Various stock 10-6 props tested two engines picture tech also shown results given Table 6 In given diameter/pitch differences brand anotherand sometimes prop another within brand ntials GLOW PLUGS fire ignition threads engine post pro- coil welded post end process glow engine combination trusion leg battery con- body other compression fuel-air mixture nected insulation seal com- Assuming glow plug has good near TDC heat generated posed dielectric between post seal name brands now glow plug parts typical glow body withstands compression critical part element plug include body outer shell pressures element heating coil fine 006 008 dia wire 40 Model Aviation Left Some tachometers market today use light beam Interruption principle left lathe Master Line $100 upper middle Royal Pro Tach $65 lower middle Futaba Digital $60 right Heathkit Thumb Tach $35 work well higher-priced units have features Right Using tachometer about way check engine prop performance three-part presentation concluded formation about glow plugs start ing batteries propellers fuel care engines Know ledge about things plus items covered earlier will help make opera tion two-cycle glow model engines consistent enjoyable Part 3 John Kilsdonk exposed combustion cham ber wire platinum alloy glows like electric heater suffi cient voltage applied brands models glow plugs may purchased Some have flat coils though have long spiral spring-like coils available different heat ranges various fuel mixtures so-called heat range affected size alloy wire used good rule thumb start what hobby dealer recommends seek advice fellow fliers can experiment different types see what suits best has experience flat-coil glow plugs provide maximum perform ance knowledge flat-coil plugs manufactured under name GloBee performance applications plugs usually provide distinguish able power increase up 500 rpm However plugs carry premium price because special glass seals Glow plugs marked RC Idle Bar conventional plugs small strap band partially covering coil band shields coil element raw fuel low idle engine speeds during transition low high throt tle idle bar plugs generally used throttle-equipped engines should realize though have adverse effect top performance sport applications prob lem Generally idle bar means loss up 500 rpm full throttle readily offset improved reliability idle characteristics Glow plugs also come short long reach Reach refers depth threads body Some englnes especi ally smaller sizes sometimes use shortreach plugs Most modern engines use long-reach plugs Reach specified engine manufacturer About exception certain Cox engines glow plug integral cylinder head entire head must replaced change glow plug ever caught position need short glow plug have long plugs available can make-do helpful hint long glow plug two additiDnal standard copper glow plug w46~ three approximates shorr-vefr pang precise works fine pinch Starting batteries After engine started combustion pross reheats plug element stgteding ion process starting battery can removed no effect engine standard model engine glow plug requires DC voltage least 1 OV delivered plug itself Normally l5V 2OV DC source used ex cess voltage dropped lead wires through rheostat typical glow plug will draw 15 40 amps depending its particular coil wire voltage available plug Refer Table No 5 details voltage source can good bat teryeither dry cell 1 5V Ni-Cd l2V lead-acid 20V popular glow drivers Glow drivers elec tronically drop regulate 12-volt bat tery power voltage Whatever source should capable maintaining minimum 1 OVDC glow plug Starting sources incorporate current meter highly recommended may cost little proper use can save much frus tration meter tells immediately plug burned out no meter indication also can show engine flooded higher nor mal indication have battery system equipped rheostat control current voltage glow plug should apply minimum voltage produce dependable starts Excessive voltage will May 1985 41 electrically strain plug element burn out significantly reducing glow plug life good rule thumb take new plug brand model using slowly increase voltage until can see faint glow average indoor light bright sunlight voltage become visible will excessive mark mentally note position current voltage con trol and/or meter reading flying field remember always use same setting above technique should always done using same lead wires connector arrangement normally use Actually have current voltage control voltage can dropped increasing length lead wires Propeller nomenclature using 10-6 propeller would like know what really means Read first number refers overall length prop diameter inch es second number refers pitch related angle blade Pitch theoretical axial movement prop screw through solid revolution can measured using pitch gauge nothing sophisticated protractor given radius pitch mathematically expressed 2 pi R Tan 0 R radius center prop 0 angle Common wood props machinecontoured hardwood such maple Depending individual piece wood its grain structure wood may deflect unevenly piece piece resulting somewhat different pitch prop prop same brand Molded props course have varia tion seem very consistent exemplify variation particular brand 9-6 wood props use Quickie 500 will have maximum rpm variation same engine low 15200 much 17500 dozen props applica tion look props 16500 17500 rpm range Another factor manufactur er has proprietary blade shape may affect props actual performance show differences ran test using two different engines variety commer cially-available 10-6 props selected ran dom 2000 rpm variation engine 1600 rpm variation other Thats quite difference test results Table No 6 say particular prop bad good rather says 10-6 other size make necessarily same another make 10-6 C addition obvious differences blade shapes also notice variations actual measured pitch will understand first variations exist second should experiment different sizes also dif ferent brands find what works best particular application sport flying prop selection less critical competition However important least unduly overload engine too much prop Table No 4 Part 2 showed some basic starting points particular engine sizes last word props highly rec ommended prop balanced Balanced props ensure minimum vibra tion enhancing engine life improving safety Balancing easy usually requiring few swipes sanding block top heavy blade change diameter blade Prop balancers can purchased few dollars up very sophisticated models about $30 comprehensive article props pitch gauges published August 1975 Model Aviation Fuel several brands fuel may purchased ranging nitro content zero known FAL up 70Vo fuel manufacturer usually claims fuel superior due some par ticular ingredient additive reduce confusion somewhat three basic components model engine glow fuel nitromethane metha nol oil Lets start oil Gasoline-burn ing two-cycle engines chainsaws lawn mowers motorcycles etc use either petroleum-based oil synthet ics Methanol principle ingredient model engine glow fuels will mix petroleum-based oils old standard methanol fuel castor oil derivative extract castor bean refined different grades common Bakers AA An better expensive version labeled Crystal 0 42 Model Aviation Above Two prop pitch gauges left popular Prather model right authors home-built version Pitch gauges Just sophisticated protractors measure prop blade angle Right prop balancers High Point Products $30 probably top line Props should always checked proper balance Other vegetable oils such soy beans used some success early 1960s prominent high-performance competition usage inability castor oil mix high percentages nitro methane using detrimental blend ing agents led development synthetic oils two-cycle engine use Union Carbide front runner field Ucon brands Several other firms have either copied UCs oils pioneered own synthetic oils have several distinct advantages over castor oil First can mixed lower ratios norm castor oil about 25% syn thetics norm about 20% Other advan tages synthetic oil include cleaner burn ing less exhaust residue absence var nishing gumming internal engine parts course improved nitro blendability have using synthetic oils fuel over 20 years disadvantage seems occasional rusting internal iron-based parts can evident hot humid days Because hydroscopic trait attrac tion water methanol condensa tion water vapor air upon engine shut down causes moisture trapped engine Some synthetics themselves have adequate coating characteristics therefore iron alloy parts will rust However newer high-grade synthetic oils have rust inhibitor blendedin rusting generally problem Another initial disadvantage synthet ic oil price although recent times generally par less expensive castor oil Most manufacturers properly blenders model fuel advertise what type oil use fact some advertise blend castor synthetic personal favorite remains pure syn thetic find fuel like stay second ingredient model fuels methanol CH3 OH Methanol alco hol derived various sources such coal decaying vegetation inexpen sive less $1 00/gal effective thing cautious exces sive water content Fuel-quality methanol contains about 1% water third basic ingredient nitro methane CH3NO2 Nitro power additive model fuel very expensive $4000/gal its used sparingly Some fuels contain other ingredients very small percentages ignit ers such propylene oxide amyl nitrate anti-foam agents rust inhibitors What does mean average sport flier fuel labeled 10% generally indicates following 10% nitrometh ane 18 25% oil remaining 65 72% pure methanol ratios refer percent volume Volume ineas urements easier make rea sonably consistent fuel always mixed same temperature Although have no proof suspect some fuel blenders mix fuel weight As nitro methane weighs approximately 25% per given quantity either oil methanol could mean fuel labeled lets say 10% mixed weight equivalent 8% nitro mixed volume Additional suspicions arise several brands fuel same labeled nitro value compared few hun dred rpm difference observed Some might attributed other ingre dientssuch water content nitro puri ty lubricating qualities oil suspicions still focus amount pure nitromethane due its significant price differential ran test some home-brew fuel mixed very carefully various nitro contents using same other ingredients results reflected Table No 7 should note test engine other engines may show varying results Again rule thumb start recommendation experiment different brands nitro contents see what works best About 10 years ago conducted indepth study testing program seve ral oils commercial fuels