72 MODEL AVIATION
Technical Review: Horizon Hobby Spektrum DX6/AR6000 System
STEVE KALUF
This system includes the DX6 transmitter,
AR6000 receiver, four S75 submicroservos,
binding plug, system charger (not shown), and
illustrated manual (not shown).
THE DX6 from Spektrum RC (distributed by Horizon Hobby) is one
of the newest entries into radio systems made specifically for park flyer
and mini/micro helicopter use. However, that is where any similarity to
other radio systems ends. The DX6 is the first mass-market radiocontrol
system for air to utilize the 2.4 GHz band and spread spectrum
technology!
This review will consist of two parts, the first of which will look at
the spread spectrum technology the DX6 employs and its unique
properties. The second part will look at this system’s more “normal”
features.
What’s in the box? The system is neatly packaged and includes the
DX6 transmitter, AR6000 Park Flyer receiver, four S75 Sub-Micro
servos, system charger, hex wrench to adjust transmitter stick length,
instruction manual, and receiver binding plug (more about that later).
No receiver battery pack is included. It’s fairly obvious that this
system was put together to cater to small electric-powered models.
Spread spectrum technology is nothing new; it’s been around since
World War II and was originally invented and patented by Hedy
Lamarr and George Antheil. The patent for a “Secret Communication
System” was granted on August 11, 1942.
Spread spectrum takes a fairly large amount of bandwidth for each
channel on which it operates; the bandwidth used for each channel is a
bit more than 1 MHz. The majority of this “signal” is pseudo random
or pseudo noise codes. These “spreading” codes run at many times the
bandwidth actually occupied by the genuine information being
transmitted.
This feature makes a spread spectrum signal hard to intercept or
jam (RCers read that as interference rejection). The total amount of
available bandwidth in the 2.4 GHz band is roughly 85 MHz.
To operate, a spread spectrum system either finds an open spot to
operate on or hops around the band in a pseudo random manner. These
two methods are called “direct sequence” or “frequency hopping.”
There are advantages and disadvantages to each method. Spektrum
has found that direct sequence works best for radio control. Direct
sequence has the ability to deliver the information to the receiver faster
than the frequency-hopping method does. The speed at which this
happens is called “latency.”
Perhaps the most interesting and valuable thing about spread
spectrum devices in the 2.4 GHz band is their ability to work with each
other and operate at the same time without interference or any other
problems.
How many devices do you own that operate in this band? Do you
have a cordless phone? Does your notebook computer connect
wirelessly to a WiFi network? If you answered yes to either question,
April 2006 73
• Six-channel park flyer system
• 10-model memory
• 2.4 GHz DSM (Digital Spectrum Modulation)
• AR6000 receiver and S75 servos
• Street price: $199.99
Features
The tiny AR6000 receiver sports two 3.75-inch antennae—one for
each frequency it’s bound by the transmitter to listen.
Four S75 submicroservos are included with the system. They are
perfect for almost any park flyer-size aircraft.
The Bind/Range Test button on the back of the transmitter is used
to situate the GUID code link between the two parts of the
system.
Photos by Steve Kaluf
Inside the DX6 transmitter the layout is clean. The heart of the
spread spectrum part of the system is the board in the center of
the case.
The metal plate over the electronic components is used to shield
against other RF interference. Note the Horizon Hobby copyright
statement.
The DX6 transmitter’s display is large enough to show the
information clearly. Three characters are allowed to name models.
Airplane Program features:
Aileron-to-rudder mixing, elevator-to-flap mixing, flap-toelevator
mixing, flaperon mixing, delta-wing mixing, aileron
differential, V-tail mixing, three programmable mixes.
Helicopter Program Features:
Two three-point throttle curves, three three-point pitch
curves, throttle hold, revolution mixing up and down, one
programmable mix, supports 120° Cyclic Collective Pitch
Mixing (CCPM), has an independent digital trim setting for
each flight mode. The flight mode switch can combine throttle
curves, pitch curves, dual and exponential (expo) rates, and
gyro sensitivity.
Programming
you may have a device operating in the 2.4 GHz band and using spread
spectrum technology.
So what allows these devices to work together at the same time?
Each has a Globally Unique Identifier Code (GUID); there are more
than 4.2 million GUID codes available, and they make it virtually
impossible for one device to interfere with another.
What makes this even better is that it is an international standard. So
no matter where you go, these devices should be able to work together
seamlessly.
Additionally, all 2.4 GHz devices are regulated so that they may not
have a power output of higher than 1 watt. This is a welcome change
from most of the other bands that allow many different power levels.
The DX6 transmitter has a power output of roughly 100mW, which
seems more than adequate to do its intended job.
There are many other advantages to a system operating in this band
using this technology. How about a transmitter antenna that is only
roughly 5 inches long or receiver antennae that are only 3.75 inches
long? How about a system that operates in a frequency band that is far
above the frequency at which interference from motors and other like
devices operate? How about never having to
worry about frequency control again?
You might want to reread that last sentence.
Using this system you do not have to worry
about frequency control. If you want to fly,
you simply turn on the transmitter and go fly.
There are a couple items of interest with the
2.4 GHz band and spread spectrum. The main
one is the antenna system. These antennae (any
antenna really) want to have a clean line of
sight to each other. As such, they are sensitive
to orientation. This has been one of the, if not
the main, challenges facing manufacturers as
they develop this type of system.
So how did Spektrum and Horizon mitigate
this challenge? They developed proprietary
technology called “DuaLink.” This system
broadcasts on two separate channels, which
means the AR6000 receiver is actually two
receivers in one. That’s not bad at only 7
grams.
The transmitter switches between the
two channels approximately 50 times per
second. The receiver—since it is actually
two receivers in one—listens to both
channels all the time. If one of the channels
has a problem, the other channel should
take over to provide perfect control of your
aircraft.
74 MODEL AVIATION
• Channel resolution: 1024
• Servos: Four S75 Sub Micro
• Exponential and dual rates on aileron and elevator
• Dual and exponential rates can be combined on one switch
• Trainer system compatible with Spektrum and JR radio systems
• Adjustable stick length
• Throttle trim only affects idle position
• Two-speed scrolling
• Throttle-smart fail-safe system
• Digital trims
The Spectrum Analyzer display spans 2.400-2.485 GHz. This screen from the DX6 signal
shows the two frequencies on which the transmitter is operating. They are selected
randomly by the transmitter each time it is powered up. The AR6000 receiver
automatically sets itself to match the transmitter’s selected frequencies.
The transmitter’s switches are located in fairly standard locations.
Some are programmable (see text). The transmitter’s shape
allows it to fit your hands nicely.
Look at the picture showing the spectrum analyzer’s screen.
Since it’s the signal coming from the transmitter, you will notice two
wave forms—the two channels the transmitter is sending to the
receiver. The frequency bandwidth displayed on the analyzer is 85
MHz. 2.4 GHz is on the left side of the screen and 2.485 is on the right
side.
Horizon and Spektrum have applied for more than 90 patents for
the DuaLink and DSM system technology. My initial testing has
proven that it works extremely well. I’ve flown the unit outside at quite
a distance away (as far as I dared to fly a 30-inch-wingspan aircraft
and still be able to see it).
I also flew it at a large indoor RC event, with as many as 14 other
spread spectrum systems and several 72 MHz systems in operation at
the same time. I never experienced anything other than perfectly solid
control.
In addition, I never had to worry about frequency control; I simply
turned on the transmitter, found a pilot station, and flew. I’ve also
conducted a few outdoor ground range tests, and all were satisfactory.
I should mention range checking in more detail. You can see in the
Specifications
pictures of the transmitter that the short
antenna is not removable or collapsible.
To range-check the unit, Spektrum has
built in a range-test button on the transmitter.
Pushing this button reduces the transmitter
output significantly, allowing the pilot to
conduct a normal range test. The instruction
manual indicates that roughly 90 feet of range
should be expected. Every test I’ve conducted
has exceeded that distance.
For the transmitter and the receiver to
“talk” to each other, they must have the same
GUID and agree to use the same two channels
in the 2.4 GHz band. The GUID is set during a
binding process that takes only a few seconds.
You can bind as many receivers to a single
transmitter as you desire.
To bind a receiver to the transmitter, plug
the supplied binding plug into the receiver’s
bind/battery slot and power it up using a
standard receiver battery pack. The receiver’s
internal LED will begin to blink, and then you
hold down the Bind/Range Test button on the
transmitter while turning it on.
In roughly two seconds the LED in the
receiver will stop blinking and illuminate
solidly. This indicates that the receiver has
bound with the transmitter and is ready for
normal operation.
You only have to conduct this operation
one time. This process also sets the
“transmitter off” fail-safe settings for each
aircraft in the transmitter’s memory, so you
will want to redo this anytime you set up a
new aircraft or change the settings of an
existing aircraft.
This is one system with which you will hardly
ever, if ever, have to go into fail-safe with
during a flight. However, it does have some
unique fail-safe abilities that make it a safer
system—especially for electric-powered
aircraft.
As I mentioned previously, transmitter-off
fail-safe is set during the binding process. This
system takes all your stick, mixing, and trim
settings for each aircraft at the time you bind
the system with the receiver as your fail-safe
settings.
This is the position to which the controls
will move if you power up the receiver before
the transmitter. Therefore, it is important that
you put your sticks and so forth in the position
you want to use as fail-safe when you bind the
system.
If the receiver goes to fail-safe during
normal operation, the controls will hold in the
last position at which they had a good signal.
However, the throttle behaves differently.
The system has what Spektrum calls Throttle-
Smart fail-safe for the throttle when using an
electric-powered aircraft. This defaults the
system to not send a signal to the ESC if the
transmitter is not turned on or it goes into the
fail-safe mode during flight.
This unique feature makes it possible—
and is recommended by the manufacturer—
for you to turn the aircraft (receiver) on in
advance of the transmitter (given that the failsafe
is programmed for such). This is the
opposite of what you would do with a
“typical” radio-control system. Doing so with
this system moves your aircraft flight-control
servos to positions you set during the binding
process and does not allow the ESC to arm.
When you are ready to fly, you turn on the
transmitter, wait a couple seconds for it to
select two channels on which to operate
(you’ll know when this happens because
you’ll have control of the aircraft), and go fly.
There are what I consider to be this
system’s most unique features. Now let’s look
at the more conventional features the DX6
incorporates.
The DX6 transmitter closely resembles the
popular JR 662 transmitter case and in fact
uses JR programming based on that old
system. The major differences between the
two transmitters are the color of the case andsome of the buttons, but the most obvious is
the short fixed-length plastic insulated
antenna.
However, this is not a JR radio; it is
produced by Spektrum for Horizon Hobby. If
you look at the picture of the transmitter with
its back off, you’ll see the printed circuit
board that has the rectangular, silver shield on
it. This board is the Spektrum portion of the
system and is responsible for the link to the
aircraft. The transmitter case is ergonomically
shaped and has nice handholds on the back.
Switches are positioned in fairly standard
locations, are easy to reach, and seem to be
high quality. The transmitter has two push
buttons along the front top panel—one on
each side near the dual rate/expo switches—
for trainer mode and throttle cut. They are one
of my few criticisms of the system.
The trainer button is positioned in a way
that makes it difficult to push and hold for any
length of time while holding onto the
transmitter. The position of the throttle-cut
button is not in a position I prefer, but it may
work well for others. Their cheap feel is
fortunately only a feel; they push a quality
electronic button inside the transmitter.
The transmitter also has dual rate and
exponential for ailerons and elevator.
Unfortunately this unit does not have it for the
rudder channel, which is my only other real
criticism of this system.
Two more switches are to the right and left
of the antenna along the top of the transmitter.
These are used to turn mixing on and off,
change the flight mode, and turn throttle hold
on or off in the helicopter mode.
Immediately below the antenna is an LCD
display that measures roughly 1 inch x 1 inch
and is easy to read. During normal operation it
indicates transmitter voltage and which
aircraft you have selected. This display also
guides you through the programming process
when you enter the programming mode.
At the bottom of the transmitter are two
more buttons, both of which are used to
program the transmitter. On the back of the
transmitter is the bind/range-check button.
Overall, the case has a clean, functional
appearance.
Trims are standard digital trim buttons. A
single push will adjust the trim in tiny
increments; holding the button will cause the
trim to move continuously until released. As
with most digital trims, the settings are
automatically saved for each aircraft.
The transmitter stick lengths are adjustable
using the supplied hex wrench. The sticks
have a nice feel to them—especially for a
transmitter in this price range. One of the tests
I like to do is push a stick diagonally with a
single finger and see how well it tracks across
the diagonal. These gimbals perform fairly
well with this test.
