Blackburn Type 1 Monoplane

Left Once upon time sailing majestically along fragile looking Blackburn model sug gests what flying once ribs framework struts bracing wires pilot breeze Right A rare photo real Blackburn Improved Type 1 West Auckland July 11 1914 surprising aspects airplane photo its large size indicated pilot lean ing against its trailing edge Below The Blackburn has always popu lar scale modeling subject because its ideal proportions generally modeling type con struction Bottom Using float data given plan can quickly switch water opera tions losing ability go back land An historic RC scale model 40 power 4 channels flies beautifully looks Fly off land water Harry Apolan THE HISTORY Robert Blackburn aviator trained engineering mind replete important very significant contributions made dur ing lifetime book Blackburn Air planes Since 1909 J Jackson dis cusses detail airplanes built 1909 up beginning World War five years 11 different air plane configurations built docu mentedquite achievement time period After 1914 originality genius produced aircraft land/sea version developed two-place Type Model built 1914 subsequent improved Type air plane built seaplane version assembled original landplane powered 80 hp Gnome rotary engine almost completely cowled seaplane version 100 hp twin-row 5-cylinder radial An zani engine Photographs air planes show beauty simplicity land/sea airplane gen erated unique attractive scale model good flying characteristics can easily converted either land-plane seaplane uninitiated design scale model may present formidable task few pointers might dispel apprehen sion general best select sim plistic airplane minimal deviations normal configuration real flew success model greatly enhanced Leave venetian blind counter-rotating helicopters knowledgeable expert builder Unless seeking maximize scale points simplify full-scale intricacies im provising omitting excessive details During design get center gravity well forward scale models notoriously tail heavy beefy nose solid land ing gear wont hurt will reduce repairs An engine size larger think necessary also will help tremendously 4 Model Aviation save weight skimpy engine add lead nose later Whats wrong flying part-throttle anyway addition build tail sections light tail areas should 5% 10% larger model stability Aerodynamic loads small thus primary reason strong tail surfaces prevent warping discussion about covering model explains warping can prevented Also during design allow plenty control movement ie lateral travel does mean youll need use flight should need allowance extra throw controls may give added flying margin may wish Finally markings identifications colors must integrated design pilot cockpit imperativeit makes model look realistic Basically criteria used selecting building improved Type Land/Sea Blackburn About now youll have noticed de signing model oriented towards its utility essentially based past modeling experience aerodynamics stress analysis performance has its place airplane design still prone error Refinements analysis wind-tunnel tests fabrication techniques have verified actual off-the-ground flight ex perience scale model Land/Sea Blackburn evolved several improve ments first versions addition floats became dual purpose model Construction Building model very important factor since reflects efficiency utilizing materials way primarily aimed minimizing weight five-pound airplane conservatively assuming pound radio gear pound engine/prop/fuel 1/2 pound land ing gear miscellaneous hardware left 2 3 pounds might save pound Therefore judicious use materials presents op portunity build model weighing 4 Blackburn Type 1 Monoplane May1976 5 / 7 BLACKBURN IMPROVED TYPE 2 WASHOUT AT EACH TIP L E DOWN USE 1/64 SHEET STEEL FOR WING WIRE BRACKET 6 PER SIDE-7 L E HARD 3/8 X /2 II MAIN SPAR MEDIUM 3/16 X TAPER TO /2 AT TIP7 IIIi /II 3/4 DIHEDRAL LJNIIER EACH WING TIP AT 7 IIS LOCATION v~iitLSOFT 3/32 TIP 1 -IU BATTERY T E 3/8 X 1/2LAND VERSION COWL AILERON 3/16X 7/8BALSA FRONT.- ALUMINUM FAIRING- - -- ILERON T WING PANEL SHOWN:-iSERVO PHANTOM--z I1-44L..-STEEL RETAINERFUELTI TAJII WING WIRE STRUToIII I/BBRASSTUBEHI ATTACH WING WIRES WARD UPPER FUSELAGE TIP___-.BLGASSY SLIPS UNDER PLYWOOD RING -HARDWOOD MAPLE AT REAR S IS HELDENGINE MOUNT 1/2 THICK CENTERDOWN BY 2-3/16 OLfSUPPER FUSELAGE MOUNT 3/8 THICK LEFT HALF NOTSHOWNBRASS TUBE 5 CYLINDER3/32 ID ROW ANZANI ER FUSELAGE WILLIAMS BROS I\m1-4 SOLDER LE RHONE 11/2BA ERYFRONT VILOSE BOTTOM OFAILERON SCALE CYL OVER INE MOUNTTOP ASSEMBLY WITHACTUATOR ROD 3/32l 1/ BALSA PLUGS1 1/32 PLYWOOD1/64 PLYWOOD WRAP 8i SOLDER /-ALL JOINTS 0 1.. 7REF2 ii ~1II FRONT BRACE/ r-t------IAILERONffF I-JZ~SERVO-42 REAR BRACE WOOD SCREW CGENGINEii Li- TANKILI--LiT i PLYWOOD 1/16 SHEE 1/32 BRASS AXLI BETWEEN STRUT ATTACH iL/bz9A15 20WITH RUBBER ~ANDS SKIDS 3/32 WIREWING SEATING F FLOAT AXLE ALUM 3/32X3/BX 45 WHEEL AXLE HARDWOOD INSERTS I/B WIRE 1/64 PLYWOOD SKIN WHEELS 4 DIA WILLIAMS BROS CUT FLOAT FOAM PER THIS 6 Model Aviation -4 II 1f \ /7 \ 7 IIi IIfi IiIYTLE BRACE H PLY DJRAL BACE {___ BALSA~REAR SFAR REAR 3/16 OF FUSELAGE ALL RIBS/17/ 1/16 SHEET SPARS I/4X 3/16 HARD BALSA OR PINE // / / / // 7 SPAR X I/2 7 / / / / /7 /64 PLYWOOD HOLD-DOWNRING SHEETI/16X 3/16 STRINGERS 8 2REO ET I/4SO CROSSMEMBER CRUTCH I/8X 1/4 Th JH ALTERNATE LAMINATIONS \ 1/32 BALSA 1/64 PLYWOOD USE FOR LIGHT BALSA TAIL CONSTRUCTIOI\ 4-4 50 SHEET BN ALL RIBS I/16SHEET U___ 7 V2 I/8XI/47 / / I/8SO r / I/8X3/16TYP-/PINE STRUT KEEL 1/450I/4x SO WRAP WITH THREAD GLUE WITH HOT STUFF SKID 1/16 WIRE 1914 SCALE 158 BLACKBURN LAND S SEA VERSIONS DESIGNED S DRAWN HARRY APOIAN AREA 4S0 FT WEIGHT 4LBS POWER OS MAX 40 RADIO KRAFT 4CH TRACED FOR MODEL AVIATION BY RAY BORDEN 02545 6 FLOAT INSTALLATION DETAIL I LOCATE FLOAT AXLE AHEAD OF FLOAT CENTER 2AIRPLANE CG I/4BEHIND FLOAT CENTER 3 TEST FLY TO DETERMINE MOST DESIRABLE LOCATION FOR WATER HANDLING May1976 7 lE ER 4 pounds significant weight saving Tail sections can light wings require special strengthhavent seen tail sections fold have seen lots wings fold land/sea model has main wing spar uses lO-mil steel wires take flight landing loads fly load carry ing wires unless wing adequately strengthened additional spars carry wing loads Note 24 wing wires disassembled remove wing wing/fuselage parting line built landing gear wing top deck forward fuselage integral unit necessary wing wires remain ing attached Needless say arrange ment allows easy assembly disassem bly aft cockpit fits fuselage bulkhead no screws required forward end held down two nylon shear screws through hardwood engine mount wing has 1/16 rubber foam stock fuselage ensure water-tight seal