U DB Mathews RECENT conversation modeling friend 40 years called attention confusion about several columns Ive written power loading engine displacement relative wing area gross weight may well result oversimplification part As illustrated several photos some models designed handle incredible amounts power others unable difference lies rigging Ill try clarify month Underpowering usually problem since model will likely barely fly anyway other hand overpowering model fraught potential aerodynamic problems following will fundamental some readers hopefully helpful others purpose simplicity will confine comments forces affect pitch attitude model leaving roll yaw another time have no delusions expertise matters aerodynamic what little know has learned cut-and-try Some Models Climb As Power Added crude Illustration attempts illustrate reference engine horizontal stabilizer wing datum line model definition datum line reference fore aft fuselage everything related during design assembly rigging Datum line angle model flies through air angle attack flight necessarily same Fully aerobatic Radio Control RC Control Line CL models usually set up zero zero zero have no downthrust power plant incidence wing stabilizer reference datum line Set up way fully-aerobatic model has no inherent stability its nose pushed down stays down turned will continue turn until told stop Inverted upright knife-edge acrobatic model trimmed fly its put essentially unstable limit power weight structural integrity other end spectrum RC trainers power Rubber Free Flight sport RC designs have angular variations datum line stability reasons models rigged return level flight own ideal designed purpose However because angular differences models can uncontrollable excessive power used Illustration 1 trainer has several degrees engine downthrust positive incidence wing leading edge higher trailing edge separate datum line drawn center airfoils leading trailing edges horizontal stabilizer set negative incidence leading edge down combination angular differences called decalage Illustration 2 model flight wing datum line parallel flight path angle attack fuselage pointed down nose-down attitude adds downthrust negative incidence tail equivalent up elevator As model passes rapidly through air power increased model will tend climb another October 1999 85 Tom Dixons Marietta GA beautiful Live Wire Champ Its successful 09 15 singlechannel trainer 1950s wildly overpowered 40 John Walkers Wellington KS zero incidence dihedral conversion stock Whiz 40 model powered Rossi 60 fully aerobatic trainer situation power remains constant model pushed dive down elevator will naturally return level flight elevator returned neutral way pitch-axis stability built inexactly what designer wants trainer also reason instructors heard say throttle back let go sticks student pilots model gets out control desirable qualities become liability model grossly overpowered its velocity exceeds built-in stability overemphasizing Look Illustration 2 consider what would occur model flew really fast decalage Though engine downthrust used help control climb tendency limits much can used excess downthrust will require up elevator engine running wide open yet throttled back model will tend stall model flown under continuous power needs 50 downthrust youre wasting much power might well use smaller power plant Free Flight power applied short time case rubber power delivered short bursts declining thrust much downthrust can sometimes should used Free Flight designs also incorporate considerable angular differences between wing stabilizer prevent tendency model drop its nose dive under power Conversely Free Flight model passes vertical becomes inverted look drawing see what will happen Classic Example Raw Power 1950s multichannel reed radios became available separate classes RC competition created provide chance less-complex gear still compete separately full fouractually eight- channel reed aircraft few years classes based number surfaces controlled Class II limited two movable surfaces may find bard believe some instances choice rudder throttle throttlenot elevatorwas used control pitch attitude strange designs set up loop roll Vast amounts power such 45s what would considered 19 models coupled huge amounts downtbrust such 200 enough right thrust control torque Negative incidence built stabilizer models often steerable ground takeoff involved applying full throttle until takeoff speed achieved throttle reduced eliminate force downthrust allowing model take off flight stab negative overcome adjusting throttle climb descent pure power function loop full power added generate forward speed throttle chopped forcing model up over effect stabilizer roll power rudder added top loop dihedral ineffective roll axis since wing inverted Standard side view datum line parallel ground Showing downthrust positive wing negative stab same aircraft shown flight angle attack matches wings datum line Note angular changes 86 Model Aviation ABILIZER AT 30 DOWNTHRUST ILLUSTRATION 1 AS SEEN ON PLANS WING NOW AT 00 STABILIZER NOW AT 6o AT 6O ILLUSTRATION 2 ANGLE OF ATTACK IN FLIGHT may seem like some sort fantasy true illustrates much destabilizing effect excessive power can have model designed handle Good Advice Tom Dixon CL guru built DeBolt Live Wire Champion trainer son chose own reworked CL Stunt 40s power experienced almost uncontrollable takeoff barely able recover model Tom puzzled recalled Champion marvelous trainer 45 years ago speculated problem inadequate vertical fin volume Champion design used positive incidence wing negative tail several degrees downthrust point would hope know what Toms problem Champion originally kitted designed 09 15 engines saw Champions fly wondrously singlechannel weighed ton powered Miles 13 diesels Cub 14s contemporary 15 might bit much wrote Tom suggested reduce power has done Now Champion seems have enough rudder letter called Toms attention fact CL types have Fox 35 benchmark stunt designs decades about same engine Noblers Flite Streaks such new does apply modern RC engines compared available 1950s modern 15 will run rings around back Keep Learning Super BuglRudderbug recreation published 5/98 MA excellent example phenomenon Originally designed single-channel rudder radio powered 15-19 glow engine 1950s vintage reworked model three channels foolishly powered contemporary 40 four-stroke changing rigging finished weight