices variables its perhaps understandable RCers fall back trainer trainer attitude though over simplification has proven disastrous 56 Model Aviation Anyone says biplanes hard fly has never flown Proctors big Antic bipe model gentle Old-Timer takes considerable time patience build quick look wing saddle easiest way determine type airfoii used wing straight line saddle leaves no doubt model uses flat-bottom wing Jim says Prairie Bird 50 isnt quite large hed like primary trainer very easy fly due its light weight polyhedral wing high-lift airfoil modest power high percentage would-be fliers words warning arent intended scare off prospective RC beginner thoughts entering hobby contrary aim give infor mation tools youll need practically guarantee comparatively easy initiation RC flying provided youre willing patient careful model builder Its important recognize RC models fact real airplanes just toys can buy Saturday fly Sunday time spent workbench will compensated time saved learning flyin addition sparing disappointment financial loss wont greatly please arent too keen building its general rule thumb longer building time quicker soloing no aeronautical secrets thing am about tell has published various books magazines over good yearsand has con firmed practice Yet talk av erage flier dealer about desirable charac teristics trainer high-wing configu ration oaly can count mentioning First lets capsulize five musts essentials effective RC trainer airplane must have high-wing cabintype configuration shoulder-wing least must large car workbench can accommodate must light structurally feasible must have high-lift airfoil Finally must have dihe dral plus long tail moment distance wing tail surfaces Ualess plane possesses five characteris tics its going easy-flying pri mary basic trainer will touch sec ondary advantages later former school teacher know futility merely saying must should ac companying explanations High-wing configuration concentra tion weight below wing pendu lum effect gives high-wing designs add ed stability Stability means should able completely release transmitter controls expect model fly quite nicely its own Barring unexpected wind gusts assuming model has cor rectly built trimmed airplane can also expected right itself following turn Dihedral upward sweep incline wings center joint poly hedral will also improve stability Whether favor realistic horizon tally fiat wings esthetic appeal sta bility must beginnersand the better Large size Im well aware might inclined toward smaller mod els entry RC Youre naturally reluctant spend much money until see hobby takes strong hold think will understand its erroneous caution will probably doom new venture short life December 1988 57 Would rather lose $50 airplane day have $150 investment might last indefinitely Little airplanes usu ally flit around sky like nervous butter flies calling very sharp reactions eyesight part Large airplanes sedate docile forgiving will fly relatively slower respond gently control input Theyre also considerably easier see sky Youd surprised easy become disori ented especially failed color wing something bright like yellow An other bonus large models less authors Acro Star acrobatic biplane much too demanding beginners because its speed symmetrical airfoil small size lack dihedral less-than-favorable wing loading Advanced trainers such often incorporate shoulder-wing configurations along semi-symmetrical airfoils Theyre great windy conditions learning aerobatics beginner forced try learn fly aid instructor Old-Timer Free Flight models converted RC make great primary trainers Generous dihedral light weight ensures good flying Stick construction can tough beginner though likely behave unpredictably wind gusty large large enough about airplane 100-in wingspan Yes know youre quite ready trade economy car long-bed pickup van station wagon may have compromise can count having flight instructor 50-in wingspan ab solute minimum opinion dont have luxury teacher raise figure 70 depend ing five precepts under discussion included model Light weight doesnt take degree aeronautical engineering understand principle heavier airplanes must fly faster lighter ones order stay air borne automatically removes heavy airplanes ranks acceptable train ers doesnt necessarily expel ranks advanced trainers however cause extra weight might less hin drance student whos acquired some skills its latter group way advanced trainers intended notwithstanding observation some experienced RCers arent averse using teaching raw beginner want slow airplane first learning fly course Without theres good chance might never solo best training period would unreasonably protracted finding patient available instruc tors becoming harder year thanks large number beginners instead taking time glue together cobweb little sticks old-fashioned way showing up quick-building difficultto-fly trainers Finding time build light really just matter setting ones priorities Admittedly everyone gets kind plea sure building creating traveling friend can take building board motel rooms him suggests kinds possibilities simplest ways discern tween light heavy models compare engine requirements Everything else being equal lighter model will modestly powered heavier will obvi ously have greater power requirement Thatll give rough estimate precise determination youll need some calculations estimate wing load ing Ready pencil note pad copy following formula arriving models wing loadinga method will remove doubt Wing loading determined taking wing area inches span times chord dividing figure 144 get square feet weight model con verted pounds ounces 16 oz per lb Divide total ounces square footage get ounces per square foot ozIsq ft dont want have buy build model buy expensive set scales before knowing its weight wing area Often figures will shown kit box catalog advertisement minimum maximum weight shown choose higher figure beginners tend build models too heavy Once manufacturers will have al ready calculated wing loading will gladly display world see likely wing area prototypes weight will shown Get out handy pocket calculator take neither weight nor wing area shown will always other trainers consider Okay have found prospective trainer have calculated its wing load ing So now what figure doesnt mean anything does Thats because its comparative measurement group trainers youd have math airplane see lightest 58 Model Aviation Another modern Old-Timer Kadet Senorita look through covering shows what makes model light slow importance light wing loading cant stressed enough ne powered Glider compares favorably Old-Timer models comes ease flying both types limited oper ating calm very mild wind conditions tell-tale wing saddle model indicates has either semi-symmetrical sym metrical wing Using either wings qualifies advanced trainer category four general types airfoils likely encounter A-D descending order amount lift generate ascending order models flying speed wing loading Fortunately dont have Ive already performed hard work Evaluating popular available trainers has practically become avocation desire begin ner s advocate Although following fig ures arent found aeronautical text books Im familiar hence dont have stamp approval experts field outcome consid erable study RC trainers easeof-flying qualities Have note pad pencil ready again First wing loading figure youve calculated greater 20 ozIsq ft would best pass up particular mod el because will fly too fast begin ners ualess blessed unusually sharp reflexes wont have benefit instructor lower maximum fig ure 15 16 ozIsq ft want trainer grandma can fly drop down further under 12 13 oz/sq ft Youll have no trouble finding excellent trainers well under 12 ozIsq ft range also perfect preadolescent whos ready first flying les sons However other variables con sider maximum wing loading figures quoted above based popular 60in wingspanand presuppose youre using size larger model safer nudge figures upwards because small wings generate less lift per square inch large ones model youre considering has wingspan over 60 can allow somewhat generous wing loading other hand air plane designer happened have hot dog aerobatic predilections failed pro vide wing high-lift airfoil figures would have moved down wards leads us important considerations airfoil Airfoil high-lift airfoil enables air plane fly slowly stalling does its low-lift counterpart Any air plane will stall insufficient speed high-lift airfoil allows reduce speed lowest threshold possible es sential effective trainer first airplane dont want compromise dont want dual-purpose hybrid trainer aerobatic performer Any thoughts aerobatic potential should wait till youve mastered basics want everything possible working behalf suc cessful start RC else being equal high-lift airfoil will allow fly slowly also use smaller economical engine respect latter doesnt take much get ideal trainer airborne Under good conditions Glider can flown hours engine Shown accompanying drawing four basic types airfoils ranging high lift low Because building covering structural problems pre sents very few models take advantage Continued page 60 WASHINGTONS AMA BASE cup/e per night Free Parking Cars Free Full Breakfasts Free Metropass Sat Sun Free Harrington Hawk Cafeteria Sandwich Shop & Cafe Check day Minimum stay 2 nzghts ceicm#n-W $~I *AMA 11th & E Streets NW Washington DC 20004 7I1iY MEMBER RATE 1-800-424-8532 202-628-8140 Tax nor included NEWDrill Jig Motor Mounts 40 Ask ii hobby shop HAL PAYNE ENTERPRISES 1928 Gladwlck St Compton CA 90220 213 537 2958 Fits mount up fo 3 wide last have found reliable way drill & tap engine mounts Simply clamp moont firewall Insert pins drop engine down pinsSlide guides around denied ongine locOtion Dill holeS tfrouah hardened guides Moon goides aside top holes Supports ae wood avoid deflection dills tap breakage Heat teated steel guides ae included 4-45 8-32 holes Additional support block included fo perfect holes hand drill 29 Satisfaction money back order direct add $250 shipping charges DEALERS l Jigs now being distributed G4 SMIITh 535 W8UZZ87550 Sun Guhrnl Scud cadero CA 03422 086-1717 December 198859 US CoJl NatmalAr 0 Spur Muwun nurcru Gutnry otN uruucntrw Onon Occur uCmO U U Siuco 8975AVAILABLE AT AMERICAS8525 FINEST HOBBY SHOPS DISTRIBUTED BY Name Street Address City StateZip HOWW RNATIONAL INCO superior lift provided undercam bered airfoil Wright brothers ever would never have made history Flyer such airfoil essential underpowered en gine flat-bottomed airfoil easy build cover can also quite strong Since comes reasonably close being good second choice will found majority RC trainers well sport aircraft designed competi tion aerobatics maximum wind penetra tion Later RC career may wish advance aerobatics semisymmetrical symmetrical airfoils come element Neither type ac ceptable primary trainer semisym metrical airfoil will occasionally found lower-range basic trainer latter happens have lot other things going synunetrical airfoil stricfly advanced aircraft Advertisements rarely identify trainer class some specify airfoil used own Fortunately studying picture model will usually reveal necessary clues wing saddle has downward sweep curve airfoil obviously flat-bottomed high-lift lack itself has caused fledgling RCers downfall should airplane happen possess combined disadvantages both too much weight low-lift airfoil yes Im afraid such trainers exist its rare neophyte could learn solo Ex tremely adept student pilots have occasion ally proved exception usually under close prolonged instruction Primary basic advanced trainers five keys identifying easy-tofly trainerlarge size light weight high wing high-lift airfoil generous dihe dral polyhedral combined long tail momentfirmly mind beginner still needs guidance differentiating among three broad categories trainers Unfortu nately no definitive guidelines avail able arent really clear-cut lines demarcation among primary basic advanced types characteristics overlap class blurs next distinctions become ambiguous debat able instructors full-scale aircraft complete agreement regarding classification aeronautical charac teristics become quite close upperrange basic trainers might called primary trainers some lower-range pri mary trainers might called basic trainers others mans pussycat can another mans tiger useful distinction can give because incorporates five easy-flying features and/or greater degree does basic trainer primary trainer class lone eagle can hope solo instruc tors assistance Due combination factorssmaller size easy building fea tures