July 2004 137
Dennis O. Norman, 11216 Lake Ave., Cleveland OH 44102
FREE FLIGHT SCALE
Bob’s Aircraft Documentation is celebrating 20 years of
providing outstanding service to Scale modelers.
THERE ARE ESSENTIALLY two ways
to approach Free Flight Scale, or any other
type of Scale modeling for that matter.
One is to build from kits or plans prepared
by others. That is what most modelers do.
The other way is to “scratch-build” your
projects.
I tend to be a scratch builder. That does
not mean I make up the models I build; on
the contrary, if I am building a Scale
model, I am obliged to start with goodquality
scale drawings and other
documentation that accurately depicts the
subject.
One of the most comprehensive
sources of scale documentation is Bob’s
Aircraft Documentation (formerly known
as Scale Model Research). This service
claims to have the “World’s Largest
Collection of Aircraft Documentation.”
The 20th anniversary issue of its catalog
has 272 pages. Bob claims to have 38,000
three-view line drawings in the collection,
Bill Schmidt of Wichita, Kansas, submitted this photo of the handsome Comet Swift he
built using a plan from a 25¢ Comet kit. W.L. Schmidt Jr. photo.
To convert scale plan to construction plan, obtain scale drawing
(A), remove interior detail (B), draw in desired structure (C).
07sig5.QXD 4/23/04 10:05 am Page 137
Eric Clutton’s An Aeroplane Called Fred.
is a warm tribute to his 40-year-old, fullscale,
home-built airplane.
Allan Schanzle uses a model-railroad photographic backdrop to help create a realistic
diorama for his Spartan C2-60 trainer model. Allan Schanzle photo.
Allan’s handsome diorama for his striking Fairchild 95. Schanzle photo.
If you like silver airplanes, the Spirit of St. Louis is a good choice. Silver tissue is one of
the topics of this month’s column. Author photo.
and 3,000 of those are new. In addition,
he has more than 400,000 photos in
stock and 8,000 different color “Foto
Paaks.”
This catalog costs only $10 in the US
($12 for Canada, Mexico, Alaska,
Hawaii, and Puerto Rico, and $20 for all
other countries). Call (714) 979-8058,
fax (714) 979-7279, or write to Bob’s
Aircraft Documentation at 3114 Yukon
Ave., Costa Mesa CA 92626. This
catalog will greatly strengthen your
Scale reference library.
Once you have a good set of scale
drawings, the next item of business is
converting those drawings into a
construction plan. I usually begin by
enlarging the drawings to “Peanut” size,
which is 13 inches in wingspan. This
gives me a workable size with which to
do my preliminary drawing.
Once the preliminary is completed,
you can enlarge it to whatever size suits
your purposes. One of the most
convenient ways to do that is to go to a
commercial copy center, such as
Kinko’s, that has an engineering copier.
They can easily and accurately enlarge a
small scale drawing to whatever size
you desire.
After enlarging the scale drawing to
a workable size, I cut out all the interior
detail, leaving only the scale outline.
(The drawings accompanying this
article show the technique for a Travel
Air Mystery Ship.) You can do this
electronically using a CAD system, but
if you are not into computers, you can
remove the interior details with a hobby
knife or scissors and get the same result.
Once you have completed that step,
place the outline over a fresh sheet of
bond paper and adhere it using Scotch
Magic Tape (number 810). Having done
so, copy the paste-up again so that you
138 MODEL AVIATION
07sig5.QXD 4/23/04 10:06 am Page 138
have a smooth surface with which to
work.
Draw in straight lines for the various
structural elements such as formers, ribs,
etc. For fuselages, it is usually best to
match your former positions as closely as
possible to scale cross-sections shown on
the original plan. This will facilitate your
drawing the formers that will be needed
to give your model a scale shape.
When it comes to wings, you have to
select an airfoil that you feel is right for
your aircraft. Once you have done so, you
can draw a basic rib section (say, the root
rib) and enlarge or reduce it to the size
needed for any rib station. I typically use
the length of the rib as a gauge and
lengthen or shorten it to fit at the
positions shown on the working plan. The
enlargement or reduction is accomplished
by using a photocopier with such a
capability. The thickness of the rib will
vary proportionately with the length.