less original 40 has least three times power originals K&B greenhead 19 Walt Good designed model 3- 40 positive incidence wing about much downthrust stab 20 negative quickly learned required full down elevator remain level flight had created wildly overpowered monster After adding positive incidence stab increasing downthrust Super Bug became pure delight adds up elevator takeoff merely reduces power make lovely landings model touches down stays down its tricycle gear sigmoid bouncing often seen Properly rigged Super Bug marvelous model Turning tables John Walker removed wing positive downthrust dihedral stock Whiz 40 stuffed Rossi 60 nose result amazing aerobatic model will hold its own Bingo though wing top Point Through years oldtime Free Flight designs have converted published radio-assist Experience has shown Free Flight r. 1-iUUUL SANYO RC-2000 CELLS$550 Ea SANYO RC-2000 CELLS MATCHED$600 Ea SANYO RC-1700 CELLS new$400 Ea SANYO RC-1700 CELLS MATCHED$450 Ea SANYO KR1400 AE$350 Ea SANYO N1000 SCR CELLS$350 Ea SANYO N700 AA CELLS$150 Ea SANYO N500 AR CELLS$350 Ea SANYO KR600 AE CELLS$250 Ea SANYO N800 AR CELLS$350 Ea SANYO N350 AA CELLS$250 Ea 4 CELL 270AA RECEIVER PACK$1000 Ea 5 CELL 1000 AE RECEIVER PACK$1800 Ea CONNECTOR P1fl R ItT ACK$150 Pr AND BRAID ALSO AVAILABLE October 1999 87 Spitfire MK tX83$4500 Spitfire MK 169$4000 Spitfire MK 14/1969$4000 Spitfire MK iX110$4900 Hawker Hurricane70$4000 Hawker Typhoon72$4000 OH Moaquito71$4000 OH Mosquito81$4500 Hawker Tempest615$3000 P-47076$4500 Hellcat64$3000 Hellcat80$3500 F4U-182$4500 Storch72$3000 Storch96$3500 Harvard94$4500 P-Si 1369$2500 Bf tO9F61$4000 indicatna laaer partn available Please add 65O tar postage BOB HOLMAN PLANS POBOX 741 SAN BERNARDINO GA 92402 BHPLANS@AOLCOM Best Scale catalog $500 pp Cards Ok UK German catalogs available EPP Foam 13 lb/cu ft Expanded Polypropylene Foam Similar appearance beaded white foam high impact resistance Makes NEARLY RUCTIBLE slope combat sailplane trainer AEROSPACE 8 Thick 4314 Thick Composite Products12 x 36$90012 x 36$1800 12x48$120012x48$2400 24 x 36 $1750 24 x 36 $3500 36 x 48 $3500 36 x 48 $7000 designs 930s 940s half original engine displacement plenty Power plants 1950s should calculated 70%-80% modern engines designer plans kit says use 40-50 engine stick prepared make aerodynamic changes once common manufacturers fudge bit engine size recommendations broaden kits sales appeal sticking middle range pretty sure bet Perhaps will clarify things have written through years relating wild takeoff handling old-timers early-era RC trainers have written asking dont use downthrust sometimes Summarize amount power used model has direct impact its design Modern aerobatic designs high-powered have no angular differences relative datum lines inherently unstable Older model designs contemporary trainers have angular variations datum line built moderate flying velocities variations create inherent stability Unfortunately higher speeds incidence angles add permanent up elevator Overpowered will tend take off hit back head Gyro$9499 control SystemPiezo Element Temperature Range-10- 60 c Voltage Range48 12 Volta current Drawt4 SizeiSo 16a 067 Weight28g Micro pocesso vantroiled temperature compensation dual sensitivity adiustmont treosminer duai servo output transmitters micron buiit hue om monitor in/LEO wernina under d4 units servo Master Gyro$8499 Same specs Wing Gyro 510am onboard sensitivity cnntroi Tele-Gyro$19499 Same specs Wing Gyro Onboard remote sensitivity adivotment ProflGyro Head Holding$12499 Same specs Wing Gyro Ouai sensitivity Onuding Ovid rOmoteiy switvhubin L ieeivers us Park & Slow moms JR tutaba Ainronics Hitec Berg 6 ch Receiver$5499 crystal 72153150 Mhz999 Narrow Band6 Khz SoBerBleriot III slow flyer$5999 Light-weight in/case16gGrade Eindecker slowflyer w/n case128g End plug type size21 0090 074 g sttan496 Top plug type size180090074 ke off Weight99 nz Operating voltage48 -6 volts trolsele/radlthrot current drawe ma dio requiredmicro ro & servos Sensitivity2ev 6er1t6 7 cells Comes vinan shrink wrap andiabei ton use ranrdineriiy nova nyina rectenstics 00% pro ass case Jumper sniectabie ton use earsnosasue positron embiod nude nut ot moided Sovetite team deveinped shin moduietino Jumper sniectabiefur chorce vhs uses e noon drivon prop inpod speciatty tor onch 7macus sin nyom tO 20 minutes night timo dopondion _________________________________________________no nattenmo -U Ikarus Electric Helicopters Eco 8$19999 Length3582 Rotor spandl 73 Weight46 lbs BaBeries6-12 cells hot use usith 5 channot hoilcopton radios Uses 500 700 morons 2500 Onushiess motots anaiiahie upgrade hap-up pans aiso avaiiuoio Piccoloapprox $2399t Length189 Rotor span187 Weight988 nz Batteries6 8 cells Eec undon unpe Ovoapym kh Rumplerflyer$6999 Wing ... 43 Take off Weight98 oz controlsele/rad/throt Radio reqairedmisi ro & servos Baeery8 -800115 270 600 mah Eetranndinaniiy anud tiyion characteristics 5 0 hour assemhiy time mado nut ot moided Novaiito toamdevei oped ikanus sin nyom usos soar driven prop 20 minutes nying time depending no hanonios uson miii ny ight minds Schulze Electronic Speed controls Slim totnamp$6495 Slim 24 zdamp 6485 Slim 35 35 amp 7895 Boost 50 ton bnushioss...1d995 Follow yosr model throsgh different 3D landscapes Fly thrnagh narrow valleys try land tha table club housel carefal hit solid nbjects crash will result Generate nwn flying weather using fog wind thermals Use functions ot trans wiSer change parameters of mndels Learn fly helicopters using computer aided trainer system Fly anywhere within scenery like fly glider standing tnp mount ainl Miemmum reqeiremeets Pontium 50 miodoms 95 206 union graphic card 16 MB RSM CO 0GM dnivo 50 dO hard diok space tnee senioi interface tneosmiOor trainon capahiiitv SOC vutpmt 88 Model Aviation 0 Doolittle Drive San Leandro cA 94577 Orders tSOO 811-2009 Info t510 352-2022 E-mail info@acpcompositescom Web Site www acpcompouiteecon iarus iyros MiniSI 6430 Gyro$5999 control SystemPrezn ElementInput Temperature Range-10- c5OCOutput 1 Voltage Ruoge3 5 8 Voltscells 30 cells current Draw14 muhcharge carrent100 ma-S amp Size 1145n 1t45o 066Discharge carrent25 ma 2 amps Wetght14GOutput 2 Micro processor caotroiiodtomporaturo campoosationcells oeuttai antustabte sinsinsnositivity adivutmoct bulitcharge current battery monitar wiLkOwumins under us units
Edition: Model Aviation - 1999/10
Page Numbers: 85, 86, 87, 88