semi-aerobatic characteristicsa basic trainer will substantially diffi cult fly RC student li censed full-scale pilot instructor man datory class trainer Generally advanced trainer can identified easily enough its low-lift airfoil can take symmetrical airfoil give huge wing generous dihedral light airframe literally force fit basic trainer category unlikely will stumble across such juxtapo sition However sometimes model would otherwise belong basic cate gory can slipped back primary camp adding few little niceties such wing tip washout turbulator spars lifting stab stabilizer airfoil shape rather just flat surface provided too much weight added sake quick-building design short find model incorporates five key factors have pri mary trainer exemplified larger powered Gliders larger Old-Timers Free Flight models converted Radio Con trol upper-range primary train ers means theyre consummately easy flybut definitely quick build Trainers minor compromises little versatility would midrange primary trainers Senior Telemaster Kadet Senior fit category bit compromise case size would mid- lower-range primary trainers exemplified Kadet Senior ita Telemaster 40 Just making un der wire lower-range primary would smaller Old-Timer types like Prairie Bird 50 powered Gliders such Ace High MK II sacrifice lightness expedite building process majority available trainers fall basic category principal cri teria identifying basic trainers have al ready outlined addition trainers category usually conventional balsa balsa-and-Lite-Ply models slab sided variety Generally tail sur faces solid rather built-up will sometimes show compromise both size weight Basic trainers have highlift airfoil however Usually extra weight basic trainer associated expediting building time some cases its intended make model crash resistant consider mis guided self-defeating reasoning Light weight models less likely crash also crash less velocity Inevitably Im going hearing readers wholl write say havent mentioned ARFs Let forestall objection have mentioned ARFs havent done explicitlyand good reason unitiated ARF stands almost ready fly However AREs ARFs pilot has already won solo wings basic trainer ARE models have place beginner must extra watchful regarding wing loading desirable AREs simply con ventionally built wood airplanes 60 Model Aviation ZMA RADIO SOUTH -Th AUTHORIZED SERVICE CENTER Call Sam Leonard Tony Stiliman custom work competition needs stock complete hobby line specializing competition accessoriesall discounted prices Radio South Batteries 500 ma Pack 48V1100 Futabaconn1350 800 ma Pack 48V1950 Futaba conn2275 1200 ma Pack 48V2100 Futaba conn2425 TX batt Futaba 6-Series PCM2450 0 Featuring fast service ~O ified people latest equipment including a___ SPECTRUMANALYZER Orders COD MC American Express OPEN 8-5 CST kPrices subject change notice m....... 43 West Nine Mile Rd Pensacola FL 32514 FREQUENCY CONVERSIONS AMA Frequency Cominmee Approved stock Futaba JR radios YS engines parts Hatori headers pipes Repair Heli Sets Gyros 904 478-6745 someone else has already done hard work may may pre covered Often theres little distinguish model built yourself Mass-produced plastic foam models will call closer scrutiny Im still looking far havent found falls within parameters primary trainer few though come very close qualify ing lower range basic trainers have high-lift airfoil word advice lone eagles going have manage structor Youre going need study up piloting before first flightwhether have chosen worlds easiest primary trainer Proper trimming key well-trimmed primary trainer will quite nicely fly itself land itself out manipulations Having experi enced pilot perform first-flight trimming will comfort have drive day find him Crooked models fly crookedly tolerances much smaller available fullscale builders course can choose test glide model instead trial error method used pioneer RCers Since lacked modern convenience trim levers transmitters simply aimed model some tall grass about 50 ft away engine off gave toss glide wasnt perfect could make necessary adjustments ground won t have go alone hope thought has crossed mind now Since will have structor available have have primary trainer However wouldnt crease chances success well de crease time before am turned loose solo avoid difficult ad vanced trainers also basic trainers Right Thats what recommend sake instructor time well own sake However primary trainer upper-range ultra-easy models possible things will little too easy case would prudent before advance ship dreams go next basic trainerany basic trainer course no ones pressur ing advance hobby youre perfectly happy first airplane thousands RCers return relaxing models after getting taste guided missiles want pro gress however intermediate stop over step gives all-important experi ence faster responsive de manding aircraft say will need service instruc tor again have watched transition made difficulty Theres no harm playing safe though wish Continued page 160 Easily filled sand shot up 5 pounds Five 4x6 bags per package * conforms curvatures Complete instructions Add $100 shipping k IrU L'A w& u.m III i Worlds Most Useful Sanding Blocks 05 55 s13/4R a3/s 05 106 290vs w/5/83/s & 9tV Cornho package #2 05 101GS 104105106 1/4 & 3/8 05102 05103 Add $200 Shipping 1/2 & 5/5 3/4 &iRoundsCS 200 PKG Comhopackage#1 9nn $200 Add $200 ShippingSquares ..GS 300 PKG Wt4ssu Six Pack Combo $20O 101-106 395*1/2Shipping $300 Shipping Single GS ........ 5595* Shipping long lasting q\j~v silicon carbide gritgAll blocks sides V#oinInu 10 Lone ne Covers Oust dirt among en gines worst enemies can greatly reduce life prized powerplantsl So complete modeling acces sories ordering set MODEL fOX yll protect engines save moneyl Order Yours Today Catalog NoSize 11011/JA thru 25 engines J10240 thro 60 engines 110360 thru 120 engines J104 ras&Up Add $100 shipping Price $200 $250 $300 $350 December1988 61 Heavy duty k weight bags Building Covering Easily secured model seconds Transporting Fuelproof stretch fabric conforms engine/ muffler shapes & Field Long life Velcro fasteners Attractive assorted colors Tie-Down WT i IS] t1 d 4 01 t W 5 xperience GREAT PERFORMANCE SPAN 76 EXTRA 230 WING AREA 900 sq ins ZLIN 526 SPAN 72 ins WING AREA 900 sq ins series Sport Scale Balsa ARF Air planes 140-4 cycle equivalent motors Happy Holidays Available direct select hobby shops gL ZIMPRO MARKETINO Ia PO BOX 3076 OAK RIDGE TN 37830 PHONE 615-4826188 CrMr GO-SINUSI HIlls1gm lflm 4 Anderson nnoea Power PrndectSIflt Only certded checks money orders occeated Minimoer Order $10 DJ three packages 4 Powerooles {5300 per package $1 ping handong CT residents add 70% sales tao Prices sobecr focharrge wirtroar norica DUALSA INQUIRISS INVITUD farther inforrnatioe dealer prices seed SASE Rosiness Card SERMOS RIC SNAP CONNECTORS Cedar Coxes & Box 16787 Stamfd CT 9h 203322-6294 L BUILDING 7ERVICE RAD#O CONTIOL PRODUCTS carry full line Byron Originals Bob Parkerson Tom Cook Bob Violet products COD Orders Accepted 718 983-9735 128 WATCHOGUE ROAD EN BLAND 8 NY 10314 DejaVu521 96th Lo. NE NapairBlame MN 55434 Doug Brueshabers designs yalties Dougs Widow Rinets313 848-8195 Latsha Al Special ME- 109 Polkerts312 339-9541 Malney Models Kenin Matney 11325 Harold Dr Luna Pier MI 48157 lies DeYoang 16627 Dobson Soatls Holland IL 60473 P-39/P-63Greg Doe 407 Pony Dr Smyrna TN 37167 NapairCalifornia Speed Pros L Larson 32221 Alipaz 515 San Juan Capistrano CA 92675 PolekiltyGail Jacobson 2205 Britely Terr College Park GA 30349 P-SIDaane Gall 1250 Asbaty P1 Lakeseood CG 80228 See next month Trainers/Waterman Continued page 61 RCers consider advanced trainers intermediate trainers view incorrect Flying basic ad vanced trainer constitutes intermediate phase After mastering basic trainer see no need whatsoever move up ad vanced trainer unless competition flying goal dream ship sport aircraft will no difficult fly ad vanced trainer watch wing load ing other parameters Ive de scribed have flown contest-caliber Scale aircraft just tractable some trainers although low-wing models fact once successfully used Sopwith Pup biplane trainerit day young man visited field expressed interest learning fly course particular biplane much easier fly aerobatic type secondary aeronautical advantages mentioned earlier have sparked degree controversysome RC pilots give importance others aux iliary considerations deserve fuller evalua tion space limits us just per functory review Should beginners use three channels steer rudder four channels ai leron steering Three-channel models easier build fly student has help building flying differences arent significant enough exclude four-channel option Lone eagles will have consult intuition concerning per sonal limitations adeptness question tricycle landing gear versus conventional tail-draggers again arent substantial differences between two 1 usually suggest trike gear paved field available tail-dragger option grass field third point de bate pros cons using upperrange engine versus intermediate lower-range decisions have made relatively minor importance Fo cus attention Big Five aeronauti cal factors make sure trainer corporates Youll assured pleasant discouragement-free start wonderful world RC model airplanes About author Jim Watennan au 615 439-6845thor Ease-of-Flying Ratings RIC Train ers guide based extensive testing 714 661-7430Nthe available trainers publication 714 542-3221Dthe reader will find reconunendations spe CIfiC trainers additional infonnation send pre-addressed stamped envelope 404 763-0361to Jim Waterman 3818 Deerfield Dr San Antonio 7X 78218 303 969-9527 CL Scale/Boss Continued page 62 Please note lathe Catalog No 9 HT 6655C catalog-order-only item catalog effectivity extends through January 31 1989 try order after time best check latest Sears catalog first last helpful hint suggestion can use 35mm cameras obtaining pictures needed color detail documentation Scale model presentations Sometimes need picture two complete models Scale presentations uncom mon someone go out buy book has required information proceed remove required photos data book thereby destroying Dennis suggests us own 35mm single-lens reflex cameraor know friend has camera roll color film can answer obtaining photos books magazines etc destroying sometimes can take pictures needed photos library books friends book magazine pages own library aviation documentation Dennis did specify particular camera 35mm cameras own market today allow get reasonably close subject stay focus Most also have built-in flash units elimi nate lighting problems might know someone has have yourself cam era has macro focusing feature al lows focus objects inches tween camera object being photo graphed macro feature allows better control over framing object within cameras viewfinder thus creating larger object negative better picture reproduction Dennis also suggested taking pic tures good idea try different exposure set tings helps have something picture will reproduce skin tones ie finger tips Having skin tones picture will allow judge color fidelity prints will also allow go back printer color adjustment might example too much red pictureand Dennis also noted preference color print re production Kodak processing Address correction August column men tioned Scale Model Research source photo three-view documentation provided old address correct address Scale Model Research 2334 Ticonderoga Way Co sta Mesa CA 92626 Please send ideas comments especially pho tos CL Scale activity address listed 160 Model Aviation
Edition: Model Aviation - 1988/12
Page Numbers: 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 160