The throttle gimbal has a ratchet on it. I
prefer that the throttle has a light ratchet or no
ratchet at all. This one was a little rougher
than I liked. I found that I could lessen the
ratchet “notchiness” by loosening the screw
that holds it in place a fraction of a turn. You
can also turn the spring upside down to
completely remove the ratchet. This does
require that you open the back of the
transmitter, so don’t do it if you are
uncomfortable doing so.
The DX6 programming features include
airplane and helicopter essentials. It has 10
aircraft memories, each of which can be for
an airplane or a helicopter.
There are two main levels of
programming. The top level (System Mode)
sets aircraft type (helicopter or airplane), sets
wing type, does a data reset, does dual-rate
switch selection, and allows you to select
which model to fly. You can also name the
aircraft from this menu with as many as three
characters. The second level (Function Mode)configuration is set by what type of aircraft
you select (airplane or helicopter).
To access the top level of programming,
press the two programming buttons up while
powering up the transmitter. To access the
second level of programming, push the two
buttons up after the transmitter is already
powered up.
Let’s look at the airplane-specific features.
Dual rate (DR) and exponential programming
(EXPO) are available for the aileron and
elevator channels. Setting the dual rates or
expo is easy with this transmitter.
Each of the two switches has a “1” and a
“0” indicated on it. To set DR or EXPO, dial
in the amount you want for the position the
switch is in. The position is indicated on the
LCD display. The DR switch is selectable,
and the elevator and aileron dual rates can be
combined on one switch.
The airplane side has three programmable
mixes in addition to elevator-to-flap mixing,
flap-elevator offset trim mix, differential
ailerons, aileron-to-rudder mixing, flaperon
mixing, V-tail mixing, and delta-wing mixing.
The helicopter side of the system features
two flight modes affecting rates, throttle and
pitch curves, and gyro sensitivity. As would
be expected, 120° CCPM is supported as well.
One programmable mix is also provided.
The top right switch is set up for throttle
hold, and the faceplate-mounted push button
provides throttle cut. Pitch and throttle curves
are easy to set up and have three available
points. It would have been nice to have more
curve points; only three makes it difficult to
really dial in a machine. The top left toggle
switch changes the flight mode/gyro gain.
Revolution mixing is also available.
Spektrum has thoughtfully provided a
“cheat sheet” for you to stick on the bottom of
the transmitter that provides a programming
tree for you. Also supplied is a sticker to help
you recall which model is in which memory
position.
The tiny AR6000, as previously mentioned,
is two receivers in one. It measures 1.50 x
1.20 x 0.35 inches and weighs only 7
grams. It will operate in a voltage range of
3.2-9.6. Be sure of your servos’ abilities
before assuming they will work within this
voltage range; most will not.
The receiver draws approximately 75 mA.
As mentioned, it has two antennae; each is
less than 4 inches long and orientation is not
much of an issue. You can basically stick the
receiver almost anywhere you want.
The antennae are oriented 90° apart, and
that would be the optimum positioning.
However, more than once I’ve slapped the
receiver in the aircraft with little regard to
antenna orientation with no problems at all.
The four E-flite S75 submicroservos supplied
with the system are well suited for almost any
park flyer-type application. They are fairly
fast, at .12 second/60° at 4.8 volts. According
to the manufacturer, their torque rating is 17.2
ounce-inch at 4.8 volts.
Each servo weighs 7.5 grams and is .90 x
.45 x .94 inch. These center well and come
with a nice assortment of arms. One arm is
quite long and would be suitable for many 3-
D applications. The connector is universal,
allowing it to mate with most popular
receivers. Operating voltage is 4.8-5.3VDC.
I’ve found the Spektrum DX6 system easy to
use, well thought out, and an excellent value
for the money. I highly recommend it to
anyone who is just starting out in radio control
and is considering beginning with park flyerclass
aircraft.
If you are an experienced RCer and have
been flying many smaller aircraft, give this
system a close look. One thing is for sure:
you’ll never have to worry about frequency
control again.
As I mentioned, this system is intended
only for park flyer (small) RC models that fly
within a specific distance from the transmitter.
Those who fly larger aircraft have different
needs, and Spektrum requests that we be
patient; other products will become available
in good time. MA
Steve Kaluf
[email protected]
Distributor:
Horizon Hobby
4105 Fieldstone Rd.
Champaign IL 61822
(800) 338-4639
www.spektrumrc.com
Edition: Model Aviation - 2006/04
Page Numbers: 72,73,74,76,78,80
Edition: Model Aviation - 2006/04
Page Numbers: 72,73,74,76,78,80
72 MODEL AVIATION
Technical Review: Horizon Hobby Spektrum DX6/AR6000 System
STEVE KALUF
This system includes the DX6 transmitter,
AR6000 receiver, four S75 submicroservos,
binding plug, system charger (not shown), and
illustrated manual (not shown).
THE DX6 from Spektrum RC (distributed by Horizon Hobby) is one
of the newest entries into radio systems made specifically for park flyer
and mini/micro helicopter use. However, that is where any similarity to
other radio systems ends. The DX6 is the first mass-market radiocontrol
system for air to utilize the 2.4 GHz band and spread spectrum
technology!
This review will consist of two parts, the first of which will look at
the spread spectrum technology the DX6 employs and its unique
properties. The second part will look at this system’s more “normal”
features.
What’s in the box? The system is neatly packaged and includes the
DX6 transmitter, AR6000 Park Flyer receiver, four S75 Sub-Micro
servos, system charger, hex wrench to adjust transmitter stick length,
instruction manual, and receiver binding plug (more about that later).
No receiver battery pack is included. It’s fairly obvious that this
system was put together to cater to small electric-powered models.
Spread spectrum technology is nothing new; it’s been around since
World War II and was originally invented and patented by Hedy
Lamarr and George Antheil. The patent for a “Secret Communication
System” was granted on August 11, 1942.
Spread spectrum takes a fairly large amount of bandwidth for each
channel on which it operates; the bandwidth used for each channel is a
bit more than 1 MHz. The majority of this “signal” is pseudo random
or pseudo noise codes. These “spreading” codes run at many times the
bandwidth actually occupied by the genuine information being
transmitted.
This feature makes a spread spectrum signal hard to intercept or
jam (RCers read that as interference rejection). The total amount of
available bandwidth in the 2.4 GHz band is roughly 85 MHz.
To operate, a spread spectrum system either finds an open spot to
operate on or hops around the band in a pseudo random manner. These
two methods are called “direct sequence” or “frequency hopping.”
There are advantages and disadvantages to each method. Spektrum
has found that direct sequence works best for radio control. Direct
sequence has the ability to deliver the information to the receiver faster
than the frequency-hopping method does. The speed at which this
happens is called “latency.”
Perhaps the most interesting and valuable thing about spread
spectrum devices in the 2.4 GHz band is their ability to work with each
other and operate at the same time without interference or any other
problems.
How many devices do you own that operate in this band? Do you
have a cordless phone? Does your notebook computer connect
wirelessly to a WiFi network? If you answered yes to either question,
April 2006 73
• Six-channel park flyer system
• 10-model memory
• 2.4 GHz DSM (Digital Spectrum Modulation)
• AR6000 receiver and S75 servos
• Street price: $199.99
Features
The tiny AR6000 receiver sports two 3.75-inch antennae—one for
each frequency it’s bound by the transmitter to listen.
Four S75 submicroservos are included with the system. They are
perfect for almost any park flyer-size aircraft.
The Bind/Range Test button on the back of the transmitter is used
to situate the GUID code link between the two parts of the
system.
Photos by Steve Kaluf
Inside the DX6 transmitter the layout is clean. The heart of the
spread spectrum part of the system is the board in the center of
the case.
The metal plate over the electronic components is used to shield
against other RF interference. Note the Horizon Hobby copyright
statement.
The DX6 transmitter’s display is large enough to show the
information clearly. Three characters are allowed to name models.
Airplane Program features:
Aileron-to-rudder mixing, elevator-to-flap mixing, flap-toelevator
mixing, flaperon mixing, delta-wing mixing, aileron
differential, V-tail mixing, three programmable mixes.
Helicopter Program Features:
Two three-point throttle curves, three three-point pitch
curves, throttle hold, revolution mixing up and down, one
programmable mix, supports 120° Cyclic Collective Pitch
Mixing (CCPM), has an independent digital trim setting for
each flight mode. The flight mode switch can combine throttle
curves, pitch curves, dual and exponential (expo) rates, and
gyro sensitivity.
Programming
you may have a device operating in the 2.4 GHz band and using spread
spectrum technology.
So what allows these devices to work together at the same time?
Each has a Globally Unique Identifier Code (GUID); there are more
than 4.2 million GUID codes available, and they make it virtually
impossible for one device to interfere with another.
What makes this even better is that it is an international standard. So
no matter where you go, these devices should be able to work together
seamlessly.
Additionally, all 2.4 GHz devices are regulated so that they may not
have a power output of higher than 1 watt. This is a welcome change
from most of the other bands that allow many different power levels.
The DX6 transmitter has a power output of roughly 100mW, which
seems more than adequate to do its intended job.
There are many other advantages to a system operating in this band
using this technology. How about a transmitter antenna that is only
roughly 5 inches long or receiver antennae that are only 3.75 inches
long? How about a system that operates in a frequency band that is far
above the frequency at which interference from motors and other like
devices operate? How about never having to
worry about frequency control again?
You might want to reread that last sentence.
Using this system you do not have to worry
about frequency control. If you want to fly,
you simply turn on the transmitter and go fly.
There are a couple items of interest with the
2.4 GHz band and spread spectrum. The main
one is the antenna system. These antennae (any
antenna really) want to have a clean line of
sight to each other. As such, they are sensitive
to orientation. This has been one of the, if not
the main, challenges facing manufacturers as
they develop this type of system.
So how did Spektrum and Horizon mitigate
this challenge? They developed proprietary
technology called “DuaLink.” This system
broadcasts on two separate channels, which
means the AR6000 receiver is actually two
receivers in one. That’s not bad at only 7
grams.
The transmitter switches between the
two channels approximately 50 times per
second. The receiver—since it is actually
two receivers in one—listens to both
channels all the time. If one of the channels
has a problem, the other channel should
take over to provide perfect control of your
aircraft.
74 MODEL AVIATION
• Channel resolution: 1024
• Servos: Four S75 Sub Micro
• Exponential and dual rates on aileron and elevator
• Dual and exponential rates can be combined on one switch
• Trainer system compatible with Spektrum and JR radio systems
• Adjustable stick length
• Throttle trim only affects idle position
• Two-speed scrolling
• Throttle-smart fail-safe system
• Digital trims
The Spectrum Analyzer display spans 2.400-2.485 GHz. This screen from the DX6 signal
shows the two frequencies on which the transmitter is operating. They are selected
randomly by the transmitter each time it is powered up. The AR6000 receiver
automatically sets itself to match the transmitter’s selected frequencies.
The transmitter’s switches are located in fairly standard locations.
Some are programmable (see text). The transmitter’s shape
allows it to fit your hands nicely.
Look at the picture showing the spectrum analyzer’s screen.
Since it’s the signal coming from the transmitter, you will notice two
wave forms—the two channels the transmitter is sending to the
receiver. The frequency bandwidth displayed on the analyzer is 85
MHz. 2.4 GHz is on the left side of the screen and 2.485 is on the right
side.
Horizon and Spektrum have applied for more than 90 patents for
the DuaLink and DSM system technology. My initial testing has
proven that it works extremely well. I’ve flown the unit outside at quite
a distance away (as far as I dared to fly a 30-inch-wingspan aircraft
and still be able to see it).
I also flew it at a large indoor RC event, with as many as 14 other
spread spectrum systems and several 72 MHz systems in operation at
the same time. I never experienced anything other than perfectly solid
control.
In addition, I never had to worry about frequency control; I simply
turned on the transmitter, found a pilot station, and flew. I’ve also
conducted a few outdoor ground range tests, and all were satisfactory.
I should mention range checking in more detail. You can see in the
Specifications
pictures of the transmitter that the short
antenna is not removable or collapsible.
To range-check the unit, Spektrum has
built in a range-test button on the transmitter.
Pushing this button reduces the transmitter
output significantly, allowing the pilot to
conduct a normal range test. The instruction
manual indicates that roughly 90 feet of range
should be expected. Every test I’ve conducted
has exceeded that distance.
For the transmitter and the receiver to
“talk” to each other, they must have the same
GUID and agree to use the same two channels
in the 2.4 GHz band. The GUID is set during a
binding process that takes only a few seconds.
You can bind as many receivers to a single
transmitter as you desire.
To bind a receiver to the transmitter, plug
the supplied binding plug into the receiver’s
bind/battery slot and power it up using a
standard receiver battery pack. The receiver’s
internal LED will begin to blink, and then you
hold down the Bind/Range Test button on the
transmitter while turning it on.
