The scanning electron microscope 40x magnification clearly shows chunks accumulated carbon have built upon worn out plug right justthe chunks carbon seen necessarily indication thatthe plug has gone bad new plug left certainly appears much cleaner though spot-weld typical construction moat plugs can clearly seen EGeorge Werber Look Glow Plug Failure glows just fine battery hooked once-happyenginewontkeeprunnning reallywantto know worn out burned out glow plug no longer works youll have take very close look Using electron microscope thats just what author did THE SCENARIO witnessed local Westford MA flying field myself have experienced too frequently Watch ing frustrated fellow member 495th Flying Club struggling keep engine running bad glow plug found myself puzzled often past about glow plugs fail sequence events defeating fellow fliers efforts get airborne fairly usual much-used plug battery connected engine would run fine idle good despite its properly tuned needle valve adjustment engine began run ragged once battery removedand would quit com pletely idle attempted After repeated five six times equally futile results someone suggested try new plug Eureka battery disconnected engine didnt die satisfying conclusion fel low modeler Iwasnt finished ridAt 500x magnification real reason plugs inability ignite fuel/air mixture combustion chamber begins visible wire good plug left still looks immaculate wire right has become coated scaly deposits carbon 44 Model Aviation dle what makes glow plug fail grabbed hold meand wasnt letting go asked could take discarded plug home Now time de cided investigate Id improvise glow Continued page 143 Exposing bad plug X-ray filtering everything out picture except carbon get clearer dication Just badly coated plug actually Theres no way combustion can initiated through layer thick thisand no convenient way remove carbon Nothing replace plug July1987 45 Again unused plug left reference see wires greater magnification time 2OOOx instead fuel mix ture hitting hot platinum wire cetaiystthat sets off detonation lands built-up layerof carbon cools wireto point heat glow battery engine soon quits Notice holes have begun erode wire well whopping 5OOOx actuai size plug seemed slightly dull naked eye now looks like something barnacle-encrusted shipwreck its also amazing surface new plug left still smooth such extreme magnification Smali scratches along length wire induced during manufacturing process white dots dust Left though glow plug brand new can probablyoxpect short life span since coil properly centered chamber can visually inspect before plunking down hard-earned cash Right plug ground down reveal cross section typical glow plug Unfortunately much grinding required coil fell out before picture could taken Toledo/Blakeslee Continued page 139 SR Batteries Larry Sribmck SR first offer modelers high capacity nickel-cadmium battery packs just about size shape Larry says business booming what demand electric cars fliers Electrics Larry can still supply airborne transmitter needs popular radios several arent popular Best write Larry Box 287 Bellport NY 11713 Ask flyer can check out packs available Top Flite Models Scott Christensen featuring RC Hand-Launch entry called Wristocrat showing personal plane has flaps Scott says flies very well sales have brisk Also continuing move well TFs Antares straight-wing Sailplane Two-Meter Metric Also shown new dark red MonoKote color should especially good covering bottoms wings Magazines US magazine folks hand no doubt familiar Id like tell about some British magazines less wellknown over Ron Moulton Argus Specialist Publications Ltd manned booth chock-full magazines company puts out two interest Sailplaners Radio Control Models Electronics usually abbreviated RCM&E Radio Modeller Both mags have separate columns Thermal Slope Soaring RCM&E has Dave Jones doing Thermal column Charles Gardiner Slope Radio Mod eller features well-known George Stringwell Thermal Tom Speakman writing about Slope Soaring Ron offering Toledo Show subscriptions spe cial rates failing just little magazines available through AMA HQ check out Supply & Service catalog should have received 1987 AMA membership other British publisher hand Tony Stephenson Traplet Publications Ltd Tonys magazine RCModel World has out about two years theyve sure learned find lot interesting material Silent Flight correspondent friend Sean Walbank White Sheet club hill fame magazine also features Power Scale Slope column written Ray Jones Tony now exporting magazine bulk California mailing us Yanks makes subscribing very simple Im sure Tony will give special Toledo Show price $15 six issues $30 12 tell him just heard about offer Write Tony Traplet Distribution 1635 Wade Dr Paso Robles CA 93446 Toledo very busy three days apologies Ive missed anyone coverage Sailplane offerings Radio Technique/Myers Continued page 43 required channels look things like 200-lb B-29 saw RC Video Maga zine Vol 8 hope carries redundant radio setup hobby needs safety can get am still doing thing redundant radio recently purchased electronic switch Calvin OrrCustom Electronics PO Box 1332 Alta Loma CA 91701 Since housed oversize plastic box decided see could get two receivers battery pack switch thereby eliminating mess dangling wires buddy Jack Albrecht Service Manager Airtronics 11 Autry Irvine CA 92718 provided pair prototype receivers set match Kraft Channel Max transmitter bought some SRl 70 battery packs another buddy Larry Sribnick SR Batteries 21 South Country Rd Beilport NY 11713 After little plastic minirg hot soldering iron everything fit nicely elec tronic switch now mounts top box cut some holes let out switchs trim pots things want access adjustment anyway shown first two photos head column am using Lanier Javelin test bed unit bought Bubba Spivey 1986 Nats has modified slightly function tail-dragger because fly mostly off grass Powered OS 28H considerably milder Bubbas 40-powered missile am using RC38 RC56 because channels Jack Albrecht provided Jack pretty clever channel would complete 31M triplet RC47 looks like wont use before about 1995 ever Nobody has complained about hogging two chan nelsyet crystal ball tired Lets see much comes true Next month Ill talk about some minimal Electric RC have grandson has too younger siblings feel safe about giving him glow engine George M Myers 70 Froehlich Farm Rd Hicksville NY 11801 Glow Plugs/Werber Continued page 45 plug laboratory see could satisfy curiosity about what going inside little troublemaker first thing rule out possibility plug leaker tested subjecting couple hundred psi compressed air plug passed soap bubble test con nected battery looked what call normal glow Comparing ap pearance faulty plug filament new plug old filament looked just little duller maybe shade darkernot discernibly bad naked eye Obvi ously exacting comparative anal ysis called using high quality PRECISION MODEL PRODUCTS Made U S fl-i 75-B TT-200-B TT-225-B 1T-226B TT-250-B TT-25 1-B TT-275-B TT-276-B TT-300-B TT-301 -B BARSTOCK RETAILAPPROX PART NO SIZE EWT 1-3/4 2 2-1/4 2-1/4FAI 2-112 2-1/2FAI 2-3/4 2-3/4 FAI . 