RO TRAINERS designation trainer signed scads model airplanes author has discovered created equal some ways de termine right EJim Waterman SURPRISINGLY ENOUGH can find fliers involvement Radio Control model airplanes goes back 30 years yet seem unaware RC trainers fall three quite different types classes pri mary basic advanced Theres wide spread tendency overgeneralize about beginners airplanes trainer trainer attitude shows up just among general participants hobby industry RC media well Some take viewpoint ex treme Anything side Pattern ship has high wing trainer oversimplification about trainers has detrimental morale pocket books RC beginnersand has increased attrition rate within group just few beginners make ostensibly entry-level purchase recommended club flying site hobby shop through magazine advertisements reality above skill leveland wonder cant fly will behoove beginner aware existence three trainer classes determined skill levels required pilot also classes subdi vided high medium low range As doesnt complicate matters enough neophyte trainer performs further influenced its built set up modeler can take two identical sister ships through overpowering incorrect center-of-gravity CG incorrect control throws improper building aligaing make tame other quite wild such plethora levels choices variables its perhaps understandable RCers fall back trainer trainer attitude though over simplification has proven disastrous 56 Model Aviation Anyone says biplanes hard fly has never flown Proctors big Antic bipe model gentle Old-Timer takes considerable time patience build quick look wing saddle easiest way determine type airfoii used wing straight line saddle leaves no doubt model uses flat-bottom wing Jim says Prairie Bird 50 isnt quite large hed like primary trainer very easy fly due its light weight polyhedral wing high-lift airfoil modest power high percentage would-be fliers words warning arent intended scare off prospective RC beginner thoughts entering hobby contrary aim give infor mation tools youll need practically guarantee comparatively easy initiation RC flying provided youre willing patient careful model builder Its important recognize RC models fact real airplanes just toys can buy Saturday fly Sunday time spent workbench will compensated time saved learning flyin addition sparing disappointment financial loss wont greatly please arent too keen building its general rule thumb longer building time quicker soloing no aeronautical secrets thing am about tell has published various books magazines over good yearsand has con firmed practice Yet talk av erage flier dealer about desirable charac teristics trainer high-wing configu ration oaly can count mentioning First lets capsulize five musts essentials effective RC trainer airplane must have high-wing cabintype configuration shoulder-wing least must large car workbench can accommodate must light structurally feasible must have high-lift airfoil Finally must have dihe dral plus long tail moment distance wing tail surfaces Ualess plane possesses five characteris tics its going easy-flying pri mary basic trainer will touch sec ondary advantages later former school teacher know futility merely saying must should ac companying explanations High-wing configuration concentra tion weight below wing pendu lum effect gives high-wing designs add ed stability Stability means should able completely release transmitter controls expect model fly quite nicely its own Barring unexpected wind gusts assuming model has cor rectly built trimmed airplane can also expected right itself following turn Dihedral upward sweep incline wings center joint poly hedral will also improve stability Whether favor realistic horizon tally fiat wings esthetic appeal sta bility must beginnersand the better Large size Im well aware might inclined toward smaller mod els entry RC Youre naturally reluctant spend much money until see hobby takes strong hold think will understand its erroneous caution will probably doom new venture short life December 1988 57 Would rather lose $50 airplane day have $150 investment might last indefinitely Little airplanes usu ally flit around sky like nervous butter flies calling very sharp reactions eyesight part Large airplanes sedate docile forgiving will fly relatively slower respond gently control input Theyre also considerably easier see sky Youd surprised easy become disori ented especially failed color wing something bright like yellow An other bonus large models less authors Acro Star acrobatic biplane much too demanding beginners because its speed symmetrical airfoil small size lack dihedral less-than-favorable wing loading Advanced trainers such often incorporate shoulder-wing configurations along semi-symmetrical airfoils Theyre great windy conditions learning aerobatics beginner forced try learn fly aid instructor Old-Timer Free Flight models converted RC make great primary trainers Generous dihedral light weight ensures good flying Stick construction can tough beginner though likely behave unpredictably wind gusty large large enough about airplane 100-in wingspan Yes know youre quite ready trade economy car long-bed pickup van station wagon may have compromise can count having flight instructor 50-in wingspan ab solute minimum opinion dont have luxury teacher raise figure 70 depend ing five precepts under discussion included model Light weight doesnt take degree aeronautical engineering understand principle heavier airplanes must fly faster lighter ones order stay air borne automatically removes heavy airplanes ranks acceptable train ers doesnt necessarily expel ranks advanced trainers however cause extra weight might less hin drance student whos acquired some skills its latter group way advanced trainers intended notwithstanding observation some experienced RCers arent averse using teaching raw beginner want slow airplane first learning fly course Without theres good chance might never solo best training period would unreasonably protracted finding patient available instruc tors becoming harder year thanks large number beginners instead taking time glue together cobweb little sticks old-fashioned way showing up quick-building difficultto-fly trainers Finding time build light really just matter setting ones priorities Admittedly everyone gets kind plea sure building creating traveling friend can take building board motel rooms him suggests kinds possibilities simplest ways discern tween light heavy models compare engine requirements Everything else being equal lighter model will modestly powered heavier will obvi ously have greater power requirement Thatll give rough estimate precise determination youll need some calculations estimate wing load ing Ready pencil note pad copy following formula arriving models wing loadinga method will remove doubt Wing loading determined taking wing area inches span times chord dividing figure 144 get square feet weight model con verted pounds ounces 16 oz per lb Divide total ounces square footage get ounces per square foot ozIsq ft dont want have buy build model buy expensive set scales before knowing its weight wing area Often figures will shown kit box catalog advertisement minimum maximum weight shown choose higher figure beginners tend build models too heavy Once manufacturers will have al ready calculated wing loading will gladly display world see likely wing area prototypes weight will shown Get out handy pocket calculator take neither weight nor wing area shown will always other trainers consider Okay have found prospective trainer have calculated its wing load ing So now what figure doesnt mean anything does Thats because its comparative measurement group trainers youd have math airplane see lightest 58 Model Aviation Another modern Old-Timer Kadet Senorita look through covering shows what makes model light slow importance light wing loading cant stressed enough ne powered Glider compares favorably Old-Timer models comes ease flying both types limited oper ating calm very mild wind conditions tell-tale wing saddle model indicates has either semi-symmetrical sym metrical wing Using either wings qualifies advanced trainer category four general types airfoils likely encounter A-D descending order amount lift generate ascending order models flying speed wing loading Fortunately dont have Ive already performed hard work Evaluating popular available trainers has practically become avocation desire begin ner s advocate Although following fig ures arent found aeronautical text books Im familiar hence dont have stamp approval experts field outcome consid erable study RC trainers easeof-flying qualities Have note pad pencil ready again First wing loading figure youve calculated greater 20 ozIsq ft would best pass up particular mod el because will fly too fast begin ners ualess blessed unusually sharp reflexes wont have benefit instructor lower maximum fig ure 15 16 ozIsq ft want trainer grandma can fly drop down further under 12 13 oz/sq ft Youll have no trouble finding excellent trainers well under 12 ozIsq ft range also perfect preadolescent whos ready first flying les sons However other variables con sider maximum wing loading figures quoted above based popular 60in wingspanand presuppose youre using size larger model safer nudge figures upwards because small wings generate less lift per square inch large ones model youre considering has wingspan over 60 can allow somewhat generous wing loading other hand air plane designer happened have hot dog aerobatic predilections failed pro vide wing high-lift airfoil figures would have moved down wards leads us important considerations airfoil Airfoil high-lift airfoil enables air plane fly slowly stalling does its low-lift counterpart Any air plane will stall insufficient speed high-lift airfoil allows reduce speed lowest threshold possible es sential effective trainer first airplane dont want compromise dont want dual-purpose hybrid trainer aerobatic performer Any thoughts aerobatic potential should wait till youve mastered basics want everything possible working behalf suc cessful start RC else being equal high-lift airfoil will allow fly slowly also use smaller economical engine respect latter doesnt take much get ideal trainer airborne Under good conditions Glider can flown hours engine Shown accompanying drawing four basic types airfoils ranging high lift low Because building covering structural problems pre sents very few models take advantage Continued page 60 WASHINGTONS AMA BASE cup/e per night Free Parking Cars Free Full Breakfasts Free Metropass Sat Sun Free Harrington Hawk Cafeteria Sandwich Shop & Cafe Check day Minimum stay 2 nzghts ceicm#n-W $~I *AMA 11th & E Streets NW Washington DC 20004 7I1iY MEMBER RATE 1-800-424-8532 202-628-8140 Tax nor included NEWDrill Jig Motor Mounts 40 Ask ii hobby shop HAL PAYNE ENTERPRISES 1928 Gladwlck St Compton CA 90220 213 537 2958 Fits mount up fo 3 wide last have found reliable way drill & tap engine mounts Simply clamp moont firewall Insert pins drop engine down pinsSlide guides around denied ongine locOtion Dill holeS tfrouah hardened guides Moon goides aside top holes Supports ae wood avoid deflection dills tap breakage Heat teated steel guides ae included 4-45 8-32 holes Additional support block included fo perfect holes hand drill 29 Satisfaction money back order direct add $250 shipping charges DEALERS l Jigs now being distributed G4 SMIITh 535 W8UZZ87550 Sun Guhrnl Scud cadero CA 03422 086-1717 December 198859 US CoJl NatmalAr 0 Spur Muwun nurcru Gutnry otN uruucntrw Onon Occur uCmO U U Siuco 8975AVAILABLE AT AMERICAS8525 FINEST HOBBY SHOPS DISTRIBUTED BY Name Street Address City StateZip HOWW RNATIONAL INCO superior lift provided undercam bered airfoil Wright brothers ever would never have made history Flyer such airfoil essential underpowered en gine flat-bottomed airfoil easy build cover can also quite strong Since comes reasonably close being good second choice will found majority RC trainers well sport aircraft designed competi tion aerobatics maximum wind penetra tion Later RC career may wish advance aerobatics semisymmetrical symmetrical airfoils come element Neither type ac ceptable primary trainer semisym metrical airfoil will occasionally found lower-range basic trainer latter happens have lot other things going synunetrical airfoil stricfly advanced aircraft Advertisements rarely identify trainer class some specify airfoil used own Fortunately studying picture model will usually reveal necessary clues wing saddle has downward sweep curve airfoil obviously flat-bottomed high-lift lack itself has caused fledgling RCers downfall should airplane happen possess combined disadvantages both too much weight low-lift airfoil yes Im afraid such trainers exist its rare neophyte could learn solo Ex tremely adept student pilots have occasion ally proved exception usually under close prolonged instruction Primary basic advanced trainers five keys identifying easy-tofly trainerlarge size light weight high wing high-lift airfoil generous dihe dral polyhedral combined long tail momentfirmly mind beginner still needs guidance differentiating among three broad categories trainers Unfortu nately no definitive guidelines avail able arent really clear-cut lines demarcation among primary basic advanced types characteristics overlap class blurs next distinctions become ambiguous debat able instructors full-scale aircraft complete agreement regarding classification aeronautical charac teristics become quite close upperrange basic trainers might called primary trainers some