6 Canards Using simple formula experi mental data provid ed canard design doesnt have fall victim effects Reynolds numbers John Hunton LUTHER HUX has designed remarkable series model aircraft ranging Snapshot series parafoils space-planes now Voyager Designing success ful flying model Voyager very challenging endeavor Mr Hux em ployed developing Voyager what opinion higher forms de sign developmentthe cut-and-try mod el aviation methodis also credit truly amazing thing though Luthers design accomplished first radio-controlled model CL version recent outstanding success Voyager aircraft modelers undoubt edly will try build fly config uration Unfortunately because difficul ties locating proper balance point because scale Reynolds Number __ -m11 effects may few successes purpose article point out some methodologies will help modeler es tablish good beginning approximations hopefully point him toward success ful design first method simply build scaled Hand-Launched Glider model design test flying Glider mod el experimentally determining best balance point scaling information up applying model youll able achieve good approximation second method used Burt Rutan proportionate loading flying surfaces canard design aerody namically stable foreplane must carry weight per unit area mainplane Ratios used Rutan have var ied 151 31 probably represent ing useful range center-of-gravity CG travel piloted aircraft Unfortunately models cannot tolerate such wide CG range sample calculation based upon Huxs successful model can serve well example optimum CG point can selected addition serving sam ple procedure use other models basic formula used CM x SM x DM SF x DF x LF Terms CM d mainpiane average SM mainplane DM ance center lift mainplane balance point* CF d foreplane average SF foreplane DF ance center lift foreplane balance point* DM Distance between center lift two lifting surfaces LF ing factor number Continued page 163 Both twin engine RC model Control Line Voyager built Luther Hux benefited CG formula presented texi twin RC appeared perfectly trimmed its first flight Voyager required additional work See article Nov 87 issue 78 Model Aviation H IL 0ALANCE iz~____________ 70 1 LL V67JZi9T 1iipLr CkflVL4r7/M placed wherever wire changes direction wraps around wing shown Figure 2 bracing attachment points except wing post use tiny drop thin glue anchor wire block glued securely wire can soaked loose thinner loosen ing block bracing needs removed soak loose lift out way tweez ers Back Figure 1 start end bracing wire wrapped partway around post glued down Leave very short stub grip tweezers ever need soak loose fin ish end wire draped over block al lowed hang down small weight attached tension bracing over wing amount weight use just enough remove sag wire tighten radius loops radius loop wire goes around block until snugged up will make visible radius effectively slackens wire wire has strung around cir cuit weight attached use tweezers radius loop help pull out slack After slack removed glue wire place touches framework use tiny drop thin glue minimize problems removing brac ing repair different problem exists top ca bane easy dislodge wire unless some thing holds place easy way overlap cabane pieces form wire cradle atop cabane Figure 3 Again use small amount glue avoid needing extra solvent soak wire loose repairs needed Consistent adjustments Indoor model sometimes seems need constant adjustment order fly well can have two three problems feel structure has nor mal strength check see wing rib spar other vital piece cracked structure damaged try determine some struc ture may too weak particular sure tail boom isnt damaged strong enough handle flight loads doesnt help check wing posts snug fit sockets posts should bottom out sockets flight adjustment cor rect reliable way to get trim close possible adjusting stab inci dence make tiny trims wing post length until adjustment correct After make sure posts fit snugly sockets spotglue place during contest Anchor wing sockets Another possible cause erratic flights loose wing sockets Figure 4 shows solution Put balsa plug bottom socket sharpen Use tiny drill drill way through motor stick Enlarge top hole just enough pass socket make point die plug stick through bot tom stick Repeat second socket Put wing posts both sockets Check align ment both sockets before gluing Sight along motor stick posts should perpendicular motor stick viewed side should parallel other viewed front Make nec essary adjustments glue sockets place After glue dry trim plugs flush bottom motor stick put