article published March 1976 Model Aviation Most data still valid Care engines three concerns regarding care model engine first handle between fly ing sessions very good idea lube engine after flying session using petroleum-based lubricant Spraying aerosol such WD-40 carb flipping prop few times excellent few drops oil like 3-in-l probably works just well personal favorite mix 50-50 batch automatic trans Continued page 139 May1985 43 Higni umaul pocKe-sIzs m-.u starting battery clips onto glow plug very popular ana nominally priced built-in meter helps identity starting problems Above An array rechargeable starting batteries L-R Master Line metered Ni-Cd GloBee Fire Plug surplus 5 Ah Ni-Cd McDaniel NI-Starter no-name unit Except surplus Ni-Cd prices range about $25 $40 include chargers Photos author 7 -A 20G500Olympic V System less servos$14995 assembled tuned testedI ACE EtC mnEJ 44hEj V Boo 511E6W 9S Hogne e Mo 64037 8 6 584 7 2 Send $200 goroolete osnalog ACE ten available dealer Order diruot add $200 handliog fee Engines/Kilsdonk Continued page 43 mission fluid cigarette lighter fluid aid small primer bottle actually run engine mixture purpose after-run lubrica tion coat internal parts prevent corrosion provide pre lube next engine start may until next day week longer reason like transmission oil lighter fluid mix run engine mixture residual alcohol methanol burned out Methanol very hydroscopic attracts moisture lighter fluid petro-based igniter will fire engine transmission fluid finest lubricants available containing fine additives along closely-controlled purity use method little tricky usually disconnect fuel line close throttle idle connect starting battery squirt several drops mixture carb start engine Starting way should repeated three four times engine will well lubed Sometimes can keep squirting mixture carb keep engine running 30 seconds Either way Ive found technique satisfactory although somewhat messy engines carbs good idea close barrel after flying leave closed during storage Engines carbs should have piece paper towel stuffed venturi also good idea stuff piece paper towel muffler exhaust openings second concern what prolonged storage such over winter Any above procedures can used either separately combina tion heavier application oil storage plastic bag tied air tight recommended extended storage six months longer third concern what to engine after crash lot additional unnecessary damage can done engine after crash unsuspecting flier Crashes no fun have sooner later happens follow rules First foremost turn over engine rotate crank shaft Carefully remove engine model take off remains prop very carefully remove car buretor cylinder head back plate nothing else Fill small container such coffee can hot tap water add gener ous amount liquid detergent Soak entire engine including removed parts 10 minutes Again turn over engine crankshaft Carefully remove engine flush under tap hot water should remove dirt grit still residual matter repeat soak flush process Sometimes toothbrush pipe cleaner can help Inspect parts obvious damage such bent crankshaft prop drive washer Dont worry too much about bent chipped head fins everything looks OK slowly rotate crankshaft check binding sticking Continued page 142 CHEROKEE Favorite TI R1 fl. C NOW Y-FREE STARTING POWER New completely automatic maintenance system field kit starter batteries No run-down batteries undercharged No boiled-dry batteries overcharged No explosive gasses generated No winter storage problems No attention required tronically maintains full charge JUST CONNECT IT FORGET IT CaRa Products PO Box 221 Canton SD 57013 605 987-5924 SASE information PLUS $3995 $200 ISpecify 6 12 24 voltl May1985 139 UV LYLAPJ Dependability Olympic V Systems important feature Based Silver Sevens proven electronics Oly V gives solid performance can count years Besides dependability Oly has servo reversal switches optional Dual Rates Retract Channel aluminum case transmitter ESV full ni-cds charger system comes less servos can pick number size type require Any positive pulse servos will work Dont trust brand new creation just radio because its inexpensive has lot useless features Count Olympic V give dependability demand Span65Eng.45-60 Area754 sq in4 Channel Send $1 00 latest price list literature Quality RIC Products Since 1960 VK MODEL AIRCRAFT CO 5866 Transit Rd. Depew NY 14043 Phone No1716 684-5555 *ark check*money order please* LARGE SASE FOR PRICE LISt IIA2YXI/7Y •BOX 1686 ER 82520 Engines/KiIsdOflk Continued page 139 dry off engine literally flood oil Carefully reinstall removed parts engine ready run Please note necessary remove piston cylinder crank bearings cases key doing damage engine course physical damage crankcase front cover crankshaft then-further disassembly will necessary should done very carefully methodicallyand possible under watchful eye engine specialist concludes series hope has helped some way lot top ics discussed emphasis primarily essentials Most topics could expanded much greater depth enough interest shown personal note course preparing series shocking realization People have hobby several decades such myself take awful lot granted dealing newcomers things second nature never realize never impart novice Perhaps anyone three decades experience should think about repaying debt owe fun have hobby would defi nitely encourage fraternity get involved growth hobby Help new people own way Give building lessons flying lessons con duct clinics seminars tech talks meet ings get involved AMA write articles like Share experience RC Scale/Wischers Continued page 45 descriptive data sheets also has reproductions drawings air craft engines shown 1934 Air Commerce Aircraft Year Book Sixty-one model drawings Paul Lindberg gas rubber-powered Popular via tion magazine listed 54 Earl Stahl Scale plans MAN Air Trails Air Age Catalog price $100 Gleason Enterprises 170429th Ave SE Rt 2 Box 125 Austin MN 55912 Detailed Scale multi-view drawings being produced documentation niodel design Curtiss Jenny JN-4 Taylor Brothers Chummy North American Mustang P-51B C drawings available three scale ratios /16 /14 % /16 ratio drawing size 24 x 36 Jenny drawing represents JN-4 flown Neta Snook used airplane flight training Amelia Earhart Taylor Chummy CG Taylors earli est design led development Cub eventually known Piper Cub its early form airplane open cockpit radial engine Photos Chummy also offered Mustang drawings four sheets made factory blueprints North American documents Aerodynamic Dimensional Data P-s 1 B/C Airplanes details prices send SASE Charles L Neely 2703 E Goshen Ave Visalia CA 93291 Fuel apparatus Providing fuel engine would appear rather simple matter Scale models completely enclosed engine fuel tank may complexities undesirable disassemble airplane fuel servicing portion cowling can made removable provided no objection non-scale lines filler tube becomes accessible full-size air plane already has hatch openings its nose can used fuel supply en trances Most aircraft have no such con venient spots hide necessary plastic tubes therefore obliged search another method airplanes having completely cowled engine run fuel fill vent tubes out bottom rear cowl area cooling air engine normally exhausted pro totype well model small bit tube can seen space isnt really non-scale because full-size planes often have tubes extending battery-box vent fuel tank overflow typical model system now has three tubes tank feed carbure tor two extending downward tank filling venting fuel being pumped model operation connect electric fuel pump lower tube pair entering tank use upper tube air vent fuel begins run vent tube signals full tank avoid spilling fuel length tube can connected vent line carry excess fuel back supply bot tle As tank nears capacity bubbles appear tube signal stopping pump return line bottle pre vents spilling raw fuel grass beneath model Fuel kills grass club field has row dead spots pit area models fueled Aimost us now using muffler pressure tank promote reliable fuel flow adds complication system tee needed vent tube connected muffler tap Unless both fill vent tubes plugged muffler pressure lost engine operating prevent loss insert machine screw 4-40 x 14 tube ends after filling Because electric fuel pump will fill tank faster rate fuel can vented through overflow tube some risk will considerable 142 Model Aviation ROADRI JNNEP 90 SPAN* 60-1 1 2 TO 14 LBS V 95 BALSAPLY---t-DIVE LG $129 ROLLED PRINTS W/MANJAL PP USA PRINTSROLLED W/MAIIJAL $2OU 1/420 X 2 NYLCN BOLTSPAN OR HEX 50-$4 50 PP USA 100-$7 00 PP USA 1/4-32 TAP gbplug PP BULK DISC DUBROROCKET CITYETC 00STENYA FIBER GLASS PUSH RODS PRECISION SAND AND SHAPE With. 4 1/2 Custom Aluminum iN i Extrusion Sanding Block TEE BAREspecially designed small sandingiobs Sander Pack contains 3 sheets assorted die-cut sandpaper Regular lengthDouble length 10 718 21 718 handy useTEE bigger L3AR4 jobs truer surfaces Regular ji Double Self Adhesive Sheet SandpaperEU Customize yourSTUFF sanding like pros 369s 11 sheets per pack 12-medium 12-fine 12-superfie per sheet U Post add 20% Catalog256 LAPPLIED DESIGN CORP 738 Penn St ElSegundo CA90245
Edition: Model Aviation - 1985/05
Page Numbers: 40, 41, 42, 43, 139, 142