In roughly two seconds the LED in the
receiver will stop blinking and illuminate
solidly. This indicates that the receiver has
bound with the transmitter and is ready for
normal operation.
You only have to conduct this operation
one time. This process also sets the
“transmitter off” fail-safe settings for each
aircraft in the transmitter’s memory, so you
will want to redo this anytime you set up a
new aircraft or change the settings of an
existing aircraft.
This is one system with which you will hardly
ever, if ever, have to go into fail-safe with
during a flight. However, it does have some
unique fail-safe abilities that make it a safer
system—especially for electric-powered
aircraft.
As I mentioned previously, transmitter-off
fail-safe is set during the binding process. This
system takes all your stick, mixing, and trim
settings for each aircraft at the time you bind
the system with the receiver as your fail-safe
settings.
This is the position to which the controls
will move if you power up the receiver before
the transmitter. Therefore, it is important that
you put your sticks and so forth in the position
you want to use as fail-safe when you bind the
system.
If the receiver goes to fail-safe during
normal operation, the controls will hold in the
last position at which they had a good signal.
However, the throttle behaves differently.
The system has what Spektrum calls Throttle-
Smart fail-safe for the throttle when using an
electric-powered aircraft. This defaults the
system to not send a signal to the ESC if the
transmitter is not turned on or it goes into the
fail-safe mode during flight.
This unique feature makes it possible—
and is recommended by the manufacturer—
for you to turn the aircraft (receiver) on in
advance of the transmitter (given that the failsafe
is programmed for such). This is the
opposite of what you would do with a
“typical” radio-control system. Doing so with
this system moves your aircraft flight-control
servos to positions you set during the binding
process and does not allow the ESC to arm.
When you are ready to fly, you turn on the
transmitter, wait a couple seconds for it to
select two channels on which to operate
(you’ll know when this happens because
you’ll have control of the aircraft), and go fly.
There are what I consider to be this
system’s most unique features. Now let’s look
at the more conventional features the DX6
incorporates.
The DX6 transmitter closely resembles the
popular JR 662 transmitter case and in fact
uses JR programming based on that old
system. The major differences between the
two transmitters are the color of the case andsome of the buttons, but the most obvious is
the short fixed-length plastic insulated
antenna.
However, this is not a JR radio; it is
produced by Spektrum for Horizon Hobby. If
you look at the picture of the transmitter with
its back off, you’ll see the printed circuit
board that has the rectangular, silver shield on
it. This board is the Spektrum portion of the
system and is responsible for the link to the
aircraft. The transmitter case is ergonomically
shaped and has nice handholds on the back.
Switches are positioned in fairly standard
locations, are easy to reach, and seem to be
high quality. The transmitter has two push
buttons along the front top panel—one on
each side near the dual rate/expo switches—
for trainer mode and throttle cut. They are one
of my few criticisms of the system.
The trainer button is positioned in a way
that makes it difficult to push and hold for any
length of time while holding onto the
transmitter. The position of the throttle-cut
button is not in a position I prefer, but it may
work well for others. Their cheap feel is
fortunately only a feel; they push a quality
electronic button inside the transmitter.
The transmitter also has dual rate and
exponential for ailerons and elevator.
Unfortunately this unit does not have it for the
rudder channel, which is my only other real
criticism of this system.
Two more switches are to the right and left
of the antenna along the top of the transmitter.
These are used to turn mixing on and off,
change the flight mode, and turn throttle hold
on or off in the helicopter mode.
Immediately below the antenna is an LCD
display that measures roughly 1 inch x 1 inch
and is easy to read. During normal operation it
indicates transmitter voltage and which
aircraft you have selected. This display also
guides you through the programming process
when you enter the programming mode.
At the bottom of the transmitter are two
more buttons, both of which are used to
program the transmitter. On the back of the
transmitter is the bind/range-check button.
Overall, the case has a clean, functional
appearance.
Trims are standard digital trim buttons. A
single push will adjust the trim in tiny
increments; holding the button will cause the
trim to move continuously until released. As
with most digital trims, the settings are
automatically saved for each aircraft.
The transmitter stick lengths are adjustable
using the supplied hex wrench. The sticks
have a nice feel to them—especially for a
transmitter in this price range. One of the tests
I like to do is push a stick diagonally with a
single finger and see how well it tracks across
the diagonal. These gimbals perform fairly
well with this test.
The throttle gimbal has a ratchet on it. I
prefer that the throttle has a light ratchet or no
ratchet at all. This one was a little rougher
than I liked. I found that I could lessen the
ratchet “notchiness” by loosening the screw
that holds it in place a fraction of a turn. You
can also turn the spring upside down to
completely remove the ratchet. This does
require that you open the back of the
transmitter, so don’t do it if you are
uncomfortable doing so.
The DX6 programming features include
airplane and helicopter essentials. It has 10
aircraft memories, each of which can be for
an airplane or a helicopter.
There are two main levels of
programming. The top level (System Mode)
sets aircraft type (helicopter or airplane), sets
wing type, does a data reset, does dual-rate
switch selection, and allows you to select
which model to fly. You can also name the
aircraft from this menu with as many as three
characters. The second level (Function Mode)configuration is set by what type of aircraft
you select (airplane or helicopter).
To access the top level of programming,
press the two programming buttons up while
powering up the transmitter. To access the
second level of programming, push the two
buttons up after the transmitter is already
powered up.
Let’s look at the airplane-specific features.
Dual rate (DR) and exponential programming
(EXPO) are available for the aileron and
elevator channels. Setting the dual rates or
expo is easy with this transmitter.
Each of the two switches has a “1” and a
“0” indicated on it. To set DR or EXPO, dial
in the amount you want for the position the
switch is in. The position is indicated on the
LCD display. The DR switch is selectable,
and the elevator and aileron dual rates can be
combined on one switch.
The airplane side has three programmable
mixes in addition to elevator-to-flap mixing,
flap-elevator offset trim mix, differential
ailerons, aileron-to-rudder mixing, flaperon
mixing, V-tail mixing, and delta-wing mixing.
The helicopter side of the system features
two flight modes affecting rates, throttle and
pitch curves, and gyro sensitivity. As would
be expected, 120° CCPM is supported as well.
One programmable mix is also provided.
The top right switch is set up for throttle
hold, and the faceplate-mounted push button
provides throttle cut. Pitch and throttle curves
are easy to set up and have three available
points. It would have been nice to have more
curve points; only three makes it difficult to
really dial in a machine. The top left toggle
switch changes the flight mode/gyro gain.
Revolution mixing is also available.
Spektrum has thoughtfully provided a
“cheat sheet” for you to stick on the bottom of
the transmitter that provides a programming
tree for you. Also supplied is a sticker to help
you recall which model is in which memory
position.
The tiny AR6000, as previously mentioned,
is two receivers in one. It measures 1.50 x
1.20 x 0.35 inches and weighs only 7
grams. It will operate in a voltage range of
3.2-9.6. Be sure of your servos’ abilities
before assuming they will work within this
voltage range; most will not.
The receiver draws approximately 75 mA.
As mentioned, it has two antennae; each is
less than 4 inches long and orientation is not
much of an issue. You can basically stick the
receiver almost anywhere you want.
The antennae are oriented 90° apart, and
that would be the optimum positioning.
However, more than once I’ve slapped the
receiver in the aircraft with little regard to
antenna orientation with no problems at all.
The four E-flite S75 submicroservos supplied
with the system are well suited for almost any
park flyer-type application. They are fairly
fast, at .12 second/60° at 4.8 volts. According
to the manufacturer, their torque rating is 17.2
ounce-inch at 4.8 volts.
Each servo weighs 7.5 grams and is .90 x
.45 x .94 inch. These center well and come
with a nice assortment of arms. One arm is
quite long and would be suitable for many 3-
D applications. The connector is universal,
allowing it to mate with most popular
receivers. Operating voltage is 4.8-5.3VDC.
I’ve found the Spektrum DX6 system easy to
use, well thought out, and an excellent value
for the money. I highly recommend it to
anyone who is just starting out in radio control
and is considering beginning with park flyerclass
aircraft.
If you are an experienced RCer and have
been flying many smaller aircraft, give this
system a close look. One thing is for sure:
you’ll never have to worry about frequency
control again.
As I mentioned, this system is intended
only for park flyer (small) RC models that fly
within a specific distance from the transmitter.
Those who fly larger aircraft have different
needs, and Spektrum requests that we be
patient; other products will become available
in good time. MA
Steve Kaluf
[email protected]
Distributor:
Horizon Hobby
4105 Fieldstone Rd.
Champaign IL 61822
(800) 338-4639
www.spektrumrc.com
Edition: Model Aviation - 2006/04
Page Numbers: 72,73,74,76,78,80
72 MODEL AVIATION
Technical Review: Horizon Hobby Spektrum DX6/AR6000 System
STEVE KALUF
This system includes the DX6 transmitter,
AR6000 receiver, four S75 submicroservos,
binding plug, system charger (not shown), and
illustrated manual (not shown).
THE DX6 from Spektrum RC (distributed by Horizon Hobby) is one
of the newest entries into radio systems made specifically for park flyer
and mini/micro helicopter use. However, that is where any similarity to
other radio systems ends. The DX6 is the first mass-market radiocontrol
system for air to utilize the 2.4 GHz band and spread spectrum
technology!
This review will consist of two parts, the first of which will look at
the spread spectrum technology the DX6 employs and its unique
properties. The second part will look at this system’s more “normal”
features.
What’s in the box? The system is neatly packaged and includes the
DX6 transmitter, AR6000 Park Flyer receiver, four S75 Sub-Micro
servos, system charger, hex wrench to adjust transmitter stick length,
instruction manual, and receiver binding plug (more about that later).
No receiver battery pack is included. It’s fairly obvious that this
system was put together to cater to small electric-powered models.
Spread spectrum technology is nothing new; it’s been around since
World War II and was originally invented and patented by Hedy
Lamarr and George Antheil. The patent for a “Secret Communication
System” was granted on August 11, 1942.
Spread spectrum takes a fairly large amount of bandwidth for each
channel on which it operates; the bandwidth used for each channel is a
bit more than 1 MHz. The majority of this “signal” is pseudo random
or pseudo noise codes. These “spreading” codes run at many times the
bandwidth actually occupied by the genuine information being
transmitted.
This feature makes a spread spectrum signal hard to intercept or
jam (RCers read that as interference rejection). The total amount of
available bandwidth in the 2.4 GHz band is roughly 85 MHz.
To operate, a spread spectrum system either finds an open spot to
operate on or hops around the band in a pseudo random manner. These
two methods are called “direct sequence” or “frequency hopping.”
There are advantages and disadvantages to each method. Spektrum
has found that direct sequence works best for radio control. Direct
sequence has the ability to deliver the information to the receiver faster
than the frequency-hopping method does. The speed at which this
happens is called “latency.”
Perhaps the most interesting and valuable thing about spread
spectrum devices in the 2.4 GHz band is their ability to work with each
other and operate at the same time without interference or any other
problems.
How many devices do you own that operate in this band? Do you
have a cordless phone? Does your notebook computer connect
wirelessly to a WiFi network? If you answered yes to either question,
April 2006 73
• Six-channel park flyer system
• 10-model memory
• 2.4 GHz DSM (Digital Spectrum Modulation)
• AR6000 receiver and S75 servos
• Street price: $199.99
Features
The tiny AR6000 receiver sports two 3.75-inch antennae—one for
each frequency it’s bound by the transmitter to listen.
Four S75 submicroservos are included with the system. They are
perfect for almost any park flyer-size aircraft.
The Bind/Range Test button on the back of the transmitter is used
to situate the GUID code link between the two parts of the
system.
Photos by Steve Kaluf
Inside the DX6 transmitter the layout is clean. The heart of the
spread spectrum part of the system is the board in the center of
the case.
The metal plate over the electronic components is used to shield
against other RF interference. Note the Horizon Hobby copyright
statement.
The DX6 transmitter’s display is large enough to show the
information clearly. Three characters are allowed to name models.
Airplane Program features:
Aileron-to-rudder mixing, elevator-to-flap mixing, flap-toelevator
mixing, flaperon mixing, delta-wing mixing, aileron
differential, V-tail mixing, three programmable mixes.
Helicopter Program Features:
Two three-point throttle curves, three three-point pitch
curves, throttle hold, revolution mixing up and down, one
programmable mix, supports 120° Cyclic Collective Pitch
Mixing (CCPM), has an independent digital trim setting for
each flight mode. The flight mode switch can combine throttle
curves, pitch curves, dual and exponential (expo) rates, and
gyro sensitivity.
Programming
you may have a device operating in the 2.4 GHz band and using spread
spectrum technology.
So what allows these devices to work together at the same time?
Each has a Globally Unique Identifier Code (GUID); there are more
than 4.2 million GUID codes available, and they make it virtually
impossible for one device to interfere with another.