glue film over stub photo gallery lost notes two three photos shown built pusher prop carbon-fiber propdrop line Ill give credit Next time Well ran out room again Still come bracing repair bracing components weight saving Canard CG/Hunton Continued page 78 experimentally derived Hux Voyager model * Center lift can approximated /4 distance leading edge fly ing surface its trailing edge sample calculation using figure shown basic formula would go follows numbers except LF ex pressed inches 2 x 47 x DM 14 x DF x 146 Simplifying get 94 x DM x DF measurment two variables can re solved DM 475 DM DF Substituting information origi nal formula 2 x 47 x 475 QUAY BARMR MODELS UM14 SHOESTRINGSIRS SEMI-KIT $11995 KIT$154Falek CONSTRUCTION Rivet U EPOXY/GLASS/FOAM/BALSA WITH DRAWINGS AND DATA FOR FORMULA 120 PYLON SPORT OR STANDOFF SCALE FLLL OR SEMIKITS 8 10 lbs waight 790 sq wing ares 60 2 stroke 12 4 stroke kit prices plus shipping ecredit cards weicone Ohio residents add &* S 216 7776172 27106 Butternut RidgeNorth Olmsted Ohio 44070 SEMIKIT $11995 KIT$15495 Cosmic Wind SEMIKIT $10995 KIT$14495 U SEE YOUR DEALER FIRST U cant help you can order direct us sending full price plus $200 handling U feeto 116W 19th St PO Box U 511E6 Higginsville MO 64037 U call 816 584-7121 U U U U U U U UK EEEEEEEE uary 1988 163 Puzzled CALL MATT Netlmetehulld MuttdeltIII Ihavethefime ewhew 1 Complete 2 Semi-Assembled ready oover sandedi Call 9 am -8pm lEST 609-275-7264 Send prices Kits Engines accessories 9 s Model Building 7 HampshIre Drive Plalnabore NJ 08516 Rate cards available free SASE 4-1 lBs 9-1/2 also build Cars Boats 15 x 14 x DF x 146 4465 DF DF third method locating balance point canard use classic mulas developed Dr Joseph Foa University Minnesota pa per titled Proportioning Canard Airplane Longitudinal Stability Safety Against Stall file AMA Renaud Research Library Reston Unfortu nately formulas require information difficult modeler obtain low Reynolds Number airfoil data worked approximations show clearly CG range fullsized canard proportionately much larger modeland discrepancy illustrates problem modeler faced Additional clues successful canard de sign Dr Foas paper include utiliza tion efficient airfoil foreplane mainplane philoso phy used Rutan requirement higher decalage angle canard up 5O hope information provid ed Luther Huxs experiments supple mented Dr Foas suggestions will help successful making own ca nard design fly Parnall Pixie/Noonan Continued page 85 edges conform airfoil added third piece /16-sq balsa slipping between open ribs true spar helps keep ribs col lapsing contributes better symme try section between spar trailing edge After covering finishing vertical stabilizer cemented stab centerline Two 020 wire hooks ce mented place bottom stab tail unit will secured top longerons stretching orthodontists small rubberbands through apertures fuse lage bottom attaching wire hooks Short lengths bamboo prevent rubberbands pulling back fuselage arrangement allows easy removal tail transit storage also facilitates incidence change important during ad justment period flying Odds ends covered model white Japanese tissue Bob Peck shrinking light spray application rubbing alcohol dry covering job free unsightly wrinkles hit corners edges light sanding using 400-grit wet-or-dry paper Finishing done three coats clear nitrate dope reduced 50% thinner spraying consistency last coat silver powder added ratio about much could get com mon pencil ferrule brass collar holds eraser ounce dope used rather elaborate photographic transfer make registration letters may just effectively cut black tissue carefully cemented place Adhesive spray available artists supply houses facilitates application aileron elevator rudder separa tion may made either carefully inked lines /32 black Chartpack tape airbrushed masking tape giving illusion contouring typical leading portions respec tive surfaces pilot carved light balsa sanded given wood-filler bath Acryl ic colors used simulate skin leather Goggles bent smalldiameter wire carefully dipped clear dope Capillary action dope closed elliptical openings forming lenses Its lot easier trying fit little chunks acetate flying wires form diago Continued page 166 164 Model Aviation SUNBIRD SENSATION WITH STYLE Sunbird combines eye opening performance truly distinctive styling terrific flying design Whether choose 40 size Sunbird 10 Sunbird Jr youll find Sunbird perfect sport plane fl PRECISION PRODUCTS INC 714 592-5144 510 F Arrow Highway San Dimas CA 91773
Edition: Model Aviation - 1988/02