plane flips over water radio equipment will stay dry except aileron servo en gine will get dunked happens run engine immediately evaporate re move water its nasty mess dont Floats simplicity key dis placement must proportioned model weight proper flotation attitude length shown plans 4 lb airplane plane weighs 5 lbs new length should 5/4 X 24 nches very durable leak-proof float can made simply covering foam 1/64 plywood doping pro tection Water-tightness necessary Details can added floats cluding edge corner moldings protec tive walk-way coatings miscellaneous fittings both versions plane desired anoteaboutconstructionoftheengine area required encowled LeRhone rotary engine used land model relatively simple aluminum sheet cowling 4mil offset printing stock curved over balsa nose piece glued together However must made removable expose forward nose show arrangement 10-cylinder Anzani engine nose built give required configuration obtain radial engine block balsa cylinder stubs glued balsa stubs friction fitted Williams Brothers LeRhone 1 inch scale plastic cylinders thus adequately represents seaplane engine assembly Very neat simpleand looks scale too sure allow clearance easy removal installation balsa/aluminum cowling Covering Finally before outlining con struction details discussion about cover ing doping model will helpful covering material 100% polyester synthetic fabric used drapery dress linings about $150/yd 45 inches wide weighs 12 ozs/sq yd comes variety colors including white advantages polyester heat shrinkable limited extent b will take type dope c will tear splinter rip shred d will deterio rate e will warp structure Like silk polyester material woven multi-strand thread minimal porosity tight weave thus requiring much less dope seal pores reason silk warps application dope causes silk curl due shrinkage dope six eight layers dope put silk almost thick silk shrinking results force moment silk surface causing silk curl addition inhibitors shrink ing can controlled thus reducing curling tendency way prevent curl ing put silk frame dope both sides cover structure pre-doped material tried it 8 Model Aviation unique system assembly/disassembly has advantages ship type wing integral landing gear upper Blackburn IVionoplaneward fuselage nose means rigging disengaged remove wing works can afford excessive waste $300/yd 36 wide polyester less dope required because close weave stiffer silk therefore resistant curling apply polyester structure sanded smooth doped thinned 50/50 twice until wood pores es sentially positively sealed cludes structure surfaces will contact polyester Next apply extra dope periphery structure means wing center sec tions tips LE TE also tail out line including spars finally three main fuselage longerons addi tional doping will assure adequate soakthrough polyester surfaces acetone applied polyester simply laid structure glued down brushing acetone onto polyester acetone soaks through polyester doped structure capillary action dope diffuses multi-strand threads good soakthrough attachment Apply acetone outer edges structure ie tips LE TE etc ribs spars cross braces allows total inches shrinking polyester since open struc ture sure apply polyester tightly practical keep threads straight cloth grain should applied lengthwise result will look exactly like scale covering material word caution sand polyester wont sharp razor absolutely necessary minimize frayed edges Following heat shrinking edges can fused structure increasing iron tempera ture melts polyester seals edges required now dope fill pores adhere polyester ribs spars cross-braces final result unified structure defies tear ing splintering ripping shredding Flying model very pleasant ex perience very docile has no peculiar ities will maneuvers like 1914 Left author helper also holding putting starter engine cautions scale models center gravity well forwardsuch models notoriously tailheavy flight placed third Valley Flyers contest Supelveda Basin May1976 9 Comparison photo plans makes essembly wire lending gear lot easier Modifications made model after picture allow scale-like conversion seaplane exposed engine text describes making cylinders Below Admittedly purpose presenting picture completed model ready covering just can say Ah again Horns landing gear used days prevent nose-overs play same useful pur DO5 model Soft gear absorbs shocks Blackburn should Taxi takeoff control very good 040 size engine thrust power dominates model light wing loading will hop off will literally climb its tail Before trying high g maneuvers however sure wing wires broken loose otherwise wing strength will ade quate Aileron response appears little sluggish however havent tried increas ing deflections should help landings just cut throttle glide Again light wing loading allows soft descents easy touch-down Fuselage The construction relatively simplebut selective wood Make good joints vise plenty glue fuselage should built first since couples everything together Build triangular bottom-half upside down onto basic crutch structure Include hardwood engine mount forward bulk head vertical cross braces top turtledeck added next completing basic structure sure add sufficient shim stock give stabilizer about tive incidence ie LE down about 1/16 wing saddle area should left zero since 2 incidence will added wing later Aside hardware stallation thats Note batteries mounted upper fuselage forward deck get CG forward Tail Surfaces should built next expedite installation control linkages Main stabilizer rudder spars should hard balsa pine take mis cellaneous handling loads ribs etc soft stabilizer LE made laminating 1/64 plywood 1/32 balsa obtain desired shape After install ing hardware glue tail fuselage add tail skid About now youll cussing awkward handling triangular fuselage tail make simple cradle support Itll well worth effort will used during assembly/dis assembly finished model field workshop Wing construction straight ward However wash-out must build structure lift tip TE up about 3/16 give about 2 twist main spar adequate shown because 24 support wires coupled landing gear take air loads After joining wings halves together install miscel laneous hardware add forward fuselage decking added after install ing landing gear Landing gear Use 3/32 diameter wire main struts incidentally go across fuselage top transfer loads basic wing structure wing wires 1/32 dia cross braces copper wire wrapped prior soldering cross braces take tension loads good joint mandatory keep pulling apart Use 1/8 wire piece axle rubber band gear shock absorbing easy removal install floats landing gear now attached wing proper location forward upper fuselage