lower-range pri mary trainers might called basic trainers others mans pussycat can another mans tiger useful distinction can give because incorporates five easy-flying features and/or greater degree does basic trainer primary trainer class lone eagle can hope solo instruc tors assistance Due combination factorssmaller size easy building fea tures semi-aerobatic characteristicsa basic trainer will substantially diffi cult fly RC student li censed full-scale pilot instructor man datory class trainer Generally advanced trainer can identified easily enough its low-lift airfoil can take symmetrical airfoil give huge wing generous dihedral light airframe literally force fit basic trainer category unlikely will stumble across such juxtapo sition However sometimes model would otherwise belong basic cate gory can slipped back primary camp adding few little niceties such wing tip washout turbulator spars lifting stab stabilizer airfoil shape rather just flat surface provided too much weight added sake quick-building design short find model incorporates five key factors have pri mary trainer exemplified larger powered Gliders larger Old-Timers Free Flight models converted Radio Con trol upper-range primary train ers means theyre consummately easy flybut definitely quick build Trainers minor compromises little versatility would midrange primary trainers Senior Telemaster Kadet Senior fit category bit compromise case size would mid- lower-range primary trainers exemplified Kadet Senior ita Telemaster 40 Just making un der wire lower-range primary would smaller Old-Timer types like Prairie Bird 50 powered Gliders such Ace High MK II sacrifice lightness expedite building process majority available trainers fall basic category principal cri teria identifying basic trainers have al ready outlined addition trainers category usually conventional balsa balsa-and-Lite-Ply models slab sided variety Generally tail sur faces solid rather built-up will sometimes show compromise both size weight Basic trainers have highlift airfoil however Usually extra weight basic trainer associated expediting building time some cases its intended make model crash resistant consider mis guided self-defeating reasoning Light weight models less likely crash also crash less velocity Inevitably Im going hearing readers wholl write say havent mentioned ARFs Let forestall objection have mentioned ARFs havent done explicitlyand good reason unitiated ARF stands almost ready fly However AREs ARFs pilot has already won solo wings basic trainer ARE models have place beginner must extra watchful regarding wing loading desirable AREs simply con ventionally built wood airplanes 60 Model Aviation ZMA RADIO SOUTH -Th AUTHORIZED SERVICE CENTER Call Sam Leonard Tony Stiliman custom work competition needs stock complete hobby line specializing competition accessoriesall discounted prices Radio South Batteries 500 ma Pack 48V1100 Futabaconn1350 800 ma Pack 48V1950 Futaba conn2275 1200 ma Pack 48V2100 Futaba conn2425 TX batt Futaba 6-Series PCM2450 0 Featuring fast service ~O ified people latest equipment including a___ SPECTRUMANALYZER Orders COD MC American Express OPEN 8-5 CST kPrices subject change notice m....... 43 West Nine Mile Rd Pensacola FL 32514 FREQUENCY CONVERSIONS AMA Frequency Cominmee Approved stock Futaba JR radios YS engines parts Hatori headers pipes Repair Heli Sets Gyros 904 478-6745 someone else has already done hard work may may pre covered Often theres little distinguish model built yourself Mass-produced plastic foam models will call closer scrutiny Im still looking far havent found falls within parameters primary trainer few though come very close qualify ing lower range basic trainers have high-lift airfoil word advice lone eagles going have manage structor Youre going need study up piloting before first flightwhether have chosen worlds easiest primary trainer Proper trimming key well-trimmed primary trainer will quite nicely fly itself land itself out manipulations Having experi enced pilot perform first-flight trimming will comfort have drive day find him Crooked models fly crookedly tolerances much smaller available fullscale builders course can choose test glide model instead trial error method used pioneer RCers Since lacked modern convenience trim levers transmitters simply aimed model some tall grass about 50 ft away engine off gave toss glide wasnt perfect could make necessary adjustments ground won t have go alone hope thought has crossed mind now Since will have structor available have have primary trainer However wouldnt crease chances success well de crease time before am turned loose solo avoid difficult ad vanced trainers also basic trainers Right Thats what recommend sake instructor time well own sake However primary trainer upper-range ultra-easy models possible things will little too easy case would prudent before advance ship dreams go next basic trainerany basic trainer course no ones pressur ing advance hobby youre perfectly happy first airplane thousands RCers return relaxing models after getting taste guided missiles want pro gress however intermediate stop over step gives all-important experi ence faster responsive de manding aircraft say will need service instruc tor again have watched transition made difficulty Theres no harm playing safe though wish Continued page 160 Easily filled sand shot up 5 pounds Five 4x6 bags per package * conforms curvatures Complete instructions Add $100 shipping k IrU L'A w& u.m III i Worlds Most Useful Sanding Blocks 05 55 s13/4R a3/s 05 106 290vs w/5/83/s & 9tV Cornho package #2 05 101GS 104105106 1/4 & 3/8 05102 05103 Add $200 Shipping 1/2 & 5/5 3/4 &iRoundsCS 200 PKG Comhopackage#1 9nn $200 Add $200 ShippingSquares ..GS 300 PKG Wt4ssu Six Pack Combo $20O 101-106 395*1/2Shipping $300 Shipping Single GS ........ 5595* Shipping long lasting q\j~v silicon carbide gritgAll blocks sides V#oinInu 10 Lone ne Covers Oust dirt among en gines worst enemies can greatly reduce life prized powerplantsl So complete modeling acces sories ordering set MODEL fOX yll protect engines save moneyl Order Yours Today Catalog NoSize 11011/JA thru 25 engines J10240 thro 60 engines 110360 thru 120 engines J104 ras&Up Add $100 shipping Price $200 $250 $300 $350 December1988 61 Heavy duty k weight bags Building Covering Easily secured model seconds Transporting Fuelproof stretch fabric conforms engine/ muffler shapes & Field Long life Velcro fasteners Attractive assorted colors Tie-Down WT i IS] t1 d 4 01 t W 5 xperience GREAT PERFORMANCE SPAN 76 EXTRA 230 WING AREA 900 sq ins ZLIN 526 SPAN 72 ins WING AREA 900 sq ins series Sport Scale Balsa ARF Air planes 140-4 cycle equivalent motors Happy Holidays Available direct select hobby shops gL ZIMPRO MARKETINO Ia PO BOX 3076 OAK RIDGE TN 37830 PHONE 615-4826188 CrMr GO-SINUSI HIlls1gm lflm 4 Anderson nnoea Power PrndectSIflt Only certded checks money orders occeated Minimoer Order $10 DJ three packages 4 Powerooles {5300 per package $1 ping handong CT residents add 70% sales tao Prices sobecr focharrge wirtroar norica DUALSA INQUIRISS INVITUD farther inforrnatioe dealer prices seed SASE Rosiness Card SERMOS RIC SNAP CONNECTORS Cedar Coxes & Box 16787 Stamfd CT 9h 203322-6294 L BUILDING 7ERVICE RAD#O CONTIOL PRODUCTS carry full line Byron Originals Bob Parkerson Tom Cook Bob Violet products COD Orders Accepted 718 983-9735 128 WATCHOGUE ROAD EN BLAND 8 NY 10314 DejaVu521 96th Lo. NE NapairBlame MN 55434 Doug Brueshabers designs yalties Dougs Widow Rinets313 848-8195 Latsha Al Special ME- 109 Polkerts312 339-9541 Malney Models Kenin Matney 11325 Harold Dr Luna Pier MI 48157 lies DeYoang 16627 Dobson Soatls Holland IL 60473 P-39/P-63Greg Doe 407 Pony Dr Smyrna TN 37167 NapairCalifornia Speed Pros L Larson 32221 Alipaz 515 San Juan Capistrano CA 92675 PolekiltyGail Jacobson 2205 Britely Terr College Park GA 30349 P-SIDaane Gall 1250 Asbaty P1 Lakeseood CG 80228 See next month Trainers/Waterman Continued page 61 RCers consider advanced trainers intermediate trainers view incorrect Flying basic ad vanced trainer constitutes intermediate phase After mastering basic trainer see no need whatsoever move up ad vanced trainer unless competition flying goal dream ship sport aircraft will no difficult fly ad vanced trainer watch wing load ing other parameters Ive de scribed have flown contest-caliber Scale aircraft just tractable some trainers although low-wing models fact once successfully used Sopwith Pup biplane trainerit day young man visited field expressed interest learning fly course particular biplane much easier fly aerobatic type secondary aeronautical advantages mentioned earlier have sparked degree controversysome RC pilots give importance others aux iliary considerations deserve fuller evalua tion space limits us just per functory review Should beginners use three channels steer rudder four channels ai leron steering Three-channel models easier build fly student has help building flying differences arent significant enough exclude four-channel option Lone eagles will have consult intuition concerning per sonal limitations adeptness question tricycle landing gear versus conventional tail-draggers again arent substantial differences between two 1 usually suggest trike gear paved field available tail-dragger option grass field third point de bate pros cons using upperrange engine versus intermediate lower-range decisions have made relatively minor importance Fo cus attention Big Five aeronauti cal factors make sure trainer corporates Youll assured pleasant discouragement-free start wonderful world RC model airplanes About author Jim Watennan au 615 439-6845thor Ease-of-Flying Ratings RIC Train ers guide based extensive testing 714 661-7430Nthe available trainers publication 714 542-3221Dthe reader will find reconunendations spe CIfiC trainers additional infonnation send pre-addressed stamped envelope 404 763-0361to Jim Waterman 3818 Deerfield Dr San Antonio 7X 78218 303 969-9527 CL Scale/Boss Continued page 62 Please note lathe Catalog No 9 HT 6655C catalog-order-only item catalog effectivity extends through January 31 1989 try order after time best check latest Sears catalog first last helpful hint suggestion can use 35mm cameras obtaining pictures needed color detail documentation Scale model presentations Sometimes need picture two complete models Scale presentations uncom mon someone go out buy book has required information proceed remove required photos data book thereby destroying Dennis suggests us own 35mm single-lens reflex cameraor know friend has camera roll color film can answer obtaining photos books magazines etc destroying sometimes can take pictures needed photos library books friends book magazine pages own library aviation documentation Dennis did specify particular camera 35mm cameras own market today allow get reasonably close subject stay focus Most also have built-in flash units elimi nate lighting problems might know someone has have yourself cam era has macro focusing feature al lows focus objects inches tween camera object being photo graphed macro feature allows better control over framing object within cameras viewfinder thus creating larger object negative better picture reproduction Dennis also suggested taking pic tures good idea try different exposure set tings helps have something picture will reproduce skin tones ie finger tips Having skin tones picture will allow judge color fidelity prints will also allow go back printer color adjustment might example too much red pictureand Dennis also noted preference color print re production Kodak processing Address correction August column men tioned Scale Model Research source photo three-view documentation provided old address correct address Scale Model Research 2334 Ticonderoga Way Co sta Mesa CA 92626 Please send ideas comments especially pho tos CL Scale activity address listed 160 Model Aviation
Edition: Model Aviation - 1988/12
Page Numbers: 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 160