Tail surfaces are often made from
square strip stock and present little
difficulty if you elect to make them using
the same strip stock throughout. If you
want to make thicker or tapered sections,
use the same approach I described for
wings. I will, if you want, continue my
description of drawing construction plans
in a future column.
The mailbag is starting to fill up, and I
want to share some of the goodies with
you. My friend Eric Clutton has written
the delightful 88-page book An Aeroplane
Called Fred. Eric is best known as “Dr.
Diesel” and has written and lectured
extensively about the use of diesel
engines for model airplanes. He also
markets engines and fuel for them.
Fred is a 40-year-old home-built that
Eric designed and flew for years in
England before he emigrated to the US.
The book describes the relationship
between Eric and his creation. You will
be charmed by the wit of this effort. A
copy is yours for $15. Send your orders
to Eric Clutton, P.A.W. Diesels, 913
Cedar Ln., Tullahoma TN 37388. You
can also order by telephone at (931) 455-
2256.
Bill Schmidt of Wichita, Kansas,
enjoyed my first column and identified
with much of what I wrote. He claims
that he worshipped at the shrine of Comet
and built most of the series as a boy. He
credits his interest in drafting and
projection to the Comet plans and wrote
that it led him to a career as an engineer
at Boeing and Cessna in Wichita. Bill
also sent a photo of a 25¢ Comet Swift he
built some time ago. It still graces his
workshop along with many others.
Allan Schanzle of the famed
Washington DC Maxecuters Flying Aces
Club sent photos and a nice letter about
his efforts to create a “realistic” setting
for photographing his models. Allan is a
successful modeler and has built model
trains and other subjects.
July 2004 139
Beep
Beep
Beep
Beep
Beep
Beep
Beep
Beep
WALSTON RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS
725 Cooper Lake Rd., S.E., Smyrna, GA 30082
770-434-4905 800-657-4672 Fax 770-431-0119
Visa • MC • AmEx • Disc
e-mail [email protected]
Call Now.
His model-railroad experiences gave
rise to his interest in dioramas. Using a
photographic backdrop he purchased at a
model-train show, Allan has created the
illusion of depth for photographing model
aircraft. He sent photos of his Fairchild
95 cargo airplane and Spartan C2-60
trainer that he took using his technique.
He suspends the models using nearly
invisible 2-pound monofilament fishing
line and adjusts the line length to give
convincing depictions of takeoffs,
landings, and almost any flight angle.
Robert Passerelli wrote in asking for
sources of silver Japanese tissue. I
marketed silver Esaki Japanese tissue
approximately 20 years ago and still had
some damaged sheets. I sent Bob some
scraps, and he was exceptionally pleased
with them. The tissue has excellent wet
strength. Unfortunately I do not have a
supply that is large enough to make
generally available, but I did tell Bob that
a good source of silver tissue is Easy
Built Models.
Easy Built has roughly 20 colors of
tissue available. It is the “domestic” type
and is a bit heavier (and has less wet
strength) than Japanese tissue, but it is
still reasonable for rubber-powered
models. You can reach the company at
www.easybuiltmodels.com, by calling
(334) 358-5184, or by writing to Box
681744, Prattville AL 36068.
The Easy Built Web site has a link for
modeling tips, where you can go for
information about making your own silver
tissue. Scott Dobberfuhl wrote an
excellent article about “chalking tissue,”
and it includes a description of his
technique for making silver (and other
metallic colors) using craft-store supplies
and chalk. I will present this in a future
installment if you are interested.
I received a congratulatory note from
Dave Stott, who, as you know if you read
my last column, is one of the founders of
today’s Flying Aces Club (FAC). Much of
what I shared with you was from
information that he provided.
In typical FAC fashion, Dave has
generously offered to be of help in the
future. Rest assured that I will be calling
on him; I can’t think of a more dedicated
Free Flight Scale master.
If you have not made your reservations to
attend the FAC Nationals Mark XIV in
Geneseo, New York, July 16-18, 2004, it
is time to do so. Contact Col. Lin Reichel,
CinC, FAC at 3301 Cindy Ln., Erie PA
16506, or call him at (814) 833-0314 for
details. MA
Our Full-Size Plans List has
hundreds of models to
choose from.
See page 199 for details.