Various stock 10-6 props tested two engines picture tech also shown results given Table 6 In given diameter/pitch differences brand anotherand sometimes prop another within brand ntials GLOW PLUGS fire ignition threads engine post pro- coil welded post end process glow engine combination trusion leg battery con- body other compression fuel-air mixture nected insulation seal com- Assuming glow plug has good near TDC heat generated posed dielectric between post seal name brands now glow plug parts typical glow body withstands compression critical part element plug include body outer shell pressures element heating coil fine 006 008 dia wire 40 Model Aviation Left Some tachometers market today use light beam Interruption principle left lathe Master Line $100 upper middle Royal Pro Tach $65 lower middle Futaba Digital $60 right Heathkit Thumb Tach $35 work well higher-priced units have features Right Using tachometer about way check engine prop performance three-part presentation concluded formation about glow plugs start ing batteries propellers fuel care engines Know ledge about things plus items covered earlier will help make opera tion two-cycle glow model engines consistent enjoyable Part 3 John Kilsdonk exposed combustion cham ber wire platinum alloy glows like electric heater suffi cient voltage applied brands models glow plugs may purchased Some have flat coils though have long spiral spring-like coils available different heat ranges various fuel mixtures so-called heat range affected size alloy wire used good rule thumb start what hobby dealer recommends seek advice fellow fliers can experiment different types see what suits best has experience flat-coil glow plugs provide maximum perform ance knowledge flat-coil plugs manufactured under name GloBee performance applications plugs usually provide distinguish able power increase up 500 rpm However plugs carry premium price because special glass seals Glow plugs marked RC Idle Bar conventional plugs small strap band partially covering coil band shields coil element raw fuel low idle engine speeds during transition low high throt tle idle bar plugs generally used throttle-equipped engines should realize though have adverse effect top performance sport applications prob lem Generally idle bar means loss up 500 rpm full throttle readily offset improved reliability idle characteristics Glow plugs also come short long reach Reach refers depth threads body Some englnes especi ally smaller sizes sometimes use shortreach plugs Most modern engines use long-reach plugs Reach specified engine manufacturer About exception certain Cox engines glow plug integral cylinder head entire head must replaced change glow plug ever caught position need short glow plug have long plugs available can make-do helpful hint long glow plug two additiDnal standard copper glow plug w46~ three approximates shorr-vefr pang precise works fine pinch Starting batteries After engine started combustion pross reheats plug element stgteding ion process starting battery can removed no effect engine standard model engine glow plug requires DC voltage least 1 OV delivered plug itself Normally l5V 2OV DC source used ex cess voltage dropped lead wires through rheostat typical glow plug will draw 15 40 amps depending its particular coil wire voltage available plug Refer Table No 5 details voltage source can good bat teryeither dry cell 1 5V Ni-Cd l2V lead-acid 20V popular glow drivers Glow drivers elec tronically drop regulate 12-volt bat tery power voltage Whatever source should capable maintaining minimum 1 OVDC glow plug Starting sources incorporate current meter highly recommended may cost little proper use can save much frus tration meter tells immediately plug burned out no meter indication also can show engine flooded higher nor mal indication have battery system equipped rheostat control current voltage glow plug should apply minimum voltage produce dependable starts Excessive voltage will May 1985 41 electrically strain plug element burn out significantly reducing glow plug life good rule thumb take new plug brand model using slowly increase voltage until can see faint glow average indoor light bright sunlight voltage become visible will excessive mark mentally note position current voltage con trol and/or meter reading flying field remember always use same setting above technique should always done using same lead wires connector arrangement normally use Actually have current voltage control voltage can dropped increasing length lead wires Propeller nomenclature using 10-6 propeller would like know what really means Read first number refers overall length prop diameter inch es second number refers pitch related angle blade Pitch theoretical axial movement prop screw through solid revolution can measured using pitch gauge nothing sophisticated protractor given radius pitch mathematically expressed 2 pi R Tan 0 R radius center prop 0 angle Common wood props machinecontoured hardwood such maple Depending individual piece wood its grain structure wood may deflect unevenly piece piece resulting somewhat different pitch prop prop same brand Molded props course have varia tion seem very consistent exemplify variation particular brand 9-6 wood props use Quickie 500 will have maximum rpm variation same engine low 15200 much 17500 dozen props applica tion look props 16500 17500 rpm range Another factor manufactur er has proprietary blade shape may affect props actual performance show differences ran test using two different engines variety commer cially-available 10-6 props selected ran dom 2000 rpm variation engine 1600 rpm variation other Thats quite difference test results Table No 6 say particular prop bad good rather says 10-6 other size make necessarily same another make 10-6 C addition obvious differences blade shapes also notice variations actual measured pitch will understand first variations exist second should experiment different sizes also dif ferent brands find what works best particular application sport flying prop selection less critical competition However important least unduly overload engine too much prop Table No 4 Part 2 showed some basic starting points particular engine sizes last word props highly rec ommended prop balanced Balanced props ensure minimum vibra tion enhancing engine life improving safety Balancing easy usually requiring few swipes sanding block top heavy blade change diameter blade Prop balancers can purchased few dollars up very sophisticated models about $30 comprehensive article props pitch gauges published August 1975 Model Aviation Fuel several brands fuel may purchased ranging nitro content zero known FAL up 70Vo fuel manufacturer usually claims fuel superior due some par ticular ingredient additive reduce confusion somewhat three basic components model engine glow fuel nitromethane metha nol oil Lets start oil Gasoline-burn ing two-cycle engines chainsaws lawn mowers motorcycles etc use either petroleum-based oil synthet ics Methanol principle ingredient model engine glow fuels will mix petroleum-based oils old standard methanol fuel castor oil derivative extract castor bean refined different grades common Bakers AA An better expensive version labeled Crystal 0 42 Model Aviation Above Two prop pitch gauges left popular Prather model right authors home-built version Pitch gauges Just sophisticated protractors measure prop blade angle Right prop balancers High Point Products $30 probably top line Props should always checked proper balance Other vegetable oils such soy beans used some success early 1960s prominent high-performance competition usage inability castor oil mix high percentages nitro methane using detrimental blend ing agents led development synthetic oils two-cycle engine use Union Carbide front runner field Ucon brands Several other firms have either copied UCs oils pioneered own synthetic oils have several distinct advantages over castor oil First can mixed lower ratios norm castor oil about 25% syn thetics norm about 20% Other advan tages synthetic oil include cleaner burn ing less exhaust residue absence var nishing gumming internal engine parts course improved nitro blendability have using synthetic oils fuel over 20 years disadvantage seems occasional rusting internal iron-based parts can evident hot humid days Because hydroscopic trait attrac tion water methanol condensa tion water vapor air upon engine shut down causes moisture trapped engine Some synthetics themselves have adequate coating characteristics therefore iron alloy parts will rust However newer high-grade synthetic oils have rust inhibitor blendedin rusting generally problem Another initial disadvantage synthet ic oil price although recent times generally par less expensive castor oil Most manufacturers properly blenders model fuel advertise what type oil use fact some advertise blend castor synthetic personal favorite remains pure syn thetic find fuel like stay second ingredient model fuels methanol CH3 OH Methanol alco hol derived various sources such coal decaying vegetation inexpen sive less $1 00/gal effective thing cautious exces sive water content Fuel-quality methanol contains about 1% water third basic ingredient nitro methane CH3NO2 Nitro power additive model fuel very expensive $4000/gal its used sparingly Some fuels contain other ingredients very small percentages ignit ers such propylene oxide amyl nitrate anti-foam agents rust inhibitors What does mean average sport flier fuel labeled 10% generally indicates following 10% nitrometh ane 18 25% oil remaining 65 72% pure methanol ratios refer percent volume Volume ineas urements easier make rea sonably consistent fuel always mixed same temperature Although have no proof suspect some fuel blenders mix fuel weight As nitro methane weighs approximately 25% per given quantity either oil methanol could mean fuel labeled lets say 10% mixed weight equivalent 8% nitro mixed volume Additional suspicions arise several brands fuel same labeled nitro value compared few hun dred rpm difference observed Some might attributed other ingre dientssuch water content nitro puri ty lubricating qualities oil suspicions still focus amount pure nitromethane due its significant price differential ran test some home-brew fuel mixed very carefully various nitro contents using same other ingredients results reflected Table No 7 should note test engine other engines may show varying results Again rule thumb start recommendation experiment different brands nitro contents see what works best About 10 years ago conducted indepth study testing program seve ral oils commercial fuels article published March 1976 Model Aviation Most data still valid Care engines three concerns regarding care model engine first handle between fly ing sessions very good idea lube engine after flying session using petroleum-based lubricant Spraying aerosol such WD-40 carb flipping prop few times excellent few drops oil like 3-in-l probably works just well personal favorite mix 50-50 batch automatic trans Continued page 139 May1985 43 Higni umaul pocKe-sIzs m-.u starting battery clips onto glow plug very popular ana nominally priced built-in meter helps identity starting problems Above An array rechargeable starting batteries L-R Master Line metered Ni-Cd GloBee Fire Plug surplus 5 Ah Ni-Cd McDaniel NI-Starter no-name unit Except surplus Ni-Cd prices range about $25 $40 include chargers Photos author 7 -A 20G500Olympic V System less servos$14995 assembled tuned testedI ACE EtC mnEJ 44hEj V Boo 511E6W 9S Hogne e Mo 64037 8 6 584 7 2 Send $200 goroolete osnalog ACE ten available dealer Order diruot add $200 handliog fee Engines/Kilsdonk Continued page 43 mission fluid cigarette lighter fluid aid small primer bottle actually run engine mixture purpose after-run lubrica tion coat internal parts prevent corrosion provide pre lube next engine start may until next day week longer reason like transmission oil lighter fluid mix run engine mixture residual