3 3FAI $1295 1395 1495 1695 1695 1695 1995 2195 2395 2595 095 OZ 1000z 155 OZ i450Z iaaoz 166 OZ 215 OZ 2000Z 256 OZ 247 OZ 3 Pieces Cone Back Plate Retainer Screw Note 3 4 Blade Spinners Available Sizes Add $3 00 Per Spinner PROP NuT ADAPTORS PART NOSIZE TT-140-A1/4-28 TT-610-A6x 10mm TT-710-A7x1Omm fl-Si 6-A 5/16-24 TT-810-A 8x1Omm TT-825-A 8x 125mm fl-375-A 3/624 fl-125-A lOx 1 25mm $395 395 395 395 395 395 495 495 061 OZ 063 OZ 062 OZ 076 OZ 076 OZ 075 OZ 117 OZ 115 OZ 3 Piece Set Nut Washer Machined Bushing Add $350 Shipping Handling Prices subject change notice ROMCO MFG INC OX 836 SOUTH HOUSTON TEXAS 77587 713 943-1867 July1987 143 RETAIL APPROX PRICE WT oooooooo •VIDEO Hedge Hoppin Vol 3- SpecIal Feature WarbIrdO 4fr Action Tos Model Q Action Interviews Scale 0 Brltish Concorde SST 1 Basic Construction Beginner 107 Mm 4995 sic Flight Training Beginners 65 Mm j 3 Worldof Mode Ava 9OMn 4495 hkosh Overviess 55 M n 3995 0 S ArplaneFunnes 30Mn Wd 39950 Scale Masters 60Mm Th 7 Warbirds Action 75Mm Fantastic 5 S HedgeHoppinVoll 45Mm 4195 9 Which Way Up 70 Mm Aerobatics lOHedge Hoppin Vol 2 40 Mm 41 950 llHedgeHoppinVol3 30Mm 3495C A11 Hedge Hoppin Series Feature Variety Avai sian Topics Full Scale & Model #0 & 0 C INTELLIGENCE SUMMARY ON JAPANESE AIR COMBAT C ACTICS WIREG PURCHASE OF& H EDGE HOPPIN VOL 2 OR WARW BIRDS IN ACTION0 En Purchase BasIc Com- structlon program aiw 3RD regular prIce receive C BasIc FRgIst Training 30% off retail Save0 BUY OR RENT TW TAPES GET VIDEO AT 5O/n OFF 0 w0 Ondetng InformatIonTh Rentals 81495 Rents Deposit Retail Price Tape C Rental Dwuden 7 Days After Delivery Paymat Check 110 days MO. Visa MC Card # & Exp Date PhoneS CODs Available Phone Sales FinalW Q ShIpp4se 375 Foreign Canada Add 10% TotalC Others 15% Res Add 7% Tax AcadeinyelAvlaelonR&D P0 3oz277 1Th Hazel creet N 60429 335 0776 C Z2Gl iIIAGAZINE INDEX 1980 1986 ti-i INFO CONSTRUCTION REVIEWS HOW TOS P,n Si Ms5or Modeling MagazInes 9 2 send Checker MO n oscopes available work So moved laboratory office true facts began emerge Working under low-power optical mic roscope used Dremel tool grinding wheel very carefully remove portion plug order completely expose heating coil did same thing new plug identical brand comparison photos Chemical analysis showed plug heater conformed industry standard thermocouple wire used temperature measurement 90% platinum 10% rhodium 007 diameter Next compared old new heating coils under electron microscope As photographs show progressively increasing magnification begin see telling differences between two photos new coil marked bad coil identified B 40X magnification photos A-i B-i relatively minor differences tween good bad coils apparent increasing magnification 500X photos A-2 B-2 2000X A-3 B-3 5OOOX A-4 B-4 reveals significant differences Notice 2OOOX 5 OOOX new coil basically im maculate marred few die marks wire drawing white spots probably lint dust contrast Photos B-2 B-3 B-4 show faulty coil least its surface has undergone some pervasive chemical change next step analyze nature chemical change bad coil bombarding electrons 20000 volts potential Shooting electrons material high energy causes ma terial give off X rays can used identif material Modem electronics can differentiate between X rays emitted iron example coming out platinum glow plug experiment showed over 95% X rays emanating bad coil produced carbon Comparing carbon X tay photograph Photo B-2 see luminous clusters X ray photo correspond larger clumps carbon Photo B-2 What produces carbon dont have definitive answer question carbon could come combustion varnish composed primarily element both sources Analyzing results experiments can hypothesize three prin cipal situations can contribute glow plug failure 1 The platinum heating coil has physically bent out shape Photo B-i shows coil slightly warped 2 Over period time carbon grad ually diffuses platinum coil counteracting ability platinum catalyze combustion pervades platinum penetrating beyond outer surface carbon will destroy platinums catalytic property 3 thick layer carbon forms onthe filament shielding heat combustion thus rendering incapable igniting next stroke un doubtedly major cause Doing glow plug experiments great fun curiosity satisfied However also learned no safe cure carbon buildup appears main culprit faulty plugs Ac cording chemists place business theres no easy way get rid carbon other some extremely toxic chemicals guess Ill just go buy new plug However aware new plug can bummer Photo B-s shows brand-new plug very carefully removed idle bar reveal coil badly off-center malring premature failure cer tainty Finding good glow plugand keeping waycan problematic proposition Happy ying. may engines run smooooth RC Electrics/Kopski Continued page 47 likely unbelievably bad Finally Mr D Hall Califomia wrote stress view its motor development thats needed rather battery development end developing electrochemical system based Monel Mysterium devel opment being hindered somewhat fact battery can charged annually April 1 writer truly grateful forthe reader acknowledgement support given April 87 MA column thank have shown interest Twins discussed some detall last month time said exception knew series connection best way wire twin motors Well Iran short space last month other month too defer discussion excep tion month Readers may have old Astro iSs other sizes designed run relatively large number lower-capacity cells should wire twin systems parallel connec tion example Ive used great success early 15s twins motor wired parallel same 16-cell 1 2-Ah pack motors used singly run 16 550mAh cells would draw about 10 amps specified propeller days motor brushes simply would hold up under higher currents present-day Astro motors OK latest Electric Davey Systems Caliph first saw Ted Daveys two prototypes last July decided Id get myself Normally Im scratch-builder have last decade purchased two other kitsboth O-Ts Caliph very appealing tome sorta like gas-powered Pronto years agoand went course does little personalizing scratch-building nature simply would let build kit some mods Some shown accompanying photos some explanation follows 144 Model Aviation Y ROAMIN RESEARCH P0 50 104 Oept096-17 Vale MIch 48097
Edition: Model Aviation - 1987/07