built Allow proper wing incidence 2 positive before gluing everything together 1/64 plywood covering added top cockpit cut out yet continued page 98 10 Model Aviation Eager flyl flying wires load carrying dOnt fly unless beef upSeen angle its beauty covering wing realism indispensablethe author used 100% polyester synthetic fab once installed never removednc used drapery dress linings weighs 12 ozs/sq yd comes colors Blackburn Monoplane Blackburn/A poi continued page 10 done after staining completing wing/landing gear assembly Glue brass cabane struts between two bulkheads supportget good solid what grab handling model very convenient As indicated plans nose section shaped take An zani engine balsa stubs hold cylinders seaplane version land-plane cowling will cover cylinder stubs converted land-plane configuration Finally close out bottom wing/landing gear assembly glu ing 1/32 plywood wing center bottom now becomes floor cockpit Next attach assembly fuselage two nylon screws side engine slipping aft end saddle formed adding curved 1/64 plywood fuselage aft decking Flying instructions sure model nose heavy Weight can removed later needed balance model normal flight attitude model very docile light wing loading excess power youll enjoy its flight characteris tics Start 10 dia 4 pitch prop give additional thrust margin dont want speed anyway seaplane flies just like landplane no signifi cant difference performance Slide floats position will give de sired floating attitude take-off PS Dont try vertical eights until gain some confidence handling model Happy splash-downor bump-down whatever case may Continuous Indoor Outdoor demonstrations world renown eoperts EXCITEMENT EVERY MINUTE * Radio controlled airplanes boats curs helicopters action plus u-controls free flights * Gigantic working model railroad layouts popular gauges * Plastic modelsRockets flying * CRAFTS descriptions --- Jewelry Macrame Decoupuge Paper tole Eggury Stitchery Candlecraft Ceramics HOBBY CONTEST OPEN TO THE PUBLIC NO ENTRY FEE Hundreds Awards stop local Hobby Shop ii mplete Details SATURDAY MAY 1st HOURS lOAM 8PM SUNDAY HOURS llAM 6PM Feg G Per Pers0 wheeeOis,,rn rickets YOsr Sweepo/Schobloher continued page 47 everything looks right epoxy hinge hooks blades careful getting epoxy hinge makes useless unfolding prop Use lot care setting up prop jig difference good bad assembly will come dry wrap thread binding around hub retain tin can stock around blade retain wire hooks recoat epoxy Now sand blades airfoil shape bal ance blade required Sand smooth cover blades Japanese tissue Laminate cross grain nqse block adding 1/32 plywood shown Drill hole brass tube carve fit fuselage 1/2 thick block should snug fit 1/32 ply front former fuselage Bend hook add spring ball-bearing washer finish assembly prop nose block like use sewing machine bobbin hold rubber affords something hang onto detaching winder hooking up prop assembly always use winding tube inside fuse lage extension wire winder can pull winding tube back onto wire motor fully wound holding bobbin detach winder hook prop method saves damaging either fuselage prop motor explodes winding Now finish model covering lightweight Japanese tissue color choice put about three coats 50/ 50 thinned dope everything Balance model shown plans steam out warps may have crept framework Flying Now time complete basement flying have made winding tube rolled up mylar cardboard tube snug fit fuse lage practice winding motor check prop turns free true Take model out flying field begin testing testing testing until flies perfectly Put hand winds motor launch upwards 85-degree angle stalls add both down-thrust right sidethrust Now put 2/3 maximum power winder try again making correc tions necessary model should make approximately two full turns right under maximum power during cruise portion power-run model doesnt climb add down-thrust Keep testing model adding thin card stock shims such IBM cards between nose block front fuselage until cannot im prove flight approximately 375 turns prop should run 19 seconds mo tor run short compared Coupes however believe model should climb fast possible get above ground turbulence properly adjusted should able javelin throw model ozone stalling Remember always light fuse may Hung God Thermals look favor upon model 98 Model Aviation 2 BIG ACTION DAYS Jil THE WORLDS LARGEST HOBBY SHOW Hundreds exhibitors demonstrating thou sands brand new products ideas pour leisuretime pleasure

Left Once upon time sailing majestically along fragile looking Blackburn model sug gests what flying once ribs framework struts bracing wires pilot breeze Right A rare photo real Blackburn Improved Type 1 West Auckland July 11 1914 surprising aspects airplane photo its large size indicated pilot lean ing against its trailing edge Below The Blackburn has always popu lar scale modeling subject because its ideal proportions generally modeling type con struction Bottom Using float data given plan can quickly switch water opera tions losing ability go back land An historic RC scale model 40 power 4 channels flies beautifully looks Fly off land water Harry Apolan THE HISTORY Robert Blackburn aviator trained engineering mind replete important very significant contributions made dur ing lifetime book Blackburn Air planes Since 1909 J Jackson dis cusses detail airplanes built 1909 up beginning World War five years 11 different air plane configurations built docu mentedquite achievement time period After 1914 originality genius produced aircraft land/sea version developed two-place Type Model built 1914 subsequent improved Type air plane built seaplane version assembled original landplane powered 80 hp Gnome rotary engine almost completely cowled seaplane version 100 hp twin-row 5-cylinder radial An zani engine Photographs air planes show beauty simplicity land/sea airplane gen erated unique attractive scale model good flying characteristics can easily converted either land-plane seaplane uninitiated design scale model may present formidable task few pointers might dispel apprehen sion general best select sim plistic airplane minimal deviations normal configuration real flew success model greatly enhanced Leave venetian blind counter-rotating helicopters knowledgeable expert builder Unless seeking maximize scale points simplify full-scale intricacies im provising omitting excessive details During design get center gravity well forward scale models notoriously tail heavy beefy nose solid land ing gear wont hurt will reduce repairs An engine size larger think necessary also will help tremendously 4 Model Aviation save weight skimpy engine add lead nose later Whats wrong flying part-throttle