What makes this even better is that it is an international standard. So
no matter where you go, these devices should be able to work together
seamlessly.
Additionally, all 2.4 GHz devices are regulated so that they may not
have a power output of higher than 1 watt. This is a welcome change
from most of the other bands that allow many different power levels.
The DX6 transmitter has a power output of roughly 100mW, which
seems more than adequate to do its intended job.
There are many other advantages to a system operating in this band
using this technology. How about a transmitter antenna that is only
roughly 5 inches long or receiver antennae that are only 3.75 inches
long? How about a system that operates in a frequency band that is far
above the frequency at which interference from motors and other like
devices operate? How about never having to
worry about frequency control again?
You might want to reread that last sentence.
Using this system you do not have to worry
about frequency control. If you want to fly,
you simply turn on the transmitter and go fly.
There are a couple items of interest with the
2.4 GHz band and spread spectrum. The main
one is the antenna system. These antennae (any
antenna really) want to have a clean line of
sight to each other. As such, they are sensitive
to orientation. This has been one of the, if not
the main, challenges facing manufacturers as
they develop this type of system.
So how did Spektrum and Horizon mitigate
this challenge? They developed proprietary
technology called “DuaLink.” This system
broadcasts on two separate channels, which
means the AR6000 receiver is actually two
receivers in one. That’s not bad at only 7
grams.
The transmitter switches between the
two channels approximately 50 times per
second. The receiver—since it is actually
two receivers in one—listens to both
channels all the time. If one of the channels
has a problem, the other channel should
take over to provide perfect control of your
aircraft.
74 MODEL AVIATION
• Channel resolution: 1024
• Servos: Four S75 Sub Micro
• Exponential and dual rates on aileron and elevator
• Dual and exponential rates can be combined on one switch
• Trainer system compatible with Spektrum and JR radio systems
• Adjustable stick length
• Throttle trim only affects idle position
• Two-speed scrolling
• Throttle-smart fail-safe system
• Digital trims
The Spectrum Analyzer display spans 2.400-2.485 GHz. This screen from the DX6 signal
shows the two frequencies on which the transmitter is operating. They are selected
randomly by the transmitter each time it is powered up. The AR6000 receiver
automatically sets itself to match the transmitter’s selected frequencies.
The transmitter’s switches are located in fairly standard locations.
Some are programmable (see text). The transmitter’s shape
allows it to fit your hands nicely.
Look at the picture showing the spectrum analyzer’s screen.
Since it’s the signal coming from the transmitter, you will notice two
wave forms—the two channels the transmitter is sending to the
receiver. The frequency bandwidth displayed on the analyzer is 85
MHz. 2.4 GHz is on the left side of the screen and 2.485 is on the right
side.
Horizon and Spektrum have applied for more than 90 patents for
the DuaLink and DSM system technology. My initial testing has
proven that it works extremely well. I’ve flown the unit outside at quite
a distance away (as far as I dared to fly a 30-inch-wingspan aircraft
and still be able to see it).
I also flew it at a large indoor RC event, with as many as 14 other
spread spectrum systems and several 72 MHz systems in operation at
the same time. I never experienced anything other than perfectly solid
control.
In addition, I never had to worry about frequency control; I simply
turned on the transmitter, found a pilot station, and flew. I’ve also
conducted a few outdoor ground range tests, and all were satisfactory.
I should mention range checking in more detail. You can see in the
Specifications
pictures of the transmitter that the short
antenna is not removable or collapsible.
To range-check the unit, Spektrum has
built in a range-test button on the transmitter.
Pushing this button reduces the transmitter
output significantly, allowing the pilot to
conduct a normal range test. The instruction
manual indicates that roughly 90 feet of range
should be expected. Every test I’ve conducted
has exceeded that distance.
For the transmitter and the receiver to
“talk” to each other, they must have the same
GUID and agree to use the same two channels
in the 2.4 GHz band. The GUID is set during a
binding process that takes only a few seconds.
You can bind as many receivers to a single
transmitter as you desire.
To bind a receiver to the transmitter, plug
the supplied binding plug into the receiver’s
bind/battery slot and power it up using a
standard receiver battery pack. The receiver’s
internal LED will begin to blink, and then you
hold down the Bind/Range Test button on the
transmitter while turning it on.
In roughly two seconds the LED in the
receiver will stop blinking and illuminate
solidly. This indicates that the receiver has
bound with the transmitter and is ready for
normal operation.
You only have to conduct this operation
one time. This process also sets the
“transmitter off” fail-safe settings for each
aircraft in the transmitter’s memory, so you
will want to redo this anytime you set up a
new aircraft or change the settings of an
existing aircraft.
This is one system with which you will hardly
ever, if ever, have to go into fail-safe with
during a flight. However, it does have some
unique fail-safe abilities that make it a safer
system—especially for electric-powered
aircraft.
As I mentioned previously, transmitter-off
fail-safe is set during the binding process. This
system takes all your stick, mixing, and trim
settings for each aircraft at the time you bind
the system with the receiver as your fail-safe
settings.
This is the position to which the controls
will move if you power up the receiver before
the transmitter. Therefore, it is important that
you put your sticks and so forth in the position
you want to use as fail-safe when you bind the
system.
If the receiver goes to fail-safe during
normal operation, the controls will hold in the
last position at which they had a good signal.
However, the throttle behaves differently.
The system has what Spektrum calls Throttle-
Smart fail-safe for the throttle when using an
electric-powered aircraft. This defaults the
system to not send a signal to the ESC if the
transmitter is not turned on or it goes into the
fail-safe mode during flight.
This unique feature makes it possible—
and is recommended by the manufacturer—
for you to turn the aircraft (receiver) on in
advance of the transmitter (given that the failsafe
is programmed for such). This is the
opposite of what you would do with a
“typical” radio-control system. Doing so with
this system moves your aircraft flight-control
servos to positions you set during the binding
process and does not allow the ESC to arm.
When you are ready to fly, you turn on the
transmitter, wait a couple seconds for it to
select two channels on which to operate
(you’ll know when this happens because
you’ll have control of the aircraft), and go fly.
There are what I consider to be this
system’s most unique features. Now let’s look
at the more conventional features the DX6
incorporates.
The DX6 transmitter closely resembles the
popular JR 662 transmitter case and in fact
uses JR programming based on that old
system. The major differences between the
two transmitters are the color of the case andsome of the buttons, but the most obvious is
the short fixed-length plastic insulated
antenna.
However, this is not a JR radio; it is
produced by Spektrum for Horizon Hobby. If
you look at the picture of the transmitter with
its back off, you’ll see the printed circuit
board that has the rectangular, silver shield on
it. This board is the Spektrum portion of the
system and is responsible for the link to the
aircraft. The transmitter case is ergonomically
shaped and has nice handholds on the back.
Switches are positioned in fairly standard
locations, are easy to reach, and seem to be
high quality. The transmitter has two push
buttons along the front top panel—one on
each side near the dual rate/expo switches—
for trainer mode and throttle cut. They are one
of my few criticisms of the system.
The trainer button is positioned in a way
that makes it difficult to push and hold for any
length of time while holding onto the
transmitter. The position of the throttle-cut
button is not in a position I prefer, but it may
work well for others. Their cheap feel is
fortunately only a feel; they push a quality
electronic button inside the transmitter.
The transmitter also has dual rate and
exponential for ailerons and elevator.
Unfortunately this unit does not have it for the
rudder channel, which is my only other real
criticism of this system.
Two more switches are to the right and left
of the antenna along the top of the transmitter.
These are used to turn mixing on and off,
change the flight mode, and turn throttle hold
on or off in the helicopter mode.
Immediately below the antenna is an LCD
display that measures roughly 1 inch x 1 inch
and is easy to read. During normal operation it
indicates transmitter voltage and which
aircraft you have selected. This display also
guides you through the programming process
when you enter the programming mode.
At the bottom of the transmitter are two
more buttons, both of which are used to
program the transmitter. On the back of the
transmitter is the bind/range-check button.
Overall, the case has a clean, functional
appearance.
Trims are standard digital trim buttons. A
single push will adjust the trim in tiny
increments; holding the button will cause the
trim to move continuously until released. As
with most digital trims, the settings are
automatically saved for each aircraft.
The transmitter stick lengths are adjustable
using the supplied hex wrench. The sticks
have a nice feel to them—especially for a
transmitter in this price range. One of the tests
I like to do is push a stick diagonally with a
single finger and see how well it tracks across
the diagonal. These gimbals perform fairly
well with this test.
The throttle gimbal has a ratchet on it. I
prefer that the throttle has a light ratchet or no
ratchet at all. This one was a little rougher
than I liked. I found that I could lessen the
ratchet “notchiness” by loosening the screw
that holds it in place a fraction of a turn. You
can also turn the spring upside down to
completely remove the ratchet. This does
require that you open the back of the
transmitter, so don’t do it if you are
uncomfortable doing so.
The DX6 programming features include
airplane and helicopter essentials. It has 10
aircraft memories, each of which can be for
an airplane or a helicopter.
There are two main levels of
programming. The top level (System Mode)
sets aircraft type (helicopter or airplane), sets
wing type, does a data reset, does dual-rate
switch selection, and allows you to select
which model to fly. You can also name the
aircraft from this menu with as many as three
characters. The second level (Function Mode)configuration is set by what type of aircraft
you select (airplane or helicopter).
To access the top level of programming,
press the two programming buttons up while
powering up the transmitter. To access the
second level of programming, push the two
buttons up after the transmitter is already
powered up.
Let’s look at the airplane-specific features.
Dual rate (DR) and exponential programming
(EXPO) are available for the aileron and
elevator channels. Setting the dual rates or
expo is easy with this transmitter.
Each of the two switches has a “1” and a
“0” indicated on it. To set DR or EXPO, dial
in the amount you want for the position the
switch is in. The position is indicated on the
LCD display. The DR switch is selectable,
and the elevator and aileron dual rates can be
combined on one switch.
The airplane side has three programmable
mixes in addition to elevator-to-flap mixing,
flap-elevator offset trim mix, differential
ailerons, aileron-to-rudder mixing, flaperon
mixing, V-tail mixing, and delta-wing mixing.
The helicopter side of the system features
two flight modes affecting rates, throttle and
pitch curves, and gyro sensitivity. As would
be expected, 120° CCPM is supported as well.
One programmable mix is also provided.
The top right switch is set up for throttle
hold, and the faceplate-mounted push button
provides throttle cut. Pitch and throttle curves
are easy to set up and have three available
points. It would have been nice to have more
curve points; only three makes it difficult to
really dial in a machine. The top left toggle
switch changes the flight mode/gyro gain.
Revolution mixing is also available.
Spektrum has thoughtfully provided a
“cheat sheet” for you to stick on the bottom of
the transmitter that provides a programming
tree for you. Also supplied is a sticker to help
you recall which model is in which memory
position.
The tiny AR6000, as previously mentioned,
is two receivers in one. It measures 1.50 x
1.20 x 0.35 inches and weighs only 7
grams. It will operate in a voltage range of
3.2-9.6. Be sure of your servos’ abilities
before assuming they will work within this
voltage range; most will not.
The receiver draws approximately 75 mA.
As mentioned, it has two antennae; each is
less than 4 inches long and orientation is not
much of an issue. You can basically stick the
receiver almost anywhere you want.
The antennae are oriented 90° apart, and
that would be the optimum positioning.
However, more than once I’ve slapped the
receiver in the aircraft with little regard to
antenna orientation with no problems at all.
The four E-flite S75 submicroservos supplied
with the system are well suited for almost any
park flyer-type application. They are fairly
fast, at .12 second/60° at 4.8 volts. According
to the manufacturer, their torque rating is 17.2
ounce-inch at 4.8 volts.
Each servo weighs 7.5 grams and is .90 x
.45 x .94 inch. These center well and come
with a nice assortment of arms. One arm is
quite long and would be suitable for many 3-
D applications. The connector is universal,
allowing it to mate with most popular
receivers. Operating voltage is 4.8-5.3VDC.
I’ve found the Spektrum DX6 system easy to
use, well thought out, and an excellent value
for the money. I highly recommend it to
anyone who is just starting out in radio control
and is considering beginning with park flyerclass
aircraft.
If you are an experienced RCer and have
been flying many smaller aircraft, give this
system a close look. One thing is for sure:
you’ll never have to worry about frequency
control again.
As I mentioned, this system is intended
only for park flyer (small) RC models that fly
within a specific distance from the transmitter.