Page Numbers: 44, 45, 143, 144
The scanning electron microscope 40x magnification clearly shows chunks accumulated carbon have built upon worn out plug right justthe chunks carbon seen necessarily indication thatthe plug has gone bad new plug left certainly appears much cleaner though spot-weld typical construction moat plugs can clearly seen EGeorge Werber Look Glow Plug Failure glows just fine battery hooked once-happyenginewontkeeprunnning reallywantto know worn out burned out glow plug no longer works youll have take very close look Using electron microscope thats just what author did THE SCENARIO witnessed local Westford MA flying field myself have experienced too frequently Watch ing frustrated fellow member 495th Flying Club struggling keep engine running bad glow plug found myself puzzled often past about glow plugs fail sequence events defeating fellow fliers efforts get airborne fairly usual much-used plug battery connected engine would run fine idle good despite its properly tuned needle valve adjustment engine began run ragged once battery removedand would quit com pletely idle attempted After repeated five six times equally futile results someone suggested try new plug Eureka battery disconnected engine didnt die satisfying conclusion fel low modeler Iwasnt finished ridAt 500x magnification real reason plugs inability ignite fuel/air mixture combustion chamber begins visible wire good plug left still looks immaculate wire right has become coated scaly deposits carbon 44 Model Aviation dle what makes glow plug fail grabbed hold meand wasnt letting go asked could take discarded plug home Now time de cided investigate Id improvise glow Continued page 143 Exposing bad plug X-ray filtering everything out picture except carbon get clearer dication Just badly coated plug actually Theres no way combustion can initiated through layer thick thisand no convenient way remove carbon Nothing replace plug July1987 45 Again unused plug left reference see wires greater magnification time 2OOOx instead fuel mix ture hitting hot platinum wire cetaiystthat sets off detonation lands built-up layerof carbon cools wireto point heat glow battery engine soon quits Notice holes have begun erode wire well whopping 5OOOx actuai size plug seemed slightly dull naked eye now looks like something barnacle-encrusted shipwreck its also amazing surface new plug left still smooth such extreme magnification Smali scratches along length wire induced during manufacturing process white dots dust Left though glow plug brand new can probablyoxpect short life span since coil properly centered chamber can visually inspect before plunking down hard-earned cash Right plug ground down reveal cross section typical glow plug Unfortunately much grinding required coil fell out before picture could taken Toledo/Blakeslee Continued page 139 SR Batteries Larry Sribmck SR first offer modelers high capacity nickel-cadmium battery packs just about size shape Larry says business booming what demand electric cars fliers Electrics Larry can still supply airborne transmitter needs popular radios several arent popular Best write Larry Box 287 Bellport NY 11713 Ask flyer can check out packs available Top Flite Models Scott Christensen featuring RC Hand-Launch entry called Wristocrat showing personal plane has flaps Scott says flies very well sales have brisk Also continuing move well TFs Antares straight-wing Sailplane Two-Meter Metric Also shown new dark red MonoKote color should especially good covering bottoms wings Magazines US magazine folks hand no doubt familiar Id like tell about some British magazines less wellknown over Ron Moulton Argus Specialist Publications Ltd manned booth chock-full magazines company puts out two interest Sailplaners Radio Control Models Electronics usually abbreviated RCM&E Radio Modeller Both mags have separate columns Thermal Slope Soaring RCM&E has Dave Jones doing Thermal column Charles Gardiner Slope Radio Mod eller features well-known George Stringwell Thermal Tom Speakman writing about Slope Soaring Ron offering Toledo Show subscriptions spe cial rates failing just little magazines available through AMA HQ check out Supply & Service catalog should have received 1987 AMA membership other British publisher hand Tony Stephenson Traplet Publications Ltd Tonys magazine RCModel World has out about two years theyve sure learned find lot interesting material Silent Flight correspondent friend Sean Walbank White Sheet club hill fame magazine also features Power Scale Slope column written Ray Jones Tony now exporting magazine bulk California mailing us Yanks makes subscribing very simple Im sure Tony will give special Toledo Show price $15 six issues $30 12 tell him just heard about offer Write Tony Traplet Distribution 1635 Wade Dr Paso Robles CA 93446 Toledo very busy three days apologies Ive missed anyone coverage Sailplane offerings Radio Technique/Myers Continued page 43 required channels look things like 200-lb B-29 saw RC Video Maga zine Vol 8 hope carries redundant radio setup hobby needs safety can get am still doing thing redundant radio recently purchased electronic switch Calvin OrrCustom Electronics PO Box 1332 Alta Loma CA 91701 Since housed oversize plastic box decided see could get two receivers battery pack switch thereby eliminating mess dangling wires buddy Jack Albrecht Service Manager Airtronics 11 Autry Irvine CA 92718 provided pair prototype receivers set match Kraft Channel Max transmitter bought some SRl 70 battery packs another buddy Larry Sribnick SR Batteries 21 South Country Rd Beilport NY 11713 After little plastic minirg hot soldering iron everything fit nicely elec tronic switch now mounts top box cut some holes let out switchs trim pots things want access adjustment anyway shown first two photos head column am using Lanier Javelin test bed unit bought Bubba Spivey 1986 Nats has modified slightly function tail-dragger because fly mostly off grass Powered OS 28H considerably milder Bubbas 40-powered missile am using RC38 RC56 because channels Jack Albrecht provided Jack pretty clever channel would complete 31M triplet RC47 looks like wont use before about 1995 ever Nobody has complained about hogging two chan nelsyet crystal ball tired Lets see much comes true Next month Ill talk about some minimal Electric RC have grandson has too younger siblings feel safe about giving him glow engine George M Myers 70 Froehlich Farm Rd Hicksville NY 11801 Glow Plugs/Werber Continued page 45 plug laboratory see could satisfy curiosity about what going inside little troublemaker first thing rule out possibility plug leaker tested subjecting couple hundred psi compressed air plug passed soap bubble test con nected battery looked what call normal glow Comparing ap pearance faulty plug filament new plug old filament looked just little duller maybe shade darkernot discernibly bad naked eye Obvi ously exacting comparative anal ysis called using high quality PRECISION MODEL PRODUCTS Made U S fl-i 75-B TT-200-B TT-225-B 1T-226B TT-250-B TT-25 1-B TT-275-B TT-276-B TT-300-B TT-301 -B BARSTOCK RETAILAPPROX PART NO SIZE EWT 1-3/4 2 2-1/4 2-1/4FAI 2-112 2-1/2FAI 2-3/4 2-3/4 FAI . 