anyway addition build tail sections light tail areas should 5% 10% larger model stability Aerodynamic loads small thus primary reason strong tail surfaces prevent warping discussion about covering model explains warping can prevented Also during design allow plenty control movement ie lateral travel does mean youll need use flight should need allowance extra throw controls may give added flying margin may wish Finally markings identifications colors must integrated design pilot cockpit imperativeit makes model look realistic Basically criteria used selecting building improved Type Land/Sea Blackburn About now youll have noticed de signing model oriented towards its utility essentially based past modeling experience aerodynamics stress analysis performance has its place airplane design still prone error Refinements analysis wind-tunnel tests fabrication techniques have verified actual off-the-ground flight ex perience scale model Land/Sea Blackburn evolved several improve ments first versions addition floats became dual purpose model Construction Building model very important factor since reflects efficiency utilizing materials way primarily aimed minimizing weight five-pound airplane conservatively assuming pound radio gear pound engine/prop/fuel 1/2 pound land ing gear miscellaneous hardware left 2 3 pounds might save pound Therefore judicious use materials presents op portunity build model weighing 4 Blackburn Type 1 Monoplane May1976 5 / 7 BLACKBURN IMPROVED TYPE 2 WASHOUT AT EACH TIP L E DOWN USE 1/64 SHEET STEEL FOR WING WIRE BRACKET 6 PER SIDE-7 L E HARD 3/8 X /2 II MAIN SPAR MEDIUM 3/16 X TAPER TO /2 AT TIP7 IIIi /II 3/4 DIHEDRAL LJNIIER EACH WING TIP AT 7 IIS LOCATION v~iitLSOFT 3/32 TIP 1 -IU BATTERY T E 3/8 X 1/2LAND VERSION COWL AILERON 3/16X 7/8BALSA FRONT.- ALUMINUM FAIRING- - -- ILERON T WING PANEL SHOWN:-iSERVO PHANTOM--z I1-44L..-STEEL RETAINERFUELTI TAJII WING WIRE STRUToIII I/BBRASSTUBEHI ATTACH WING WIRES WARD UPPER FUSELAGE TIP___-.BLGASSY SLIPS UNDER PLYWOOD RING -HARDWOOD MAPLE AT REAR S IS HELDENGINE MOUNT 1/2 THICK CENTERDOWN BY 2-3/16 OLfSUPPER FUSELAGE MOUNT 3/8 THICK LEFT HALF NOTSHOWNBRASS TUBE 5 CYLINDER3/32 ID ROW ANZANI ER FUSELAGE WILLIAMS BROS I\m1-4 SOLDER LE RHONE 11/2BA ERYFRONT VILOSE BOTTOM OFAILERON SCALE CYL OVER INE MOUNTTOP ASSEMBLY WITHACTUATOR ROD 3/32l 1/ BALSA PLUGS1 1/32 PLYWOOD1/64 PLYWOOD WRAP 8i SOLDER /-ALL JOINTS 0 1.. 7REF2 ii ~1II FRONT BRACE/ r-t------IAILERONffF I-JZ~SERVO-42 REAR BRACE WOOD SCREW CGENGINEii Li- TANKILI--LiT i PLYWOOD 1/16 SHEE 1/32 BRASS AXLI BETWEEN STRUT ATTACH iL/bz9A15 20WITH RUBBER ~ANDS SKIDS 3/32 WIREWING SEATING F FLOAT AXLE ALUM 3/32X3/BX 45 WHEEL AXLE HARDWOOD INSERTS I/B WIRE 1/64 PLYWOOD SKIN WHEELS 4 DIA WILLIAMS BROS CUT FLOAT FOAM PER THIS 6 Model Aviation -4 II 1f \ /7 \ 7 IIi IIfi IiIYTLE BRACE H PLY DJRAL BACE {___ BALSA~REAR SFAR REAR 3/16 OF FUSELAGE ALL RIBS/17/ 1/16 SHEET SPARS I/4X 3/16 HARD BALSA OR PINE // / / / // 7 SPAR X I/2 7 / / / / /7 /64 PLYWOOD HOLD-DOWNRING SHEETI/16X 3/16 STRINGERS 8 2REO ET I/4SO CROSSMEMBER CRUTCH I/8X 1/4 Th JH ALTERNATE LAMINATIONS \ 1/32 BALSA 1/64 PLYWOOD USE FOR LIGHT BALSA TAIL CONSTRUCTIOI\ 4-4 50 SHEET BN ALL RIBS I/16SHEET U___ 7 V2 I/8XI/47 / / I/8SO r / I/8X3/16TYP-/PINE STRUT KEEL 1/450I/4x SO WRAP WITH THREAD GLUE WITH HOT STUFF SKID 1/16 WIRE 1914 SCALE 158 BLACKBURN LAND S SEA VERSIONS DESIGNED S DRAWN HARRY APOIAN AREA 4S0 FT WEIGHT 4LBS POWER OS MAX 40 RADIO KRAFT 4CH TRACED FOR MODEL AVIATION BY RAY BORDEN 02545 6 FLOAT INSTALLATION DETAIL I LOCATE FLOAT AXLE AHEAD OF FLOAT CENTER 2AIRPLANE CG I/4BEHIND FLOAT CENTER 3 TEST FLY TO DETERMINE MOST DESIRABLE LOCATION FOR WATER HANDLING May1976 7 lE ER 4 pounds significant weight saving Tail sections can light wings require special strengthhavent seen tail sections fold have seen lots wings fold land/sea model has main wing spar uses lO-mil steel wires take flight landing loads fly load carry ing wires unless wing adequately strengthened additional spars carry wing loads Note 24 wing wires disassembled remove wing wing/fuselage parting line built landing gear wing top deck forward fuselage integral unit necessary wing wires remain ing attached Needless say arrange ment allows easy assembly disassem bly aft cockpit fits fuselage bulkhead no screws required forward end held down two nylon shear screws through hardwood engine mount wing has 1/16 rubber foam stock fuselage ensure water-tight seal plane flips over water radio equipment will stay dry except aileron servo en gine will get dunked happens run engine immediately evaporate re move water its nasty mess dont Floats simplicity key dis placement must proportioned model weight proper flotation attitude length shown plans 4 lb airplane plane weighs 5 lbs new length should 5/4 X 24 nches very durable leak-proof float can made simply covering foam 1/64 plywood doping pro tection Water-tightness necessary Details can added floats cluding edge corner moldings protec tive walk-way coatings miscellaneous fittings both versions plane desired anoteaboutconstructionoftheengine area required encowled LeRhone rotary engine used land model relatively simple aluminum sheet cowling 4mil offset printing stock curved over balsa nose piece glued together However must made removable expose forward nose show arrangement 10-cylinder Anzani engine nose built give required configuration obtain radial engine block balsa cylinder stubs glued balsa stubs friction fitted Williams Brothers LeRhone 1 inch scale plastic cylinders thus adequately represents seaplane engine assembly Very neat simpleand looks scale too sure allow clearance easy removal installation balsa/aluminum cowling Covering Finally before outlining con struction details discussion about cover ing doping model will helpful covering material 100% polyester synthetic fabric used drapery dress linings about $150/yd 45 inches wide weighs 12 ozs/sq yd comes variety colors including white advantages polyester heat shrinkable limited extent b will take type dope c will tear splinter rip shred d will deterio rate e will warp structure Like silk polyester material woven multi-strand thread minimal porosity tight weave thus requiring much less dope seal pores reason silk warps application dope causes silk curl due shrinkage dope six eight layers dope put silk almost thick silk shrinking results force moment silk surface causing silk curl addition inhibitors shrink ing can controlled thus reducing curling tendency way prevent curl ing put silk frame dope both sides cover structure pre-doped material tried it 8 Model Aviation unique system assembly/disassembly has advantages ship type wing integral landing gear upper