07sig5.QXD 4/23/04 10:07 am Page 139
Edition: Model Aviation - 2004/07
Page Numbers: 137,138,139
Edition: Model Aviation - 2004/07
Page Numbers: 137,138,139
July 2004 137
Dennis O. Norman, 11216 Lake Ave., Cleveland OH 44102
FREE FLIGHT SCALE
Bob’s Aircraft Documentation is celebrating 20 years of
providing outstanding service to Scale modelers.
THERE ARE ESSENTIALLY two ways
to approach Free Flight Scale, or any other
type of Scale modeling for that matter.
One is to build from kits or plans prepared
by others. That is what most modelers do.
The other way is to “scratch-build” your
projects.
I tend to be a scratch builder. That does
not mean I make up the models I build; on
the contrary, if I am building a Scale
model, I am obliged to start with goodquality
scale drawings and other
documentation that accurately depicts the
subject.
One of the most comprehensive
sources of scale documentation is Bob’s
Aircraft Documentation (formerly known
as Scale Model Research). This service
claims to have the “World’s Largest
Collection of Aircraft Documentation.”
The 20th anniversary issue of its catalog
has 272 pages. Bob claims to have 38,000
three-view line drawings in the collection,
Bill Schmidt of Wichita, Kansas, submitted this photo of the handsome Comet Swift he
built using a plan from a 25¢ Comet kit. W.L. Schmidt Jr. photo.
To convert scale plan to construction plan, obtain scale drawing
(A), remove interior detail (B), draw in desired structure (C).
07sig5.QXD 4/23/04 10:05 am Page 137
Eric Clutton’s An Aeroplane Called Fred.
is a warm tribute to his 40-year-old, fullscale,
home-built airplane.
Allan Schanzle uses a model-railroad photographic backdrop to help create a realistic
diorama for his Spartan C2-60 trainer model. Allan Schanzle photo.
Allan’s handsome diorama for his striking Fairchild 95. Schanzle photo.
If you like silver airplanes, the Spirit of St. Louis is a good choice. Silver tissue is one of
the topics of this month’s column. Author photo.
and 3,000 of those are new. In addition,
he has more than 400,000 photos in
stock and 8,000 different color “Foto
Paaks.”
This catalog costs only $10 in the US
($12 for Canada, Mexico, Alaska,
Hawaii, and Puerto Rico, and $20 for all
other countries). Call (714) 979-8058,
fax (714) 979-7279, or write to Bob’s
Aircraft Documentation at 3114 Yukon
Ave., Costa Mesa CA 92626. This
catalog will greatly strengthen your
Scale reference library.
Once you have a good set of scale
drawings, the next item of business is
converting those drawings into a
construction plan. I usually begin by
enlarging the drawings to “Peanut” size,
which is 13 inches in wingspan. This
gives me a workable size with which to
do my preliminary drawing.
Once the preliminary is completed,
you can enlarge it to whatever size suits
your purposes. One of the most
convenient ways to do that is to go to a
commercial copy center, such as
Kinko’s, that has an engineering copier.
They can easily and accurately enlarge a
small scale drawing to whatever size
you desire.
After enlarging the scale drawing to
a workable size, I cut out all the interior
detail, leaving only the scale outline.
(The drawings accompanying this
article show the technique for a Travel
Air Mystery Ship.) You can do this
electronically using a CAD system, but
if you are not into computers, you can
remove the interior details with a hobby
knife or scissors and get the same result.
Once you have completed that step,
place the outline over a fresh sheet of
bond paper and adhere it using Scotch
Magic Tape (number 810). Having done
so, copy the paste-up again so that you
138 MODEL AVIATION
07sig5.QXD 4/23/04 10:06 am Page 138
have a smooth surface with which to
work.
Draw in straight lines for the various
structural elements such as formers, ribs,
etc. For fuselages, it is usually best to
match your former positions as closely as
possible to scale cross-sections shown on
the original plan. This will facilitate your
drawing the formers that will be needed
to give your model a scale shape.
When it comes to wings, you have to
select an airfoil that you feel is right for
your aircraft. Once you have done so, you
can draw a basic rib section (say, the root
rib) and enlarge or reduce it to the size
needed for any rib station. I typically use
the length of the rib as a gauge and
lengthen or shorten it to fit at the
positions shown on the working plan. The
enlargement or reduction is accomplished
by using a photocopier with such a
capability. The thickness of the rib will
vary proportionately with the length.