3 3FAI $1295 1395 1495 1695 1695 1695 1995 2195 2395 2595 095 OZ 1000z 155 OZ i450Z iaaoz 166 OZ 215 OZ 2000Z 256 OZ 247 OZ 3 Pieces Cone Back Plate Retainer Screw Note 3 4 Blade Spinners Available Sizes Add $3 00 Per Spinner PROP NuT ADAPTORS PART NOSIZE TT-140-A1/4-28 TT-610-A6x 10mm TT-710-A7x1Omm fl-Si 6-A 5/16-24 TT-810-A 8x1Omm TT-825-A 8x 125mm fl-375-A 3/624 fl-125-A lOx 1 25mm $395 395 395 395 395 395 495 495 061 OZ 063 OZ 062 OZ 076 OZ 076 OZ 075 OZ 117 OZ 115 OZ 3 Piece Set Nut Washer Machined Bushing Add $350 Shipping Handling Prices subject change notice ROMCO MFG INC OX 836 SOUTH HOUSTON TEXAS 77587 713 943-1867 July1987 143 RETAIL APPROX PRICE WT oooooooo •VIDEO Hedge Hoppin Vol 3- SpecIal Feature WarbIrdO 4fr Action Tos Model Q Action Interviews Scale 0 Brltish Concorde SST 1 Basic Construction Beginner 107 Mm 4995 sic Flight Training Beginners 65 Mm j 3 Worldof Mode Ava 9OMn 4495 hkosh Overviess 55 M n 3995 0 S ArplaneFunnes 30Mn Wd 39950 Scale Masters 60Mm Th 7 Warbirds Action 75Mm Fantastic 5 S HedgeHoppinVoll 45Mm 4195 9 Which Way Up 70 Mm Aerobatics lOHedge Hoppin Vol 2 40 Mm 41 950 llHedgeHoppinVol3 30Mm 3495C A11 Hedge Hoppin Series Feature Variety Avai sian Topics Full Scale & Model #0 & 0 C INTELLIGENCE SUMMARY ON JAPANESE AIR COMBAT C ACTICS WIREG PURCHASE OF& H EDGE HOPPIN VOL 2 OR WARW BIRDS IN ACTION0 En Purchase BasIc Com- structlon program aiw 3RD regular prIce receive C BasIc FRgIst Training 30% off retail Save0 BUY OR RENT TW TAPES GET VIDEO AT 5O/n OFF 0 w0 Ondetng InformatIonTh Rentals 81495 Rents Deposit Retail Price Tape C Rental Dwuden 7 Days After Delivery Paymat Check 110 days MO. Visa MC Card # & Exp Date PhoneS CODs Available Phone Sales FinalW Q ShIpp4se 375 Foreign Canada Add 10% TotalC Others 15% Res Add 7% Tax AcadeinyelAvlaelonR&D P0 3oz277 1Th Hazel creet N 60429 335 0776 C Z2Gl iIIAGAZINE INDEX 1980 1986 ti-i INFO CONSTRUCTION REVIEWS HOW TOS P,n Si Ms5or Modeling MagazInes 9 2 send Checker MO n oscopes available work So moved laboratory office true facts began emerge Working under low-power optical mic roscope used Dremel tool grinding wheel very carefully remove portion plug order completely expose heating coil did same thing new plug identical brand comparison photos Chemical analysis showed plug heater conformed industry standard thermocouple wire used temperature measurement 90% platinum 10% rhodium 007 diameter Next compared old new heating coils under electron microscope As photographs show progressively increasing magnification begin see telling differences between two photos new coil marked bad coil identified B 40X magnification photos A-i B-i relatively minor differences tween good bad coils apparent increasing magnification 500X photos A-2 B-2 2000X A-3 B-3 5OOOX A-4 B-4 reveals significant differences Notice 2OOOX 5 OOOX new coil basically im maculate marred few die marks wire drawing white spots probably lint dust contrast Photos B-2 B-3 B-4 show faulty coil least its surface has undergone some pervasive chemical change next step analyze nature chemical change bad coil bombarding electrons 20000 volts potential Shooting electrons material high energy causes ma terial give off X rays can used identif material Modem electronics can differentiate between X rays emitted iron example coming out platinum glow plug experiment showed over 95% X rays emanating bad coil produced carbon Comparing carbon X tay photograph Photo B-2 see luminous clusters X ray photo correspond larger clumps carbon Photo B-2 What produces carbon dont have definitive answer question carbon could come combustion varnish composed primarily element both sources Analyzing results experiments can hypothesize three prin cipal situations can contribute glow plug failure 1 The platinum heating coil has physically bent out shape Photo B-i shows coil slightly warped 2 Over period time carbon grad ually diffuses platinum coil counteracting ability platinum catalyze combustion pervades platinum penetrating beyond outer surface carbon will destroy platinums catalytic property 3 thick layer carbon forms onthe filament shielding heat combustion thus rendering incapable igniting next stroke un doubtedly major cause Doing glow plug experiments great fun curiosity satisfied However also learned no safe cure carbon buildup appears main culprit faulty plugs Ac cording chemists place business theres no easy way get rid carbon other some extremely toxic chemicals guess Ill just go buy new plug However aware new plug can bummer Photo B-s shows brand-new plug very carefully removed idle bar reveal coil badly off-center malring premature failure cer tainty Finding good glow plugand keeping waycan problematic proposition Happy ying. may engines run smooooth RC Electrics/Kopski Continued page 47 likely unbelievably bad Finally Mr D Hall Califomia wrote stress view its motor development thats needed rather battery development end developing electrochemical system based Monel Mysterium devel opment being hindered somewhat fact battery can charged annually April 1 writer truly grateful forthe reader acknowledgement support given April 87 MA column thank have shown interest Twins discussed some detall last month time said exception knew series connection best way wire twin motors Well Iran short space last month other month too defer discussion excep tion month Readers may have old Astro iSs other sizes designed run relatively large number lower-capacity cells should wire twin systems parallel connec tion example Ive used great success early 15s twins motor wired parallel same 16-cell 1 2-Ah pack motors used singly run 16 550mAh cells would draw about 10 amps specified propeller days motor brushes simply would hold up under higher currents present-day Astro motors OK latest Electric Davey Systems Caliph first saw Ted Daveys two prototypes last July decided Id get myself Normally Im scratch-builder have last decade purchased two other kitsboth O-Ts Caliph very appealing tome sorta like gas-powered Pronto years agoand went course does little personalizing scratch-building nature simply would let build kit some mods Some shown accompanying photos some explanation follows 144 Model Aviation Y ROAMIN RESEARCH P0 50 104 Oept096-17 Vale MIch 48097
Edition: Model Aviation - 1987/07