Blackburn IVionoplaneward fuselage nose means rigging disengaged remove wing works can afford excessive waste $300/yd 36 wide polyester less dope required because close weave stiffer silk therefore resistant curling apply polyester structure sanded smooth doped thinned 50/50 twice until wood pores es sentially positively sealed cludes structure surfaces will contact polyester Next apply extra dope periphery structure means wing center sec tions tips LE TE also tail out line including spars finally three main fuselage longerons addi tional doping will assure adequate soakthrough polyester surfaces acetone applied polyester simply laid structure glued down brushing acetone onto polyester acetone soaks through polyester doped structure capillary action dope diffuses multi-strand threads good soakthrough attachment Apply acetone outer edges structure ie tips LE TE etc ribs spars cross braces allows total inches shrinking polyester since open struc ture sure apply polyester tightly practical keep threads straight cloth grain should applied lengthwise result will look exactly like scale covering material word caution sand polyester wont sharp razor absolutely necessary minimize frayed edges Following heat shrinking edges can fused structure increasing iron tempera ture melts polyester seals edges required now dope fill pores adhere polyester ribs spars cross-braces final result unified structure defies tear ing splintering ripping shredding Flying model very pleasant ex perience very docile has no peculiar ities will maneuvers like 1914 Left author helper also holding putting starter engine cautions scale models center gravity well forwardsuch models notoriously tailheavy flight placed third Valley Flyers contest Supelveda Basin May1976 9 Comparison photo plans makes essembly wire lending gear lot easier Modifications made model after picture allow scale-like conversion seaplane exposed engine text describes making cylinders Below Admittedly purpose presenting picture completed model ready covering just can say Ah again Horns landing gear used days prevent nose-overs play same useful pur DO5 model Soft gear absorbs shocks Blackburn should Taxi takeoff control very good 040 size engine thrust power dominates model light wing loading will hop off will literally climb its tail Before trying high g maneuvers however sure wing wires broken loose otherwise wing strength will ade quate Aileron response appears little sluggish however havent tried increas ing deflections should help landings just cut throttle glide Again light wing loading allows soft descents easy touch-down Fuselage The construction relatively simplebut selective wood Make good joints vise plenty glue fuselage should built first since couples everything together Build triangular bottom-half upside down onto basic crutch structure Include hardwood engine mount forward bulk head vertical cross braces top turtledeck added next completing basic structure sure add sufficient shim stock give stabilizer about tive incidence ie LE down about 1/16 wing saddle area should left zero since 2 incidence will added wing later Aside hardware stallation thats Note batteries mounted upper fuselage forward deck get CG forward Tail Surfaces should built next expedite installation control linkages Main stabilizer rudder spars should hard balsa pine take mis cellaneous handling loads ribs etc soft stabilizer LE made laminating 1/64 plywood 1/32 balsa obtain desired shape After install ing hardware glue tail fuselage add tail skid About now youll cussing awkward handling triangular fuselage tail make simple cradle support Itll well worth effort will used during assembly/dis assembly finished model field workshop Wing construction straight ward However wash-out must build structure lift tip TE up about 3/16 give about 2 twist main spar adequate shown because 24 support wires coupled landing gear take air loads After joining wings halves together install miscel laneous hardware add forward fuselage decking added after install ing landing gear Landing gear Use 3/32 diameter wire main struts incidentally go across fuselage top transfer loads basic wing structure wing wires 1/32 dia cross braces copper wire wrapped prior soldering cross braces take tension loads good joint mandatory keep pulling apart Use 1/8 wire piece axle rubber band gear shock absorbing easy removal install floats landing gear now attached wing proper location forward upper fuselage built Allow proper wing incidence 2 positive before gluing everything together 1/64 plywood covering added top cockpit cut out yet continued page 98 10 Model Aviation Eager flyl flying wires load carrying dOnt fly unless beef upSeen angle its beauty covering wing realism indispensablethe author used 100% polyester synthetic fab once installed never removednc used drapery dress linings weighs 12 ozs/sq yd comes colors Blackburn Monoplane Blackburn/A poi continued page 10 done after staining completing wing/landing gear assembly Glue brass cabane struts between two bulkheads supportget good solid what grab handling model very convenient As indicated plans nose section shaped take An zani engine balsa stubs hold cylinders seaplane version land-plane cowling will cover cylinder stubs converted land-plane configuration Finally close out bottom wing/landing gear assembly glu ing 1/32 plywood wing center bottom now becomes floor cockpit Next attach assembly fuselage two nylon screws side engine slipping aft end saddle formed adding curved 1/64 plywood fuselage aft decking Flying instructions sure model nose heavy Weight can removed later needed balance model normal flight attitude model very docile light wing loading excess power youll enjoy its flight characteris tics Start 10 dia 4 pitch prop give additional thrust margin dont want speed anyway seaplane flies just like landplane no signifi cant difference performance Slide floats position will give de sired floating attitude take-off PS Dont try vertical eights until gain some confidence handling model Happy splash-downor bump-down whatever case may Continuous Indoor Outdoor demonstrations world renown eoperts EXCITEMENT EVERY MINUTE * Radio controlled airplanes boats curs helicopters action plus u-controls free flights * Gigantic working model railroad layouts popular gauges * Plastic modelsRockets flying * CRAFTS descriptions --- Jewelry Macrame Decoupuge Paper tole Eggury Stitchery Candlecraft Ceramics HOBBY CONTEST OPEN TO THE PUBLIC NO ENTRY FEE Hundreds Awards stop local Hobby Shop ii mplete Details SATURDAY MAY 1st HOURS lOAM 8PM SUNDAY HOURS llAM 6PM Feg G Per Pers0 wheeeOis,,rn rickets YOsr Sweepo/Schobloher continued page 47 everything looks right epoxy