Edition: Model Aviation - 1999/10
Page Numbers: 85, 86, 87, 88
U DB Mathews RECENT conversation modeling friend 40 years called attention confusion about several columns Ive written power loading engine displacement relative wing area gross weight may well result oversimplification part As illustrated several photos some models designed handle incredible amounts power others unable difference lies rigging Ill try clarify month Underpowering usually problem since model will likely barely fly anyway other hand overpowering model fraught potential aerodynamic problems following will fundamental some readers hopefully helpful others purpose simplicity will confine comments forces affect pitch attitude model leaving roll yaw another time have no delusions expertise matters aerodynamic what little know has learned cut-and-try Some Models Climb As Power Added crude Illustration attempts illustrate reference engine horizontal stabilizer wing datum line model definition datum line reference fore aft fuselage everything related during design assembly rigging Datum line angle model flies through air angle attack flight necessarily same Fully aerobatic Radio Control RC Control Line CL models usually set up zero zero zero have no downthrust power plant incidence wing stabilizer reference datum line Set up way fully-aerobatic model has no inherent stability its nose pushed down stays down turned will continue turn until told stop Inverted upright knife-edge acrobatic model trimmed fly its put essentially unstable limit power weight structural integrity other end spectrum RC trainers power Rubber Free Flight sport RC designs have angular variations datum line stability reasons models rigged return level flight own ideal designed purpose However because angular differences models can uncontrollable excessive power used Illustration 1 trainer has several degrees engine downthrust positive incidence wing leading edge higher trailing edge separate datum line drawn center airfoils leading trailing edges horizontal stabilizer set negative incidence leading edge down combination angular differences called decalage Illustration 2 model flight wing datum line parallel flight path angle attack fuselage pointed down nose-down attitude adds downthrust negative incidence tail equivalent up elevator As model passes rapidly through air power increased model will tend climb another October 1999 85 Tom Dixons Marietta GA beautiful Live Wire Champ Its successful 09 15 singlechannel trainer 1950s wildly overpowered 40 John Walkers Wellington KS zero incidence dihedral conversion stock Whiz 40 model powered Rossi 60 fully aerobatic trainer situation power remains constant model pushed dive down elevator will naturally return level flight elevator returned neutral way pitch-axis stability built inexactly what designer wants trainer also reason instructors heard say throttle back let go sticks student pilots model gets out control desirable qualities become liability model grossly overpowered its velocity exceeds built-in stability overemphasizing Look Illustration 2 consider what would occur model flew really fast decalage Though engine downthrust used help control climb tendency limits much can used excess downthrust will require up elevator engine running wide open yet throttled back model will tend stall model flown under continuous power needs 50 downthrust youre wasting much power might well use smaller power plant Free Flight power applied short time case rubber power delivered short bursts declining thrust much downthrust can sometimes should used Free Flight designs also incorporate considerable angular differences between wing stabilizer prevent tendency model drop its nose dive under power Conversely Free Flight model passes vertical becomes inverted look drawing see what will happen Classic Example Raw Power 1950s multichannel reed radios became available separate classes RC competition created provide chance less-complex gear still compete separately full fouractually eight- channel reed aircraft few years classes based number surfaces controlled Class II limited two movable surfaces may find bard believe some instances choice rudder throttle throttlenot elevatorwas used control pitch attitude strange designs set up loop roll Vast amounts power such 45s what would considered 19 models coupled huge amounts downtbrust such 200 enough right thrust control torque Negative incidence built stabilizer models often steerable ground takeoff involved applying full throttle until takeoff speed achieved throttle reduced eliminate force downthrust allowing model take off flight stab negative overcome adjusting throttle climb descent pure power function loop full power added generate forward speed throttle chopped forcing model up over effect stabilizer roll power rudder added top loop dihedral ineffective roll axis since wing inverted Standard side view datum line parallel ground Showing downthrust positive wing negative stab same aircraft shown flight angle attack matches wings datum line Note angular changes 86 Model Aviation ABILIZER AT 30 DOWNTHRUST ILLUSTRATION 1 AS SEEN ON PLANS WING NOW AT 00 STABILIZER NOW AT 6o AT 6O ILLUSTRATION 2 ANGLE OF ATTACK IN FLIGHT may seem like some sort fantasy true illustrates much destabilizing effect excessive power can have model designed handle Good Advice Tom Dixon CL guru built DeBolt Live Wire Champion trainer son chose own reworked CL Stunt 40s power experienced almost uncontrollable takeoff barely able recover model Tom puzzled recalled Champion marvelous trainer 45 years ago speculated problem inadequate vertical fin volume Champion design used positive incidence wing negative tail several degrees downthrust point would hope know what Toms problem Champion originally kitted designed 09 15 engines saw Champions fly wondrously singlechannel weighed ton powered Miles 13 diesels Cub 14s contemporary 15 might bit much wrote Tom suggested reduce power has done Now Champion seems have enough rudder letter called Toms attention fact CL types have Fox 35 benchmark stunt designs decades about same engine Noblers Flite Streaks such new does apply modern RC engines compared available 1950s modern 15 will run rings around back Keep Learning Super BuglRudderbug recreation published 5/98 MA excellent example phenomenon Originally designed single-channel rudder radio powered 15-19 glow engine 1950s vintage reworked model three channels foolishly