Tail surfaces are often made from
square strip stock and present little
difficulty if you elect to make them using
the same strip stock throughout. If you
want to make thicker or tapered sections,
use the same approach I described for
wings. I will, if you want, continue my
description of drawing construction plans
in a future column.
The mailbag is starting to fill up, and I
want to share some of the goodies with
you. My friend Eric Clutton has written
the delightful 88-page book An Aeroplane
Called Fred. Eric is best known as “Dr.
Diesel” and has written and lectured
extensively about the use of diesel
engines for model airplanes. He also
markets engines and fuel for them.
Fred is a 40-year-old home-built that
Eric designed and flew for years in
England before he emigrated to the US.
The book describes the relationship
between Eric and his creation. You will
be charmed by the wit of this effort. A
copy is yours for $15. Send your orders
to Eric Clutton, P.A.W. Diesels, 913
Cedar Ln., Tullahoma TN 37388. You
can also order by telephone at (931) 455-
2256.
Bill Schmidt of Wichita, Kansas,
enjoyed my first column and identified
with much of what I wrote. He claims
that he worshipped at the shrine of Comet
and built most of the series as a boy. He
credits his interest in drafting and
projection to the Comet plans and wrote
that it led him to a career as an engineer
at Boeing and Cessna in Wichita. Bill
also sent a photo of a 25¢ Comet Swift he
built some time ago. It still graces his
workshop along with many others.
Allan Schanzle of the famed
Washington DC Maxecuters Flying Aces
Club sent photos and a nice letter about
his efforts to create a “realistic” setting
for photographing his models. Allan is a
successful modeler and has built model
trains and other subjects.
July 2004 139
Beep
Beep
Beep
Beep
Beep
Beep
Beep
Beep
WALSTON RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS
725 Cooper Lake Rd., S.E., Smyrna, GA 30082
770-434-4905 800-657-4672 Fax 770-431-0119
Visa • MC • AmEx • Disc
e-mail [email protected]
Call Now.
His model-railroad experiences gave
rise to his interest in dioramas. Using a
photographic backdrop he purchased at a
model-train show, Allan has created the
illusion of depth for photographing model
aircraft. He sent photos of his Fairchild
95 cargo airplane and Spartan C2-60
trainer that he took using his technique.
He suspends the models using nearly
invisible 2-pound monofilament fishing
line and adjusts the line length to give
convincing depictions of takeoffs,
landings, and almost any flight angle.
Robert Passerelli wrote in asking for
sources of silver Japanese tissue. I
marketed silver Esaki Japanese tissue
approximately 20 years ago and still had
some damaged sheets. I sent Bob some
scraps, and he was exceptionally pleased
with them. The tissue has excellent wet
strength. Unfortunately I do not have a
supply that is large enough to make
generally available, but I did tell Bob that
a good source of silver tissue is Easy
Built Models.
Easy Built has roughly 20 colors of
tissue available. It is the “domestic” type
and is a bit heavier (and has less wet
strength) than Japanese tissue, but it is
still reasonable for rubber-powered
models. You can reach the company at
www.easybuiltmodels.com, by calling
(334) 358-5184, or by writing to Box
681744, Prattville AL 36068.
The Easy Built Web site has a link for
modeling tips, where you can go for
information about making your own silver
tissue. Scott Dobberfuhl wrote an
excellent article about “chalking tissue,”
and it includes a description of his
technique for making silver (and other
metallic colors) using craft-store supplies
and chalk. I will present this in a future
installment if you are interested.
I received a congratulatory note from
Dave Stott, who, as you know if you read
my last column, is one of the founders of
today’s Flying Aces Club (FAC). Much of
what I shared with you was from
information that he provided.
In typical FAC fashion, Dave has
generously offered to be of help in the
future. Rest assured that I will be calling
on him; I can’t think of a more dedicated
Free Flight Scale master.
If you have not made your reservations to
attend the FAC Nationals Mark XIV in
Geneseo, New York, July 16-18, 2004, it
is time to do so. Contact Col. Lin Reichel,
CinC, FAC at 3301 Cindy Ln., Erie PA
16506, or call him at (814) 833-0314 for
details. MA
Our Full-Size Plans List has
hundreds of models to
choose from.
See page 199 for details.