Page Numbers: 44, 45, 143, 144
The scanning electron microscope 40x magnification clearly shows chunks accumulated carbon have built upon worn out plug right justthe chunks carbon seen necessarily indication thatthe plug has gone bad new plug left certainly appears much cleaner though spot-weld typical construction moat plugs can clearly seen EGeorge Werber Look Glow Plug Failure glows just fine battery hooked once-happyenginewontkeeprunnning reallywantto know worn out burned out glow plug no longer works youll have take very close look Using electron microscope thats just what author did THE SCENARIO witnessed local Westford MA flying field myself have experienced too frequently Watch ing frustrated fellow member 495th Flying Club struggling keep engine running bad glow plug found myself puzzled often past about glow plugs fail sequence events defeating fellow fliers efforts get airborne fairly usual much-used plug battery connected engine would run fine idle good despite its properly tuned needle valve adjustment engine began run ragged once battery removedand would quit com pletely idle attempted After repeated five six times equally futile results someone suggested try new plug Eureka battery disconnected engine didnt die satisfying conclusion fel low modeler Iwasnt finished ridAt 500x magnification real reason plugs inability ignite fuel/air mixture combustion chamber begins visible wire good plug left still looks immaculate wire right has become coated scaly deposits carbon 44 Model Aviation dle what makes glow plug fail grabbed hold meand wasnt letting go asked could take discarded plug home Now time de cided investigate Id improvise glow Continued page 143 Exposing bad plug X-ray filtering everything out picture except carbon get clearer dication Just badly coated plug actually Theres no way combustion can initiated through layer thick thisand no convenient way remove carbon Nothing replace plug July1987 45 Again unused plug left reference see wires greater magnification time 2OOOx instead fuel mix ture hitting hot platinum wire cetaiystthat sets off detonation lands built-up layerof carbon cools wireto point heat glow battery engine soon quits Notice holes have begun erode wire well whopping 5OOOx actuai size plug seemed slightly dull naked eye now looks like something barnacle-encrusted shipwreck its also amazing surface new plug left still smooth such extreme magnification Smali scratches along length wire induced during manufacturing process white dots dust Left though glow plug brand new can probablyoxpect short life span since coil properly centered chamber can visually inspect before plunking down hard-earned cash Right plug ground down reveal cross section typical glow plug Unfortunately much grinding required coil fell out before picture could taken Toledo/Blakeslee Continued page 139 SR Batteries Larry Sribmck SR first offer modelers high capacity nickel-cadmium battery packs just about size shape Larry says business booming what demand electric cars fliers Electrics Larry can still supply airborne transmitter needs popular radios several arent popular Best write Larry Box 287 Bellport NY 11713 Ask flyer can check out packs available Top Flite Models Scott Christensen featuring RC Hand-Launch entry called Wristocrat showing personal plane has flaps Scott says flies very well sales have brisk Also continuing move well TFs Antares straight-wing Sailplane Two-Meter Metric Also shown new dark red MonoKote color should especially good covering bottoms wings Magazines US magazine folks hand no doubt familiar Id like tell about some British magazines less wellknown over Ron Moulton Argus Specialist Publications Ltd manned booth chock-full magazines company puts out two interest Sailplaners Radio Control Models Electronics usually abbreviated RCM&E Radio Modeller Both mags have separate columns Thermal Slope Soaring RCM&E has Dave Jones doing Thermal column Charles Gardiner Slope Radio Mod eller features well-known George Stringwell Thermal Tom Speakman writing about Slope Soaring Ron offering Toledo Show subscriptions spe cial rates failing just little magazines available through AMA HQ check out Supply & Service catalog should have received 1987 AMA membership other British publisher hand Tony Stephenson Traplet Publications Ltd Tonys magazine RCModel World has out about two years theyve sure learned find lot interesting material Silent Flight correspondent friend Sean Walbank White Sheet club hill fame magazine also features Power Scale Slope column written Ray Jones Tony now exporting magazine bulk California mailing us Yanks makes subscribing very simple Im sure Tony will give special Toledo Show price $15 six issues $30 12 tell him just heard about offer Write Tony Traplet Distribution 1635 Wade Dr Paso Robles CA 93446 Toledo very busy three days apologies Ive missed anyone coverage Sailplane offerings Radio Technique/Myers Continued page 43 required channels look things like 200-lb B-29 saw RC Video Maga zine Vol 8 hope carries redundant radio setup hobby needs safety can get am still doing thing redundant radio recently purchased electronic switch Calvin OrrCustom Electronics PO Box 1332 Alta Loma CA 91701 Since housed oversize plastic box decided see could get two receivers battery pack switch thereby eliminating mess dangling wires buddy Jack Albrecht Service Manager Airtronics 11 Autry Irvine CA 92718 provided pair prototype receivers set match Kraft Channel Max transmitter bought some SRl 70 battery packs another buddy Larry Sribnick SR Batteries 21 South Country Rd Beilport NY 11713 After little plastic minirg hot soldering iron everything fit nicely elec tronic switch now mounts top box cut some holes let out switchs trim pots things want access adjustment anyway shown first two photos head column am using Lanier Javelin test bed unit bought Bubba Spivey 1986 Nats has modified slightly function tail-dragger because fly mostly off grass Powered OS 28H considerably milder Bubbas 40-powered missile am using RC38 RC56 because channels Jack Albrecht provided Jack pretty clever channel would complete 31M triplet RC47 looks like wont use before about 1995 ever Nobody has complained about hogging two chan nelsyet crystal ball tired Lets see much comes true Next month Ill talk about some minimal Electric RC have grandson has too younger siblings feel safe about giving him glow engine George M Myers 70 Froehlich Farm Rd Hicksville NY 11801 Glow Plugs/Werber Continued page 45 plug laboratory see could satisfy curiosity about what going inside little troublemaker first thing rule out possibility plug leaker tested subjecting couple hundred psi compressed air plug passed soap bubble test con nected battery looked what call normal glow Comparing ap pearance faulty plug filament new plug old filament looked just little duller maybe shade darkernot discernibly bad naked eye Obvi ously exacting comparative anal ysis called using high quality PRECISION MODEL PRODUCTS Made U S fl-i 75-B TT-200-B TT-225-B 1T-226B TT-250-B TT-25 1-B TT-275-B TT-276-B TT-300-B TT-301 -B BARSTOCK RETAILAPPROX PART NO SIZE EWT 1-3/4 2 2-1/4 2-1/4FAI 2-112 2-1/2FAI 2-3/4 2-3/4 FAI . 