Those who fly larger aircraft have different
needs, and Spektrum requests that we be
patient; other products will become available
in good time. MA
Steve Kaluf
[email protected]
Distributor:
Horizon Hobby
4105 Fieldstone Rd.
Champaign IL 61822
(800) 338-4639
www.spektrumrc.com
Edition: Model Aviation - 2006/04
Page Numbers: 72,73,74,76,78,80
72 MODEL AVIATION
Technical Review: Horizon Hobby Spektrum DX6/AR6000 System
STEVE KALUF
This system includes the DX6 transmitter,
AR6000 receiver, four S75 submicroservos,
binding plug, system charger (not shown), and
illustrated manual (not shown).
THE DX6 from Spektrum RC (distributed by Horizon Hobby) is one
of the newest entries into radio systems made specifically for park flyer
and mini/micro helicopter use. However, that is where any similarity to
other radio systems ends. The DX6 is the first mass-market radiocontrol
system for air to utilize the 2.4 GHz band and spread spectrum
technology!
This review will consist of two parts, the first of which will look at
the spread spectrum technology the DX6 employs and its unique
properties. The second part will look at this system’s more “normal”
features.
What’s in the box? The system is neatly packaged and includes the
DX6 transmitter, AR6000 Park Flyer receiver, four S75 Sub-Micro
servos, system charger, hex wrench to adjust transmitter stick length,
instruction manual, and receiver binding plug (more about that later).
No receiver battery pack is included. It’s fairly obvious that this
system was put together to cater to small electric-powered models.
Spread spectrum technology is nothing new; it’s been around since
World War II and was originally invented and patented by Hedy
Lamarr and George Antheil. The patent for a “Secret Communication
System” was granted on August 11, 1942.
Spread spectrum takes a fairly large amount of bandwidth for each
channel on which it operates; the bandwidth used for each channel is a
bit more than 1 MHz. The majority of this “signal” is pseudo random
or pseudo noise codes. These “spreading” codes run at many times the
bandwidth actually occupied by the genuine information being
transmitted.
This feature makes a spread spectrum signal hard to intercept or
jam (RCers read that as interference rejection). The total amount of
available bandwidth in the 2.4 GHz band is roughly 85 MHz.
To operate, a spread spectrum system either finds an open spot to
operate on or hops around the band in a pseudo random manner. These
two methods are called “direct sequence” or “frequency hopping.”
There are advantages and disadvantages to each method. Spektrum
has found that direct sequence works best for radio control. Direct
sequence has the ability to deliver the information to the receiver faster
than the frequency-hopping method does. The speed at which this
happens is called “latency.”
Perhaps the most interesting and valuable thing about spread
spectrum devices in the 2.4 GHz band is their ability to work with each
other and operate at the same time without interference or any other
problems.
How many devices do you own that operate in this band? Do you
have a cordless phone? Does your notebook computer connect
wirelessly to a WiFi network? If you answered yes to either question,
April 2006 73
• Six-channel park flyer system
• 10-model memory
• 2.4 GHz DSM (Digital Spectrum Modulation)
• AR6000 receiver and S75 servos
• Street price: $199.99
Features
The tiny AR6000 receiver sports two 3.75-inch antennae—one for
each frequency it’s bound by the transmitter to listen.
Four S75 submicroservos are included with the system. They are
perfect for almost any park flyer-size aircraft.
The Bind/Range Test button on the back of the transmitter is used
to situate the GUID code link between the two parts of the
system.
Photos by Steve Kaluf
Inside the DX6 transmitter the layout is clean. The heart of the
spread spectrum part of the system is the board in the center of
the case.
The metal plate over the electronic components is used to shield
against other RF interference. Note the Horizon Hobby copyright
statement.
The DX6 transmitter’s display is large enough to show the
information clearly. Three characters are allowed to name models.
Airplane Program features:
Aileron-to-rudder mixing, elevator-to-flap mixing, flap-toelevator
mixing, flaperon mixing, delta-wing mixing, aileron
differential, V-tail mixing, three programmable mixes.
Helicopter Program Features:
Two three-point throttle curves, three three-point pitch
curves, throttle hold, revolution mixing up and down, one
programmable mix, supports 120° Cyclic Collective Pitch
Mixing (CCPM), has an independent digital trim setting for
each flight mode. The flight mode switch can combine throttle
curves, pitch curves, dual and exponential (expo) rates, and
gyro sensitivity.
Programming
you may have a device operating in the 2.4 GHz band and using spread
spectrum technology.
So what allows these devices to work together at the same time?
Each has a Globally Unique Identifier Code (GUID); there are more
than 4.2 million GUID codes available, and they make it virtually
impossible for one device to interfere with another.
What makes this even better is that it is an international standard. So
no matter where you go, these devices should be able to work together
seamlessly.
Additionally, all 2.4 GHz devices are regulated so that they may not
have a power output of higher than 1 watt. This is a welcome change
from most of the other bands that allow many different power levels.
The DX6 transmitter has a power output of roughly 100mW, which
seems more than adequate to do its intended job.
There are many other advantages to a system operating in this band
using this technology. How about a transmitter antenna that is only
roughly 5 inches long or receiver antennae that are only 3.75 inches
long? How about a system that operates in a frequency band that is far
above the frequency at which interference from motors and other like
devices operate? How about never having to
worry about frequency control again?
You might want to reread that last sentence.
Using this system you do not have to worry
about frequency control. If you want to fly,
you simply turn on the transmitter and go fly.
There are a couple items of interest with the
2.4 GHz band and spread spectrum. The main
one is the antenna system. These antennae (any
antenna really) want to have a clean line of
sight to each other. As such, they are sensitive
to orientation. This has been one of the, if not
the main, challenges facing manufacturers as
they develop this type of system.
So how did Spektrum and Horizon mitigate
this challenge? They developed proprietary
technology called “DuaLink.” This system
broadcasts on two separate channels, which
means the AR6000 receiver is actually two
receivers in one. That’s not bad at only 7
grams.
The transmitter switches between the
two channels approximately 50 times per
second. The receiver—since it is actually
two receivers in one—listens to both
channels all the time. If one of the channels
has a problem, the other channel should
take over to provide perfect control of your
aircraft.
74 MODEL AVIATION
• Channel resolution: 1024
• Servos: Four S75 Sub Micro
• Exponential and dual rates on aileron and elevator
• Dual and exponential rates can be combined on one switch
• Trainer system compatible with Spektrum and JR radio systems
• Adjustable stick length
• Throttle trim only affects idle position
• Two-speed scrolling
• Throttle-smart fail-safe system
• Digital trims
The Spectrum Analyzer display spans 2.400-2.485 GHz. This screen from the DX6 signal
shows the two frequencies on which the transmitter is operating. They are selected
randomly by the transmitter each time it is powered up. The AR6000 receiver
automatically sets itself to match the transmitter’s selected frequencies.
The transmitter’s switches are located in fairly standard locations.
Some are programmable (see text). The transmitter’s shape
allows it to fit your hands nicely.
Look at the picture showing the spectrum analyzer’s screen.
Since it’s the signal coming from the transmitter, you will notice two
wave forms—the two channels the transmitter is sending to the
receiver. The frequency bandwidth displayed on the analyzer is 85
MHz. 2.4 GHz is on the left side of the screen and 2.485 is on the right
side.
Horizon and Spektrum have applied for more than 90 patents for
the DuaLink and DSM system technology. My initial testing has
proven that it works extremely well. I’ve flown the unit outside at quite
a distance away (as far as I dared to fly a 30-inch-wingspan aircraft
and still be able to see it).
I also flew it at a large indoor RC event, with as many as 14 other
spread spectrum systems and several 72 MHz systems in operation at
the same time. I never experienced anything other than perfectly solid
control.
In addition, I never had to worry about frequency control; I simply
turned on the transmitter, found a pilot station, and flew. I’ve also
conducted a few outdoor ground range tests, and all were satisfactory.
I should mention range checking in more detail. You can see in the
Specifications
pictures of the transmitter that the short
antenna is not removable or collapsible.
To range-check the unit, Spektrum has
built in a range-test button on the transmitter.
Pushing this button reduces the transmitter
output significantly, allowing the pilot to
conduct a normal range test. The instruction
manual indicates that roughly 90 feet of range
should be expected. Every test I’ve conducted
has exceeded that distance.
For the transmitter and the receiver to
“talk” to each other, they must have the same
GUID and agree to use the same two channels
in the 2.4 GHz band. The GUID is set during a
binding process that takes only a few seconds.
You can bind as many receivers to a single
transmitter as you desire.
To bind a receiver to the transmitter, plug
the supplied binding plug into the receiver’s
bind/battery slot and power it up using a
standard receiver battery pack. The receiver’s
internal LED will begin to blink, and then you
hold down the Bind/Range Test button on the
transmitter while turning it on.
In roughly two seconds the LED in the
receiver will stop blinking and illuminate
solidly. This indicates that the receiver has
bound with the transmitter and is ready for
normal operation.
You only have to conduct this operation
one time. This process also sets the
“transmitter off” fail-safe settings for each
aircraft in the transmitter’s memory, so you
will want to redo this anytime you set up a
new aircraft or change the settings of an
existing aircraft.
This is one system with which you will hardly
ever, if ever, have to go into fail-safe with
during a flight. However, it does have some
unique fail-safe abilities that make it a safer
system—especially for electric-powered
aircraft.
As I mentioned previously, transmitter-off
fail-safe is set during the binding process. This
system takes all your stick, mixing, and trim
settings for each aircraft at the time you bind
the system with the receiver as your fail-safe
settings.
This is the position to which the controls
will move if you power up the receiver before
the transmitter. Therefore, it is important that
you put your sticks and so forth in the position
you want to use as fail-safe when you bind the
system.
If the receiver goes to fail-safe during
normal operation, the controls will hold in the
last position at which they had a good signal.
However, the throttle behaves differently.
The system has what Spektrum calls Throttle-
Smart fail-safe for the throttle when using an
electric-powered aircraft. This defaults the
system to not send a signal to the ESC if the
transmitter is not turned on or it goes into the
fail-safe mode during flight.
This unique feature makes it possible—
and is recommended by the manufacturer—
for you to turn the aircraft (receiver) on in
advance of the transmitter (given that the failsafe
is programmed for such). This is the
opposite of what you would do with a
“typical” radio-control system. Doing so with
this system moves your aircraft flight-control
servos to positions you set during the binding
process and does not allow the ESC to arm.
When you are ready to fly, you turn on the
transmitter, wait a couple seconds for it to
select two channels on which to operate
(you’ll know when this happens because
you’ll have control of the aircraft), and go fly.
There are what I consider to be this
system’s most unique features. Now let’s look
at the more conventional features the DX6
incorporates.
The DX6 transmitter closely resembles the
popular JR 662 transmitter case and in fact
uses JR programming based on that old
system. The major differences between the
two transmitters are the color of the case andsome of the buttons, but the most obvious is
the short fixed-length plastic insulated
antenna.
However, this is not a JR radio; it is
produced by Spektrum for Horizon Hobby. If
you look at the picture of the transmitter with
its back off, you’ll see the printed circuit
board that has the rectangular, silver shield on
it. This board is the Spektrum portion of the
system and is responsible for the link to the
aircraft. The transmitter case is ergonomically
shaped and has nice handholds on the back.
Switches are positioned in fairly standard
locations, are easy to reach, and seem to be
high quality. The transmitter has two push
buttons along the front top panel—one on
each side near the dual rate/expo switches—
for trainer mode and throttle cut. They are one
of my few criticisms of the system.
The trainer button is positioned in a way
that makes it difficult to push and hold for any
length of time while holding onto the
transmitter. The position of the throttle-cut
button is not in a position I prefer, but it may
work well for others. Their cheap feel is
fortunately only a feel; they push a quality
electronic button inside the transmitter.
The transmitter also has dual rate and
exponential for ailerons and elevator.
Unfortunately this unit does not have it for the
rudder channel, which is my only other real
criticism of this system.
Two more switches are to the right and left
of the antenna along the top of the transmitter.
These are used to turn mixing on and off,
change the flight mode, and turn throttle hold
on or off in the helicopter mode.
Immediately below the antenna is an LCD
display that measures roughly 1 inch x 1 inch
and is easy to read. During normal operation it
indicates transmitter voltage and which
aircraft you have selected. This display also
guides you through the programming process
when you enter the programming mode.
At the bottom of the transmitter are two
more buttons, both of which are used to
program the transmitter. On the back of the
transmitter is the bind/range-check button.
Overall, the case has a clean, functional
appearance.
Trims are standard digital trim buttons. A
single push will adjust the trim in tiny
increments; holding the button will cause the
trim to move continuously until released. As
with most digital trims, the settings are
automatically saved for each aircraft.
The transmitter stick lengths are adjustable
using the supplied hex wrench. The sticks
have a nice feel to them—especially for a
transmitter in this price range. One of the tests
I like to do is push a stick diagonally with a
single finger and see how well it tracks across
the diagonal. These gimbals perform fairly
well with this test.