07sig5.QXD 4/23/04 10:07 am Page 139
Edition: Model Aviation - 2004/07
Page Numbers: 137,138,139
July 2004 137
Dennis O. Norman, 11216 Lake Ave., Cleveland OH 44102
FREE FLIGHT SCALE
Bob’s Aircraft Documentation is celebrating 20 years of
providing outstanding service to Scale modelers.
THERE ARE ESSENTIALLY two ways
to approach Free Flight Scale, or any other
type of Scale modeling for that matter.
One is to build from kits or plans prepared
by others. That is what most modelers do.
The other way is to “scratch-build” your
projects.
I tend to be a scratch builder. That does
not mean I make up the models I build; on
the contrary, if I am building a Scale
model, I am obliged to start with goodquality
scale drawings and other
documentation that accurately depicts the
subject.
One of the most comprehensive
sources of scale documentation is Bob’s
Aircraft Documentation (formerly known
as Scale Model Research). This service
claims to have the “World’s Largest
Collection of Aircraft Documentation.”
The 20th anniversary issue of its catalog
has 272 pages. Bob claims to have 38,000
three-view line drawings in the collection,
Bill Schmidt of Wichita, Kansas, submitted this photo of the handsome Comet Swift he
built using a plan from a 25¢ Comet kit. W.L. Schmidt Jr. photo.
To convert scale plan to construction plan, obtain scale drawing
(A), remove interior detail (B), draw in desired structure (C).
07sig5.QXD 4/23/04 10:05 am Page 137
Eric Clutton’s An Aeroplane Called Fred.
is a warm tribute to his 40-year-old, fullscale,
home-built airplane.
Allan Schanzle uses a model-railroad photographic backdrop to help create a realistic
diorama for his Spartan C2-60 trainer model. Allan Schanzle photo.
Allan’s handsome diorama for his striking Fairchild 95. Schanzle photo.
If you like silver airplanes, the Spirit of St. Louis is a good choice. Silver tissue is one of
the topics of this month’s column. Author photo.
and 3,000 of those are new. In addition,
he has more than 400,000 photos in
stock and 8,000 different color “Foto
Paaks.”
This catalog costs only $10 in the US
($12 for Canada, Mexico, Alaska,
Hawaii, and Puerto Rico, and $20 for all
other countries). Call (714) 979-8058,
fax (714) 979-7279, or write to Bob’s
Aircraft Documentation at 3114 Yukon
Ave., Costa Mesa CA 92626. This
catalog will greatly strengthen your
Scale reference library.
Once you have a good set of scale
drawings, the next item of business is
converting those drawings into a
construction plan. I usually begin by
enlarging the drawings to “Peanut” size,
which is 13 inches in wingspan. This
gives me a workable size with which to
do my preliminary drawing.
Once the preliminary is completed,
you can enlarge it to whatever size suits
your purposes. One of the most
convenient ways to do that is to go to a
commercial copy center, such as
Kinko’s, that has an engineering copier.
They can easily and accurately enlarge a
small scale drawing to whatever size
you desire.
After enlarging the scale drawing to
a workable size, I cut out all the interior
detail, leaving only the scale outline.
(The drawings accompanying this
article show the technique for a Travel
Air Mystery Ship.) You can do this
electronically using a CAD system, but
if you are not into computers, you can
remove the interior details with a hobby
knife or scissors and get the same result.
Once you have completed that step,
place the outline over a fresh sheet of
bond paper and adhere it using Scotch
Magic Tape (number 810). Having done
so, copy the paste-up again so that you
138 MODEL AVIATION
07sig5.QXD 4/23/04 10:06 am Page 138
have a smooth surface with which to
work.
Draw in straight lines for the various
structural elements such as formers, ribs,
etc. For fuselages, it is usually best to
match your former positions as closely as
possible to scale cross-sections shown on
the original plan. This will facilitate your
drawing the formers that will be needed
to give your model a scale shape.
When it comes to wings, you have to
select an airfoil that you feel is right for
your aircraft. Once you have done so, you
can draw a basic rib section (say, the root
rib) and enlarge or reduce it to the size
needed for any rib station. I typically use
the length of the rib as a gauge and
lengthen or shorten it to fit at the
positions shown on the working plan. The
enlargement or reduction is accomplished
by using a photocopier with such a
capability. The thickness of the rib will
vary proportionately with the length.