3 3FAI $1295 1395 1495 1695 1695 1695 1995 2195 2395 2595 095 OZ 1000z 155 OZ i450Z iaaoz 166 OZ 215 OZ 2000Z 256 OZ 247 OZ 3 Pieces Cone Back Plate Retainer Screw Note 3 4 Blade Spinners Available Sizes Add $3 00 Per Spinner PROP NuT ADAPTORS PART NOSIZE TT-140-A1/4-28 TT-610-A6x 10mm TT-710-A7x1Omm fl-Si 6-A 5/16-24 TT-810-A 8x1Omm TT-825-A 8x 125mm fl-375-A 3/624 fl-125-A lOx 1 25mm $395 395 395 395 395 395 495 495 061 OZ 063 OZ 062 OZ 076 OZ 076 OZ 075 OZ 117 OZ 115 OZ 3 Piece Set Nut Washer Machined Bushing Add $350 Shipping Handling Prices subject change notice ROMCO MFG INC OX 836 SOUTH HOUSTON TEXAS 77587 713 943-1867 July1987 143 RETAIL APPROX PRICE WT oooooooo •VIDEO Hedge Hoppin Vol 3- SpecIal Feature WarbIrdO 4fr Action Tos Model Q Action Interviews Scale 0 Brltish Concorde SST 1 Basic Construction Beginner 107 Mm 4995 sic Flight Training Beginners 65 Mm j 3 Worldof Mode Ava 9OMn 4495 hkosh Overviess 55 M n 3995 0 S ArplaneFunnes 30Mn Wd 39950 Scale Masters 60Mm Th 7 Warbirds Action 75Mm Fantastic 5 S HedgeHoppinVoll 45Mm 4195 9 Which Way Up 70 Mm Aerobatics lOHedge Hoppin Vol 2 40 Mm 41 950 llHedgeHoppinVol3 30Mm 3495C A11 Hedge Hoppin Series Feature Variety Avai sian Topics Full Scale & Model #0 & 0 C INTELLIGENCE SUMMARY ON JAPANESE AIR COMBAT C ACTICS WIREG PURCHASE OF& H EDGE HOPPIN VOL 2 OR WARW BIRDS IN ACTION0 En Purchase BasIc Com- structlon program aiw 3RD regular prIce receive C BasIc FRgIst Training 30% off retail Save0 BUY OR RENT TW TAPES GET VIDEO AT 5O/n OFF 0 w0 Ondetng InformatIonTh Rentals 81495 Rents Deposit Retail Price Tape C Rental Dwuden 7 Days After Delivery Paymat Check 110 days MO. Visa MC Card # & Exp Date PhoneS CODs Available Phone Sales FinalW Q ShIpp4se 375 Foreign Canada Add 10% TotalC Others 15% Res Add 7% Tax AcadeinyelAvlaelonR&D P0 3oz277 1Th Hazel creet N 60429 335 0776 C Z2Gl iIIAGAZINE INDEX 1980 1986 ti-i INFO CONSTRUCTION REVIEWS HOW TOS P,n Si Ms5or Modeling MagazInes 9 2 send Checker MO n oscopes available work So moved laboratory office true facts began emerge Working under low-power optical mic roscope used Dremel tool grinding wheel very carefully remove portion plug order completely expose heating coil did same thing new plug identical brand comparison photos Chemical analysis showed plug heater conformed industry standard thermocouple wire used temperature measurement 90% platinum 10% rhodium 007 diameter Next compared old new heating coils under electron microscope As photographs show progressively increasing magnification begin see telling differences between two photos new coil marked bad coil identified B 40X magnification photos A-i B-i relatively minor differences tween good bad coils apparent increasing magnification 500X photos A-2 B-2 2000X A-3 B-3 5OOOX A-4 B-4 reveals significant differences Notice 2OOOX 5 OOOX new coil basically im maculate marred few die marks wire drawing white spots probably lint dust contrast Photos B-2 B-3 B-4 show faulty coil least its surface has undergone some pervasive chemical change next step analyze nature chemical change bad coil bombarding electrons 20000 volts potential Shooting electrons material high energy causes ma terial give off X rays can used identif material Modem electronics can differentiate between X rays emitted iron example coming out platinum glow plug experiment showed over 95% X rays emanating bad coil produced carbon Comparing carbon X tay photograph Photo B-2 see luminous clusters X ray photo correspond larger clumps carbon Photo B-2 What produces carbon dont have definitive answer question carbon could come combustion varnish composed primarily element both sources Analyzing results experiments can hypothesize three prin cipal situations can contribute glow plug failure 1 The platinum heating coil has physically bent out shape Photo B-i shows coil slightly warped 2 Over period time carbon grad ually diffuses platinum coil counteracting ability platinum catalyze combustion pervades platinum penetrating beyond outer surface carbon will destroy platinums catalytic property 3 thick layer carbon forms onthe filament shielding heat combustion thus rendering incapable igniting next stroke un doubtedly major cause Doing glow plug experiments great fun curiosity satisfied However also learned no safe cure carbon buildup appears main culprit faulty plugs Ac cording chemists place business theres no easy way get rid carbon other some extremely toxic chemicals guess Ill just go buy new plug However aware new plug can bummer Photo B-s shows brand-new plug very carefully removed idle bar reveal coil badly off-center malring premature failure cer tainty Finding good glow plugand keeping waycan problematic proposition Happy ying. may engines run smooooth RC Electrics/Kopski Continued page 47 likely unbelievably bad Finally Mr D Hall Califomia wrote stress view its motor development thats needed rather battery development end developing electrochemical system based Monel Mysterium devel opment being hindered somewhat fact battery can charged annually April 1 writer truly grateful forthe reader acknowledgement support given April 87 MA column thank have shown interest Twins discussed some detall last month time said exception knew series connection best way wire twin motors Well Iran short space last month other month too defer discussion excep tion month Readers may have old Astro iSs other sizes designed run relatively large number lower-capacity cells should wire twin systems parallel connec tion example Ive used great success early 15s twins motor wired parallel same 16-cell 1 2-Ah pack motors used singly run 16 550mAh cells would draw about 10 amps specified propeller days motor brushes simply would hold up under higher currents present-day Astro motors OK latest Electric Davey Systems Caliph first saw Ted Daveys two prototypes last July decided Id get myself Normally Im scratch-builder have last decade purchased two other kitsboth O-Ts Caliph very appealing tome sorta like gas-powered Pronto years agoand went course does little personalizing scratch-building nature simply would let build kit some mods Some shown accompanying photos some explanation follows 144 Model Aviation Y ROAMIN RESEARCH P0 50 104 Oept096-17 Vale MIch 48097