powered contemporary 40 four-stroke changing rigging finished weight less original 40 has least three times power originals K&B greenhead 19 Walt Good designed model 3- 40 positive incidence wing about much downthrust stab 20 negative quickly learned required full down elevator remain level flight had created wildly overpowered monster After adding positive incidence stab increasing downthrust Super Bug became pure delight adds up elevator takeoff merely reduces power make lovely landings model touches down stays down its tricycle gear sigmoid bouncing often seen Properly rigged Super Bug marvelous model Turning tables John Walker removed wing positive downthrust dihedral stock Whiz 40 stuffed Rossi 60 nose result amazing aerobatic model will hold its own Bingo though wing top Point Through years oldtime Free Flight designs have converted published radio-assist Experience has shown Free Flight r. 1-iUUUL SANYO RC-2000 CELLS$550 Ea SANYO RC-2000 CELLS MATCHED$600 Ea SANYO RC-1700 CELLS new$400 Ea SANYO RC-1700 CELLS MATCHED$450 Ea SANYO KR1400 AE$350 Ea SANYO N1000 SCR CELLS$350 Ea SANYO N700 AA CELLS$150 Ea SANYO N500 AR CELLS$350 Ea SANYO KR600 AE CELLS$250 Ea SANYO N800 AR CELLS$350 Ea SANYO N350 AA CELLS$250 Ea 4 CELL 270AA RECEIVER PACK$1000 Ea 5 CELL 1000 AE RECEIVER PACK$1800 Ea CONNECTOR P1fl R ItT ACK$150 Pr AND BRAID ALSO AVAILABLE October 1999 87 Spitfire MK tX83$4500 Spitfire MK 169$4000 Spitfire MK 14/1969$4000 Spitfire MK iX110$4900 Hawker Hurricane70$4000 Hawker Typhoon72$4000 OH Moaquito71$4000 OH Mosquito81$4500 Hawker Tempest615$3000 P-47076$4500 Hellcat64$3000 Hellcat80$3500 F4U-182$4500 Storch72$3000 Storch96$3500 Harvard94$4500 P-Si 1369$2500 Bf tO9F61$4000 indicatna laaer partn available Please add 65O tar postage BOB HOLMAN PLANS POBOX 741 SAN BERNARDINO GA 92402 BHPLANS@AOLCOM Best Scale catalog $500 pp Cards Ok UK German catalogs available EPP Foam 13 lb/cu ft Expanded Polypropylene Foam Similar appearance beaded white foam high impact resistance Makes NEARLY RUCTIBLE slope combat sailplane trainer AEROSPACE 8 Thick 4314 Thick Composite Products12 x 36$90012 x 36$1800 12x48$120012x48$2400 24 x 36 $1750 24 x 36 $3500 36 x 48 $3500 36 x 48 $7000 designs 930s 940s half original engine displacement plenty Power plants 1950s should calculated 70%-80% modern engines designer plans kit says use 40-50 engine stick prepared make aerodynamic changes once common manufacturers fudge bit engine size recommendations broaden kits sales appeal sticking middle range pretty sure bet Perhaps will clarify things have written through years relating wild takeoff handling old-timers early-era RC trainers have written asking dont use downthrust sometimes Summarize amount power used model has direct impact its design Modern aerobatic designs high-powered have no angular differences relative datum lines inherently unstable Older model designs contemporary trainers have angular variations datum line built moderate flying velocities variations create inherent stability Unfortunately higher speeds incidence angles add permanent up elevator Overpowered will tend take off hit back head Gyro$9499 control SystemPiezo Element Temperature Range-10- 60 c Voltage Range48 12 Volta current Drawt4 SizeiSo 16a 067 Weight28g Micro pocesso vantroiled temperature compensation dual sensitivity adiustmont treosminer duai servo output transmitters micron buiit hue om monitor in/LEO wernina under d4 units servo Master Gyro$8499 Same specs Wing Gyro 510am onboard sensitivity cnntroi Tele-Gyro$19499 Same specs Wing Gyro Onboard remote sensitivity adivotment ProflGyro Head Holding$12499 Same specs Wing Gyro Ouai sensitivity Onuding Ovid rOmoteiy switvhubin L ieeivers us Park & Slow moms JR tutaba Ainronics Hitec Berg 6 ch Receiver$5499 crystal 72153150 Mhz999 Narrow Band6 Khz SoBerBleriot III slow flyer$5999 Light-weight in/case16gGrade Eindecker slowflyer w/n case128g End plug type size21 0090 074 g sttan496 Top plug type size180090074 ke off Weight99 nz Operating voltage48 -6 volts trolsele/radlthrot current drawe ma dio requiredmicro ro & servos Sensitivity2ev 6er1t6 7 cells Comes vinan shrink wrap andiabei ton use ranrdineriiy nova nyina rectenstics 00% pro ass case Jumper sniectabie ton use earsnosasue positron embiod nude nut ot moided Sovetite team deveinped shin moduietino Jumper sniectabiefur chorce vhs uses e noon drivon prop inpod speciatty tor onch 7macus sin nyom tO 20 minutes night timo dopondion _________________________________________________no nattenmo -U Ikarus Electric Helicopters Eco 8$19999 Length3582 Rotor spandl 73 Weight46 lbs BaBeries6-12 cells hot use usith 5 channot hoilcopton radios Uses 500 700 morons 2500 Onushiess motots anaiiahie upgrade hap-up pans aiso avaiiuoio Piccoloapprox $2399t Length189 Rotor span187 Weight988 nz Batteries6 8 cells Eec undon unpe Ovoapym kh Rumplerflyer$6999 Wing ... 43 Take off Weight98 oz controlsele/rad/throt Radio reqairedmisi ro & servos Baeery8 -800115 270 600 mah Eetranndinaniiy anud tiyion characteristics 5 0 hour assemhiy time mado nut ot moided Novaiito toamdevei oped ikanus sin nyom usos soar driven prop 20 minutes nying time depending no hanonios uson miii ny ight minds Schulze Electronic Speed controls Slim totnamp$6495 Slim 24 zdamp 6485 Slim 35 35 amp 7895 Boost 50 ton bnushioss...1d995 Follow yosr model throsgh different 3D landscapes Fly thrnagh narrow valleys try land tha table club housel carefal hit solid nbjects crash will result Generate nwn flying weather using fog wind thermals Use functions ot trans wiSer change parameters of mndels Learn fly helicopters using computer aided trainer system Fly anywhere within scenery like fly glider standing tnp mount ainl Miemmum reqeiremeets Pontium 50 miodoms 95 206 union graphic card 16 MB RSM CO 0GM dnivo 50 dO hard diok space tnee senioi interface tneosmiOor trainon capahiiitv SOC vutpmt 88 Model Aviation 0 Doolittle Drive San Leandro cA 94577 Orders tSOO 811-2009 Info t510 352-2022 E-mail info@acpcompositescom Web Site www acpcompouiteecon iarus iyros MiniSI 6430 Gyro$5999 control SystemPrezn ElementInput Temperature Range-10- c5OCOutput 1 Voltage Ruoge3 5 8 Voltscells 30 cells current Draw14 muhcharge carrent100 ma-S amp Size 1145n 1t45o 066Discharge carrent25 ma 2 amps Wetght14GOutput 2 Micro processor caotroiiodtomporaturo campoosationcells oeuttai antustabte sinsinsnositivity adivutmoct bulitcharge current battery monitar wiLkOwumins under us units