RO TRAINERS designation trainer signed scads model airplanes author has discovered created equal some ways de termine right EJim Waterman SURPRISINGLY ENOUGH can find fliers involvement Radio Control model airplanes goes back 30 years yet seem unaware RC trainers fall three quite different types classes pri mary basic advanced Theres wide spread tendency overgeneralize about beginners airplanes trainer trainer attitude shows up just among general participants hobby industry RC media well Some take viewpoint ex treme Anything side Pattern ship has high wing trainer oversimplification about trainers has detrimental morale pocket books RC beginnersand has increased attrition rate within group just few beginners make ostensibly entry-level purchase recommended club flying site hobby shop through magazine advertisements reality above skill leveland wonder cant fly will behoove beginner aware existence three trainer classes determined skill levels required pilot also classes subdi vided high medium low range As doesnt complicate matters enough neophyte trainer performs further influenced its built set up modeler can take two identical sister ships through overpowering incorrect center-of-gravity CG incorrect control throws improper building aligaing make tame other quite wild such plethora levels choices variables its perhaps understandable RCers fall back trainer trainer attitude though over simplification has proven disastrous 56 Model Aviation Anyone says biplanes hard fly has never flown Proctors big Antic bipe model gentle Old-Timer takes considerable time patience build quick look wing saddle easiest way determine type airfoii used wing straight line saddle leaves no doubt model uses flat-bottom wing Jim says Prairie Bird 50 isnt quite large hed like primary trainer very easy fly due its light weight polyhedral wing high-lift airfoil modest power high percentage would-be fliers words warning arent intended scare off prospective RC beginner thoughts entering hobby contrary aim give infor mation tools youll need practically guarantee comparatively easy initiation RC flying provided youre willing patient careful model builder Its important recognize RC models fact real airplanes just toys can buy Saturday fly Sunday time spent workbench will compensated time saved learning flyin addition sparing disappointment financial loss wont greatly please arent too keen building its general rule thumb longer building time quicker soloing no aeronautical secrets thing am about tell has published various books magazines over good yearsand has con firmed practice Yet talk av erage flier dealer about desirable charac teristics trainer high-wing configu ration oaly can count mentioning First lets capsulize five musts essentials effective RC trainer airplane must have high-wing cabintype configuration shoulder-wing least must large car workbench can accommodate must light structurally feasible must have high-lift airfoil Finally must have dihe dral plus long tail moment distance wing tail surfaces Ualess plane possesses five characteris tics its going easy-flying pri mary basic trainer will touch sec ondary advantages later former school teacher know futility merely saying must should ac companying explanations High-wing configuration concentra tion weight below wing pendu lum effect gives high-wing designs add ed stability Stability means should able completely release transmitter controls expect model fly quite nicely its own Barring unexpected wind gusts assuming model has cor rectly built trimmed airplane can also expected right itself following turn Dihedral upward sweep incline wings center joint poly hedral will also improve stability Whether favor realistic horizon tally fiat wings esthetic appeal sta bility must beginnersand the better Large size Im well aware might inclined toward smaller mod els entry RC Youre naturally reluctant spend much money until see hobby takes strong hold think will understand its erroneous caution will probably doom new venture short life December 1988 57 Would rather lose $50 airplane day have $150 investment might last indefinitely Little airplanes usu ally flit around sky like nervous butter flies calling very sharp reactions eyesight part Large airplanes sedate docile forgiving will fly relatively slower respond gently control input Theyre also considerably easier see sky Youd surprised easy become disori ented especially failed color wing something bright like yellow An other bonus large models less authors Acro Star acrobatic biplane much too demanding beginners because its speed symmetrical airfoil small size lack dihedral less-than-favorable wing loading Advanced trainers such often incorporate shoulder-wing configurations along semi-symmetrical airfoils Theyre great windy conditions learning aerobatics beginner forced try learn fly aid instructor Old-Timer Free Flight models converted RC make great primary trainers Generous dihedral light weight ensures good flying Stick construction can tough beginner though likely behave unpredictably wind gusty large large enough about airplane 100-in wingspan Yes know youre quite ready trade economy car long-bed pickup van station wagon may have compromise can count having flight instructor 50-in wingspan ab solute minimum opinion dont have luxury teacher raise figure 70 depend ing five precepts under discussion included model Light weight doesnt take degree aeronautical engineering understand principle heavier airplanes must fly faster lighter ones order stay air borne automatically removes heavy airplanes ranks acceptable train ers doesnt necessarily expel ranks advanced trainers however cause extra weight might less hin drance student whos acquired some skills its latter group way advanced trainers intended notwithstanding observation some experienced RCers arent averse using teaching raw beginner want slow airplane first learning fly course Without theres good chance might never solo best training period would unreasonably protracted finding patient available instruc tors becoming harder year thanks large number beginners instead taking time glue together cobweb little sticks old-fashioned way showing up quick-building difficultto-fly trainers Finding time build light really just matter setting ones priorities Admittedly everyone gets kind plea sure building creating traveling friend can take building board motel rooms him suggests kinds possibilities simplest ways discern tween light heavy models compare engine requirements Everything else being equal lighter model will modestly powered heavier will obvi ously have greater power requirement Thatll give rough estimate precise determination youll need some calculations estimate wing load ing Ready pencil note pad copy following formula arriving models wing loadinga method will remove doubt Wing loading determined taking wing area inches span times chord dividing figure 144 get square feet weight model con verted pounds ounces 16 oz per lb Divide total ounces square footage get ounces per square foot ozIsq ft dont want have buy build model buy expensive set scales before knowing its weight wing area Often figures will shown kit box catalog advertisement minimum maximum weight shown choose higher figure beginners tend build models too heavy Once manufacturers will have al ready calculated wing loading will gladly display world see likely wing area prototypes weight will shown Get out handy pocket calculator take neither weight nor wing area shown will always other trainers consider Okay have found prospective trainer have calculated its wing load ing So now what figure doesnt mean anything does Thats because its comparative measurement group trainers youd have math airplane see lightest 58 Model Aviation Another modern Old-Timer Kadet Senorita look through covering shows what makes model light slow importance light wing loading cant stressed enough ne powered Glider compares favorably Old-Timer models comes ease flying both types limited oper ating calm very mild wind conditions tell-tale wing saddle model indicates has either semi-symmetrical sym metrical wing Using either wings qualifies advanced trainer category four general types airfoils likely encounter A-D descending order amount lift generate ascending order models flying speed wing loading Fortunately dont have Ive already performed hard work Evaluating popular available trainers has practically become avocation desire begin ner s advocate Although following fig ures arent found aeronautical text books Im familiar hence dont have stamp approval experts field outcome consid erable study RC trainers easeof-flying qualities Have note pad pencil ready again First wing loading figure youve calculated greater 20 ozIsq ft would best pass up particular mod el because will fly too fast begin ners ualess blessed unusually sharp reflexes wont have benefit instructor lower maximum fig ure 15 16 ozIsq ft want trainer grandma can fly drop down further under 12 13 oz/sq ft Youll have no trouble finding excellent trainers well under 12 ozIsq ft range also perfect preadolescent whos ready first flying les sons However other variables con sider maximum wing loading figures quoted above based popular 60in wingspanand presuppose youre using size larger model safer nudge figures upwards because small wings generate less lift per square inch large ones model youre considering has wingspan over 60 can allow somewhat generous wing loading other hand air plane designer happened have hot dog aerobatic predilections failed pro vide wing high-lift airfoil figures would have moved down wards leads us important considerations airfoil Airfoil high-lift airfoil enables air plane fly slowly stalling does its low-lift counterpart Any air plane will stall insufficient speed high-lift airfoil allows reduce speed lowest threshold possible es sential effective trainer first airplane dont want compromise dont want dual-purpose hybrid trainer aerobatic performer Any thoughts aerobatic potential should wait till youve mastered basics want everything possible working behalf suc cessful start RC else being equal high-lift airfoil will allow fly slowly also use smaller economical engine respect latter doesnt take much get ideal trainer airborne Under good conditions Glider can flown hours engine Shown accompanying drawing four basic types airfoils ranging high lift low Because building covering structural problems pre sents very few models take advantage Continued page 60 WASHINGTONS AMA BASE cup/e per night Free Parking Cars Free Full Breakfasts Free Metropass Sat Sun Free Harrington Hawk Cafeteria Sandwich Shop & Cafe Check day Minimum stay 2 nzghts ceicm#n-W $~I *AMA 11th & E Streets NW Washington DC 20004 7I1iY MEMBER RATE 1-800-424-8532 202-628-8140 Tax nor included NEWDrill Jig Motor Mounts 40 Ask ii hobby shop HAL PAYNE ENTERPRISES 1928 Gladwlck St Compton CA 90220 213 537 2958 Fits mount up fo 3 wide last have found reliable way drill & tap engine mounts Simply clamp moont firewall Insert pins drop engine down pinsSlide guides around denied ongine locOtion Dill holeS tfrouah hardened guides Moon goides aside top holes Supports ae wood avoid deflection dills tap breakage Heat teated steel guides ae included 4-45 8-32 holes Additional support block included fo perfect holes hand drill 29 Satisfaction money back order direct add $250 shipping charges DEALERS l Jigs now being distributed G4 SMIITh 535 W8UZZ87550 Sun Guhrnl Scud cadero CA 03422 086-1717 December 198859 US CoJl NatmalAr 0 Spur Muwun nurcru Gutnry otN uruucntrw Onon Occur uCmO U U Siuco 8975AVAILABLE AT AMERICAS8525 FINEST HOBBY SHOPS DISTRIBUTED BY Name Street Address City StateZip HOWW RNATIONAL INCO superior lift provided undercam bered airfoil Wright brothers ever would never have made history Flyer such airfoil essential underpowered en gine flat-bottomed airfoil easy build cover can also quite strong Since comes reasonably close being good second choice will found majority RC trainers well sport aircraft designed competi tion aerobatics maximum wind penetra tion Later RC career may wish advance aerobatics semisymmetrical symmetrical airfoils come element Neither type ac ceptable primary trainer semisym metrical airfoil will occasionally found lower-range basic trainer latter happens have lot other things going synunetrical airfoil stricfly advanced aircraft Advertisements rarely identify trainer class some specify airfoil used own Fortunately studying picture model will usually reveal necessary clues wing saddle has downward sweep curve airfoil obviously flat-bottomed high-lift lack itself has caused fledgling RCers downfall should airplane happen possess combined disadvantages both too much weight low-lift airfoil yes Im afraid such trainers exist its rare neophyte could learn solo Ex tremely adept student pilots have occasion ally proved exception usually under close prolonged instruction Primary basic advanced trainers five keys identifying easy-tofly trainerlarge size light weight high wing high-lift airfoil generous dihe dral polyhedral combined long tail momentfirmly mind beginner still needs guidance differentiating among three broad categories trainers Unfortu nately no definitive guidelines