Edition: Model Aviation - 1987/07
Page Numbers: 44, 45, 143, 144
The scanning electron microscope 40x magnification clearly shows chunks accumulated carbon have built upon worn out plug right justthe chunks carbon seen necessarily indication thatthe plug has gone bad new plug left certainly appears much cleaner though spot-weld typical construction moat plugs can clearly seen EGeorge Werber Look Glow Plug Failure glows just fine battery hooked once-happyenginewontkeeprunnning reallywantto know worn out burned out glow plug no longer works youll have take very close look Using electron microscope thats just what author did THE SCENARIO witnessed local Westford MA flying field myself have experienced too frequently Watch ing frustrated fellow member 495th Flying Club struggling keep engine running bad glow plug found myself puzzled often past about glow plugs fail sequence events defeating fellow fliers efforts get airborne fairly usual much-used plug battery connected engine would run fine idle good despite its properly tuned needle valve adjustment engine began run ragged once battery removedand would quit com pletely idle attempted After repeated five six times equally futile results someone suggested try new plug Eureka battery disconnected engine didnt die satisfying conclusion fel low modeler Iwasnt finished ridAt 500x magnification real reason plugs inability ignite fuel/air mixture combustion chamber begins visible wire good plug left still looks immaculate wire right has become coated scaly deposits carbon 44 Model Aviation dle what makes glow plug fail grabbed hold meand wasnt letting go asked could take discarded plug home Now time de cided investigate Id improvise glow Continued page 143 Exposing bad plug X-ray filtering everything out picture except carbon get clearer dication Just badly coated plug actually Theres no way combustion can initiated through layer thick thisand no convenient way remove carbon Nothing replace plug July1987 45 Again unused plug left reference see wires greater magnification time 2OOOx instead fuel mix ture hitting hot platinum wire cetaiystthat sets off detonation lands built-up layerof carbon cools wireto point heat glow battery engine soon quits Notice holes have begun erode wire well whopping 5OOOx actuai size plug seemed slightly dull naked eye now looks like something barnacle-encrusted shipwreck its also amazing surface new plug left still smooth such extreme magnification Smali scratches along length wire induced during manufacturing process white dots dust Left though glow plug brand new can probablyoxpect short life span since coil properly centered chamber can visually inspect before plunking down hard-earned cash Right plug ground down reveal cross section typical glow plug Unfortunately much grinding required coil fell out before picture could taken Toledo/Blakeslee Continued page 139 SR Batteries Larry Sribmck SR first offer modelers high capacity nickel-cadmium battery packs just about size shape Larry says business booming what demand electric cars fliers Electrics Larry can still supply airborne transmitter needs popular radios several arent popular Best write Larry Box 287 Bellport NY 11713 Ask flyer can check out packs available Top Flite Models Scott Christensen featuring RC Hand-Launch entry called Wristocrat showing personal plane has flaps Scott says flies very well sales have brisk Also continuing move well TFs Antares straight-wing Sailplane Two-Meter Metric Also shown new dark red MonoKote color should especially good covering bottoms wings Magazines US magazine folks hand no doubt familiar Id like tell about some British magazines less wellknown over Ron Moulton Argus Specialist Publications Ltd manned booth chock-full magazines company puts out two interest Sailplaners Radio Control Models Electronics usually abbreviated RCM&E Radio Modeller Both mags have separate columns Thermal Slope Soaring RCM&E has Dave Jones doing Thermal column Charles Gardiner Slope Radio Mod eller features well-known George Stringwell Thermal Tom Speakman writing about Slope Soaring Ron offering Toledo Show subscriptions spe cial rates failing just little magazines available through AMA HQ check out Supply & Service catalog should have received 1987 AMA membership other British publisher hand Tony Stephenson Traplet Publications Ltd Tonys magazine RCModel World has out about two years theyve sure learned find lot interesting material Silent Flight correspondent friend Sean Walbank White Sheet club hill fame magazine also features Power Scale Slope column written Ray Jones Tony now exporting magazine bulk California mailing us Yanks makes subscribing very simple Im sure Tony will give special Toledo Show price $15 six issues $30 12 tell him just heard about offer Write Tony Traplet Distribution 1635 Wade Dr Paso Robles CA 93446 Toledo very busy three days apologies Ive missed anyone coverage Sailplane offerings Radio Technique/Myers Continued page 43 required channels look things like 200-lb B-29 saw RC Video Maga zine Vol 8 hope carries redundant radio setup hobby needs safety can get am still doing thing redundant radio recently purchased electronic switch Calvin OrrCustom Electronics PO Box 1332 Alta Loma CA 91701 Since housed oversize plastic box decided see could get two receivers battery pack switch thereby eliminating mess dangling wires buddy Jack Albrecht Service Manager Airtronics 11 Autry Irvine CA 92718 provided pair prototype receivers set match Kraft Channel Max transmitter bought some SRl 70 battery packs another buddy Larry Sribnick SR Batteries 21 South Country Rd Beilport NY 11713 After little plastic minirg hot soldering iron everything fit nicely elec tronic switch now mounts top box cut some holes let out switchs trim pots things want access adjustment anyway shown first two photos head column am using Lanier Javelin test bed unit bought Bubba Spivey 1986 Nats has modified slightly function tail-dragger because fly mostly off grass Powered OS 28H considerably milder Bubbas 40-powered missile am using RC38 RC56 because channels Jack Albrecht provided Jack pretty clever channel would complete 31M triplet RC47 looks like wont use before about 1995 ever Nobody has complained about hogging two chan nelsyet crystal ball tired Lets see much comes true Next month Ill talk about some minimal Electric RC have grandson has too younger siblings feel safe about giving him glow engine George M Myers 70 Froehlich Farm Rd Hicksville NY 11801 Glow Plugs/Werber Continued page 45 plug laboratory see could satisfy curiosity about what going inside little troublemaker first thing rule out possibility plug leaker tested subjecting couple hundred psi compressed air plug passed soap bubble test con nected battery looked what call normal glow Comparing ap pearance faulty plug filament new plug old filament looked just little duller maybe shade darkernot discernibly bad naked eye Obvi ously exacting comparative anal ysis called using high quality PRECISION MODEL PRODUCTS Made U S fl-i 75-B TT-200-B TT-225-B 1T-226B TT-250-B TT-25 1-B TT-275-B TT-276-B TT-300-B TT-301 -B BARSTOCK RETAILAPPROX PART NO SIZE EWT 1-3/4 2 2-1/4 2-1/4FAI 2-112 2-1/2FAI 2-3/4 2-3/4 FAI . 