Edition: Model Aviation - 1999/10
Page Numbers: 85, 86, 87, 88
U DB Mathews RECENT conversation modeling friend 40 years called attention confusion about several columns Ive written power loading engine displacement relative wing area gross weight may well result oversimplification part As illustrated several photos some models designed handle incredible amounts power others unable difference lies rigging Ill try clarify month Underpowering usually problem since model will likely barely fly anyway other hand overpowering model fraught potential aerodynamic problems following will fundamental some readers hopefully helpful others purpose simplicity will confine comments forces affect pitch attitude model leaving roll yaw another time have no delusions expertise matters aerodynamic what little know has learned cut-and-try Some Models Climb As Power Added crude Illustration attempts illustrate reference engine horizontal stabilizer wing datum line model definition datum line reference fore aft fuselage everything related during design assembly rigging Datum line angle model flies through air angle attack flight necessarily same Fully aerobatic Radio Control RC Control Line CL models usually set up zero zero zero have no downthrust power plant incidence wing stabilizer reference datum line Set up way fully-aerobatic model has no inherent stability its nose pushed down stays down turned will continue turn until told stop Inverted upright knife-edge acrobatic model trimmed fly its put essentially unstable limit power weight structural integrity other end spectrum RC trainers power Rubber Free Flight sport RC designs have angular variations datum line stability reasons models rigged return level flight own ideal designed purpose However because angular differences models can uncontrollable excessive power used Illustration 1 trainer has several degrees engine downthrust positive incidence wing leading edge higher trailing edge separate datum line drawn center airfoils leading trailing edges horizontal stabilizer set negative incidence leading edge down combination angular differences called decalage Illustration 2 model flight wing datum line parallel flight path angle attack fuselage pointed down nose-down attitude adds downthrust negative incidence tail equivalent up elevator As model passes rapidly through air power increased model will tend climb another October 1999 85 Tom Dixons Marietta GA beautiful Live Wire Champ Its successful 09 15 singlechannel trainer 1950s wildly overpowered 40 John Walkers Wellington KS zero incidence dihedral conversion stock Whiz 40 model powered Rossi 60 fully aerobatic trainer situation power remains constant model pushed dive down elevator will naturally return level flight elevator returned neutral way pitch-axis stability built inexactly what designer wants trainer also reason instructors heard say throttle back let go sticks student pilots model gets out control desirable qualities become liability model grossly overpowered its velocity exceeds built-in stability overemphasizing Look Illustration 2 consider what would occur model flew really fast decalage Though engine downthrust used help control climb tendency limits much can used excess downthrust will require up elevator engine running wide open yet throttled back model will tend stall model flown under continuous power needs 50 downthrust youre wasting much power might well use smaller power plant Free Flight power applied short time case rubber power delivered short bursts declining thrust much downthrust can sometimes should used Free Flight designs also incorporate considerable angular differences between wing stabilizer prevent tendency model drop its nose dive under power Conversely Free Flight model passes vertical becomes inverted look drawing see what will happen Classic Example Raw Power 1950s multichannel reed radios became available separate classes RC competition created provide chance less-complex gear still compete separately full fouractually eight- channel reed aircraft few years classes based number surfaces controlled Class II limited two movable surfaces may find bard believe some instances choice rudder throttle throttlenot elevatorwas used control pitch attitude strange designs set up loop roll Vast amounts power such 45s what would considered 19 models coupled huge amounts downtbrust such 200 enough right thrust control torque Negative incidence built stabilizer models often steerable ground takeoff involved applying full throttle until takeoff speed achieved throttle reduced eliminate force downthrust allowing model take off flight stab negative overcome adjusting throttle climb descent pure power function loop full power added generate forward speed throttle chopped forcing model up over effect stabilizer roll power rudder added top loop dihedral ineffective roll axis since wing inverted Standard side view datum line parallel ground Showing downthrust positive wing negative stab same aircraft shown flight angle attack matches wings datum line Note angular changes 86 Model Aviation ABILIZER AT 30 DOWNTHRUST ILLUSTRATION 1 AS SEEN ON PLANS WING NOW AT 00 STABILIZER NOW AT 6o AT 6O ILLUSTRATION 2 ANGLE OF ATTACK IN FLIGHT may seem like some sort fantasy true illustrates much destabilizing effect excessive power can have model designed handle Good Advice Tom Dixon CL guru built DeBolt Live Wire Champion trainer son chose own reworked CL Stunt 40s power experienced almost uncontrollable takeoff barely able recover model Tom puzzled recalled Champion marvelous trainer 45 years ago speculated problem inadequate vertical fin volume Champion design used positive incidence wing negative tail several degrees downthrust point would hope know what Toms problem Champion originally kitted designed 09 15 engines saw Champions fly wondrously singlechannel weighed ton powered Miles 13 diesels Cub 14s contemporary 15 might bit much wrote Tom suggested reduce power has done Now Champion seems have enough rudder letter called Toms attention fact CL types have Fox 35 benchmark stunt designs decades about same engine Noblers Flite Streaks such new does apply modern RC engines compared available 1950s modern 15 will run rings around back Keep Learning Super BuglRudderbug recreation published 5/98 MA excellent example phenomenon Originally designed single-channel rudder radio powered 15-19 glow engine 1950s vintage reworked model three channels foolishly