Page Numbers: 78, 163, 164
6 Canards Using simple formula experi mental data provid ed canard design doesnt have fall victim effects Reynolds numbers John Hunton LUTHER HUX has designed remarkable series model aircraft ranging Snapshot series parafoils space-planes now Voyager Designing success ful flying model Voyager very challenging endeavor Mr Hux em ployed developing Voyager what opinion higher forms de sign developmentthe cut-and-try mod el aviation methodis also credit truly amazing thing though Luthers design accomplished first radio-controlled model CL version recent outstanding success Voyager aircraft modelers undoubt edly will try build fly config uration Unfortunately because difficul ties locating proper balance point because scale Reynolds Number __ -m11 effects may few successes purpose article point out some methodologies will help modeler es tablish good beginning approximations hopefully point him toward success ful design first method simply build scaled Hand-Launched Glider model design test flying Glider mod el experimentally determining best balance point scaling information up applying model youll able achieve good approximation second method used Burt Rutan proportionate loading flying surfaces canard design aerody namically stable foreplane must carry weight per unit area mainplane Ratios used Rutan have var ied 151 31 probably represent ing useful range center-of-gravity CG travel piloted aircraft Unfortunately models cannot tolerate such wide CG range sample calculation based upon Huxs successful model can serve well example optimum CG point can selected addition serving sam ple procedure use other models basic formula used CM x SM x DM SF x DF x LF Terms CM d mainpiane average SM mainplane DM ance center lift mainplane balance point* CF d foreplane average SF foreplane DF ance center lift foreplane balance point* DM Distance between center lift two lifting surfaces LF ing factor number Continued page 163 Both twin engine RC model Control Line Voyager built Luther Hux benefited CG formula presented texi twin RC appeared perfectly trimmed its first flight Voyager required additional work See article Nov 87 issue 78 Model Aviation H IL 0ALANCE iz~____________ 70 1 LL V67JZi9T 1iipLr CkflVL4r7/M placed wherever wire changes direction wraps around wing shown Figure 2 bracing attachment points except wing post use tiny drop thin glue anchor wire block glued securely wire can soaked loose thinner loosen ing block bracing needs removed soak loose lift out way tweez ers Back Figure 1 start end bracing wire wrapped partway around post glued down Leave very short stub grip tweezers ever need soak loose fin ish end wire draped over block al lowed hang down small weight attached tension bracing over wing amount weight use just enough remove sag wire tighten radius loops radius loop wire goes around block until snugged up will make visible radius effectively slackens wire wire has strung around cir cuit weight attached use tweezers radius loop help pull out slack After slack removed glue wire place touches framework use tiny drop thin glue minimize problems removing brac ing repair different problem exists top ca bane easy dislodge wire unless some thing holds place easy way overlap cabane pieces form wire cradle atop cabane Figure 3 Again use small amount glue avoid needing extra solvent soak wire loose repairs needed Consistent adjustments Indoor model sometimes seems need constant adjustment order fly well can have two three problems feel structure has nor mal strength check see wing rib spar other vital piece cracked structure damaged try determine some struc ture may too weak particular sure tail boom isnt damaged strong enough handle flight loads doesnt help check wing posts snug fit sockets posts should bottom out sockets flight adjustment cor rect reliable way to get trim close possible adjusting stab inci dence make tiny trims wing post length until adjustment correct After make sure posts fit snugly sockets spotglue place during contest Anchor wing sockets Another possible cause erratic flights loose wing sockets Figure 4 shows solution Put balsa plug bottom socket sharpen Use tiny drill drill way through motor stick Enlarge top hole just enough pass socket make point die plug stick through bot tom stick Repeat second socket Put wing posts both sockets Check align ment both sockets before gluing Sight along motor stick posts should perpendicular motor stick viewed side should parallel other viewed front Make nec essary adjustments glue sockets place After glue dry trim plugs flush