hinge hooks blades careful getting epoxy hinge makes useless unfolding prop Use lot care setting up prop jig difference good bad assembly will come dry wrap thread binding around hub retain tin can stock around blade retain wire hooks recoat epoxy Now sand blades airfoil shape bal ance blade required Sand smooth cover blades Japanese tissue Laminate cross grain nqse block adding 1/32 plywood shown Drill hole brass tube carve fit fuselage 1/2 thick block should snug fit 1/32 ply front former fuselage Bend hook add spring ball-bearing washer finish assembly prop nose block like use sewing machine bobbin hold rubber affords something hang onto detaching winder hooking up prop assembly always use winding tube inside fuse lage extension wire winder can pull winding tube back onto wire motor fully wound holding bobbin detach winder hook prop method saves damaging either fuselage prop motor explodes winding Now finish model covering lightweight Japanese tissue color choice put about three coats 50/ 50 thinned dope everything Balance model shown plans steam out warps may have crept framework Flying Now time complete basement flying have made winding tube rolled up mylar cardboard tube snug fit fuse lage practice winding motor check prop turns free true Take model out flying field begin testing testing testing until flies perfectly Put hand winds motor launch upwards 85-degree angle stalls add both down-thrust right sidethrust Now put 2/3 maximum power winder try again making correc tions necessary model should make approximately two full turns right under maximum power during cruise portion power-run model doesnt climb add down-thrust Keep testing model adding thin card stock shims such IBM cards between nose block front fuselage until cannot im prove flight approximately 375 turns prop should run 19 seconds mo tor run short compared Coupes however believe model should climb fast possible get above ground turbulence properly adjusted should able javelin throw model ozone stalling Remember always light fuse may Hung God Thermals look favor upon model 98 Model Aviation 2 BIG ACTION DAYS Jil THE WORLDS LARGEST HOBBY SHOW Hundreds exhibitors demonstrating thou sands brand new products ideas pour leisuretime pleasure

Left Once upon time sailing majestically along fragile looking Blackburn model sug gests what flying once ribs framework struts bracing wires pilot breeze Right A rare photo real Blackburn Improved Type 1 West Auckland July 11 1914 surprising aspects airplane photo its large size indicated pilot lean ing against its trailing edge Below The Blackburn has always popu lar scale modeling subject because its ideal proportions generally modeling type con struction Bottom Using float data given plan can quickly switch water opera tions losing ability go back land An historic RC scale model 40 power 4 channels flies beautifully looks Fly off land water Harry Apolan THE HISTORY Robert Blackburn aviator trained engineering mind replete important very significant contributions made dur ing lifetime book Blackburn Air planes Since 1909 J Jackson dis cusses detail airplanes built 1909 up beginning World War five years 11 different air plane configurations built docu mentedquite achievement time period After 1914 originality genius produced aircraft land/sea version developed two-place Type Model built 1914 subsequent improved Type air plane built seaplane version assembled original landplane powered 80 hp Gnome rotary engine almost completely cowled seaplane version 100 hp twin-row 5-cylinder radial An zani engine Photographs air planes show beauty simplicity land/sea airplane gen erated unique attractive scale model good flying characteristics can easily converted either land-plane seaplane uninitiated design scale model may present formidable task few pointers might dispel apprehen sion general best select sim plistic airplane minimal deviations normal configuration real flew success model greatly enhanced Leave venetian blind counter-rotating helicopters knowledgeable expert builder Unless seeking maximize scale points simplify full-scale intricacies im provising omitting excessive details During design get center gravity well forward scale models notoriously tail heavy beefy nose solid land ing gear wont hurt will reduce repairs An engine size larger think necessary also will help tremendously 4 Model Aviation save weight skimpy engine add lead nose later Whats wrong flying part-throttle anyway addition build tail sections light tail areas should 5% 10% larger model stability Aerodynamic loads small thus primary reason strong tail surfaces prevent warping discussion about covering model explains warping can prevented Also during design allow plenty control movement ie lateral travel does mean youll need use flight should need allowance extra throw controls may give added flying margin may wish Finally markings identifications colors must integrated design pilot cockpit imperativeit makes model look realistic Basically criteria used selecting building improved Type Land/Sea Blackburn About now youll have noticed de signing model oriented towards its utility essentially based past modeling experience aerodynamics stress analysis performance has its place airplane design still prone error Refinements analysis wind-tunnel tests fabrication techniques have verified actual off-the-ground flight ex perience scale model Land/Sea Blackburn evolved several improve ments first versions addition floats became dual purpose model Construction Building model very important factor since reflects efficiency utilizing materials way primarily aimed minimizing weight five-pound airplane conservatively assuming pound radio gear pound engine/prop/fuel 1/2 pound land ing gear miscellaneous hardware left 2 3 pounds might save pound Therefore judicious use materials presents op portunity build model weighing 4 Blackburn Type 1 Monoplane May1976 5 / 7 BLACKBURN IMPROVED TYPE 2 WASHOUT AT EACH TIP L E DOWN USE 1/64 SHEET STEEL FOR WING WIRE BRACKET 6 PER SIDE-7 L E HARD 3/8 X /2 II MAIN SPAR MEDIUM 3/16 X TAPER TO /2 AT TIP7 IIIi /II 3/4 DIHEDRAL LJNIIER EACH WING TIP AT 7 IIS LOCATION v~iitLSOFT 3/32 TIP 1 -IU BATTERY T E 3/8 X 1/2LAND VERSION COWL AILERON 3/16X 7/8BALSA FRONT.- ALUMINUM FAIRING- - -- ILERON T WING PANEL SHOWN:-iSERVO PHANTOM--z I1-44L..-STEEL RETAINERFUELTI TAJII WING WIRE STRUToIII I/BBRASSTUBEHI ATTACH WING WIRES WARD UPPER FUSELAGE TIP___-.BLGASSY SLIPS UNDER PLYWOOD RING -HARDWOOD MAPLE AT REAR S IS HELDENGINE MOUNT 1/2 THICK CENTERDOWN BY 2-3/16 OLfSUPPER FUSELAGE MOUNT 3/8 THICK LEFT HALF NOTSHOWNBRASS TUBE 5 CYLINDER3/32 ID ROW ANZANI ER FUSELAGE WILLIAMS BROS I\m1-4 SOLDER LE RHONE 11/2BA ERYFRONT VILOSE BOTTOM OFAILERON SCALE CYL OVER INE MOUNTTOP ASSEMBLY WITHACTUATOR ROD 3/32l 1/ BALSA PLUGS1 1/32 PLYWOOD1/64 PLYWOOD WRAP 8i SOLDER /-ALL JOINTS 0 1.. 