avail able arent really clear-cut lines demarcation among primary basic advanced types characteristics overlap class blurs next distinctions become ambiguous debat able instructors full-scale aircraft complete agreement regarding classification aeronautical charac teristics become quite close upperrange basic trainers might called primary trainers some lower-range pri mary trainers might called basic trainers others mans pussycat can another mans tiger useful distinction can give because incorporates five easy-flying features and/or greater degree does basic trainer primary trainer class lone eagle can hope solo instruc tors assistance Due combination factorssmaller size easy building fea tures semi-aerobatic characteristicsa basic trainer will substantially diffi cult fly RC student li censed full-scale pilot instructor man datory class trainer Generally advanced trainer can identified easily enough its low-lift airfoil can take symmetrical airfoil give huge wing generous dihedral light airframe literally force fit basic trainer category unlikely will stumble across such juxtapo sition However sometimes model would otherwise belong basic cate gory can slipped back primary camp adding few little niceties such wing tip washout turbulator spars lifting stab stabilizer airfoil shape rather just flat surface provided too much weight added sake quick-building design short find model incorporates five key factors have pri mary trainer exemplified larger powered Gliders larger Old-Timers Free Flight models converted Radio Con trol upper-range primary train ers means theyre consummately easy flybut definitely quick build Trainers minor compromises little versatility would midrange primary trainers Senior Telemaster Kadet Senior fit category bit compromise case size would mid- lower-range primary trainers exemplified Kadet Senior ita Telemaster 40 Just making un der wire lower-range primary would smaller Old-Timer types like Prairie Bird 50 powered Gliders such Ace High MK II sacrifice lightness expedite building process majority available trainers fall basic category principal cri teria identifying basic trainers have al ready outlined addition trainers category usually conventional balsa balsa-and-Lite-Ply models slab sided variety Generally tail sur faces solid rather built-up will sometimes show compromise both size weight Basic trainers have highlift airfoil however Usually extra weight basic trainer associated expediting building time some cases its intended make model crash resistant consider mis guided self-defeating reasoning Light weight models less likely crash also crash less velocity Inevitably Im going hearing readers wholl write say havent mentioned ARFs Let forestall objection have mentioned ARFs havent done explicitlyand good reason unitiated ARF stands almost ready fly However AREs ARFs pilot has already won solo wings basic trainer ARE models have place beginner must extra watchful regarding wing loading desirable AREs simply con ventionally built wood airplanes 60 Model Aviation ZMA RADIO SOUTH -Th AUTHORIZED SERVICE CENTER Call Sam Leonard Tony Stiliman custom work competition needs stock complete hobby line specializing competition accessoriesall discounted prices Radio South Batteries 500 ma Pack 48V1100 Futabaconn1350 800 ma Pack 48V1950 Futaba conn2275 1200 ma Pack 48V2100 Futaba conn2425 TX batt Futaba 6-Series PCM2450 0 Featuring fast service ~O ified people latest equipment including a___ SPECTRUMANALYZER Orders COD MC American Express OPEN 8-5 CST kPrices subject change notice m....... 43 West Nine Mile Rd Pensacola FL 32514 FREQUENCY CONVERSIONS AMA Frequency Cominmee Approved stock Futaba JR radios YS engines parts Hatori headers pipes Repair Heli Sets Gyros 904 478-6745 someone else has already done hard work may may pre covered Often theres little distinguish model built yourself Mass-produced plastic foam models will call closer scrutiny Im still looking far havent found falls within parameters primary trainer few though come very close qualify ing lower range basic trainers have high-lift airfoil word advice lone eagles going have manage structor Youre going need study up piloting before first flightwhether have chosen worlds easiest primary trainer Proper trimming key well-trimmed primary trainer will quite nicely fly itself land itself out manipulations Having experi enced pilot perform first-flight trimming will comfort have drive day find him Crooked models fly crookedly tolerances much smaller available fullscale builders course can choose test glide model instead trial error method used pioneer RCers Since lacked modern convenience trim levers transmitters simply aimed model some tall grass about 50 ft away engine off gave toss glide wasnt perfect could make necessary adjustments ground won t have go alone hope thought has crossed mind now Since will have structor available have have primary trainer However wouldnt crease chances success well de crease time before am turned loose solo avoid difficult ad vanced trainers also basic trainers Right Thats what recommend sake instructor time well own sake However primary trainer upper-range ultra-easy models possible things will little too easy case would prudent before advance ship dreams go next basic trainerany basic trainer course no ones pressur ing advance hobby youre perfectly happy first airplane thousands RCers return relaxing models after getting taste guided missiles want pro gress however intermediate stop over step gives all-important experi ence faster responsive de manding aircraft say will need service instruc tor again have watched transition made difficulty Theres no harm playing safe though wish Continued page 160 Easily filled sand shot up 5 pounds Five 4x6 bags per package * conforms curvatures Complete instructions Add $100 shipping k IrU L'A w& u.m III i Worlds Most Useful Sanding Blocks 05 55 s13/4R a3/s 05 106 290vs w/5/83/s & 9tV Cornho package #2 05 101GS 104105106 1/4 & 3/8 05102 05103 Add $200 Shipping 1/2 & 5/5 3/4 &iRoundsCS 200 PKG Comhopackage#1 9nn $200 Add $200 ShippingSquares ..GS 300 PKG Wt4ssu Six Pack Combo $20O 101-106 395*1/2Shipping $300 Shipping Single GS ........ 5595* Shipping long lasting q\j~v silicon carbide gritgAll blocks sides V#oinInu 10 Lone ne Covers Oust dirt among en gines worst enemies can greatly reduce life prized powerplantsl So complete modeling acces sories ordering set MODEL fOX yll protect engines save moneyl Order Yours Today Catalog NoSize 11011/JA thru 25 engines J10240 thro 60 engines 110360 thru 120 engines J104 ras&Up Add $100 shipping Price $200 $250 $300 $350 December1988 61 Heavy duty k weight bags Building Covering Easily secured model seconds Transporting Fuelproof stretch fabric conforms engine/ muffler shapes & Field Long life Velcro fasteners Attractive assorted colors Tie-Down WT i IS] t1 d 4 01 t W 5 xperience GREAT PERFORMANCE SPAN 76 EXTRA 230 WING AREA 900 sq ins ZLIN 526 SPAN 72 ins WING AREA 900 sq ins series Sport Scale Balsa ARF Air planes 140-4 cycle equivalent motors Happy Holidays Available direct select hobby shops gL ZIMPRO MARKETINO Ia PO BOX 3076 OAK RIDGE TN 37830 PHONE 615-4826188 CrMr GO-SINUSI HIlls1gm lflm 4 Anderson nnoea Power PrndectSIflt Only certded checks money orders occeated Minimoer Order $10 DJ three packages 4 Powerooles {5300 per package $1 ping handong CT residents add 70% sales tao Prices sobecr focharrge wirtroar norica DUALSA INQUIRISS INVITUD farther inforrnatioe dealer prices seed SASE Rosiness Card SERMOS RIC SNAP CONNECTORS Cedar Coxes & Box 16787 Stamfd CT 9h 203322-6294 L BUILDING 7ERVICE RAD#O CONTIOL PRODUCTS carry full line Byron Originals Bob Parkerson Tom Cook Bob Violet products COD Orders Accepted 718 983-9735 128 WATCHOGUE ROAD EN BLAND 8 NY 10314 DejaVu521 96th Lo. NE NapairBlame MN 55434 Doug Brueshabers designs yalties Dougs Widow Rinets313 848-8195 Latsha Al Special ME- 109 Polkerts312 339-9541 Malney Models Kenin Matney 11325 Harold Dr Luna Pier MI 48157 lies DeYoang 16627 Dobson Soatls Holland IL 60473 P-39/P-63Greg Doe 407 Pony Dr Smyrna TN 37167 NapairCalifornia Speed Pros L Larson 32221 Alipaz 515 San Juan Capistrano CA 92675 PolekiltyGail Jacobson 2205 Britely Terr College Park GA 30349 P-SIDaane Gall 1250 Asbaty P1 Lakeseood CG 80228 See next month Trainers/Waterman Continued page 61 RCers consider advanced trainers intermediate trainers view incorrect Flying basic ad vanced trainer constitutes intermediate phase After mastering basic trainer see no need whatsoever move up ad vanced trainer unless competition flying goal dream ship sport aircraft will no difficult fly ad vanced trainer watch wing load ing other parameters Ive de scribed have flown contest-caliber Scale aircraft just tractable some trainers although low-wing models fact once successfully used Sopwith Pup biplane trainerit day young man visited field expressed interest learning fly course particular biplane much easier fly aerobatic type secondary aeronautical advantages mentioned earlier have sparked degree controversysome RC pilots give importance others aux iliary considerations deserve fuller evalua tion space limits us just per functory review Should beginners use three channels steer rudder four channels ai leron steering Three-channel models easier build fly student has help building flying differences arent significant enough exclude four-channel option Lone eagles will have consult intuition concerning per sonal limitations adeptness question tricycle landing gear versus conventional tail-draggers again arent substantial differences between two 1 usually suggest trike gear paved field available tail-dragger option grass field third point de bate pros cons using upperrange engine versus intermediate lower-range decisions have made relatively minor importance Fo cus attention Big Five aeronauti cal factors make sure trainer corporates Youll assured pleasant discouragement-free start wonderful world RC model airplanes About author Jim Watennan au 615 439-6845thor Ease-of-Flying Ratings RIC Train ers guide based extensive testing 714 661-7430Nthe available trainers publication 714 542-3221Dthe reader will find reconunendations spe CIfiC trainers additional infonnation send pre-addressed stamped envelope 404 763-0361to Jim Waterman 3818 Deerfield Dr San Antonio 7X 78218 303 969-9527 CL Scale/Boss Continued page 62 Please note lathe Catalog No 9 HT 6655C catalog-order-only item catalog effectivity extends through January 31 1989 try order after time best check latest Sears catalog first last helpful hint suggestion can use 35mm cameras obtaining pictures needed color detail documentation Scale model presentations Sometimes need picture two complete models Scale presentations uncom mon someone go out buy book has required information proceed remove required photos data book thereby destroying Dennis suggests us own 35mm single-lens reflex cameraor know friend has camera roll color film can answer obtaining photos books magazines etc destroying sometimes can take pictures needed photos library books friends book magazine pages own library aviation documentation Dennis did specify particular camera 35mm cameras own market today allow get reasonably close subject stay focus Most also have built-in flash units elimi nate lighting problems might know someone has have yourself cam era has macro focusing feature al lows focus objects inches tween camera object being photo graphed macro feature allows better control over framing object within cameras viewfinder thus creating larger object negative better picture reproduction Dennis also suggested taking pic tures good idea try different exposure set tings helps have something picture will reproduce skin tones ie finger tips Having skin tones picture will allow judge color fidelity prints will also allow go back printer color adjustment might example too much red pictureand Dennis also noted preference color print re production Kodak processing Address correction August column men tioned Scale Model Research source photo three-view documentation provided old address correct address Scale Model Research 2334 Ticonderoga Way Co sta Mesa CA 92626 Please send ideas comments especially pho tos CL Scale activity address listed 160 Model Aviation
Edition: Model Aviation - 1988/12
Page Numbers: 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 160