bottom motor stick put glue film over stub photo gallery lost notes two three photos shown built pusher prop carbon-fiber propdrop line Ill give credit Next time Well ran out room again Still come bracing repair bracing components weight saving Canard CG/Hunton Continued page 78 experimentally derived Hux Voyager model * Center lift can approximated /4 distance leading edge fly ing surface its trailing edge sample calculation using figure shown basic formula would go follows numbers except LF ex pressed inches 2 x 47 x DM 14 x DF x 146 Simplifying get 94 x DM x DF measurment two variables can re solved DM 475 DM DF Substituting information origi nal formula 2 x 47 x 475 QUAY BARMR MODELS UM14 SHOESTRINGSIRS SEMI-KIT $11995 KIT$154Falek CONSTRUCTION Rivet U EPOXY/GLASS/FOAM/BALSA WITH DRAWINGS AND DATA FOR FORMULA 120 PYLON SPORT OR STANDOFF SCALE FLLL OR SEMIKITS 8 10 lbs waight 790 sq wing ares 60 2 stroke 12 4 stroke kit prices plus shipping ecredit cards weicone Ohio residents add &* S 216 7776172 27106 Butternut RidgeNorth Olmsted Ohio 44070 SEMIKIT $11995 KIT$15495 Cosmic Wind SEMIKIT $10995 KIT$14495 U SEE YOUR DEALER FIRST U cant help you can order direct us sending full price plus $200 handling U feeto 116W 19th St PO Box U 511E6 Higginsville MO 64037 U call 816 584-7121 U U U U U U U UK EEEEEEEE uary 1988 163 Puzzled CALL MATT Netlmetehulld MuttdeltIII Ihavethefime ewhew 1 Complete 2 Semi-Assembled ready oover sandedi Call 9 am -8pm lEST 609-275-7264 Send prices Kits Engines accessories 9 s Model Building 7 HampshIre Drive Plalnabore NJ 08516 Rate cards available free SASE 4-1 lBs 9-1/2 also build Cars Boats 15 x 14 x DF x 146 4465 DF DF third method locating balance point canard use classic mulas developed Dr Joseph Foa University Minnesota pa per titled Proportioning Canard Airplane Longitudinal Stability Safety Against Stall file AMA Renaud Research Library Reston Unfortu nately formulas require information difficult modeler obtain low Reynolds Number airfoil data worked approximations show clearly CG range fullsized canard proportionately much larger modeland discrepancy illustrates problem modeler faced Additional clues successful canard de sign Dr Foas paper include utiliza tion efficient airfoil foreplane mainplane philoso phy used Rutan requirement higher decalage angle canard up 5O hope information provid ed Luther Huxs experiments supple mented Dr Foas suggestions will help successful making own ca nard design fly Parnall Pixie/Noonan Continued page 85 edges conform airfoil added third piece /16-sq balsa slipping between open ribs true spar helps keep ribs col lapsing contributes better symme try section between spar trailing edge After covering finishing vertical stabilizer cemented stab centerline Two 020 wire hooks ce mented place bottom stab tail unit will secured top longerons stretching orthodontists small rubberbands through apertures fuse lage bottom attaching wire hooks Short lengths bamboo prevent rubberbands pulling back fuselage arrangement allows easy removal tail transit storage also facilitates incidence change important during ad justment period flying Odds ends covered model white Japanese tissue Bob Peck shrinking light spray application rubbing alcohol dry covering job free unsightly wrinkles hit corners edges light sanding using 400-grit wet-or-dry paper Finishing done three coats clear nitrate dope reduced 50% thinner spraying consistency last coat silver powder added ratio about much could get com mon pencil ferrule brass collar holds eraser ounce dope used rather elaborate photographic transfer make registration letters may just effectively cut black tissue carefully cemented place Adhesive spray available artists supply houses facilitates application aileron elevator rudder separa tion may made either carefully inked lines /32 black Chartpack tape airbrushed masking tape giving illusion contouring typical leading portions respec tive surfaces pilot carved light balsa sanded given wood-filler bath Acryl ic colors used simulate skin leather Goggles bent smalldiameter wire carefully dipped clear dope Capillary action dope closed elliptical openings forming lenses Its lot easier trying fit little chunks acetate flying wires form diago Continued page 166 164 Model Aviation SUNBIRD SENSATION WITH STYLE Sunbird combines eye opening performance truly distinctive styling terrific flying design Whether choose 40 size Sunbird 10 Sunbird Jr youll find Sunbird perfect sport plane fl PRECISION PRODUCTS INC 714 592-5144 510 F Arrow Highway San Dimas CA 91773
Edition: Model Aviation - 1988/02