powered contemporary 40 four-stroke changing rigging finished weight less original 40 has least three times power originals K&B greenhead 19 Walt Good designed model 3- 40 positive incidence wing about much downthrust stab 20 negative quickly learned required full down elevator remain level flight had created wildly overpowered monster After adding positive incidence stab increasing downthrust Super Bug became pure delight adds up elevator takeoff merely reduces power make lovely landings model touches down stays down its tricycle gear sigmoid bouncing often seen Properly rigged Super Bug marvelous model Turning tables John Walker removed wing positive downthrust dihedral stock Whiz 40 stuffed Rossi 60 nose result amazing aerobatic model will hold its own Bingo though wing top Point Through years oldtime Free Flight designs have converted published radio-assist Experience has shown Free Flight r. 1-iUUUL SANYO RC-2000 CELLS$550 Ea SANYO RC-2000 CELLS MATCHED$600 Ea SANYO RC-1700 CELLS new$400 Ea SANYO RC-1700 CELLS MATCHED$450 Ea SANYO KR1400 AE$350 Ea SANYO N1000 SCR CELLS$350 Ea SANYO N700 AA CELLS$150 Ea SANYO N500 AR CELLS$350 Ea SANYO KR600 AE CELLS$250 Ea SANYO N800 AR CELLS$350 Ea SANYO N350 AA CELLS$250 Ea 4 CELL 270AA RECEIVER PACK$1000 Ea 5 CELL 1000 AE RECEIVER PACK$1800 Ea CONNECTOR P1fl R ItT ACK$150 Pr AND BRAID ALSO AVAILABLE October 1999 87 Spitfire MK tX83$4500 Spitfire MK 169$4000 Spitfire MK 14/1969$4000 Spitfire MK iX110$4900 Hawker Hurricane70$4000 Hawker Typhoon72$4000 OH Moaquito71$4000 OH Mosquito81$4500 Hawker Tempest615$3000 P-47076$4500 Hellcat64$3000 Hellcat80$3500 F4U-182$4500 Storch72$3000 Storch96$3500 Harvard94$4500 P-Si 1369$2500 Bf tO9F61$4000 indicatna laaer partn available Please add 65O tar postage BOB HOLMAN PLANS POBOX 741 SAN BERNARDINO GA 92402 BHPLANS@AOLCOM Best Scale catalog $500 pp Cards Ok UK German catalogs available EPP Foam 13 lb/cu ft Expanded Polypropylene Foam Similar appearance beaded white foam high impact resistance Makes NEARLY RUCTIBLE slope combat sailplane trainer AEROSPACE 8 Thick 4314 Thick Composite Products12 x 36$90012 x 36$1800 12x48$120012x48$2400 24 x 36 $1750 24 x 36 $3500 36 x 48 $3500 36 x 48 $7000 designs 930s 940s half original engine displacement plenty Power plants 1950s should calculated 70%-80% modern engines designer plans kit says use 40-50 engine stick prepared make aerodynamic changes once common manufacturers fudge bit engine size recommendations broaden kits sales appeal sticking middle range pretty sure bet Perhaps will clarify things have written through years relating wild takeoff handling old-timers early-era RC trainers have written asking dont use downthrust sometimes Summarize amount power used model has direct impact its design Modern aerobatic designs high-powered have no angular differences relative datum lines inherently unstable Older model designs contemporary trainers have angular variations datum line built moderate flying velocities variations create inherent stability Unfortunately higher speeds incidence angles add permanent up elevator Overpowered will tend take off hit back head Gyro$9499 control SystemPiezo Element Temperature Range-10- 60 c Voltage Range48 12 Volta current Drawt4 SizeiSo 16a 067 Weight28g Micro pocesso vantroiled temperature compensation dual sensitivity adiustmont treosminer duai servo output transmitters micron buiit hue om monitor in/LEO wernina under d4 units servo Master Gyro$8499 Same specs Wing Gyro 510am onboard sensitivity cnntroi Tele-Gyro$19499 Same specs Wing Gyro Onboard remote sensitivity adivotment ProflGyro Head Holding$12499 Same specs Wing Gyro Ouai sensitivity Onuding Ovid rOmoteiy switvhubin L ieeivers us Park & Slow moms JR tutaba Ainronics Hitec Berg 6 ch Receiver$5499 crystal 72153150 Mhz999 Narrow Band6 Khz SoBerBleriot III slow flyer$5999 Light-weight in/case16gGrade Eindecker slowflyer w/n case128g End plug type size21 0090 074 g sttan496 Top plug type size180090074 ke off Weight99 nz Operating voltage48 -6 volts trolsele/radlthrot current drawe ma dio requiredmicro ro & servos Sensitivity2ev 6er1t6 7 cells Comes vinan shrink wrap andiabei ton use ranrdineriiy nova nyina rectenstics 00% pro ass case Jumper sniectabie ton use earsnosasue positron embiod nude nut ot moided Sovetite team deveinped shin moduietino Jumper sniectabiefur chorce vhs uses e noon drivon prop inpod speciatty tor onch 7macus sin nyom tO 20 minutes night timo dopondion _________________________________________________no nattenmo -U Ikarus Electric Helicopters Eco 8$19999 Length3582 Rotor spandl 73 Weight46 lbs BaBeries6-12 cells hot use usith 5 channot hoilcopton radios Uses 500 700 morons 2500 Onushiess motots anaiiahie upgrade hap-up pans aiso avaiiuoio Piccoloapprox $2399t Length189 Rotor span187 Weight988 nz Batteries6 8 cells Eec undon unpe Ovoapym kh Rumplerflyer$6999 Wing ... 43 Take off Weight98 oz controlsele/rad/throt Radio reqairedmisi ro & servos Baeery8 -800115 270 600 mah Eetranndinaniiy anud tiyion characteristics 5 0 hour assemhiy time mado nut ot moided Novaiito toamdevei oped ikanus sin nyom usos soar driven prop 20 minutes nying time depending no hanonios uson miii ny ight minds Schulze Electronic Speed controls Slim totnamp$6495 Slim 24 zdamp 6485 Slim 35 35 amp 7895 Boost 50 ton bnushioss...1d995 Follow yosr model throsgh different 3D landscapes Fly thrnagh narrow valleys try land tha table club housel carefal hit solid nbjects crash will result Generate nwn flying weather using fog wind thermals Use functions ot trans wiSer change parameters of mndels Learn fly helicopters using computer aided trainer system Fly anywhere within scenery like fly glider standing tnp mount ainl Miemmum reqeiremeets Pontium 50 miodoms 95 206 union graphic card 16 MB RSM CO 0GM dnivo 50 dO hard diok space tnee senioi interface tneosmiOor trainon capahiiitv SOC vutpmt 88 Model Aviation 0 Doolittle Drive San Leandro cA 94577 Orders tSOO 811-2009 Info t510 352-2022 E-mail info@acpcompositescom Web Site www acpcompouiteecon iarus iyros MiniSI 6430 Gyro$5999 control SystemPrezn ElementInput Temperature Range-10- c5OCOutput 1 Voltage Ruoge3 5 8 Voltscells 30 cells current Draw14 muhcharge carrent100 ma-S amp Size 1145n 1t45o 066Discharge carrent25 ma 2 amps Wetght14GOutput 2 Micro processor caotroiiodtomporaturo campoosationcells oeuttai antustabte sinsinsnositivity adivutmoct bulitcharge current battery monitar wiLkOwumins under us units