The throttle gimbal has a ratchet on it. I
prefer that the throttle has a light ratchet or no
ratchet at all. This one was a little rougher
than I liked. I found that I could lessen the
ratchet “notchiness” by loosening the screw
that holds it in place a fraction of a turn. You
can also turn the spring upside down to
completely remove the ratchet. This does
require that you open the back of the
transmitter, so don’t do it if you are
uncomfortable doing so.
The DX6 programming features include
airplane and helicopter essentials. It has 10
aircraft memories, each of which can be for
an airplane or a helicopter.
There are two main levels of
programming. The top level (System Mode)
sets aircraft type (helicopter or airplane), sets
wing type, does a data reset, does dual-rate
switch selection, and allows you to select
which model to fly. You can also name the
aircraft from this menu with as many as three
characters. The second level (Function Mode)configuration is set by what type of aircraft
you select (airplane or helicopter).
To access the top level of programming,
press the two programming buttons up while
powering up the transmitter. To access the
second level of programming, push the two
buttons up after the transmitter is already
powered up.
Let’s look at the airplane-specific features.
Dual rate (DR) and exponential programming
(EXPO) are available for the aileron and
elevator channels. Setting the dual rates or
expo is easy with this transmitter.
Each of the two switches has a “1” and a
“0” indicated on it. To set DR or EXPO, dial
in the amount you want for the position the
switch is in. The position is indicated on the
LCD display. The DR switch is selectable,
and the elevator and aileron dual rates can be
combined on one switch.
The airplane side has three programmable
mixes in addition to elevator-to-flap mixing,
flap-elevator offset trim mix, differential
ailerons, aileron-to-rudder mixing, flaperon
mixing, V-tail mixing, and delta-wing mixing.
The helicopter side of the system features
two flight modes affecting rates, throttle and
pitch curves, and gyro sensitivity. As would
be expected, 120° CCPM is supported as well.
One programmable mix is also provided.
The top right switch is set up for throttle
hold, and the faceplate-mounted push button
provides throttle cut. Pitch and throttle curves
are easy to set up and have three available
points. It would have been nice to have more
curve points; only three makes it difficult to
really dial in a machine. The top left toggle
switch changes the flight mode/gyro gain.
Revolution mixing is also available.
Spektrum has thoughtfully provided a
“cheat sheet” for you to stick on the bottom of
the transmitter that provides a programming
tree for you. Also supplied is a sticker to help
you recall which model is in which memory
position.
The tiny AR6000, as previously mentioned,
is two receivers in one. It measures 1.50 x
1.20 x 0.35 inches and weighs only 7
grams. It will operate in a voltage range of
3.2-9.6. Be sure of your servos’ abilities
before assuming they will work within this
voltage range; most will not.
The receiver draws approximately 75 mA.
As mentioned, it has two antennae; each is
less than 4 inches long and orientation is not
much of an issue. You can basically stick the
receiver almost anywhere you want.
The antennae are oriented 90° apart, and
that would be the optimum positioning.
However, more than once I’ve slapped the
receiver in the aircraft with little regard to
antenna orientation with no problems at all.
The four E-flite S75 submicroservos supplied
with the system are well suited for almost any
park flyer-type application. They are fairly
fast, at .12 second/60° at 4.8 volts. According
to the manufacturer, their torque rating is 17.2
ounce-inch at 4.8 volts.
Each servo weighs 7.5 grams and is .90 x
.45 x .94 inch. These center well and come
with a nice assortment of arms. One arm is
quite long and would be suitable for many 3-
D applications. The connector is universal,
allowing it to mate with most popular
receivers. Operating voltage is 4.8-5.3VDC.
I’ve found the Spektrum DX6 system easy to
use, well thought out, and an excellent value
for the money. I highly recommend it to
anyone who is just starting out in radio control
and is considering beginning with park flyerclass
aircraft.
If you are an experienced RCer and have
been flying many smaller aircraft, give this
system a close look. One thing is for sure:
you’ll never have to worry about frequency
control again.
As I mentioned, this system is intended
only for park flyer (small) RC models that fly
within a specific distance from the transmitter.
Those who fly larger aircraft have different
needs, and Spektrum requests that we be
patient; other products will become available
in good time. MA
Steve Kaluf
[email protected]
Distributor:
Horizon Hobby
4105 Fieldstone Rd.
Champaign IL 61822
(800) 338-4639
www.spektrumrc.com
Edition: Model Aviation - 2006/04
Page Numbers: 72,73,74,76,78,80
72 MODEL AVIATION
Technical Review: Horizon Hobby Spektrum DX6/AR6000 System
STEVE KALUF
This system includes the DX6 transmitter,
AR6000 receiver, four S75 submicroservos,
binding plug, system charger (not shown), and
illustrated manual (not shown).
THE DX6 from Spektrum RC (distributed by Horizon Hobby) is one
of the newest entries into radio systems made specifically for park flyer
and mini/micro helicopter use. However, that is where any similarity to
other radio systems ends. The DX6 is the first mass-market radiocontrol
system for air to utilize the 2.4 GHz band and spread spectrum
technology!
This review will consist of two parts, the first of which will look at
the spread spectrum technology the DX6 employs and its unique
properties. The second part will look at this system’s more “normal”
features.
What’s in the box? The system is neatly packaged and includes the
DX6 transmitter, AR6000 Park Flyer receiver, four S75 Sub-Micro
servos, system charger, hex wrench to adjust transmitter stick length,
instruction manual, and receiver binding plug (more about that later).
No receiver battery pack is included. It’s fairly obvious that this
system was put together to cater to small electric-powered models.
Spread spectrum technology is nothing new; it’s been around since
World War II and was originally invented and patented by Hedy
Lamarr and George Antheil. The patent for a “Secret Communication
System” was granted on August 11, 1942.
Spread spectrum takes a fairly large amount of bandwidth for each
channel on which it operates; the bandwidth used for each channel is a
bit more than 1 MHz. The majority of this “signal” is pseudo random
or pseudo noise codes. These “spreading” codes run at many times the
bandwidth actually occupied by the genuine information being
transmitted.
This feature makes a spread spectrum signal hard to intercept or
jam (RCers read that as interference rejection). The total amount of
available bandwidth in the 2.4 GHz band is roughly 85 MHz.
To operate, a spread spectrum system either finds an open spot to
operate on or hops around the band in a pseudo random manner. These
two methods are called “direct sequence” or “frequency hopping.”
There are advantages and disadvantages to each method. Spektrum
has found that direct sequence works best for radio control. Direct
sequence has the ability to deliver the information to the receiver faster
than the frequency-hopping method does. The speed at which this
happens is called “latency.”
Perhaps the most interesting and valuable thing about spread
spectrum devices in the 2.4 GHz band is their ability to work with each
other and operate at the same time without interference or any other
problems.
How many devices do you own that operate in this band? Do you
have a cordless phone? Does your notebook computer connect
wirelessly to a WiFi network? If you answered yes to either question,
April 2006 73
• Six-channel park flyer system
• 10-model memory
• 2.4 GHz DSM (Digital Spectrum Modulation)
• AR6000 receiver and S75 servos
• Street price: $199.99
Features
The tiny AR6000 receiver sports two 3.75-inch antennae—one for
each frequency it’s bound by the transmitter to listen.
Four S75 submicroservos are included with the system. They are
perfect for almost any park flyer-size aircraft.
The Bind/Range Test button on the back of the transmitter is used
to situate the GUID code link between the two parts of the
system.
Photos by Steve Kaluf
Inside the DX6 transmitter the layout is clean. The heart of the
spread spectrum part of the system is the board in the center of
the case.
The metal plate over the electronic components is used to shield
against other RF interference. Note the Horizon Hobby copyright
statement.
The DX6 transmitter’s display is large enough to show the
information clearly. Three characters are allowed to name models.
Airplane Program features:
Aileron-to-rudder mixing, elevator-to-flap mixing, flap-toelevator
mixing, flaperon mixing, delta-wing mixing, aileron
differential, V-tail mixing, three programmable mixes.
Helicopter Program Features:
Two three-point throttle curves, three three-point pitch
curves, throttle hold, revolution mixing up and down, one
programmable mix, supports 120° Cyclic Collective Pitch
Mixing (CCPM), has an independent digital trim setting for
each flight mode. The flight mode switch can combine throttle
curves, pitch curves, dual and exponential (expo) rates, and
gyro sensitivity.
Programming
you may have a device operating in the 2.4 GHz band and using spread
spectrum technology.
So what allows these devices to work together at the same time?
Each has a Globally Unique Identifier Code (GUID); there are more
than 4.2 million GUID codes available, and they make it virtually
impossible for one device to interfere with another.
What makes this even better is that it is an international standard. So
no matter where you go, these devices should be able to work together
seamlessly.
Additionally, all 2.4 GHz devices are regulated so that they may not
have a power output of higher than 1 watt. This is a welcome change
from most of the other bands that allow many different power levels.
The DX6 transmitter has a power output of roughly 100mW, which
seems more than adequate to do its intended job.
There are many other advantages to a system operating in this band
using this technology. How about a transmitter antenna that is only
roughly 5 inches long or receiver antennae that are only 3.75 inches
long? How about a system that operates in a frequency band that is far
above the frequency at which interference from motors and other like
devices operate? How about never having to
worry about frequency control again?
You might want to reread that last sentence.
Using this system you do not have to worry
about frequency control. If you want to fly,
you simply turn on the transmitter and go fly.
There are a couple items of interest with the
2.4 GHz band and spread spectrum. The main
one is the antenna system. These antennae (any
antenna really) want to have a clean line of
sight to each other. As such, they are sensitive
to orientation. This has been one of the, if not
the main, challenges facing manufacturers as
they develop this type of system.
So how did Spektrum and Horizon mitigate
this challenge? They developed proprietary
technology called “DuaLink.” This system
broadcasts on two separate channels, which
means the AR6000 receiver is actually two
receivers in one. That’s not bad at only 7
grams.
The transmitter switches between the
two channels approximately 50 times per
second. The receiver—since it is actually
two receivers in one—listens to both
channels all the time. If one of the channels
has a problem, the other channel should
take over to provide perfect control of your
aircraft.
74 MODEL AVIATION
• Channel resolution: 1024
• Servos: Four S75 Sub Micro
• Exponential and dual rates on aileron and elevator
• Dual and exponential rates can be combined on one switch
• Trainer system compatible with Spektrum and JR radio systems
• Adjustable stick length
• Throttle trim only affects idle position
• Two-speed scrolling
• Throttle-smart fail-safe system
• Digital trims
The Spectrum Analyzer display spans 2.400-2.485 GHz. This screen from the DX6 signal
shows the two frequencies on which the transmitter is operating. They are selected
randomly by the transmitter each time it is powered up. The AR6000 receiver
automatically sets itself to match the transmitter’s selected frequencies.
The transmitter’s switches are located in fairly standard locations.
Some are programmable (see text). The transmitter’s shape
allows it to fit your hands nicely.
Look at the picture showing the spectrum analyzer’s screen.
Since it’s the signal coming from the transmitter, you will notice two
wave forms—the two channels the transmitter is sending to the
receiver. The frequency bandwidth displayed on the analyzer is 85
MHz. 2.4 GHz is on the left side of the screen and 2.485 is on the right
side.
Horizon and Spektrum have applied for more than 90 patents for
the DuaLink and DSM system technology. My initial testing has
proven that it works extremely well. I’ve flown the unit outside at quite
a distance away (as far as I dared to fly a 30-inch-wingspan aircraft
and still be able to see it).
I also flew it at a large indoor RC event, with as many as 14 other
spread spectrum systems and several 72 MHz systems in operation at
the same time. I never experienced anything other than perfectly solid
control.
In addition, I never had to worry about frequency control; I simply
turned on the transmitter, found a pilot station, and flew. I’ve also
conducted a few outdoor ground range tests, and all were satisfactory.
I should mention range checking in more detail. You can see in the
Specifications
pictures of the transmitter that the short
antenna is not removable or collapsible.
To range-check the unit, Spektrum has
built in a range-test button on the transmitter.
Pushing this button reduces the transmitter
output significantly, allowing the pilot to
conduct a normal range test. The instruction
manual indicates that roughly 90 feet of range
should be expected. Every test I’ve conducted
has exceeded that distance.
For the transmitter and the receiver to
“talk” to each other, they must have the same
GUID and agree to use the same two channels
in the 2.4 GHz band. The GUID is set during a
binding process that takes only a few seconds.
You can bind as many receivers to a single
transmitter as you desire.
To bind a receiver to the transmitter, plug
the supplied binding plug into the receiver’s
bind/battery slot and power it up using a
standard receiver battery pack. The receiver’s
internal LED will begin to blink, and then you
hold down the Bind/Range Test button on the
transmitter while turning it on.