RO TRAINERS designation trainer signed scads model airplanes author has discovered created equal some ways de termine right EJim Waterman SURPRISINGLY ENOUGH can find fliers involvement Radio Control model airplanes goes back 30 years yet seem unaware RC trainers fall three quite different types classes pri mary basic advanced Theres wide spread tendency overgeneralize about beginners airplanes trainer trainer attitude shows up just among general participants hobby industry RC media well Some take viewpoint ex treme Anything side Pattern ship has high wing trainer oversimplification about trainers has detrimental morale pocket books RC beginnersand has increased attrition rate within group just few beginners make ostensibly entry-level purchase recommended club flying site hobby shop through magazine advertisements reality above skill leveland wonder cant fly will behoove beginner aware existence three trainer classes determined skill levels required pilot also classes subdi vided high medium low range As doesnt complicate matters enough neophyte trainer performs further influenced its built set up modeler can take two identical sister ships through overpowering incorrect center-of-gravity CG incorrect control throws improper building aligaing make tame other quite wild such plethora levels choices variables its perhaps understandable RCers fall back trainer trainer attitude though over simplification has proven disastrous 56 Model Aviation Anyone says biplanes hard fly has never flown Proctors big Antic bipe model gentle Old-Timer takes considerable time patience build quick look wing saddle easiest way determine type airfoii used wing straight line saddle leaves no doubt model uses flat-bottom wing Jim says Prairie Bird 50 isnt quite large hed like primary trainer very easy fly due its light weight polyhedral wing high-lift airfoil modest power high percentage would-be fliers words warning arent intended scare off prospective RC beginner thoughts entering hobby contrary aim give infor mation tools youll need practically guarantee comparatively easy initiation RC flying provided youre willing patient careful model builder Its important recognize RC models fact real airplanes just toys can buy Saturday fly Sunday time spent workbench will compensated time saved learning flyin addition sparing disappointment financial loss wont greatly please arent too keen building its general rule thumb longer building time quicker soloing no aeronautical secrets thing am about tell has published various books magazines over good yearsand has con firmed practice Yet talk av erage flier dealer about desirable charac teristics trainer high-wing configu ration oaly can count mentioning First lets capsulize five musts essentials effective RC trainer airplane must have high-wing cabintype configuration shoulder-wing least must large car workbench can accommodate must light structurally feasible must have high-lift airfoil Finally must have dihe dral plus long tail moment distance wing tail surfaces Ualess plane possesses five characteris tics its going easy-flying pri mary basic trainer will touch sec ondary advantages later former school teacher know futility merely saying must should ac companying explanations High-wing configuration concentra tion weight below wing pendu lum effect gives high-wing designs add ed stability Stability means should able completely release transmitter controls expect model fly quite nicely its own Barring unexpected wind gusts assuming model has cor rectly built trimmed airplane can also expected right itself following turn Dihedral upward sweep incline wings center joint poly hedral will also improve stability Whether favor realistic horizon tally fiat wings esthetic appeal sta bility must beginnersand the better Large size Im well aware might inclined toward smaller mod els entry RC Youre naturally reluctant spend much money until see hobby takes strong hold think will understand its erroneous caution will probably doom new venture short life December 1988 57 Would rather lose $50 airplane day have $150 investment might last indefinitely Little airplanes usu ally flit around sky like nervous butter flies calling very sharp reactions eyesight part Large airplanes sedate docile forgiving will fly relatively slower respond gently control input Theyre also considerably easier see sky Youd surprised easy become disori ented especially failed color wing something bright like yellow An other bonus large models less authors Acro Star acrobatic biplane much too demanding beginners because its speed symmetrical airfoil small size lack dihedral less-than-favorable wing loading Advanced trainers such often incorporate shoulder-wing configurations along semi-symmetrical airfoils Theyre great windy conditions learning aerobatics beginner forced try learn fly aid instructor Old-Timer Free Flight models converted RC make great primary trainers Generous dihedral light weight ensures good flying Stick construction can tough beginner though likely behave unpredictably wind gusty large large enough about airplane 100-in wingspan Yes know youre quite ready trade economy car long-bed pickup van station wagon may have compromise can count having flight instructor 50-in wingspan ab solute minimum opinion dont have luxury teacher raise figure 70 depend ing five precepts under discussion included model Light weight doesnt take degree aeronautical engineering understand principle heavier airplanes must fly faster lighter ones order stay air borne automatically removes heavy airplanes ranks acceptable train ers doesnt necessarily expel ranks advanced trainers however cause extra weight might less hin drance student whos acquired some skills its latter group way advanced trainers intended notwithstanding observation some experienced RCers arent averse using teaching raw beginner want slow airplane first learning fly course Without theres good chance might never solo best training period would unreasonably protracted finding patient available instruc tors becoming harder year thanks large number beginners instead taking time glue together cobweb little sticks old-fashioned way showing up quick-building difficultto-fly trainers Finding time build light really just matter setting ones priorities Admittedly everyone gets kind plea sure building creating traveling friend can take building board motel rooms him suggests kinds possibilities simplest ways discern tween light heavy models compare engine requirements Everything else being equal lighter model will modestly powered heavier will obvi ously have greater power requirement Thatll give rough estimate precise determination youll need some calculations estimate wing load ing Ready pencil note pad copy following formula arriving models wing loadinga method will remove doubt Wing loading determined taking wing area inches span times chord dividing figure 144 get square feet weight model con verted pounds ounces 16 oz per lb Divide total ounces square footage get ounces per square foot ozIsq ft dont want have buy build model buy expensive set scales before knowing its weight wing area Often figures will shown kit box catalog advertisement minimum maximum weight shown choose higher figure beginners tend build models too heavy Once manufacturers will have al ready calculated wing loading will gladly display world see likely wing area prototypes weight will shown Get out handy pocket calculator take neither weight nor wing area shown will always other trainers consider Okay have found prospective trainer have calculated its wing load ing So now what figure doesnt mean anything does Thats because its comparative measurement group trainers youd have math airplane see lightest 58 Model Aviation Another modern Old-Timer Kadet Senorita look through covering shows what makes model light slow importance light wing loading cant stressed enough ne powered Glider compares favorably Old-Timer models comes ease flying both types limited oper ating calm very mild wind conditions tell-tale wing saddle model indicates has either semi-symmetrical sym metrical wing Using either wings qualifies advanced trainer category four general types airfoils likely encounter A-D descending order amount lift generate ascending order models flying speed wing loading Fortunately dont have Ive already performed hard work Evaluating popular available trainers has practically become avocation desire begin ner s advocate Although following fig ures arent found aeronautical text books Im familiar hence dont have stamp approval experts field outcome consid erable study RC trainers easeof-flying qualities Have note pad pencil ready again First wing loading figure youve calculated greater 20 ozIsq ft would best pass up particular mod el because will fly too fast begin ners ualess blessed unusually sharp reflexes wont have benefit instructor lower maximum fig ure 15 16 ozIsq ft want trainer grandma can fly drop down further under 12 13 oz/sq ft Youll have no trouble finding excellent trainers well under 12 ozIsq ft range also perfect preadolescent whos ready first flying les sons However other variables con sider maximum wing loading figures quoted above based popular 60in wingspanand presuppose youre using size larger model safer nudge figures upwards because small wings generate less lift per square inch large ones model youre considering has wingspan over 60 can allow somewhat generous wing loading other hand air plane designer happened have hot dog aerobatic predilections failed pro vide wing high-lift airfoil figures would have moved down wards leads us important considerations airfoil Airfoil high-lift airfoil enables air plane fly slowly stalling does its low-lift counterpart Any air plane will stall insufficient speed high-lift airfoil allows reduce speed lowest threshold possible es sential effective trainer first airplane dont want compromise dont want dual-purpose hybrid trainer aerobatic performer Any thoughts aerobatic potential should wait till youve mastered basics want everything possible working behalf suc cessful start RC else being equal high-lift airfoil will allow fly slowly also use smaller economical engine respect latter doesnt take much get ideal trainer airborne Under good conditions Glider can flown hours engine Shown accompanying drawing four basic types airfoils ranging high lift low Because building covering structural problems pre sents very few models take advantage Continued page 60 WASHINGTONS AMA BASE cup/e per night Free Parking Cars Free Full Breakfasts Free Metropass Sat Sun Free Harrington Hawk Cafeteria Sandwich Shop & Cafe Check day Minimum stay 2 nzghts ceicm#n-W $~I *AMA 11th & E Streets NW Washington DC 20004 7I1iY MEMBER RATE 1-800-424-8532 202-628-8140 Tax nor included NEWDrill Jig Motor Mounts 40 Ask ii hobby shop HAL PAYNE ENTERPRISES 1928 Gladwlck St Compton CA 90220 213 537 2958 Fits mount up fo 3 wide last have found reliable way drill & tap engine mounts Simply clamp moont firewall Insert pins drop engine down pinsSlide guides around denied ongine locOtion Dill holeS tfrouah hardened guides Moon goides aside top holes Supports ae wood avoid deflection dills tap breakage Heat teated steel guides ae included 4-45 8-32 holes Additional support block included fo perfect holes hand drill 29 Satisfaction money back order direct add $250 shipping charges DEALERS l Jigs now being distributed G4 SMIITh 535 W8UZZ87550 Sun Guhrnl Scud cadero CA 03422 086-1717 December 198859 US CoJl NatmalAr 0 Spur Muwun nurcru Gutnry otN uruucntrw Onon Occur uCmO U U Siuco 8975AVAILABLE AT AMERICAS8525 FINEST HOBBY SHOPS DISTRIBUTED BY Name Street Address City StateZip HOWW RNATIONAL INCO superior lift provided undercam bered airfoil Wright brothers ever would never have made history Flyer such airfoil essential underpowered en gine flat-bottomed airfoil easy build cover can also quite strong Since comes reasonably close being good second choice will found majority RC trainers well sport aircraft designed competi tion aerobatics maximum wind penetra tion Later RC career may wish advance aerobatics semisymmetrical symmetrical airfoils come element Neither type ac ceptable primary trainer semisym metrical airfoil will occasionally found lower-range basic trainer latter happens have lot other things going synunetrical airfoil stricfly advanced aircraft Advertisements rarely identify trainer class some specify airfoil used own Fortunately studying picture model will usually reveal necessary clues wing saddle has downward sweep curve airfoil obviously flat-bottomed high-lift lack itself has caused fledgling RCers downfall should airplane happen possess combined disadvantages both too much weight low-lift airfoil yes Im afraid such trainers exist its rare neophyte could learn solo Ex tremely adept student pilots have occasion ally proved exception