Edition: Model Aviation - 1999/10
Page Numbers: 85, 86, 87, 88
U DB Mathews RECENT conversation modeling friend 40 years called attention confusion about several columns Ive written power loading engine displacement relative wing area gross weight may well result oversimplification part As illustrated several photos some models designed handle incredible amounts power others unable difference lies rigging Ill try clarify month Underpowering usually problem since model will likely barely fly anyway other hand overpowering model fraught potential aerodynamic problems following will fundamental some readers hopefully helpful others purpose simplicity will confine comments forces affect pitch attitude model leaving roll yaw another time have no delusions expertise matters aerodynamic what little know has learned cut-and-try Some Models Climb As Power Added crude Illustration attempts illustrate reference engine horizontal stabilizer wing datum line model definition datum line reference fore aft fuselage everything related during design assembly rigging Datum line angle model flies through air angle attack flight necessarily same Fully aerobatic Radio Control RC Control Line CL models usually set up zero zero zero have no downthrust power plant incidence wing stabilizer reference datum line Set up way fully-aerobatic model has no inherent stability its nose pushed down stays down turned will continue turn until told stop Inverted upright knife-edge acrobatic model trimmed fly its put essentially unstable limit power weight structural integrity other end spectrum RC trainers power Rubber Free Flight sport RC designs have angular variations datum line stability reasons models rigged return level flight own ideal designed purpose However because angular differences models can uncontrollable excessive power used Illustration 1 trainer has several degrees engine downthrust positive incidence wing leading edge higher trailing edge separate datum line drawn center airfoils leading trailing edges horizontal stabilizer set negative incidence leading edge down combination angular differences called decalage Illustration 2 model flight wing datum line parallel flight path angle attack fuselage pointed down nose-down attitude adds downthrust negative incidence tail equivalent up elevator As model passes rapidly through air power increased model will tend climb another October 1999 85 Tom Dixons Marietta GA beautiful Live Wire Champ Its successful 09 15 singlechannel trainer 1950s wildly overpowered 40 John Walkers Wellington KS zero incidence dihedral conversion stock Whiz 40 model powered Rossi 60 fully aerobatic trainer situation power remains constant model pushed dive down elevator will naturally return level flight elevator returned neutral way pitch-axis stability built inexactly what designer wants trainer also reason instructors heard say throttle back let go sticks student pilots model gets out control desirable qualities become liability model grossly overpowered its velocity exceeds built-in stability overemphasizing Look Illustration 2 consider what would occur model flew really fast decalage Though engine downthrust used help control climb tendency limits much can used excess downthrust will require up elevator engine running wide open yet throttled back model will tend stall model flown under continuous power needs 50 downthrust youre wasting much power might well use smaller power plant Free Flight power applied short time case rubber power delivered short bursts declining thrust much downthrust can sometimes should used Free Flight designs also incorporate considerable angular differences between wing stabilizer prevent tendency model drop its nose dive under power Conversely Free Flight model passes vertical becomes inverted look drawing see what will happen Classic Example Raw Power 1950s multichannel reed radios became available separate classes RC competition created provide chance less-complex gear still compete separately full fouractually eight- channel reed aircraft few years classes based number surfaces controlled Class II limited two movable surfaces may find bard believe some instances choice rudder throttle throttlenot elevatorwas used control pitch attitude strange designs set up loop roll Vast amounts power such 45s what would considered 19 models coupled huge amounts downtbrust such 200 enough right thrust control torque Negative incidence built stabilizer models often steerable ground takeoff involved applying full throttle until takeoff speed achieved throttle reduced eliminate force downthrust allowing model take off flight stab negative overcome adjusting throttle climb descent pure power function loop full power added generate forward speed throttle chopped forcing model up over effect stabilizer roll power rudder added top loop dihedral ineffective roll axis since wing inverted Standard side view datum line parallel ground Showing downthrust positive wing negative stab same aircraft shown flight angle attack matches wings datum line Note angular changes 86 Model Aviation ABILIZER AT 30 DOWNTHRUST ILLUSTRATION 1 AS SEEN ON PLANS WING NOW AT 00 STABILIZER NOW AT 6o AT 6O ILLUSTRATION 2 ANGLE OF ATTACK IN FLIGHT may seem like some sort fantasy true illustrates much destabilizing effect excessive power can have model designed handle Good Advice Tom Dixon CL guru built DeBolt Live Wire Champion trainer son chose own reworked CL Stunt 40s power experienced almost uncontrollable takeoff barely able recover model Tom puzzled recalled Champion marvelous trainer 45 years ago speculated problem inadequate vertical fin volume Champion design used positive incidence wing negative tail several degrees downthrust point would hope know what Toms problem Champion originally kitted designed 09 15 engines saw Champions fly wondrously singlechannel weighed ton powered Miles 13 diesels Cub 14s contemporary 15 might bit much wrote Tom suggested reduce power has done Now Champion seems have enough rudder letter called Toms attention fact CL types have Fox 35 benchmark stunt designs decades about same engine Noblers Flite Streaks such new does apply modern RC engines compared available 1950s modern 15 will run rings around back Keep Learning Super BuglRudderbug recreation published 5/98 MA excellent example phenomenon Originally designed single-channel rudder radio powered 15-19 glow engine 1950s vintage reworked model three channels foolishly