In roughly two seconds the LED in the
receiver will stop blinking and illuminate
solidly. This indicates that the receiver has
bound with the transmitter and is ready for
normal operation.
You only have to conduct this operation
one time. This process also sets the
“transmitter off” fail-safe settings for each
aircraft in the transmitter’s memory, so you
will want to redo this anytime you set up a
new aircraft or change the settings of an
existing aircraft.
This is one system with which you will hardly
ever, if ever, have to go into fail-safe with
during a flight. However, it does have some
unique fail-safe abilities that make it a safer
system—especially for electric-powered
aircraft.
As I mentioned previously, transmitter-off
fail-safe is set during the binding process. This
system takes all your stick, mixing, and trim
settings for each aircraft at the time you bind
the system with the receiver as your fail-safe
settings.
This is the position to which the controls
will move if you power up the receiver before
the transmitter. Therefore, it is important that
you put your sticks and so forth in the position
you want to use as fail-safe when you bind the
system.
If the receiver goes to fail-safe during
normal operation, the controls will hold in the
last position at which they had a good signal.
However, the throttle behaves differently.
The system has what Spektrum calls Throttle-
Smart fail-safe for the throttle when using an
electric-powered aircraft. This defaults the
system to not send a signal to the ESC if the
transmitter is not turned on or it goes into the
fail-safe mode during flight.
This unique feature makes it possible—
and is recommended by the manufacturer—
for you to turn the aircraft (receiver) on in
advance of the transmitter (given that the failsafe
is programmed for such). This is the
opposite of what you would do with a
“typical” radio-control system. Doing so with
this system moves your aircraft flight-control
servos to positions you set during the binding
process and does not allow the ESC to arm.
When you are ready to fly, you turn on the
transmitter, wait a couple seconds for it to
select two channels on which to operate
(you’ll know when this happens because
you’ll have control of the aircraft), and go fly.
There are what I consider to be this
system’s most unique features. Now let’s look
at the more conventional features the DX6
incorporates.
The DX6 transmitter closely resembles the
popular JR 662 transmitter case and in fact
uses JR programming based on that old
system. The major differences between the
two transmitters are the color of the case andsome of the buttons, but the most obvious is
the short fixed-length plastic insulated
antenna.
However, this is not a JR radio; it is
produced by Spektrum for Horizon Hobby. If
you look at the picture of the transmitter with
its back off, you’ll see the printed circuit
board that has the rectangular, silver shield on
it. This board is the Spektrum portion of the
system and is responsible for the link to the
aircraft. The transmitter case is ergonomically
shaped and has nice handholds on the back.
Switches are positioned in fairly standard
locations, are easy to reach, and seem to be
high quality. The transmitter has two push
buttons along the front top panel—one on
each side near the dual rate/expo switches—
for trainer mode and throttle cut. They are one
of my few criticisms of the system.
The trainer button is positioned in a way
that makes it difficult to push and hold for any
length of time while holding onto the
transmitter. The position of the throttle-cut
button is not in a position I prefer, but it may
work well for others. Their cheap feel is
fortunately only a feel; they push a quality
electronic button inside the transmitter.
The transmitter also has dual rate and
exponential for ailerons and elevator.
Unfortunately this unit does not have it for the
rudder channel, which is my only other real
criticism of this system.
Two more switches are to the right and left
of the antenna along the top of the transmitter.
These are used to turn mixing on and off,
change the flight mode, and turn throttle hold
on or off in the helicopter mode.
Immediately below the antenna is an LCD
display that measures roughly 1 inch x 1 inch
and is easy to read. During normal operation it
indicates transmitter voltage and which
aircraft you have selected. This display also
guides you through the programming process
when you enter the programming mode.
At the bottom of the transmitter are two
more buttons, both of which are used to
program the transmitter. On the back of the
transmitter is the bind/range-check button.
Overall, the case has a clean, functional
appearance.
Trims are standard digital trim buttons. A
single push will adjust the trim in tiny
increments; holding the button will cause the
trim to move continuously until released. As
with most digital trims, the settings are
automatically saved for each aircraft.
The transmitter stick lengths are adjustable
using the supplied hex wrench. The sticks
have a nice feel to them—especially for a
transmitter in this price range. One of the tests
I like to do is push a stick diagonally with a
single finger and see how well it tracks across
the diagonal. These gimbals perform fairly
well with this test.
The throttle gimbal has a ratchet on it. I
prefer that the throttle has a light ratchet or no
ratchet at all. This one was a little rougher
than I liked. I found that I could lessen the
ratchet “notchiness” by loosening the screw
that holds it in place a fraction of a turn. You
can also turn the spring upside down to
completely remove the ratchet. This does
require that you open the back of the
transmitter, so don’t do it if you are
uncomfortable doing so.
The DX6 programming features include
airplane and helicopter essentials. It has 10
aircraft memories, each of which can be for
an airplane or a helicopter.
There are two main levels of
programming. The top level (System Mode)
sets aircraft type (helicopter or airplane), sets
wing type, does a data reset, does dual-rate
switch selection, and allows you to select
which model to fly. You can also name the
aircraft from this menu with as many as three
characters. The second level (Function Mode)configuration is set by what type of aircraft
you select (airplane or helicopter).
To access the top level of programming,
press the two programming buttons up while
powering up the transmitter. To access the
second level of programming, push the two
buttons up after the transmitter is already
powered up.
Let’s look at the airplane-specific features.
Dual rate (DR) and exponential programming
(EXPO) are available for the aileron and
elevator channels. Setting the dual rates or
expo is easy with this transmitter.
Each of the two switches has a “1” and a
“0” indicated on it. To set DR or EXPO, dial
in the amount you want for the position the
switch is in. The position is indicated on the
LCD display. The DR switch is selectable,
and the elevator and aileron dual rates can be
combined on one switch.
The airplane side has three programmable
mixes in addition to elevator-to-flap mixing,
flap-elevator offset trim mix, differential
ailerons, aileron-to-rudder mixing, flaperon
mixing, V-tail mixing, and delta-wing mixing.
The helicopter side of the system features
two flight modes affecting rates, throttle and
pitch curves, and gyro sensitivity. As would
be expected, 120° CCPM is supported as well.
One programmable mix is also provided.
The top right switch is set up for throttle
hold, and the faceplate-mounted push button
provides throttle cut. Pitch and throttle curves
are easy to set up and have three available
points. It would have been nice to have more
curve points; only three makes it difficult to
really dial in a machine. The top left toggle
switch changes the flight mode/gyro gain.
Revolution mixing is also available.
Spektrum has thoughtfully provided a
“cheat sheet” for you to stick on the bottom of
the transmitter that provides a programming
tree for you. Also supplied is a sticker to help
you recall which model is in which memory
position.
The tiny AR6000, as previously mentioned,
is two receivers in one. It measures 1.50 x
1.20 x 0.35 inches and weighs only 7
grams. It will operate in a voltage range of
3.2-9.6. Be sure of your servos’ abilities
before assuming they will work within this
voltage range; most will not.
The receiver draws approximately 75 mA.
As mentioned, it has two antennae; each is
less than 4 inches long and orientation is not
much of an issue. You can basically stick the
receiver almost anywhere you want.
The antennae are oriented 90° apart, and
that would be the optimum positioning.
However, more than once I’ve slapped the
receiver in the aircraft with little regard to
antenna orientation with no problems at all.
The four E-flite S75 submicroservos supplied
with the system are well suited for almost any
park flyer-type application. They are fairly
fast, at .12 second/60° at 4.8 volts. According
to the manufacturer, their torque rating is 17.2
ounce-inch at 4.8 volts.
Each servo weighs 7.5 grams and is .90 x
.45 x .94 inch. These center well and come
with a nice assortment of arms. One arm is
quite long and would be suitable for many 3-
D applications. The connector is universal,
allowing it to mate with most popular
receivers. Operating voltage is 4.8-5.3VDC.
I’ve found the Spektrum DX6 system easy to
use, well thought out, and an excellent value
for the money. I highly recommend it to
anyone who is just starting out in radio control
and is considering beginning with park flyerclass
aircraft.
If you are an experienced RCer and have
been flying many smaller aircraft, give this
system a close look. One thing is for sure:
you’ll never have to worry about frequency
control again.
As I mentioned, this system is intended
only for park flyer (small) RC models that fly
within a specific distance from the transmitter.
Those who fly larger aircraft have different
needs, and Spektrum requests that we be
patient; other products will become available
in good time. MA
Steve Kaluf
[email protected]
Distributor:
Horizon Hobby
4105 Fieldstone Rd.
Champaign IL 61822
(800) 338-4639
www.spektrumrc.com
Edition: Model Aviation - 2006/04
Page Numbers: 72,73,74,76,78,80
72 MODEL AVIATION
Technical Review: Horizon Hobby Spektrum DX6/AR6000 System
STEVE KALUF
This system includes the DX6 transmitter,
AR6000 receiver, four S75 submicroservos,
binding plug, system charger (not shown), and
illustrated manual (not shown).
THE DX6 from Spektrum RC (distributed by Horizon Hobby) is one
of the newest entries into radio systems made specifically for park flyer
and mini/micro helicopter use. However, that is where any similarity to
other radio systems ends. The DX6 is the first mass-market radiocontrol
system for air to utilize the 2.4 GHz band and spread spectrum
technology!
This review will consist of two parts, the first of which will look at
the spread spectrum technology the DX6 employs and its unique
properties. The second part will look at this system’s more “normal”
features.
What’s in the box? The system is neatly packaged and includes the
DX6 transmitter, AR6000 Park Flyer receiver, four S75 Sub-Micro
servos, system charger, hex wrench to adjust transmitter stick length,
instruction manual, and receiver binding plug (more about that later).
No receiver battery pack is included. It’s fairly obvious that this
system was put together to cater to small electric-powered models.
Spread spectrum technology is nothing new; it’s been around since
World War II and was originally invented and patented by Hedy
Lamarr and George Antheil. The patent for a “Secret Communication
System” was granted on August 11, 1942.
Spread spectrum takes a fairly large amount of bandwidth for each
channel on which it operates; the bandwidth used for each channel is a
bit more than 1 MHz. The majority of this “signal” is pseudo random
or pseudo noise codes. These “spreading” codes run at many times the
bandwidth actually occupied by the genuine information being
transmitted.
This feature makes a spread spectrum signal hard to intercept or
jam (RCers read that as interference rejection). The total amount of
available bandwidth in the 2.4 GHz band is roughly 85 MHz.
To operate, a spread spectrum system either finds an open spot to
operate on or hops around the band in a pseudo random manner. These
two methods are called “direct sequence” or “frequency hopping.”
There are advantages and disadvantages to each method. Spektrum
has found that direct sequence works best for radio control. Direct
sequence has the ability to deliver the information to the receiver faster
than the frequency-hopping method does. The speed at which this
happens is called “latency.”
Perhaps the most interesting and valuable thing about spread
spectrum devices in the 2.4 GHz band is their ability to work with each
other and operate at the same time without interference or any other
problems.
How many devices do you own that operate in this band? Do you
have a cordless phone? Does your notebook computer connect
wirelessly to a WiFi network? If you answered yes to either question,
April 2006 73
• Six-channel park flyer system
• 10-model memory
• 2.4 GHz DSM (Digital Spectrum Modulation)
• AR6000 receiver and S75 servos
• Street price: $199.99
Features
The tiny AR6000 receiver sports two 3.75-inch antennae—one for
each frequency it’s bound by the transmitter to listen.
Four S75 submicroservos are included with the system. They are
perfect for almost any park flyer-size aircraft.
The Bind/Range Test button on the back of the transmitter is used
to situate the GUID code link between the two parts of the
system.
Photos by Steve Kaluf
Inside the DX6 transmitter the layout is clean. The heart of the
spread spectrum part of the system is the board in the center of
the case.
The metal plate over the electronic components is used to shield
against other RF interference. Note the Horizon Hobby copyright
statement.
The DX6 transmitter’s display is large enough to show the
information clearly. Three characters are allowed to name models.
Airplane Program features:
Aileron-to-rudder mixing, elevator-to-flap mixing, flap-toelevator
mixing, flaperon mixing, delta-wing mixing, aileron
differential, V-tail mixing, three programmable mixes.
Helicopter Program Features:
Two three-point throttle curves, three three-point pitch
curves, throttle hold, revolution mixing up and down, one
programmable mix, supports 120° Cyclic Collective Pitch
Mixing (CCPM), has an independent digital trim setting for
each flight mode. The flight mode switch can combine throttle
curves, pitch curves, dual and exponential (expo) rates, and
gyro sensitivity.
Programming
you may have a device operating in the 2.4 GHz band and using spread
spectrum technology.
So what allows these devices to work together at the same time?
Each has a Globally Unique Identifier Code (GUID); there are more
than 4.2 million GUID codes available, and they make it virtually
impossible for one device to interfere with another.