alcohol methanol burned out Methanol very hydroscopic attracts moisture lighter fluid petro-based igniter will fire engine transmission fluid finest lubricants available containing fine additives along closely-controlled purity use method little tricky usually disconnect fuel line close throttle idle connect starting battery squirt several drops mixture carb start engine Starting way should repeated three four times engine will well lubed Sometimes can keep squirting mixture carb keep engine running 30 seconds Either way Ive found technique satisfactory although somewhat messy engines carbs good idea close barrel after flying leave closed during storage Engines carbs should have piece paper towel stuffed venturi also good idea stuff piece paper towel muffler exhaust openings second concern what prolonged storage such over winter Any above procedures can used either separately combina tion heavier application oil storage plastic bag tied air tight recommended extended storage six months longer third concern what to engine after crash lot additional unnecessary damage can done engine after crash unsuspecting flier Crashes no fun have sooner later happens follow rules First foremost turn over engine rotate crank shaft Carefully remove engine model take off remains prop very carefully remove car buretor cylinder head back plate nothing else Fill small container such coffee can hot tap water add gener ous amount liquid detergent Soak entire engine including removed parts 10 minutes Again turn over engine crankshaft Carefully remove engine flush under tap hot water should remove dirt grit still residual matter repeat soak flush process Sometimes toothbrush pipe cleaner can help Inspect parts obvious damage such bent crankshaft prop drive washer Dont worry too much about bent chipped head fins everything looks OK slowly rotate crankshaft check binding sticking Continued page 142 CHEROKEE Favorite TI R1 fl. C NOW Y-FREE STARTING POWER New completely automatic maintenance system field kit starter batteries No run-down batteries undercharged No boiled-dry batteries overcharged No explosive gasses generated No winter storage problems No attention required tronically maintains full charge JUST CONNECT IT FORGET IT CaRa Products PO Box 221 Canton SD 57013 605 987-5924 SASE information PLUS $3995 $200 ISpecify 6 12 24 voltl May1985 139 UV LYLAPJ Dependability Olympic V Systems important feature Based Silver Sevens proven electronics Oly V gives solid performance can count years Besides dependability Oly has servo reversal switches optional Dual Rates Retract Channel aluminum case transmitter ESV full ni-cds charger system comes less servos can pick number size type require Any positive pulse servos will work Dont trust brand new creation just radio because its inexpensive has lot useless features Count Olympic V give dependability demand Span65Eng.45-60 Area754 sq in4 Channel Send $1 00 latest price list literature Quality RIC Products Since 1960 VK MODEL AIRCRAFT CO 5866 Transit Rd. Depew NY 14043 Phone No1716 684-5555 *ark check*money order please* LARGE SASE FOR PRICE LISt IIA2YXI/7Y •BOX 1686 ER 82520 Engines/KiIsdOflk Continued page 139 dry off engine literally flood oil Carefully reinstall removed parts engine ready run Please note necessary remove piston cylinder crank bearings cases key doing damage engine course physical damage crankcase front cover crankshaft then-further disassembly will necessary should done very carefully methodicallyand possible under watchful eye engine specialist concludes series hope has helped some way lot top ics discussed emphasis primarily essentials Most topics could expanded much greater depth enough interest shown personal note course preparing series shocking realization People have hobby several decades such myself take awful lot granted dealing newcomers things second nature never realize never impart novice Perhaps anyone three decades experience should think about repaying debt owe fun have hobby would defi nitely encourage fraternity get involved growth hobby Help new people own way Give building lessons flying lessons con duct clinics seminars tech talks meet ings get involved AMA write articles like Share experience RC Scale/Wischers Continued page 45 descriptive data sheets also has reproductions drawings air craft engines shown 1934 Air Commerce Aircraft Year Book Sixty-one model drawings Paul Lindberg gas rubber-powered Popular via tion magazine listed 54 Earl Stahl Scale plans MAN Air Trails Air Age Catalog price $100 Gleason Enterprises 170429th Ave SE Rt 2 Box 125 Austin MN 55912 Detailed Scale multi-view drawings being produced documentation niodel design Curtiss Jenny JN-4 Taylor Brothers Chummy North American Mustang P-51B C drawings available three scale ratios /16 /14 % /16 ratio drawing size 24 x 36 Jenny drawing represents JN-4 flown Neta Snook used airplane flight training Amelia Earhart Taylor Chummy CG Taylors earli est design led development Cub eventually known Piper Cub its early form airplane open cockpit radial engine Photos Chummy also offered Mustang drawings four sheets made factory blueprints North American documents Aerodynamic Dimensional Data P-s 1 B/C Airplanes details prices send SASE Charles L Neely 2703 E Goshen Ave Visalia CA 93291 Fuel apparatus Providing fuel engine would appear rather simple matter Scale models completely enclosed engine fuel tank may complexities undesirable disassemble airplane fuel servicing portion cowling can made removable provided no objection non-scale lines filler tube becomes accessible full-size air plane already has hatch openings its nose can used fuel supply en trances Most aircraft have no such con venient spots hide necessary plastic tubes therefore obliged search another method airplanes having completely cowled engine run fuel fill vent tubes out bottom rear cowl area cooling air engine normally exhausted pro totype well model small bit tube can seen space isnt really non-scale because full-size planes often have tubes extending battery-box vent fuel tank overflow typical model system now has three tubes tank feed carbure tor two extending downward tank filling venting fuel being pumped model operation connect electric fuel pump lower tube pair entering tank use upper tube air vent fuel begins run vent tube signals full tank avoid spilling fuel length tube can connected vent line carry excess fuel back supply bot tle As tank nears capacity bubbles appear tube signal stopping pump return line bottle pre vents spilling raw fuel grass beneath model Fuel kills grass club field has row dead spots pit area models fueled Aimost us now using muffler pressure tank promote reliable fuel flow adds complication system tee needed vent tube connected muffler tap Unless both fill vent tubes plugged muffler pressure lost engine operating prevent loss insert machine screw 4-40 x 14 tube ends after filling Because electric fuel pump will fill tank faster rate fuel can vented through overflow tube some risk will considerable 142 Model Aviation ROADRI JNNEP 90 SPAN* 60-1 1 2 TO 14 LBS V 95 BALSAPLY---t-DIVE LG $129 ROLLED PRINTS W/MANJAL PP USA PRINTSROLLED W/MAIIJAL $2OU 1/420 X 2 NYLCN BOLTSPAN OR HEX 50-$4 50 PP USA 100-$7 00 PP USA 1/4-32 TAP gbplug PP BULK DISC DUBROROCKET CITYETC 00STENYA FIBER GLASS PUSH RODS PRECISION SAND AND SHAPE With. 4 1/2 Custom Aluminum iN i Extrusion Sanding Block TEE BAREspecially designed small sandingiobs Sander Pack contains 3 sheets assorted die-cut sandpaper Regular lengthDouble length 10 718 21 718 handy useTEE bigger L3AR4 jobs truer surfaces Regular ji Double Self Adhesive Sheet SandpaperEU Customize yourSTUFF sanding like pros 369s 11 sheets per pack 12-medium 12-fine 12-superfie per sheet U Post add 20% Catalog256 LAPPLIED DESIGN CORP 738 Penn St ElSegundo CA90245
Edition: Model Aviation - 1985/05
Page Numbers: 40, 41, 42, 43, 139, 142
Various stock 10-6 props tested two engines picture tech also shown results given Table 6 In given diameter/pitch differences brand anotherand sometimes prop another within brand ntials GLOW PLUGS fire ignition threads engine post pro- coil welded post end process glow engine combination trusion leg battery con- body other compression fuel-air mixture nected insulation seal com- Assuming glow plug has good near TDC heat generated posed dielectric between post seal name brands now glow plug parts typical glow body withstands compression critical part element plug include body outer shell pressures element heating coil fine 006 008 dia wire 40 Model Aviation Left Some tachometers market today use light beam Interruption principle left lathe Master Line $100 upper middle Royal Pro Tach $65 lower middle Futaba Digital $60 right Heathkit Thumb Tach $35 work well higher-priced units have features Right Using tachometer about way check engine prop performance three-part presentation concluded formation about glow plugs start ing batteries propellers fuel care engines Know ledge about things plus items covered earlier will help make opera tion two-cycle glow model engines consistent enjoyable Part 3 John Kilsdonk exposed combustion cham ber wire platinum alloy glows like electric heater suffi cient voltage applied brands models glow plugs may purchased Some have flat coils though have long spiral spring-like coils available different heat ranges various fuel mixtures so-called heat range affected size alloy wire used good rule thumb start what hobby dealer recommends seek advice fellow fliers can experiment different types see what suits best has experience flat-coil glow plugs provide maximum perform ance knowledge flat-coil plugs manufactured under name GloBee performance applications plugs usually provide distinguish able power increase up 500 rpm However plugs carry premium price because special glass seals Glow plugs marked RC Idle Bar conventional plugs small strap band partially covering coil band shields coil element raw fuel low idle engine speeds during transition low high throt tle idle bar plugs generally used throttle-equipped engines should realize though have adverse effect top performance sport applications prob lem Generally idle bar means loss up 500 rpm full throttle readily offset improved reliability idle characteristics Glow plugs also come short long reach Reach refers depth threads body Some englnes especi ally smaller sizes sometimes use shortreach plugs Most modern engines use long-reach plugs Reach specified engine manufacturer About exception certain Cox engines glow plug integral cylinder head entire head must replaced change glow plug ever caught position need short