3 3FAI $1295 1395 1495 1695 1695 1695 1995 2195 2395 2595 095 OZ 1000z 155 OZ i450Z iaaoz 166 OZ 215 OZ 2000Z 256 OZ 247 OZ 3 Pieces Cone Back Plate Retainer Screw Note 3 4 Blade Spinners Available Sizes Add $3 00 Per Spinner PROP NuT ADAPTORS PART NOSIZE TT-140-A1/4-28 TT-610-A6x 10mm TT-710-A7x1Omm fl-Si 6-A 5/16-24 TT-810-A 8x1Omm TT-825-A 8x 125mm fl-375-A 3/624 fl-125-A lOx 1 25mm $395 395 395 395 395 395 495 495 061 OZ 063 OZ 062 OZ 076 OZ 076 OZ 075 OZ 117 OZ 115 OZ 3 Piece Set Nut Washer Machined Bushing Add $350 Shipping Handling Prices subject change notice ROMCO MFG INC OX 836 SOUTH HOUSTON TEXAS 77587 713 943-1867 July1987 143 RETAIL APPROX PRICE WT oooooooo •VIDEO Hedge Hoppin Vol 3- SpecIal Feature WarbIrdO 4fr Action Tos Model Q Action Interviews Scale 0 Brltish Concorde SST 1 Basic Construction Beginner 107 Mm 4995 sic Flight Training Beginners 65 Mm j 3 Worldof Mode Ava 9OMn 4495 hkosh Overviess 55 M n 3995 0 S ArplaneFunnes 30Mn Wd 39950 Scale Masters 60Mm Th 7 Warbirds Action 75Mm Fantastic 5 S HedgeHoppinVoll 45Mm 4195 9 Which Way Up 70 Mm Aerobatics lOHedge Hoppin Vol 2 40 Mm 41 950 llHedgeHoppinVol3 30Mm 3495C A11 Hedge Hoppin Series Feature Variety Avai sian Topics Full Scale & Model #0 & 0 C INTELLIGENCE SUMMARY ON JAPANESE AIR COMBAT C ACTICS WIREG PURCHASE OF& H EDGE HOPPIN VOL 2 OR WARW BIRDS IN ACTION0 En Purchase BasIc Com- structlon program aiw 3RD regular prIce receive C BasIc FRgIst Training 30% off retail Save0 BUY OR RENT TW TAPES GET VIDEO AT 5O/n OFF 0 w0 Ondetng InformatIonTh Rentals 81495 Rents Deposit Retail Price Tape C Rental Dwuden 7 Days After Delivery Paymat Check 110 days MO. Visa MC Card # & Exp Date PhoneS CODs Available Phone Sales FinalW Q ShIpp4se 375 Foreign Canada Add 10% TotalC Others 15% Res Add 7% Tax AcadeinyelAvlaelonR&D P0 3oz277 1Th Hazel creet N 60429 335 0776 C Z2Gl iIIAGAZINE INDEX 1980 1986 ti-i INFO CONSTRUCTION REVIEWS HOW TOS P,n Si Ms5or Modeling MagazInes 9 2 send Checker MO n oscopes available work So moved laboratory office true facts began emerge Working under low-power optical mic roscope used Dremel tool grinding wheel very carefully remove portion plug order completely expose heating coil did same thing new plug identical brand comparison photos Chemical analysis showed plug heater conformed industry standard thermocouple wire used temperature measurement 90% platinum 10% rhodium 007 diameter Next compared old new heating coils under electron microscope As photographs show progressively increasing magnification begin see telling differences between two photos new coil marked bad coil identified B 40X magnification photos A-i B-i relatively minor differences tween good bad coils apparent increasing magnification 500X photos A-2 B-2 2000X A-3 B-3 5OOOX A-4 B-4 reveals significant differences Notice 2OOOX 5 OOOX new coil basically im maculate marred few die marks wire drawing white spots probably lint dust contrast Photos B-2 B-3 B-4 show faulty coil least its surface has undergone some pervasive chemical change next step analyze nature chemical change bad coil bombarding electrons 20000 volts potential Shooting electrons material high energy causes ma terial give off X rays can used identif material Modem electronics can differentiate between X rays emitted iron example coming out platinum glow plug experiment showed over 95% X rays emanating bad coil produced carbon Comparing carbon X tay photograph Photo B-2 see luminous clusters X ray photo correspond larger clumps carbon Photo B-2 What produces carbon dont have definitive answer question carbon could come combustion varnish composed primarily element both sources Analyzing results experiments can hypothesize three prin cipal situations can contribute glow plug failure 1 The platinum heating coil has physically bent out shape Photo B-i shows coil slightly warped 2 Over period time carbon grad ually diffuses platinum coil counteracting ability platinum catalyze combustion pervades platinum penetrating beyond outer surface carbon will destroy platinums catalytic property 3 thick layer carbon forms onthe filament shielding heat combustion thus rendering incapable igniting next stroke un doubtedly major cause Doing glow plug experiments great fun curiosity satisfied However also learned no safe cure carbon buildup appears main culprit faulty plugs Ac cording chemists place business theres no easy way get rid carbon other some extremely toxic chemicals guess Ill just go buy new plug However aware new plug can bummer Photo B-s shows brand-new plug very carefully removed idle bar reveal coil badly off-center malring premature failure cer tainty Finding good glow plugand keeping waycan problematic proposition Happy ying. may engines run smooooth RC Electrics/Kopski Continued page 47 likely unbelievably bad Finally Mr D Hall Califomia wrote stress view its motor development thats needed rather battery development end developing electrochemical system based Monel Mysterium devel opment being hindered somewhat fact battery can charged annually April 1 writer truly grateful forthe reader acknowledgement support given April 87 MA column thank have shown interest Twins discussed some detall last month time said exception knew series connection best way wire twin motors Well Iran short space last month other month too defer discussion excep tion month Readers may have old Astro iSs other sizes designed run relatively large number lower-capacity cells should wire twin systems parallel connec tion example Ive used great success early 15s twins motor wired parallel same 16-cell 1 2-Ah pack motors used singly run 16 550mAh cells would draw about 10 amps specified propeller days motor brushes simply would hold up under higher currents present-day Astro motors OK latest Electric Davey Systems Caliph first saw Ted Daveys two prototypes last July decided Id get myself Normally Im scratch-builder have last decade purchased two other kitsboth O-Ts Caliph very appealing tome sorta like gas-powered Pronto years agoand went course does little personalizing scratch-building nature simply would let build kit some mods Some shown accompanying photos some explanation follows 144 Model Aviation Y ROAMIN RESEARCH P0 50 104 Oept096-17 Vale MIch 48097