What makes this even better is that it is an international standard. So
no matter where you go, these devices should be able to work together
seamlessly.
Additionally, all 2.4 GHz devices are regulated so that they may not
have a power output of higher than 1 watt. This is a welcome change
from most of the other bands that allow many different power levels.
The DX6 transmitter has a power output of roughly 100mW, which
seems more than adequate to do its intended job.
There are many other advantages to a system operating in this band
using this technology. How about a transmitter antenna that is only
roughly 5 inches long or receiver antennae that are only 3.75 inches
long? How about a system that operates in a frequency band that is far
above the frequency at which interference from motors and other like
devices operate? How about never having to
worry about frequency control again?
You might want to reread that last sentence.
Using this system you do not have to worry
about frequency control. If you want to fly,
you simply turn on the transmitter and go fly.
There are a couple items of interest with the
2.4 GHz band and spread spectrum. The main
one is the antenna system. These antennae (any
antenna really) want to have a clean line of
sight to each other. As such, they are sensitive
to orientation. This has been one of the, if not
the main, challenges facing manufacturers as
they develop this type of system.
So how did Spektrum and Horizon mitigate
this challenge? They developed proprietary
technology called “DuaLink.” This system
broadcasts on two separate channels, which
means the AR6000 receiver is actually two
receivers in one. That’s not bad at only 7
grams.
The transmitter switches between the
two channels approximately 50 times per
second. The receiver—since it is actually
two receivers in one—listens to both
channels all the time. If one of the channels
has a problem, the other channel should
take over to provide perfect control of your
aircraft.
74 MODEL AVIATION
• Channel resolution: 1024
• Servos: Four S75 Sub Micro
• Exponential and dual rates on aileron and elevator
• Dual and exponential rates can be combined on one switch
• Trainer system compatible with Spektrum and JR radio systems
• Adjustable stick length
• Throttle trim only affects idle position
• Two-speed scrolling
• Throttle-smart fail-safe system
• Digital trims
The Spectrum Analyzer display spans 2.400-2.485 GHz. This screen from the DX6 signal
shows the two frequencies on which the transmitter is operating. They are selected
randomly by the transmitter each time it is powered up. The AR6000 receiver
automatically sets itself to match the transmitter’s selected frequencies.
The transmitter’s switches are located in fairly standard locations.
Some are programmable (see text). The transmitter’s shape
allows it to fit your hands nicely.
Look at the picture showing the spectrum analyzer’s screen.
Since it’s the signal coming from the transmitter, you will notice two
wave forms—the two channels the transmitter is sending to the
receiver. The frequency bandwidth displayed on the analyzer is 85
MHz. 2.4 GHz is on the left side of the screen and 2.485 is on the right
side.
Horizon and Spektrum have applied for more than 90 patents for
the DuaLink and DSM system technology. My initial testing has
proven that it works extremely well. I’ve flown the unit outside at quite
a distance away (as far as I dared to fly a 30-inch-wingspan aircraft
and still be able to see it).
I also flew it at a large indoor RC event, with as many as 14 other
spread spectrum systems and several 72 MHz systems in operation at
the same time. I never experienced anything other than perfectly solid
control.
In addition, I never had to worry about frequency control; I simply
turned on the transmitter, found a pilot station, and flew. I’ve also
conducted a few outdoor ground range tests, and all were satisfactory.
I should mention range checking in more detail. You can see in the
Specifications
pictures of the transmitter that the short
antenna is not removable or collapsible.
To range-check the unit, Spektrum has
built in a range-test button on the transmitter.
Pushing this button reduces the transmitter
output significantly, allowing the pilot to
conduct a normal range test. The instruction
manual indicates that roughly 90 feet of range
should be expected. Every test I’ve conducted
has exceeded that distance.
For the transmitter and the receiver to
“talk” to each other, they must have the same
GUID and agree to use the same two channels
in the 2.4 GHz band. The GUID is set during a
binding process that takes only a few seconds.
You can bind as many receivers to a single
transmitter as you desire.
To bind a receiver to the transmitter, plug
the supplied binding plug into the receiver’s
bind/battery slot and power it up using a
standard receiver battery pack. The receiver’s
internal LED will begin to blink, and then you
hold down the Bind/Range Test button on the
transmitter while turning it on.
In roughly two seconds the LED in the
receiver will stop blinking and illuminate
solidly. This indicates that the receiver has
bound with the transmitter and is ready for
normal operation.
You only have to conduct this operation
one time. This process also sets the
“transmitter off” fail-safe settings for each
aircraft in the transmitter’s memory, so you
will want to redo this anytime you set up a
new aircraft or change the settings of an
existing aircraft.
This is one system with which you will hardly
ever, if ever, have to go into fail-safe with
during a flight. However, it does have some
unique fail-safe abilities that make it a safer
system—especially for electric-powered
aircraft.
As I mentioned previously, transmitter-off
fail-safe is set during the binding process. This
system takes all your stick, mixing, and trim
settings for each aircraft at the time you bind
the system with the receiver as your fail-safe
settings.
This is the position to which the controls
will move if you power up the receiver before
the transmitter. Therefore, it is important that
you put your sticks and so forth in the position
you want to use as fail-safe when you bind the
system.
If the receiver goes to fail-safe during
normal operation, the controls will hold in the
last position at which they had a good signal.
However, the throttle behaves differently.
The system has what Spektrum calls Throttle-
Smart fail-safe for the throttle when using an
electric-powered aircraft. This defaults the
system to not send a signal to the ESC if the
transmitter is not turned on or it goes into the
fail-safe mode during flight.
This unique feature makes it possible—
and is recommended by the manufacturer—
for you to turn the aircraft (receiver) on in
advance of the transmitter (given that the failsafe
is programmed for such). This is the
opposite of what you would do with a
“typical” radio-control system. Doing so with
this system moves your aircraft flight-control
servos to positions you set during the binding
process and does not allow the ESC to arm.
When you are ready to fly, you turn on the
transmitter, wait a couple seconds for it to
select two channels on which to operate
(you’ll know when this happens because
you’ll have control of the aircraft), and go fly.
There are what I consider to be this
system’s most unique features. Now let’s look
at the more conventional features the DX6
incorporates.
The DX6 transmitter closely resembles the
popular JR 662 transmitter case and in fact
uses JR programming based on that old
system. The major differences between the
two transmitters are the color of the case andsome of the buttons, but the most obvious is
the short fixed-length plastic insulated
antenna.
However, this is not a JR radio; it is
produced by Spektrum for Horizon Hobby. If
you look at the picture of the transmitter with
its back off, you’ll see the printed circuit
board that has the rectangular, silver shield on
it. This board is the Spektrum portion of the
system and is responsible for the link to the
aircraft. The transmitter case is ergonomically
shaped and has nice handholds on the back.
Switches are positioned in fairly standard
locations, are easy to reach, and seem to be
high quality. The transmitter has two push
buttons along the front top panel—one on
each side near the dual rate/expo switches—
for trainer mode and throttle cut. They are one
of my few criticisms of the system.
The trainer button is positioned in a way
that makes it difficult to push and hold for any
length of time while holding onto the
transmitter. The position of the throttle-cut
button is not in a position I prefer, but it may
work well for others. Their cheap feel is
fortunately only a feel; they push a quality
electronic button inside the transmitter.
The transmitter also has dual rate and
exponential for ailerons and elevator.
Unfortunately this unit does not have it for the
rudder channel, which is my only other real
criticism of this system.
Two more switches are to the right and left
of the antenna along the top of the transmitter.
These are used to turn mixing on and off,
change the flight mode, and turn throttle hold
on or off in the helicopter mode.
Immediately below the antenna is an LCD
display that measures roughly 1 inch x 1 inch
and is easy to read. During normal operation it
indicates transmitter voltage and which
aircraft you have selected. This display also
guides you through the programming process
when you enter the programming mode.
At the bottom of the transmitter are two
more buttons, both of which are used to
program the transmitter. On the back of the
transmitter is the bind/range-check button.
Overall, the case has a clean, functional
appearance.
Trims are standard digital trim buttons. A
single push will adjust the trim in tiny
increments; holding the button will cause the
trim to move continuously until released. As
with most digital trims, the settings are
automatically saved for each aircraft.
The transmitter stick lengths are adjustable
using the supplied hex wrench. The sticks
have a nice feel to them—especially for a
transmitter in this price range. One of the tests
I like to do is push a stick diagonally with a
single finger and see how well it tracks across
the diagonal. These gimbals perform fairly
well with this test.
The throttle gimbal has a ratchet on it. I
prefer that the throttle has a light ratchet or no
ratchet at all. This one was a little rougher
than I liked. I found that I could lessen the
ratchet “notchiness” by loosening the screw
that holds it in place a fraction of a turn. You
can also turn the spring upside down to
completely remove the ratchet. This does
require that you open the back of the
transmitter, so don’t do it if you are
uncomfortable doing so.
The DX6 programming features include
airplane and helicopter essentials. It has 10
aircraft memories, each of which can be for
an airplane or a helicopter.
There are two main levels of
programming. The top level (System Mode)
sets aircraft type (helicopter or airplane), sets
wing type, does a data reset, does dual-rate
switch selection, and allows you to select
which model to fly. You can also name the
aircraft from this menu with as many as three
characters. The second level (Function Mode)configuration is set by what type of aircraft
you select (airplane or helicopter).
To access the top level of programming,
press the two programming buttons up while
powering up the transmitter. To access the
second level of programming, push the two
buttons up after the transmitter is already
powered up.
Let’s look at the airplane-specific features.
Dual rate (DR) and exponential programming
(EXPO) are available for the aileron and
elevator channels. Setting the dual rates or
expo is easy with this transmitter.
Each of the two switches has a “1” and a
“0” indicated on it. To set DR or EXPO, dial
in the amount you want for the position the
switch is in. The position is indicated on the
LCD display. The DR switch is selectable,
and the elevator and aileron dual rates can be
combined on one switch.
The airplane side has three programmable
mixes in addition to elevator-to-flap mixing,
flap-elevator offset trim mix, differential
ailerons, aileron-to-rudder mixing, flaperon
mixing, V-tail mixing, and delta-wing mixing.
The helicopter side of the system features
two flight modes affecting rates, throttle and
pitch curves, and gyro sensitivity. As would
be expected, 120° CCPM is supported as well.
One programmable mix is also provided.
The top right switch is set up for throttle
hold, and the faceplate-mounted push button
provides throttle cut. Pitch and throttle curves
are easy to set up and have three available
points. It would have been nice to have more
curve points; only three makes it difficult to
really dial in a machine. The top left toggle
switch changes the flight mode/gyro gain.
Revolution mixing is also available.
Spektrum has thoughtfully provided a
“cheat sheet” for you to stick on the bottom of
the transmitter that provides a programming
tree for you. Also supplied is a sticker to help
you recall which model is in which memory
position.
The tiny AR6000, as previously mentioned,
is two receivers in one. It measures 1.50 x
1.20 x 0.35 inches and weighs only 7
grams. It will operate in a voltage range of
3.2-9.6. Be sure of your servos’ abilities
before assuming they will work within this
voltage range; most will not.
The receiver draws approximately 75 mA.
As mentioned, it has two antennae; each is
less than 4 inches long and orientation is not
much of an issue. You can basically stick the
receiver almost anywhere you want.
The antennae are oriented 90° apart, and
that would be the optimum positioning.
However, more than once I’ve slapped the
receiver in the aircraft with little regard to
antenna orientation with no problems at all.
The four E-flite S75 submicroservos supplied
with the system are well suited for almost any
park flyer-type application. They are fairly
fast, at .12 second/60° at 4.8 volts. According
to the manufacturer, their torque rating is 17.2
ounce-inch at 4.8 volts.
Each servo weighs 7.5 grams and is .90 x
.45 x .94 inch. These center well and come
with a nice assortment of arms. One arm is
quite long and would be suitable for many 3-
D applications. The connector is universal,
allowing it to mate with most popular
receivers. Operating voltage is 4.8-5.3VDC.
I’ve found the Spektrum DX6 system easy to
use, well thought out, and an excellent value
for the money. I highly recommend it to
anyone who is just starting out in radio control
and is considering beginning with park flyerclass
aircraft.
If you are an experienced RCer and have
been flying many smaller aircraft, give this
system a close look. One thing is for sure:
you’ll never have to worry about frequency
control again.
As I mentioned, this system is intended
only for park flyer (small) RC models that fly
within a specific distance from the transmitter.
Those who fly larger aircraft have different
needs, and Spektrum requests that we be
patient; other products will become available
in good time. MA
Steve Kaluf
[email protected]
Distributor:
Horizon Hobby
4105 Fieldstone Rd.
Champaign IL 61822
(800) 338-4639
www.spektrumrc.com