glow plug have long plugs available can make-do helpful hint long glow plug two additiDnal standard copper glow plug w46~ three approximates shorr-vefr pang precise works fine pinch Starting batteries After engine started combustion pross reheats plug element stgteding ion process starting battery can removed no effect engine standard model engine glow plug requires DC voltage least 1 OV delivered plug itself Normally l5V 2OV DC source used ex cess voltage dropped lead wires through rheostat typical glow plug will draw 15 40 amps depending its particular coil wire voltage available plug Refer Table No 5 details voltage source can good bat teryeither dry cell 1 5V Ni-Cd l2V lead-acid 20V popular glow drivers Glow drivers elec tronically drop regulate 12-volt bat tery power voltage Whatever source should capable maintaining minimum 1 OVDC glow plug Starting sources incorporate current meter highly recommended may cost little proper use can save much frus tration meter tells immediately plug burned out no meter indication also can show engine flooded higher nor mal indication have battery system equipped rheostat control current voltage glow plug should apply minimum voltage produce dependable starts Excessive voltage will May 1985 41 electrically strain plug element burn out significantly reducing glow plug life good rule thumb take new plug brand model using slowly increase voltage until can see faint glow average indoor light bright sunlight voltage become visible will excessive mark mentally note position current voltage con trol and/or meter reading flying field remember always use same setting above technique should always done using same lead wires connector arrangement normally use Actually have current voltage control voltage can dropped increasing length lead wires Propeller nomenclature using 10-6 propeller would like know what really means Read first number refers overall length prop diameter inch es second number refers pitch related angle blade Pitch theoretical axial movement prop screw through solid revolution can measured using pitch gauge nothing sophisticated protractor given radius pitch mathematically expressed 2 pi R Tan 0 R radius center prop 0 angle Common wood props machinecontoured hardwood such maple Depending individual piece wood its grain structure wood may deflect unevenly piece piece resulting somewhat different pitch prop prop same brand Molded props course have varia tion seem very consistent exemplify variation particular brand 9-6 wood props use Quickie 500 will have maximum rpm variation same engine low 15200 much 17500 dozen props applica tion look props 16500 17500 rpm range Another factor manufactur er has proprietary blade shape may affect props actual performance show differences ran test using two different engines variety commer cially-available 10-6 props selected ran dom 2000 rpm variation engine 1600 rpm variation other Thats quite difference test results Table No 6 say particular prop bad good rather says 10-6 other size make necessarily same another make 10-6 C addition obvious differences blade shapes also notice variations actual measured pitch will understand first variations exist second should experiment different sizes also dif ferent brands find what works best particular application sport flying prop selection less critical competition However important least unduly overload engine too much prop Table No 4 Part 2 showed some basic starting points particular engine sizes last word props highly rec ommended prop balanced Balanced props ensure minimum vibra tion enhancing engine life improving safety Balancing easy usually requiring few swipes sanding block top heavy blade change diameter blade Prop balancers can purchased few dollars up very sophisticated models about $30 comprehensive article props pitch gauges published August 1975 Model Aviation Fuel several brands fuel may purchased ranging nitro content zero known FAL up 70Vo fuel manufacturer usually claims fuel superior due some par ticular ingredient additive reduce confusion somewhat three basic components model engine glow fuel nitromethane metha nol oil Lets start oil Gasoline-burn ing two-cycle engines chainsaws lawn mowers motorcycles etc use either petroleum-based oil synthet ics Methanol principle ingredient model engine glow fuels will mix petroleum-based oils old standard methanol fuel castor oil derivative extract castor bean refined different grades common Bakers AA An better expensive version labeled Crystal 0 42 Model Aviation Above Two prop pitch gauges left popular Prather model right authors home-built version Pitch gauges Just sophisticated protractors measure prop blade angle Right prop balancers High Point Products $30 probably top line Props should always checked proper balance Other vegetable oils such soy beans used some success early 1960s prominent high-performance competition usage inability castor oil mix high percentages nitro methane using detrimental blend ing agents led development synthetic oils two-cycle engine use Union Carbide front runner field Ucon brands Several other firms have either copied UCs oils pioneered own synthetic oils have several distinct advantages over castor oil First can mixed lower ratios norm castor oil about 25% syn thetics norm about 20% Other advan tages synthetic oil include cleaner burn ing less exhaust residue absence var nishing gumming internal engine parts course improved nitro blendability have using synthetic oils fuel over 20 years disadvantage seems occasional rusting internal iron-based parts can evident hot humid days Because hydroscopic trait attrac tion water methanol condensa tion water vapor air upon engine shut down causes moisture trapped engine Some synthetics themselves have adequate coating characteristics therefore iron alloy parts will rust However newer high-grade synthetic oils have rust inhibitor blendedin rusting generally problem Another initial disadvantage synthet ic oil price although recent times generally par less expensive castor oil Most manufacturers properly blenders model fuel advertise what type oil use fact some advertise blend castor synthetic personal favorite remains pure syn thetic find fuel like stay second ingredient model fuels methanol CH3 OH Methanol alco hol derived various sources such coal decaying vegetation inexpen sive less $1 00/gal effective thing cautious exces sive water content Fuel-quality methanol contains about 1% water third basic ingredient nitro methane CH3NO2 Nitro power additive model fuel very expensive $4000/gal its used sparingly Some fuels contain other ingredients very small percentages ignit ers such propylene oxide amyl nitrate anti-foam agents rust inhibitors What does mean average sport flier fuel labeled 10% generally indicates following 10% nitrometh ane 18 25% oil remaining 65 72% pure methanol ratios refer percent volume Volume ineas urements easier make rea sonably consistent fuel always mixed same temperature Although have no proof suspect some fuel blenders mix fuel weight As nitro methane weighs approximately 25% per given quantity either oil methanol could mean fuel labeled lets say 10% mixed weight equivalent 8% nitro mixed volume Additional suspicions arise several brands fuel same labeled nitro value compared few hun dred rpm difference observed Some might attributed other ingre dientssuch water content nitro puri ty lubricating qualities oil suspicions still focus amount pure nitromethane due its significant price differential ran test some home-brew fuel mixed very carefully various nitro contents using same other ingredients results reflected Table No 7 should note test engine other engines may show varying results Again rule thumb start recommendation experiment different brands nitro contents see what works best About 10 years ago conducted indepth study testing program seve ral oils commercial fuels article published March 1976 Model Aviation Most data still valid Care engines three concerns regarding care model engine first handle between fly ing sessions very good idea lube engine after flying session using petroleum-based lubricant Spraying aerosol such WD-40 carb flipping prop few times excellent few drops oil like 3-in-l probably works just well personal favorite mix 50-50 batch automatic trans Continued page 139 May1985 43 Higni umaul pocKe-sIzs m-.u starting battery clips onto glow plug very popular ana nominally priced built-in meter helps identity starting problems Above An array rechargeable starting batteries L-R Master Line metered Ni-Cd GloBee Fire Plug surplus 5 Ah Ni-Cd McDaniel NI-Starter no-name unit Except surplus Ni-Cd prices range about $25 $40 include chargers Photos author 7 -A 20G500Olympic V System less servos$14995 assembled tuned testedI ACE EtC mnEJ 44hEj V Boo 511E6W 9S Hogne e Mo 64037 8 6 584 7 2 Send $200 goroolete osnalog ACE ten available dealer Order diruot add $200 handliog fee Engines/Kilsdonk Continued page 43 mission fluid cigarette lighter fluid aid small primer bottle actually run engine mixture purpose after-run lubrica tion coat internal parts prevent corrosion provide pre lube next engine start may until next day week longer reason like transmission oil lighter fluid mix run engine mixture residual alcohol methanol burned out Methanol very hydroscopic attracts moisture lighter fluid petro-based igniter will fire engine transmission fluid finest lubricants available containing fine additives along closely-controlled purity use method little tricky usually disconnect fuel line close throttle idle connect starting battery squirt several drops mixture carb start engine Starting way should repeated three four times engine will well lubed Sometimes can keep squirting mixture carb keep engine running 30 seconds Either way Ive found technique satisfactory although somewhat messy engines carbs good idea close barrel after flying leave closed during storage Engines carbs should have piece paper towel stuffed venturi also good idea stuff piece paper towel muffler exhaust openings second concern what prolonged storage such over winter Any above procedures can used either separately combina tion heavier application oil storage plastic bag tied air tight recommended extended storage six months longer third concern what to engine after crash lot additional unnecessary damage can done engine after crash unsuspecting flier Crashes no fun have sooner later happens follow rules First foremost turn over engine rotate crank shaft Carefully remove engine model take off remains prop very carefully remove car buretor cylinder head back plate nothing else Fill small