7REF2 ii ~1II FRONT BRACE/ r-t------IAILERONffF I-JZ~SERVO-42 REAR BRACE WOOD SCREW CGENGINEii Li- TANKILI--LiT i PLYWOOD 1/16 SHEE 1/32 BRASS AXLI BETWEEN STRUT ATTACH iL/bz9A15 20WITH RUBBER ~ANDS SKIDS 3/32 WIREWING SEATING F FLOAT AXLE ALUM 3/32X3/BX 45 WHEEL AXLE HARDWOOD INSERTS I/B WIRE 1/64 PLYWOOD SKIN WHEELS 4 DIA WILLIAMS BROS CUT FLOAT FOAM PER THIS 6 Model Aviation -4 II 1f \ /7 \ 7 IIi IIfi IiIYTLE BRACE H PLY DJRAL BACE {___ BALSA~REAR SFAR REAR 3/16 OF FUSELAGE ALL RIBS/17/ 1/16 SHEET SPARS I/4X 3/16 HARD BALSA OR PINE // / / / // 7 SPAR X I/2 7 / / / / /7 /64 PLYWOOD HOLD-DOWNRING SHEETI/16X 3/16 STRINGERS 8 2REO ET I/4SO CROSSMEMBER CRUTCH I/8X 1/4 Th JH ALTERNATE LAMINATIONS \ 1/32 BALSA 1/64 PLYWOOD USE FOR LIGHT BALSA TAIL CONSTRUCTIOI\ 4-4 50 SHEET BN ALL RIBS I/16SHEET U___ 7 V2 I/8XI/47 / / I/8SO r / I/8X3/16TYP-/PINE STRUT KEEL 1/450I/4x SO WRAP WITH THREAD GLUE WITH HOT STUFF SKID 1/16 WIRE 1914 SCALE 158 BLACKBURN LAND S SEA VERSIONS DESIGNED S DRAWN HARRY APOIAN AREA 4S0 FT WEIGHT 4LBS POWER OS MAX 40 RADIO KRAFT 4CH TRACED FOR MODEL AVIATION BY RAY BORDEN 02545 6 FLOAT INSTALLATION DETAIL I LOCATE FLOAT AXLE AHEAD OF FLOAT CENTER 2AIRPLANE CG I/4BEHIND FLOAT CENTER 3 TEST FLY TO DETERMINE MOST DESIRABLE LOCATION FOR WATER HANDLING May1976 7 lE ER 4 pounds significant weight saving Tail sections can light wings require special strengthhavent seen tail sections fold have seen lots wings fold land/sea model has main wing spar uses lO-mil steel wires take flight landing loads fly load carry ing wires unless wing adequately strengthened additional spars carry wing loads Note 24 wing wires disassembled remove wing wing/fuselage parting line built landing gear wing top deck forward fuselage integral unit necessary wing wires remain ing attached Needless say arrange ment allows easy assembly disassem bly aft cockpit fits fuselage bulkhead no screws required forward end held down two nylon shear screws through hardwood engine mount wing has 1/16 rubber foam stock fuselage ensure water-tight seal plane flips over water radio equipment will stay dry except aileron servo en gine will get dunked happens run engine immediately evaporate re move water its nasty mess dont Floats simplicity key dis placement must proportioned model weight proper flotation attitude length shown plans 4 lb airplane plane weighs 5 lbs new length should 5/4 X 24 nches very durable leak-proof float can made simply covering foam 1/64 plywood doping pro tection Water-tightness necessary Details can added floats cluding edge corner moldings protec tive walk-way coatings miscellaneous fittings both versions plane desired anoteaboutconstructionoftheengine area required encowled LeRhone rotary engine used land model relatively simple aluminum sheet cowling 4mil offset printing stock curved over balsa nose piece glued together However must made removable expose forward nose show arrangement 10-cylinder Anzani engine nose built give required configuration obtain radial engine block balsa cylinder stubs glued balsa stubs friction fitted Williams Brothers LeRhone 1 inch scale plastic cylinders thus adequately represents seaplane engine assembly Very neat simpleand looks scale too sure allow clearance easy removal installation balsa/aluminum cowling Covering Finally before outlining con struction details discussion about cover ing doping model will helpful covering material 100% polyester synthetic fabric used drapery dress linings about $150/yd 45 inches wide weighs 12 ozs/sq yd comes variety colors including white advantages polyester heat shrinkable limited extent b will take type dope c will tear splinter rip shred d will deterio rate e will warp structure Like silk polyester material woven multi-strand thread minimal porosity tight weave thus requiring much less dope seal pores reason silk warps application dope causes silk curl due shrinkage dope six eight layers dope put silk almost thick silk shrinking results force moment silk surface causing silk curl addition inhibitors shrink ing can controlled thus reducing curling tendency way prevent curl ing put silk frame dope both sides cover structure pre-doped material tried it 8 Model Aviation unique system assembly/disassembly has advantages ship type wing integral landing gear upper Blackburn IVionoplaneward fuselage nose means rigging disengaged remove wing works can afford excessive waste $300/yd 36 wide polyester less dope required because close weave stiffer silk therefore resistant curling apply polyester structure sanded smooth doped thinned 50/50 twice until wood pores es sentially positively sealed cludes structure surfaces will contact polyester Next apply extra dope periphery structure means wing center sec tions tips LE TE also tail out line including spars finally three main fuselage longerons addi tional doping will assure adequate soakthrough polyester surfaces acetone applied polyester simply laid structure glued down brushing acetone onto polyester acetone soaks through polyester doped structure capillary action dope diffuses multi-strand threads good soakthrough attachment Apply acetone outer edges structure ie tips LE TE etc ribs spars cross braces allows total inches shrinking polyester since open struc ture sure apply polyester tightly practical keep threads straight cloth grain should applied lengthwise result will look exactly like scale covering material word caution sand polyester wont sharp razor absolutely necessary minimize frayed edges Following heat shrinking edges can fused structure increasing iron tempera ture melts polyester seals edges required now dope fill pores adhere polyester ribs spars cross-braces final result unified structure defies tear ing splintering ripping shredding Flying model very pleasant ex perience very docile has no peculiar ities will maneuvers like 1914 Left author helper also holding putting starter engine cautions scale models center gravity well forwardsuch models notoriously tailheavy flight placed third Valley Flyers contest Supelveda Basin May1976 9 Comparison photo plans makes essembly wire lending gear lot easier Modifications made model after picture allow scale-like conversion seaplane exposed engine text describes making cylinders Below Admittedly purpose presenting picture completed model ready covering just can say Ah again Horns landing gear used days prevent nose-overs play same useful pur DO5 model Soft gear absorbs shocks Blackburn should Taxi takeoff control very good 040 size engine thrust power dominates model