usually under close prolonged instruction Primary basic advanced trainers five keys identifying easy-tofly trainerlarge size light weight high wing high-lift airfoil generous dihe dral polyhedral combined long tail momentfirmly mind beginner still needs guidance differentiating among three broad categories trainers Unfortu nately no definitive guidelines avail able arent really clear-cut lines demarcation among primary basic advanced types characteristics overlap class blurs next distinctions become ambiguous debat able instructors full-scale aircraft complete agreement regarding classification aeronautical charac teristics become quite close upperrange basic trainers might called primary trainers some lower-range pri mary trainers might called basic trainers others mans pussycat can another mans tiger useful distinction can give because incorporates five easy-flying features and/or greater degree does basic trainer primary trainer class lone eagle can hope solo instruc tors assistance Due combination factorssmaller size easy building fea tures semi-aerobatic characteristicsa basic trainer will substantially diffi cult fly RC student li censed full-scale pilot instructor man datory class trainer Generally advanced trainer can identified easily enough its low-lift airfoil can take symmetrical airfoil give huge wing generous dihedral light airframe literally force fit basic trainer category unlikely will stumble across such juxtapo sition However sometimes model would otherwise belong basic cate gory can slipped back primary camp adding few little niceties such wing tip washout turbulator spars lifting stab stabilizer airfoil shape rather just flat surface provided too much weight added sake quick-building design short find model incorporates five key factors have pri mary trainer exemplified larger powered Gliders larger Old-Timers Free Flight models converted Radio Con trol upper-range primary train ers means theyre consummately easy flybut definitely quick build Trainers minor compromises little versatility would midrange primary trainers Senior Telemaster Kadet Senior fit category bit compromise case size would mid- lower-range primary trainers exemplified Kadet Senior ita Telemaster 40 Just making un der wire lower-range primary would smaller Old-Timer types like Prairie Bird 50 powered Gliders such Ace High MK II sacrifice lightness expedite building process majority available trainers fall basic category principal cri teria identifying basic trainers have al ready outlined addition trainers category usually conventional balsa balsa-and-Lite-Ply models slab sided variety Generally tail sur faces solid rather built-up will sometimes show compromise both size weight Basic trainers have highlift airfoil however Usually extra weight basic trainer associated expediting building time some cases its intended make model crash resistant consider mis guided self-defeating reasoning Light weight models less likely crash also crash less velocity Inevitably Im going hearing readers wholl write say havent mentioned ARFs Let forestall objection have mentioned ARFs havent done explicitlyand good reason unitiated ARF stands almost ready fly However AREs ARFs pilot has already won solo wings basic trainer ARE models have place beginner must extra watchful regarding wing loading desirable AREs simply con ventionally built wood airplanes 60 Model Aviation ZMA RADIO SOUTH -Th AUTHORIZED SERVICE CENTER Call Sam Leonard Tony Stiliman custom work competition needs stock complete hobby line specializing competition accessoriesall discounted prices Radio South Batteries 500 ma Pack 48V1100 Futabaconn1350 800 ma Pack 48V1950 Futaba conn2275 1200 ma Pack 48V2100 Futaba conn2425 TX batt Futaba 6-Series PCM2450 0 Featuring fast service ~O ified people latest equipment including a___ SPECTRUMANALYZER Orders COD MC American Express OPEN 8-5 CST kPrices subject change notice m....... 43 West Nine Mile Rd Pensacola FL 32514 FREQUENCY CONVERSIONS AMA Frequency Cominmee Approved stock Futaba JR radios YS engines parts Hatori headers pipes Repair Heli Sets Gyros 904 478-6745 someone else has already done hard work may may pre covered Often theres little distinguish model built yourself Mass-produced plastic foam models will call closer scrutiny Im still looking far havent found falls within parameters primary trainer few though come very close qualify ing lower range basic trainers have high-lift airfoil word advice lone eagles going have manage structor Youre going need study up piloting before first flightwhether have chosen worlds easiest primary trainer Proper trimming key well-trimmed primary trainer will quite nicely fly itself land itself out manipulations Having experi enced pilot perform first-flight trimming will comfort have drive day find him Crooked models fly crookedly tolerances much smaller available fullscale builders course can choose test glide model instead trial error method used pioneer RCers Since lacked modern convenience trim levers transmitters simply aimed model some tall grass about 50 ft away engine off gave toss glide wasnt perfect could make necessary adjustments ground won t have go alone hope thought has crossed mind now Since will have structor available have have primary trainer However wouldnt crease chances success well de crease time before am turned loose solo avoid difficult ad vanced trainers also basic trainers Right Thats what recommend sake instructor time well own sake However primary trainer upper-range ultra-easy models possible things will little too easy case would prudent before advance ship dreams go next basic trainerany basic trainer course no ones pressur ing advance hobby youre perfectly happy first airplane thousands RCers return relaxing models after getting taste guided missiles want pro gress however intermediate stop over step gives all-important experi ence faster responsive de manding aircraft say will need service instruc tor again have watched transition made difficulty Theres no harm playing safe though wish Continued page 160 Easily filled sand shot up 5 pounds Five 4x6 bags per package * conforms curvatures Complete instructions Add $100 shipping k IrU L'A w& u.m III i Worlds Most Useful Sanding Blocks 05 55 s13/4R a3/s 05 106 290vs w/5/83/s & 9tV Cornho package #2 05 101GS 104105106 1/4 & 3/8 05102 05103 Add $200 Shipping 1/2 & 5/5 3/4 &iRoundsCS 200 PKG Comhopackage#1 9nn $200 Add $200 ShippingSquares ..GS 300 PKG Wt4ssu Six Pack Combo $20O 101-106 395*1/2Shipping $300 Shipping Single GS ........ 5595* Shipping long lasting q\j~v silicon carbide gritgAll blocks sides V#oinInu 10 Lone ne Covers Oust dirt among en gines worst enemies can greatly reduce life prized powerplantsl So complete modeling acces sories ordering set MODEL fOX yll protect engines save moneyl Order Yours Today Catalog NoSize 11011/JA thru 25 engines J10240 thro 60 engines 110360 thru 120 engines J104 ras&Up Add $100 shipping Price $200 $250 $300 $350 December1988 61 Heavy duty k weight bags Building Covering Easily secured model seconds Transporting Fuelproof stretch fabric conforms engine/ muffler shapes & Field Long life Velcro fasteners Attractive assorted colors Tie-Down WT i IS] t1 d 4 01 t W 5 xperience GREAT PERFORMANCE SPAN 76 EXTRA 230 WING AREA 900 sq ins ZLIN 526 SPAN 72 ins WING AREA 900 sq ins series Sport Scale Balsa ARF Air planes 140-4 cycle equivalent motors Happy Holidays Available direct select hobby shops gL ZIMPRO MARKETINO Ia PO BOX 3076 OAK RIDGE TN 37830 PHONE 615-4826188 CrMr GO-SINUSI HIlls1gm lflm 4 Anderson nnoea Power PrndectSIflt Only certded checks money orders occeated Minimoer Order $10 DJ three packages 4 Powerooles {5300 per package $1 ping handong CT residents add 70% sales tao Prices sobecr focharrge wirtroar norica DUALSA INQUIRISS INVITUD farther inforrnatioe dealer prices seed SASE Rosiness Card SERMOS RIC SNAP CONNECTORS Cedar Coxes & Box 16787 Stamfd CT 9h 203322-6294 L BUILDING 7ERVICE RAD#O CONTIOL PRODUCTS carry full line Byron Originals Bob Parkerson Tom Cook Bob Violet products COD Orders Accepted 718 983-9735 128 WATCHOGUE ROAD EN BLAND 8 NY 10314 DejaVu521 96th Lo. NE NapairBlame MN 55434 Doug Brueshabers designs yalties Dougs Widow Rinets313 848-8195 Latsha Al Special ME- 109 Polkerts312 339-9541 Malney Models Kenin Matney 11325 Harold Dr Luna Pier MI 48157 lies DeYoang 16627 Dobson Soatls Holland IL 60473 P-39/P-63Greg Doe 407 Pony Dr Smyrna TN 37167 NapairCalifornia Speed Pros L Larson 32221 Alipaz 515 San Juan Capistrano CA 92675 PolekiltyGail Jacobson 2205 Britely Terr College Park GA 30349 P-SIDaane Gall 1250 Asbaty P1 Lakeseood CG 80228 See next month Trainers/Waterman Continued page 61 RCers consider advanced trainers intermediate trainers view incorrect Flying basic ad vanced trainer constitutes intermediate phase After mastering basic trainer see no need whatsoever move up ad vanced trainer unless competition flying goal dream ship sport aircraft will no difficult fly ad vanced trainer watch wing load ing other parameters Ive de scribed have flown contest-caliber Scale aircraft just tractable some trainers although low-wing models fact once successfully used Sopwith Pup biplane trainerit day young man visited field expressed interest learning fly course particular biplane much easier fly aerobatic type secondary aeronautical advantages mentioned earlier have sparked degree controversysome RC pilots give importance others aux iliary considerations deserve fuller evalua tion space limits us just per functory review Should beginners use three channels steer rudder four channels ai leron steering Three-channel models easier build fly student has help building flying differences arent significant enough exclude four-channel option Lone eagles will have consult intuition concerning per sonal limitations adeptness question tricycle landing gear versus conventional tail-draggers again arent substantial differences between two 1 usually suggest trike gear paved field available tail-dragger option grass field third point de bate pros cons using upperrange engine versus intermediate lower-range decisions have made relatively minor importance Fo cus attention Big Five aeronauti cal factors make sure trainer corporates Youll assured pleasant discouragement-free start wonderful world RC model airplanes About author Jim Watennan au 615 439-6845thor Ease-of-Flying Ratings RIC Train ers guide based extensive testing 714 661-7430Nthe available trainers publication 714 542-3221Dthe reader will find reconunendations spe CIfiC trainers additional infonnation send pre-addressed stamped envelope 404 763-0361to Jim Waterman 3818 Deerfield Dr San Antonio 7X 78218 303 969-9527 CL Scale/Boss Continued page 62 Please note lathe Catalog No 9 HT 6655C catalog-order-only item catalog effectivity extends through January 31 1989 try order after time best check latest Sears catalog first last helpful hint suggestion can use 35mm cameras obtaining pictures needed color detail documentation Scale model presentations Sometimes need picture two complete models Scale presentations uncom mon someone go out buy book has required information proceed remove required photos data book thereby destroying Dennis suggests us own 35mm single-lens reflex cameraor know friend has camera roll color film can answer obtaining photos books magazines etc destroying sometimes can take pictures needed photos library books friends book magazine pages own library aviation documentation Dennis did specify particular camera 35mm cameras own market today allow get reasonably close subject stay focus Most also have built-in flash units elimi nate lighting problems might know someone has have yourself cam era has macro focusing feature al lows focus objects inches tween camera object being photo graphed macro feature allows better control over framing object within cameras viewfinder thus creating larger object negative better picture reproduction Dennis also suggested taking pic tures good idea try different exposure set tings helps have something picture will reproduce skin tones ie finger tips Having skin tones picture will allow judge color fidelity prints will also allow go back printer color adjustment might example too much red pictureand Dennis also noted preference color print re production Kodak processing Address correction August column men tioned Scale Model Research source photo three-view documentation provided old address correct address Scale Model Research 2334 Ticonderoga Way Co sta Mesa CA 92626 Please send ideas comments especially pho tos CL Scale activity address listed 160 Model Aviation