container such coffee can hot tap water add gener ous amount liquid detergent Soak entire engine including removed parts 10 minutes Again turn over engine crankshaft Carefully remove engine flush under tap hot water should remove dirt grit still residual matter repeat soak flush process Sometimes toothbrush pipe cleaner can help Inspect parts obvious damage such bent crankshaft prop drive washer Dont worry too much about bent chipped head fins everything looks OK slowly rotate crankshaft check binding sticking Continued page 142 CHEROKEE Favorite TI R1 fl. C NOW Y-FREE STARTING POWER New completely automatic maintenance system field kit starter batteries No run-down batteries undercharged No boiled-dry batteries overcharged No explosive gasses generated No winter storage problems No attention required tronically maintains full charge JUST CONNECT IT FORGET IT CaRa Products PO Box 221 Canton SD 57013 605 987-5924 SASE information PLUS $3995 $200 ISpecify 6 12 24 voltl May1985 139 UV LYLAPJ Dependability Olympic V Systems important feature Based Silver Sevens proven electronics Oly V gives solid performance can count years Besides dependability Oly has servo reversal switches optional Dual Rates Retract Channel aluminum case transmitter ESV full ni-cds charger system comes less servos can pick number size type require Any positive pulse servos will work Dont trust brand new creation just radio because its inexpensive has lot useless features Count Olympic V give dependability demand Span65Eng.45-60 Area754 sq in4 Channel Send $1 00 latest price list literature Quality RIC Products Since 1960 VK MODEL AIRCRAFT CO 5866 Transit Rd. Depew NY 14043 Phone No1716 684-5555 *ark check*money order please* LARGE SASE FOR PRICE LISt IIA2YXI/7Y •BOX 1686 ER 82520 Engines/KiIsdOflk Continued page 139 dry off engine literally flood oil Carefully reinstall removed parts engine ready run Please note necessary remove piston cylinder crank bearings cases key doing damage engine course physical damage crankcase front cover crankshaft then-further disassembly will necessary should done very carefully methodicallyand possible under watchful eye engine specialist concludes series hope has helped some way lot top ics discussed emphasis primarily essentials Most topics could expanded much greater depth enough interest shown personal note course preparing series shocking realization People have hobby several decades such myself take awful lot granted dealing newcomers things second nature never realize never impart novice Perhaps anyone three decades experience should think about repaying debt owe fun have hobby would defi nitely encourage fraternity get involved growth hobby Help new people own way Give building lessons flying lessons con duct clinics seminars tech talks meet ings get involved AMA write articles like Share experience RC Scale/Wischers Continued page 45 descriptive data sheets also has reproductions drawings air craft engines shown 1934 Air Commerce Aircraft Year Book Sixty-one model drawings Paul Lindberg gas rubber-powered Popular via tion magazine listed 54 Earl Stahl Scale plans MAN Air Trails Air Age Catalog price $100 Gleason Enterprises 170429th Ave SE Rt 2 Box 125 Austin MN 55912 Detailed Scale multi-view drawings being produced documentation niodel design Curtiss Jenny JN-4 Taylor Brothers Chummy North American Mustang P-51B C drawings available three scale ratios /16 /14 % /16 ratio drawing size 24 x 36 Jenny drawing represents JN-4 flown Neta Snook used airplane flight training Amelia Earhart Taylor Chummy CG Taylors earli est design led development Cub eventually known Piper Cub its early form airplane open cockpit radial engine Photos Chummy also offered Mustang drawings four sheets made factory blueprints North American documents Aerodynamic Dimensional Data P-s 1 B/C Airplanes details prices send SASE Charles L Neely 2703 E Goshen Ave Visalia CA 93291 Fuel apparatus Providing fuel engine would appear rather simple matter Scale models completely enclosed engine fuel tank may complexities undesirable disassemble airplane fuel servicing portion cowling can made removable provided no objection non-scale lines filler tube becomes accessible full-size air plane already has hatch openings its nose can used fuel supply en trances Most aircraft have no such con venient spots hide necessary plastic tubes therefore obliged search another method airplanes having completely cowled engine run fuel fill vent tubes out bottom rear cowl area cooling air engine normally exhausted pro totype well model small bit tube can seen space isnt really non-scale because full-size planes often have tubes extending battery-box vent fuel tank overflow typical model system now has three tubes tank feed carbure tor two extending downward tank filling venting fuel being pumped model operation connect electric fuel pump lower tube pair entering tank use upper tube air vent fuel begins run vent tube signals full tank avoid spilling fuel length tube can connected vent line carry excess fuel back supply bot tle As tank nears capacity bubbles appear tube signal stopping pump return line bottle pre vents spilling raw fuel grass beneath model Fuel kills grass club field has row dead spots pit area models fueled Aimost us now using muffler pressure tank promote reliable fuel flow adds complication system tee needed vent tube connected muffler tap Unless both fill vent tubes plugged muffler pressure lost engine operating prevent loss insert machine screw 4-40 x 14 tube ends after filling Because electric fuel pump will fill tank faster rate fuel can vented through overflow tube some risk will considerable 142 Model Aviation ROADRI JNNEP 90 SPAN* 60-1 1 2 TO 14 LBS V 95 BALSAPLY---t-DIVE LG $129 ROLLED PRINTS W/MANJAL PP USA PRINTSROLLED W/MAIIJAL $2OU 1/420 X 2 NYLCN BOLTSPAN OR HEX 50-$4 50 PP USA 100-$7 00 PP USA 1/4-32 TAP gbplug PP BULK DISC DUBROROCKET CITYETC 00STENYA FIBER GLASS PUSH RODS PRECISION SAND AND SHAPE With. 4 1/2 Custom Aluminum iN i Extrusion Sanding Block TEE BAREspecially designed small sandingiobs Sander Pack contains 3 sheets assorted die-cut sandpaper Regular lengthDouble length 10 718 21 718 handy useTEE bigger L3AR4 jobs truer surfaces Regular ji Double Self Adhesive Sheet SandpaperEU Customize yourSTUFF sanding like pros 369s 11 sheets per pack 12-medium 12-fine 12-superfie per sheet U Post add 20% Catalog256 LAPPLIED DESIGN CORP 738 Penn St ElSegundo CA90245
Edition: Model Aviation - 1985/05
Page Numbers: 40, 41, 42, 43, 139, 142
Various stock 10-6 props tested two engines picture tech also shown results given Table 6 In given diameter/pitch differences brand anotherand sometimes prop another within brand ntials GLOW PLUGS fire ignition threads engine post pro- coil welded post end process glow engine combination trusion leg battery con- body other compression fuel-air mixture nected insulation seal com- Assuming glow plug has good near TDC heat generated posed dielectric between post seal name brands now glow plug parts typical glow body withstands compression critical part element plug include body outer shell pressures element heating coil fine 006 008 dia wire 40 Model Aviation Left Some tachometers market today use light beam Interruption principle left lathe Master Line $100 upper middle Royal Pro Tach $65 lower middle Futaba Digital $60 right Heathkit Thumb Tach $35 work well higher-priced units have features Right Using tachometer about way check engine prop performance three-part presentation concluded formation about glow plugs start ing batteries propellers fuel care engines Know ledge about things plus items covered earlier will help make opera tion two-cycle glow model engines consistent enjoyable Part 3 John Kilsdonk exposed combustion cham ber wire platinum alloy glows like electric heater suffi cient voltage applied brands models glow plugs may purchased Some have flat coils though have long spiral spring-like coils available different heat ranges various fuel mixtures so-called heat range affected size alloy wire used good rule thumb start what hobby dealer recommends seek advice fellow fliers can experiment different types see what suits best has experience flat-coil glow plugs provide maximum perform ance knowledge flat-coil plugs manufactured under name GloBee performance applications plugs usually provide distinguish able power increase up 500 rpm However plugs carry premium price because special glass seals Glow plugs marked RC Idle Bar conventional plugs small strap band partially covering coil band shields coil element raw fuel low idle engine speeds during transition low high throt tle idle bar plugs generally used throttle-equipped engines should realize though have adverse effect top performance sport applications prob lem Generally idle bar means loss up 500 rpm full throttle readily offset improved reliability idle characteristics Glow plugs also come short long reach Reach refers depth threads body Some englnes especi ally smaller sizes sometimes use shortreach plugs Most modern engines use long-reach plugs Reach specified engine manufacturer About exception certain Cox engines glow plug integral cylinder head entire head must replaced change glow plug ever caught position need short glow plug have long plugs available can make-do helpful hint long glow plug two additiDnal standard copper glow plug w46~ three approximates shorr-vefr pang precise works fine pinch Starting batteries After engine started combustion pross reheats plug element stgteding ion process starting battery can removed no effect engine standard model engine glow plug requires DC voltage least 1 OV delivered plug itself Normally l5V 2OV DC source used ex cess voltage dropped lead wires through rheostat typical glow plug will draw 15 40 amps depending its particular coil wire voltage available plug Refer Table No 5 details voltage source can good bat teryeither dry cell 1 5V Ni-Cd l2V lead-acid 20V popular glow drivers Glow drivers elec tronically drop regulate 12-volt bat tery power voltage Whatever source should capable maintaining minimum 1 OVDC glow plug Starting sources incorporate current meter highly recommended may cost little proper use can save much frus tration meter tells immediately plug burned out no meter indication also can show engine flooded higher nor mal indication have battery system equipped rheostat control current voltage glow plug should apply minimum voltage produce dependable starts Excessive voltage will May 1985 41 electrically strain plug element burn out significantly reducing glow plug life good rule thumb take new plug brand