Page Numbers: 78, 163, 164
6 Canards Using simple formula experi mental data provid ed canard design doesnt have fall victim effects Reynolds numbers John Hunton LUTHER HUX has designed remarkable series model aircraft ranging Snapshot series parafoils space-planes now Voyager Designing success ful flying model Voyager very challenging endeavor Mr Hux em ployed developing Voyager what opinion higher forms de sign developmentthe cut-and-try mod el aviation methodis also credit truly amazing thing though Luthers design accomplished first radio-controlled model CL version recent outstanding success Voyager aircraft modelers undoubt edly will try build fly config uration Unfortunately because difficul ties locating proper balance point because scale Reynolds Number __ -m11 effects may few successes purpose article point out some methodologies will help modeler es tablish good beginning approximations hopefully point him toward success ful design first method simply build scaled Hand-Launched Glider model design test flying Glider mod el experimentally determining best balance point scaling information up applying model youll able achieve good approximation second method used Burt Rutan proportionate loading flying surfaces canard design aerody namically stable foreplane must carry weight per unit area mainplane Ratios used Rutan have var ied 151 31 probably represent ing useful range center-of-gravity CG travel piloted aircraft Unfortunately models cannot tolerate such wide CG range sample calculation based upon Huxs successful model can serve well example optimum CG point can selected addition serving sam ple procedure use other models basic formula used CM x SM x DM SF x DF x LF Terms CM d mainpiane average SM mainplane DM ance center lift mainplane balance point* CF d foreplane average SF foreplane DF ance center lift foreplane balance point* DM Distance between center lift two lifting surfaces LF ing factor number Continued page 163 Both twin engine RC model Control Line Voyager built Luther Hux benefited CG formula presented texi twin RC appeared perfectly trimmed its first flight Voyager required additional work See article Nov 87 issue 78 Model Aviation H IL 0ALANCE iz~____________ 70 1 LL V67JZi9T 1iipLr CkflVL4r7/M placed wherever wire changes direction wraps around wing shown Figure 2 bracing attachment points except wing post use tiny drop thin glue anchor wire block glued securely wire can soaked loose thinner loosen ing block bracing needs removed soak loose lift out way tweez ers Back Figure 1 start end bracing wire wrapped partway around post glued down Leave very short stub grip tweezers ever need soak loose fin ish end wire draped over block al lowed hang down small weight attached tension bracing over wing amount weight use just enough remove sag wire tighten radius loops radius loop wire goes around block until snugged up will make visible radius effectively slackens wire wire has strung around cir cuit weight attached use tweezers radius loop help pull out slack After slack removed glue wire place touches framework use tiny drop thin glue minimize problems removing brac ing repair different problem exists top ca bane easy dislodge wire unless some thing holds place easy way overlap cabane pieces form wire cradle atop cabane Figure 3 Again use small amount glue avoid needing extra solvent soak wire loose repairs needed Consistent adjustments Indoor model sometimes seems need constant adjustment order fly well can have two three problems feel structure has nor mal strength check see wing rib spar other vital piece cracked structure damaged try determine some struc ture may too weak particular sure tail boom isnt damaged strong enough handle flight loads doesnt help check wing posts snug fit sockets posts should bottom out sockets flight adjustment cor rect reliable way to get trim close possible adjusting stab inci dence make tiny trims wing post length until adjustment correct After make sure posts fit snugly sockets spotglue place during contest Anchor wing sockets Another possible cause erratic flights loose wing sockets Figure 4 shows solution Put balsa plug bottom socket sharpen Use tiny drill drill way through motor stick Enlarge top hole just enough pass socket make point die plug stick through bot tom stick Repeat second socket Put wing posts both sockets Check align ment both sockets before gluing Sight along motor stick posts should perpendicular motor stick viewed side should parallel other viewed front Make nec essary adjustments glue sockets place After glue dry