powered contemporary 40 four-stroke changing rigging finished weight less original 40 has least three times power originals K&B greenhead 19 Walt Good designed model 3- 40 positive incidence wing about much downthrust stab 20 negative quickly learned required full down elevator remain level flight had created wildly overpowered monster After adding positive incidence stab increasing downthrust Super Bug became pure delight adds up elevator takeoff merely reduces power make lovely landings model touches down stays down its tricycle gear sigmoid bouncing often seen Properly rigged Super Bug marvelous model Turning tables John Walker removed wing positive downthrust dihedral stock Whiz 40 stuffed Rossi 60 nose result amazing aerobatic model will hold its own Bingo though wing top Point Through years oldtime Free Flight designs have converted published radio-assist Experience has shown Free Flight r. 1-iUUUL SANYO RC-2000 CELLS$550 Ea SANYO RC-2000 CELLS MATCHED$600 Ea SANYO RC-1700 CELLS new$400 Ea SANYO RC-1700 CELLS MATCHED$450 Ea SANYO KR1400 AE$350 Ea SANYO N1000 SCR CELLS$350 Ea SANYO N700 AA CELLS$150 Ea SANYO N500 AR CELLS$350 Ea SANYO KR600 AE CELLS$250 Ea SANYO N800 AR CELLS$350 Ea SANYO N350 AA CELLS$250 Ea 4 CELL 270AA RECEIVER PACK$1000 Ea 5 CELL 1000 AE RECEIVER PACK$1800 Ea CONNECTOR P1fl R ItT ACK$150 Pr AND BRAID ALSO AVAILABLE October 1999 87 Spitfire MK tX83$4500 Spitfire MK 169$4000 Spitfire MK 14/1969$4000 Spitfire MK iX110$4900 Hawker Hurricane70$4000 Hawker Typhoon72$4000 OH Moaquito71$4000 OH Mosquito81$4500 Hawker Tempest615$3000 P-47076$4500 Hellcat64$3000 Hellcat80$3500 F4U-182$4500 Storch72$3000 Storch96$3500 Harvard94$4500 P-Si 1369$2500 Bf tO9F61$4000 indicatna laaer partn available Please add 65O tar postage BOB HOLMAN PLANS POBOX 741 SAN BERNARDINO GA 92402 BHPLANS@AOLCOM Best Scale catalog $500 pp Cards Ok UK German catalogs available EPP Foam 13 lb/cu ft Expanded Polypropylene Foam Similar appearance beaded white foam high impact resistance Makes NEARLY RUCTIBLE slope combat sailplane trainer AEROSPACE 8 Thick 4314 Thick Composite Products12 x 36$90012 x 36$1800 12x48$120012x48$2400 24 x 36 $1750 24 x 36 $3500 36 x 48 $3500 36 x 48 $7000 designs 930s 940s half original engine displacement plenty Power plants 1950s should calculated 70%-80% modern engines designer plans kit says use 40-50 engine stick prepared make aerodynamic changes once common manufacturers fudge bit engine size recommendations broaden kits sales appeal sticking middle range pretty sure bet Perhaps will clarify things have written through years relating wild takeoff handling old-timers early-era RC trainers have written asking dont use downthrust sometimes Summarize amount power used model has direct impact its design Modern aerobatic designs high-powered have no angular differences relative datum lines inherently unstable Older model designs contemporary trainers have angular variations datum line built moderate flying velocities variations create inherent stability Unfortunately higher speeds incidence angles add permanent up elevator Overpowered will tend take off hit back head Gyro$9499 control SystemPiezo Element Temperature Range-10- 60 c Voltage Range48 12 Volta current Drawt4 SizeiSo 16a 067 Weight28g Micro pocesso vantroiled temperature compensation dual sensitivity adiustmont treosminer duai servo output transmitters micron buiit hue om monitor in/LEO wernina under d4 units servo Master Gyro$8499 Same specs Wing Gyro 510am onboard sensitivity cnntroi Tele-Gyro$19499 Same specs Wing Gyro Onboard remote sensitivity adivotment ProflGyro Head Holding$12499 Same specs Wing Gyro Ouai sensitivity Onuding Ovid rOmoteiy switvhubin L ieeivers us Park & Slow moms JR tutaba Ainronics Hitec Berg 6 ch Receiver$5499 crystal 72153150 Mhz999 Narrow Band6 Khz SoBerBleriot III slow flyer$5999 Light-weight in/case16gGrade Eindecker slowflyer w/n case128g End plug type size21 0090 074 g sttan496 Top plug type size180090074 ke off Weight99 nz Operating voltage48 -6 volts trolsele/radlthrot current drawe ma dio requiredmicro ro & servos Sensitivity2ev 6er1t6 7 cells Comes vinan shrink wrap andiabei ton use ranrdineriiy nova nyina rectenstics 00% pro ass case Jumper sniectabie ton use earsnosasue positron embiod nude nut ot moided Sovetite team deveinped shin moduietino Jumper sniectabiefur chorce vhs uses e noon drivon prop inpod speciatty tor onch 7macus sin nyom tO 20 minutes night timo dopondion _________________________________________________no nattenmo -U Ikarus Electric Helicopters Eco 8$19999 Length3582 Rotor spandl 73 Weight46 lbs BaBeries6-12 cells hot use usith 5 channot hoilcopton radios Uses 500 700 morons 2500 Onushiess motots anaiiahie upgrade hap-up pans aiso avaiiuoio Piccoloapprox $2399t Length189 Rotor span187 Weight988 nz Batteries6 8 cells Eec undon unpe Ovoapym kh Rumplerflyer$6999 Wing ... 43 Take off Weight98 oz controlsele/rad/throt Radio reqairedmisi ro & servos Baeery8 -800115 270 600 mah Eetranndinaniiy anud tiyion characteristics 5 0 hour assemhiy time mado nut ot moided Novaiito toamdevei oped ikanus sin nyom usos soar driven prop 20 minutes nying time depending no hanonios uson miii ny ight minds Schulze Electronic Speed controls Slim totnamp$6495 Slim 24 zdamp 6485 Slim 35 35 amp 7895 Boost 50 ton bnushioss...1d995 Follow yosr model throsgh different 3D landscapes Fly thrnagh narrow valleys try land tha table club housel carefal hit solid nbjects crash will result Generate nwn flying weather using fog wind thermals Use functions ot trans wiSer change parameters of mndels Learn fly helicopters using computer aided trainer system Fly anywhere within scenery like fly glider standing tnp mount ainl Miemmum reqeiremeets Pontium 50 miodoms 95 206 union graphic card 16 MB RSM CO 0GM dnivo 50 dO hard diok space tnee senioi interface tneosmiOor trainon capahiiitv SOC vutpmt 88 Model Aviation 0 Doolittle Drive San Leandro cA 94577 Orders tSOO 811-2009 Info t510 352-2022 E-mail info@acpcompositescom Web Site www acpcompouiteecon iarus iyros MiniSI 6430 Gyro$5999 control SystemPrezn ElementInput Temperature Range-10- c5OCOutput 1 Voltage Ruoge3 5 8 Voltscells 30 cells current Draw14 muhcharge carrent100 ma-S amp Size 1145n 1t45o 066Discharge carrent25 ma 2 amps Wetght14GOutput 2 Micro processor caotroiiodtomporaturo campoosationcells oeuttai antustabte sinsinsnositivity adivutmoct bulitcharge current battery monitar wiLkOwumins under us units