model using slowly increase voltage until can see faint glow average indoor light bright sunlight voltage become visible will excessive mark mentally note position current voltage con trol and/or meter reading flying field remember always use same setting above technique should always done using same lead wires connector arrangement normally use Actually have current voltage control voltage can dropped increasing length lead wires Propeller nomenclature using 10-6 propeller would like know what really means Read first number refers overall length prop diameter inch es second number refers pitch related angle blade Pitch theoretical axial movement prop screw through solid revolution can measured using pitch gauge nothing sophisticated protractor given radius pitch mathematically expressed 2 pi R Tan 0 R radius center prop 0 angle Common wood props machinecontoured hardwood such maple Depending individual piece wood its grain structure wood may deflect unevenly piece piece resulting somewhat different pitch prop prop same brand Molded props course have varia tion seem very consistent exemplify variation particular brand 9-6 wood props use Quickie 500 will have maximum rpm variation same engine low 15200 much 17500 dozen props applica tion look props 16500 17500 rpm range Another factor manufactur er has proprietary blade shape may affect props actual performance show differences ran test using two different engines variety commer cially-available 10-6 props selected ran dom 2000 rpm variation engine 1600 rpm variation other Thats quite difference test results Table No 6 say particular prop bad good rather says 10-6 other size make necessarily same another make 10-6 C addition obvious differences blade shapes also notice variations actual measured pitch will understand first variations exist second should experiment different sizes also dif ferent brands find what works best particular application sport flying prop selection less critical competition However important least unduly overload engine too much prop Table No 4 Part 2 showed some basic starting points particular engine sizes last word props highly rec ommended prop balanced Balanced props ensure minimum vibra tion enhancing engine life improving safety Balancing easy usually requiring few swipes sanding block top heavy blade change diameter blade Prop balancers can purchased few dollars up very sophisticated models about $30 comprehensive article props pitch gauges published August 1975 Model Aviation Fuel several brands fuel may purchased ranging nitro content zero known FAL up 70Vo fuel manufacturer usually claims fuel superior due some par ticular ingredient additive reduce confusion somewhat three basic components model engine glow fuel nitromethane metha nol oil Lets start oil Gasoline-burn ing two-cycle engines chainsaws lawn mowers motorcycles etc use either petroleum-based oil synthet ics Methanol principle ingredient model engine glow fuels will mix petroleum-based oils old standard methanol fuel castor oil derivative extract castor bean refined different grades common Bakers AA An better expensive version labeled Crystal 0 42 Model Aviation Above Two prop pitch gauges left popular Prather model right authors home-built version Pitch gauges Just sophisticated protractors measure prop blade angle Right prop balancers High Point Products $30 probably top line Props should always checked proper balance Other vegetable oils such soy beans used some success early 1960s prominent high-performance competition usage inability castor oil mix high percentages nitro methane using detrimental blend ing agents led development synthetic oils two-cycle engine use Union Carbide front runner field Ucon brands Several other firms have either copied UCs oils pioneered own synthetic oils have several distinct advantages over castor oil First can mixed lower ratios norm castor oil about 25% syn thetics norm about 20% Other advan tages synthetic oil include cleaner burn ing less exhaust residue absence var nishing gumming internal engine parts course improved nitro blendability have using synthetic oils fuel over 20 years disadvantage seems occasional rusting internal iron-based parts can evident hot humid days Because hydroscopic trait attrac tion water methanol condensa tion water vapor air upon engine shut down causes moisture trapped engine Some synthetics themselves have adequate coating characteristics therefore iron alloy parts will rust However newer high-grade synthetic oils have rust inhibitor blendedin rusting generally problem Another initial disadvantage synthet ic oil price although recent times generally par less expensive castor oil Most manufacturers properly blenders model fuel advertise what type oil use fact some advertise blend castor synthetic personal favorite remains pure syn thetic find fuel like stay second ingredient model fuels methanol CH3 OH Methanol alco hol derived various sources such coal decaying vegetation inexpen sive less $1 00/gal effective thing cautious exces sive water content Fuel-quality methanol contains about 1% water third basic ingredient nitro methane CH3NO2 Nitro power additive model fuel very expensive $4000/gal its used sparingly Some fuels contain other ingredients very small percentages ignit ers such propylene oxide amyl nitrate anti-foam agents rust inhibitors What does mean average sport flier fuel labeled 10% generally indicates following 10% nitrometh ane 18 25% oil remaining 65 72% pure methanol ratios refer percent volume Volume ineas urements easier make rea sonably consistent fuel always mixed same temperature Although have no proof suspect some fuel blenders mix fuel weight As nitro methane weighs approximately 25% per given quantity either oil methanol could mean fuel labeled lets say 10% mixed weight equivalent 8% nitro mixed volume Additional suspicions arise several brands fuel same labeled nitro value compared few hun dred rpm difference observed Some might attributed other ingre dientssuch water content nitro puri ty lubricating qualities oil suspicions still focus amount pure nitromethane due its significant price differential ran test some home-brew fuel mixed very carefully various nitro contents using same other ingredients results reflected Table No 7 should note test engine other engines may show varying results Again rule thumb start recommendation experiment different brands nitro contents see what works best About 10 years ago conducted indepth study testing program seve ral oils commercial fuels article published March 1976 Model Aviation Most data still valid Care engines three concerns regarding care model engine first handle between fly ing sessions very good idea lube engine after flying session using petroleum-based lubricant Spraying aerosol such WD-40 carb flipping prop few times excellent few drops oil like 3-in-l probably works just well personal favorite mix 50-50 batch automatic trans Continued page 139 May1985 43 Higni umaul pocKe-sIzs m-.u starting battery clips onto glow plug very popular ana nominally priced built-in meter helps identity starting problems Above An array rechargeable starting batteries L-R Master Line metered Ni-Cd GloBee Fire Plug surplus 5 Ah Ni-Cd McDaniel NI-Starter no-name unit Except surplus Ni-Cd prices range about $25 $40 include chargers Photos author 7 -A 20G500Olympic V System less servos$14995 assembled tuned testedI ACE EtC mnEJ 44hEj V Boo 511E6W 9S Hogne e Mo 64037 8 6 584 7 2 Send $200 goroolete osnalog ACE ten available dealer Order diruot add $200 handliog fee Engines/Kilsdonk Continued page 43 mission fluid cigarette lighter fluid aid small primer bottle actually run engine mixture purpose after-run lubrica tion coat internal parts prevent corrosion provide pre lube next engine start may until next day week longer reason like transmission oil lighter fluid mix run engine mixture residual alcohol methanol burned out Methanol very hydroscopic attracts moisture lighter fluid petro-based igniter will fire engine transmission fluid finest lubricants available containing fine additives along closely-controlled purity use method little tricky usually disconnect fuel line close throttle idle connect starting battery squirt several drops mixture carb start engine Starting way should repeated three four times engine will well lubed Sometimes can keep squirting mixture carb keep engine running 30 seconds Either way Ive found technique satisfactory although somewhat messy engines carbs good idea close barrel after flying leave closed during storage Engines carbs should have piece paper towel stuffed venturi also good idea stuff piece paper towel muffler exhaust openings second concern what prolonged storage such over winter Any above procedures can used either separately combina tion heavier application oil storage plastic bag tied air tight recommended extended storage six months longer third concern what to engine after crash lot additional unnecessary damage can done engine after crash unsuspecting flier Crashes no fun have sooner later happens follow rules First foremost turn over engine rotate crank shaft Carefully remove engine model take off remains prop very carefully remove car buretor cylinder head back plate nothing else Fill small container such coffee can hot tap water add gener ous amount liquid detergent Soak entire engine including removed parts 10 minutes Again turn over engine crankshaft Carefully remove engine flush under tap hot water should remove dirt grit still residual matter repeat soak flush process Sometimes toothbrush pipe cleaner can help Inspect parts obvious damage such bent crankshaft prop drive washer Dont worry too much about bent chipped head fins everything looks OK slowly rotate crankshaft check binding sticking Continued page 142 CHEROKEE Favorite TI R1 fl. C NOW Y-FREE STARTING POWER New completely automatic maintenance system field kit starter batteries No run-down batteries undercharged No boiled-dry batteries overcharged No explosive gasses generated No winter storage problems No attention required tronically maintains full charge JUST CONNECT IT FORGET IT CaRa Products PO Box 221 Canton SD 57013 605 987-5924 SASE information PLUS $3995 $200 ISpecify 6 12 24 voltl May1985 139 UV LYLAPJ Dependability Olympic V Systems important feature Based Silver Sevens proven electronics Oly V gives solid performance can count years Besides dependability Oly has servo reversal switches optional Dual Rates Retract Channel aluminum case transmitter ESV full ni-cds charger system comes less servos can pick number size type require Any positive pulse servos will