Tail surfaces are often made from
square strip stock and present little
difficulty if you elect to make them using
the same strip stock throughout. If you
want to make thicker or tapered sections,
use the same approach I described for
wings. I will, if you want, continue my
description of drawing construction plans
in a future column.
The mailbag is starting to fill up, and I
want to share some of the goodies with
you. My friend Eric Clutton has written
the delightful 88-page book An Aeroplane
Called Fred. Eric is best known as “Dr.
Diesel” and has written and lectured
extensively about the use of diesel
engines for model airplanes. He also
markets engines and fuel for them.
Fred is a 40-year-old home-built that
Eric designed and flew for years in
England before he emigrated to the US.
The book describes the relationship
between Eric and his creation. You will
be charmed by the wit of this effort. A
copy is yours for $15. Send your orders
to Eric Clutton, P.A.W. Diesels, 913
Cedar Ln., Tullahoma TN 37388. You
can also order by telephone at (931) 455-
2256.
Bill Schmidt of Wichita, Kansas,
enjoyed my first column and identified
with much of what I wrote. He claims
that he worshipped at the shrine of Comet
and built most of the series as a boy. He
credits his interest in drafting and
projection to the Comet plans and wrote
that it led him to a career as an engineer
at Boeing and Cessna in Wichita. Bill
also sent a photo of a 25¢ Comet Swift he
built some time ago. It still graces his
workshop along with many others.
Allan Schanzle of the famed
Washington DC Maxecuters Flying Aces
Club sent photos and a nice letter about
his efforts to create a “realistic” setting
for photographing his models. Allan is a
successful modeler and has built model
trains and other subjects.
July 2004 139
Beep
Beep
Beep
Beep
Beep
Beep
Beep
Beep
WALSTON RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS
725 Cooper Lake Rd., S.E., Smyrna, GA 30082
770-434-4905 800-657-4672 Fax 770-431-0119
Visa • MC • AmEx • Disc
e-mail [email protected]
Call Now.
His model-railroad experiences gave
rise to his interest in dioramas. Using a
photographic backdrop he purchased at a
model-train show, Allan has created the
illusion of depth for photographing model
aircraft. He sent photos of his Fairchild
95 cargo airplane and Spartan C2-60
trainer that he took using his technique.
He suspends the models using nearly
invisible 2-pound monofilament fishing
line and adjusts the line length to give
convincing depictions of takeoffs,
landings, and almost any flight angle.
Robert Passerelli wrote in asking for
sources of silver Japanese tissue. I
marketed silver Esaki Japanese tissue
approximately 20 years ago and still had
some damaged sheets. I sent Bob some
scraps, and he was exceptionally pleased
with them. The tissue has excellent wet
strength. Unfortunately I do not have a
supply that is large enough to make
generally available, but I did tell Bob that
a good source of silver tissue is Easy
Built Models.
Easy Built has roughly 20 colors of
tissue available. It is the “domestic” type
and is a bit heavier (and has less wet
strength) than Japanese tissue, but it is
still reasonable for rubber-powered
models. You can reach the company at
www.easybuiltmodels.com, by calling
(334) 358-5184, or by writing to Box
681744, Prattville AL 36068.
The Easy Built Web site has a link for
modeling tips, where you can go for
information about making your own silver
tissue. Scott Dobberfuhl wrote an
excellent article about “chalking tissue,”
and it includes a description of his
technique for making silver (and other
metallic colors) using craft-store supplies
and chalk. I will present this in a future
installment if you are interested.
I received a congratulatory note from
Dave Stott, who, as you know if you read
my last column, is one of the founders of
today’s Flying Aces Club (FAC). Much of
what I shared with you was from
information that he provided.
In typical FAC fashion, Dave has
generously offered to be of help in the
future. Rest assured that I will be calling
on him; I can’t think of a more dedicated
Free Flight Scale master.
If you have not made your reservations to
attend the FAC Nationals Mark XIV in
Geneseo, New York, July 16-18, 2004, it
is time to do so. Contact Col. Lin Reichel,
CinC, FAC at 3301 Cindy Ln., Erie PA
16506, or call him at (814) 833-0314 for
details. MA
Our Full-Size Plans List has
hundreds of models to
choose from.
See page 199 for details.
07sig5.QXD 4/23/04 10:07 am Page 139