trim plugs flush bottom motor stick put glue film over stub photo gallery lost notes two three photos shown built pusher prop carbon-fiber propdrop line Ill give credit Next time Well ran out room again Still come bracing repair bracing components weight saving Canard CG/Hunton Continued page 78 experimentally derived Hux Voyager model * Center lift can approximated /4 distance leading edge fly ing surface its trailing edge sample calculation using figure shown basic formula would go follows numbers except LF ex pressed inches 2 x 47 x DM 14 x DF x 146 Simplifying get 94 x DM x DF measurment two variables can re solved DM 475 DM DF Substituting information origi nal formula 2 x 47 x 475 QUAY BARMR MODELS UM14 SHOESTRINGSIRS SEMI-KIT $11995 KIT$154Falek CONSTRUCTION Rivet U EPOXY/GLASS/FOAM/BALSA WITH DRAWINGS AND DATA FOR FORMULA 120 PYLON SPORT OR STANDOFF SCALE FLLL OR SEMIKITS 8 10 lbs waight 790 sq wing ares 60 2 stroke 12 4 stroke kit prices plus shipping ecredit cards weicone Ohio residents add &* S 216 7776172 27106 Butternut RidgeNorth Olmsted Ohio 44070 SEMIKIT $11995 KIT$15495 Cosmic Wind SEMIKIT $10995 KIT$14495 U SEE YOUR DEALER FIRST U cant help you can order direct us sending full price plus $200 handling U feeto 116W 19th St PO Box U 511E6 Higginsville MO 64037 U call 816 584-7121 U U U U U U U UK EEEEEEEE uary 1988 163 Puzzled CALL MATT Netlmetehulld MuttdeltIII Ihavethefime ewhew 1 Complete 2 Semi-Assembled ready oover sandedi Call 9 am -8pm lEST 609-275-7264 Send prices Kits Engines accessories 9 s Model Building 7 HampshIre Drive Plalnabore NJ 08516 Rate cards available free SASE 4-1 lBs 9-1/2 also build Cars Boats 15 x 14 x DF x 146 4465 DF DF third method locating balance point canard use classic mulas developed Dr Joseph Foa University Minnesota pa per titled Proportioning Canard Airplane Longitudinal Stability Safety Against Stall file AMA Renaud Research Library Reston Unfortu nately formulas require information difficult modeler obtain low Reynolds Number airfoil data worked approximations show clearly CG range fullsized canard proportionately much larger modeland discrepancy illustrates problem modeler faced Additional clues successful canard de sign Dr Foas paper include utiliza tion efficient airfoil foreplane mainplane philoso phy used Rutan requirement higher decalage angle canard up 5O hope information provid ed Luther Huxs experiments supple mented Dr Foas suggestions will help successful making own ca nard design fly Parnall Pixie/Noonan Continued page 85 edges conform airfoil added third piece /16-sq balsa slipping between open ribs true spar helps keep ribs col lapsing contributes better symme try section between spar trailing edge After covering finishing vertical stabilizer cemented stab centerline Two 020 wire hooks ce mented place bottom stab tail unit will secured top longerons stretching orthodontists small rubberbands through apertures fuse lage bottom attaching wire hooks Short lengths bamboo prevent rubberbands pulling back fuselage arrangement allows easy removal tail transit storage also facilitates incidence change important during ad justment period flying Odds ends covered model white Japanese tissue Bob Peck shrinking light spray application rubbing alcohol dry covering job free unsightly wrinkles hit corners edges light sanding using 400-grit wet-or-dry paper Finishing done three coats clear nitrate dope reduced 50% thinner spraying consistency last coat silver powder added ratio about much could get com mon pencil ferrule brass collar holds eraser ounce dope used rather elaborate photographic transfer make registration letters may just effectively cut black tissue carefully cemented place Adhesive spray available artists supply houses facilitates application aileron elevator rudder separa tion may made either carefully inked lines /32 black Chartpack tape airbrushed masking tape giving illusion contouring typical leading portions respec tive surfaces pilot carved light balsa sanded given wood-filler bath Acryl ic colors used simulate skin leather Goggles bent smalldiameter wire carefully dipped clear dope Capillary action dope closed elliptical openings forming lenses Its lot easier trying fit little chunks acetate flying wires form diago Continued page 166 164 Model Aviation SUNBIRD SENSATION WITH STYLE Sunbird combines eye opening performance truly distinctive styling terrific flying design Whether choose 40 size Sunbird 10 Sunbird Jr youll find Sunbird perfect sport plane fl PRECISION PRODUCTS INC 714 592-5144 510 F Arrow Highway San Dimas CA 91773