light wing loading will hop off will literally climb its tail Before trying high g maneuvers however sure wing wires broken loose otherwise wing strength will ade quate Aileron response appears little sluggish however havent tried increas ing deflections should help landings just cut throttle glide Again light wing loading allows soft descents easy touch-down Fuselage The construction relatively simplebut selective wood Make good joints vise plenty glue fuselage should built first since couples everything together Build triangular bottom-half upside down onto basic crutch structure Include hardwood engine mount forward bulk head vertical cross braces top turtledeck added next completing basic structure sure add sufficient shim stock give stabilizer about tive incidence ie LE down about 1/16 wing saddle area should left zero since 2 incidence will added wing later Aside hardware stallation thats Note batteries mounted upper fuselage forward deck get CG forward Tail Surfaces should built next expedite installation control linkages Main stabilizer rudder spars should hard balsa pine take mis cellaneous handling loads ribs etc soft stabilizer LE made laminating 1/64 plywood 1/32 balsa obtain desired shape After install ing hardware glue tail fuselage add tail skid About now youll cussing awkward handling triangular fuselage tail make simple cradle support Itll well worth effort will used during assembly/dis assembly finished model field workshop Wing construction straight ward However wash-out must build structure lift tip TE up about 3/16 give about 2 twist main spar adequate shown because 24 support wires coupled landing gear take air loads After joining wings halves together install miscel laneous hardware add forward fuselage decking added after install ing landing gear Landing gear Use 3/32 diameter wire main struts incidentally go across fuselage top transfer loads basic wing structure wing wires 1/32 dia cross braces copper wire wrapped prior soldering cross braces take tension loads good joint mandatory keep pulling apart Use 1/8 wire piece axle rubber band gear shock absorbing easy removal install floats landing gear now attached wing proper location forward upper fuselage built Allow proper wing incidence 2 positive before gluing everything together 1/64 plywood covering added top cockpit cut out yet continued page 98 10 Model Aviation Eager flyl flying wires load carrying dOnt fly unless beef upSeen angle its beauty covering wing realism indispensablethe author used 100% polyester synthetic fab once installed never removednc used drapery dress linings weighs 12 ozs/sq yd comes colors Blackburn Monoplane Blackburn/A poi continued page 10 done after staining completing wing/landing gear assembly Glue brass cabane struts between two bulkheads supportget good solid what grab handling model very convenient As indicated plans nose section shaped take An zani engine balsa stubs hold cylinders seaplane version land-plane cowling will cover cylinder stubs converted land-plane configuration Finally close out bottom wing/landing gear assembly glu ing 1/32 plywood wing center bottom now becomes floor cockpit Next attach assembly fuselage two nylon screws side engine slipping aft end saddle formed adding curved 1/64 plywood fuselage aft decking Flying instructions sure model nose heavy Weight can removed later needed balance model normal flight attitude model very docile light wing loading excess power youll enjoy its flight characteris tics Start 10 dia 4 pitch prop give additional thrust margin dont want speed anyway seaplane flies just like landplane no signifi cant difference performance Slide floats position will give de sired floating attitude take-off PS Dont try vertical eights until gain some confidence handling model Happy splash-downor bump-down whatever case may Continuous Indoor Outdoor demonstrations world renown eoperts EXCITEMENT EVERY MINUTE * Radio controlled airplanes boats curs helicopters action plus u-controls free flights * Gigantic working model railroad layouts popular gauges * Plastic modelsRockets flying * CRAFTS descriptions --- Jewelry Macrame Decoupuge Paper tole Eggury Stitchery Candlecraft Ceramics HOBBY CONTEST OPEN TO THE PUBLIC NO ENTRY FEE Hundreds Awards stop local Hobby Shop ii mplete Details SATURDAY MAY 1st HOURS lOAM 8PM SUNDAY HOURS llAM 6PM Feg G Per Pers0 wheeeOis,,rn rickets YOsr Sweepo/Schobloher continued page 47 everything looks right epoxy hinge hooks blades careful getting epoxy hinge makes useless unfolding prop Use lot care setting up prop jig difference good bad assembly will come dry wrap thread binding around hub retain tin can stock around blade retain wire hooks recoat epoxy Now sand blades airfoil shape bal ance blade required Sand smooth cover blades Japanese tissue Laminate cross grain nqse block adding 1/32 plywood shown Drill hole brass tube carve fit fuselage 1/2 thick block should snug fit 1/32 ply front former fuselage Bend hook add spring ball-bearing washer finish assembly prop nose block like use sewing machine bobbin hold rubber affords something hang onto detaching winder hooking up prop assembly always use winding tube inside fuse lage extension wire winder can pull winding tube back onto wire motor fully wound holding bobbin detach winder hook prop method saves damaging either fuselage prop motor explodes winding Now finish model covering lightweight Japanese tissue color choice put about three coats 50/ 50 thinned dope everything Balance model shown plans steam out warps may have crept framework Flying Now time complete basement flying have made winding tube rolled up mylar cardboard tube snug fit fuse lage practice winding motor check prop turns free true Take model out flying field begin testing testing testing until flies perfectly Put hand winds motor launch upwards 85-degree angle stalls add both down-thrust right sidethrust Now put 2/3 maximum power winder try again making correc tions necessary model should make approximately two full turns right under maximum power during cruise portion power-run model doesnt climb add down-thrust Keep testing model adding thin card stock shims such IBM cards between nose block front fuselage until cannot im prove flight approximately 375 turns prop should run 19 seconds mo tor run short compared Coupes however believe model should climb fast possible get above ground turbulence properly adjusted should able javelin throw model ozone stalling Remember always light fuse may Hung God Thermals look favor upon model 98 Model Aviation 2 BIG ACTION DAYS Jil THE WORLDS LARGEST HOBBY SHOW Hundreds exhibitors demonstrating thou sands brand new products ideas pour leisuretime pleasure