work Dont trust brand new creation just radio because its inexpensive has lot useless features Count Olympic V give dependability demand Span65Eng.45-60 Area754 sq in4 Channel Send $1 00 latest price list literature Quality RIC Products Since 1960 VK MODEL AIRCRAFT CO 5866 Transit Rd. Depew NY 14043 Phone No1716 684-5555 *ark check*money order please* LARGE SASE FOR PRICE LISt IIA2YXI/7Y •BOX 1686 ER 82520 Engines/KiIsdOflk Continued page 139 dry off engine literally flood oil Carefully reinstall removed parts engine ready run Please note necessary remove piston cylinder crank bearings cases key doing damage engine course physical damage crankcase front cover crankshaft then-further disassembly will necessary should done very carefully methodicallyand possible under watchful eye engine specialist concludes series hope has helped some way lot top ics discussed emphasis primarily essentials Most topics could expanded much greater depth enough interest shown personal note course preparing series shocking realization People have hobby several decades such myself take awful lot granted dealing newcomers things second nature never realize never impart novice Perhaps anyone three decades experience should think about repaying debt owe fun have hobby would defi nitely encourage fraternity get involved growth hobby Help new people own way Give building lessons flying lessons con duct clinics seminars tech talks meet ings get involved AMA write articles like Share experience RC Scale/Wischers Continued page 45 descriptive data sheets also has reproductions drawings air craft engines shown 1934 Air Commerce Aircraft Year Book Sixty-one model drawings Paul Lindberg gas rubber-powered Popular via tion magazine listed 54 Earl Stahl Scale plans MAN Air Trails Air Age Catalog price $100 Gleason Enterprises 170429th Ave SE Rt 2 Box 125 Austin MN 55912 Detailed Scale multi-view drawings being produced documentation niodel design Curtiss Jenny JN-4 Taylor Brothers Chummy North American Mustang P-51B C drawings available three scale ratios /16 /14 % /16 ratio drawing size 24 x 36 Jenny drawing represents JN-4 flown Neta Snook used airplane flight training Amelia Earhart Taylor Chummy CG Taylors earli est design led development Cub eventually known Piper Cub its early form airplane open cockpit radial engine Photos Chummy also offered Mustang drawings four sheets made factory blueprints North American documents Aerodynamic Dimensional Data P-s 1 B/C Airplanes details prices send SASE Charles L Neely 2703 E Goshen Ave Visalia CA 93291 Fuel apparatus Providing fuel engine would appear rather simple matter Scale models completely enclosed engine fuel tank may complexities undesirable disassemble airplane fuel servicing portion cowling can made removable provided no objection non-scale lines filler tube becomes accessible full-size air plane already has hatch openings its nose can used fuel supply en trances Most aircraft have no such con venient spots hide necessary plastic tubes therefore obliged search another method airplanes having completely cowled engine run fuel fill vent tubes out bottom rear cowl area cooling air engine normally exhausted pro totype well model small bit tube can seen space isnt really non-scale because full-size planes often have tubes extending battery-box vent fuel tank overflow typical model system now has three tubes tank feed carbure tor two extending downward tank filling venting fuel being pumped model operation connect electric fuel pump lower tube pair entering tank use upper tube air vent fuel begins run vent tube signals full tank avoid spilling fuel length tube can connected vent line carry excess fuel back supply bot tle As tank nears capacity bubbles appear tube signal stopping pump return line bottle pre vents spilling raw fuel grass beneath model Fuel kills grass club field has row dead spots pit area models fueled Aimost us now using muffler pressure tank promote reliable fuel flow adds complication system tee needed vent tube connected muffler tap Unless both fill vent tubes plugged muffler pressure lost engine operating prevent loss insert machine screw 4-40 x 14 tube ends after filling Because electric fuel pump will fill tank faster rate fuel can vented through overflow tube some risk will considerable 142 Model Aviation ROADRI JNNEP 90 SPAN* 60-1 1 2 TO 14 LBS V 95 BALSAPLY---t-DIVE LG $129 ROLLED PRINTS W/MANJAL PP USA PRINTSROLLED W/MAIIJAL $2OU 1/420 X 2 NYLCN BOLTSPAN OR HEX 50-$4 50 PP USA 100-$7 00 PP USA 1/4-32 TAP gbplug PP BULK DISC DUBROROCKET CITYETC 00STENYA FIBER GLASS PUSH RODS PRECISION SAND AND SHAPE With. 4 1/2 Custom Aluminum iN i Extrusion Sanding Block TEE BAREspecially designed small sandingiobs Sander Pack contains 3 sheets assorted die-cut sandpaper Regular lengthDouble length 10 718 21 718 handy useTEE bigger L3AR4 jobs truer surfaces Regular ji Double Self Adhesive Sheet SandpaperEU Customize yourSTUFF sanding like pros 369s 11 sheets per pack 12-medium 12-fine 12-superfie per sheet U Post add 20% Catalog256 LAPPLIED DESIGN CORP 738 Penn St ElSegundo CA90245
Edition: Model Aviation - 1985/05
Page Numbers: 40, 41, 42, 43, 139, 142
Various stock 10-6 props tested two engines picture tech also shown results given Table 6 In given diameter/pitch differences brand anotherand sometimes prop another within brand ntials GLOW PLUGS fire ignition threads engine post pro- coil welded post end process glow engine combination trusion leg battery con- body other compression fuel-air mixture nected insulation seal com- Assuming glow plug has good near TDC heat generated posed dielectric between post seal name brands now glow plug parts typical glow body withstands compression critical part element plug include body outer shell pressures element heating coil fine 006 008 dia wire 40 Model Aviation Left Some tachometers market today use light beam Interruption principle left lathe Master Line $100 upper middle Royal Pro Tach $65 lower middle Futaba Digital $60 right Heathkit Thumb Tach $35 work well higher-priced units have features Right Using tachometer about way check engine prop performance three-part presentation concluded formation about glow plugs start ing batteries propellers fuel care engines Know ledge about things plus items covered earlier will help make opera tion two-cycle glow model engines consistent enjoyable Part 3 John Kilsdonk exposed combustion cham ber wire platinum alloy glows like electric heater suffi cient voltage applied brands models glow plugs may purchased Some have flat coils though have long spiral spring-like coils available different heat ranges various fuel mixtures so-called heat range affected size alloy wire used good rule thumb start what hobby dealer recommends seek advice fellow fliers can experiment different types see what suits best has experience flat-coil glow plugs provide maximum perform ance knowledge flat-coil plugs manufactured under name GloBee performance applications plugs usually provide distinguish able power increase up 500 rpm However plugs carry premium price because special glass seals Glow plugs marked RC Idle Bar conventional plugs small strap band partially covering coil band shields coil element raw fuel low idle engine speeds during transition low high throt tle idle bar plugs generally used throttle-equipped engines should realize though have adverse effect top performance sport applications prob lem Generally idle bar means loss up 500 rpm full throttle readily offset improved reliability idle characteristics Glow plugs also come short long reach Reach refers depth threads body Some englnes especi ally smaller sizes sometimes use shortreach plugs Most modern engines use long-reach plugs Reach specified engine manufacturer About exception certain Cox engines glow plug integral cylinder head entire head must replaced change glow plug ever caught position need short glow plug have long plugs available can make-do helpful hint long glow plug two additiDnal standard copper glow plug w46~ three approximates shorr-vefr pang precise works fine pinch Starting batteries After engine started combustion pross reheats plug element stgteding ion process starting battery can removed no effect engine standard model engine glow plug requires DC voltage least 1 OV delivered plug itself Normally l5V 2OV DC source used ex cess voltage dropped lead wires through rheostat typical glow plug will draw 15 40 amps depending its particular coil wire voltage available plug Refer Table No 5 details voltage source can good bat teryeither dry cell 1 5V Ni-Cd l2V lead-acid 20V popular glow drivers Glow drivers elec tronically drop regulate 12-volt bat tery power voltage Whatever source should capable maintaining minimum 1 OVDC glow plug Starting sources incorporate current meter highly recommended may cost little proper use can save much frus tration meter tells immediately plug burned out no meter indication also can show engine flooded higher nor mal indication have battery system equipped rheostat control current voltage glow plug should apply minimum voltage produce dependable starts Excessive voltage will May 1985 41 electrically strain plug element burn out significantly reducing glow plug life good rule thumb take new plug brand model using slowly increase voltage until can see faint glow average indoor light bright sunlight voltage become visible will excessive mark mentally note position current voltage con trol and/or meter reading flying field remember always use same setting above technique should always done using same lead wires connector arrangement normally use Actually have current voltage control voltage can dropped increasing length lead wires Propeller nomenclature using 10-6 propeller would like know what really means Read first number refers overall length prop diameter inch es second number refers pitch related angle blade Pitch theoretical axial movement prop screw through solid revolution can measured using pitch gauge nothing sophisticated protractor given radius pitch mathematically expressed 2 pi R Tan 0 R radius center prop 0 angle Common wood props machinecontoured hardwood such maple Depending individual piece wood its grain structure wood may deflect unevenly piece piece resulting somewhat different pitch prop prop same brand Molded props course have varia tion seem very consistent exemplify variation particular brand 9-6 wood props use Quickie 500 will have maximum rpm variation same engine low 15200 much 17500 dozen props applica tion look props 16500 17500 rpm range Another factor manufactur er has proprietary blade shape may affect props actual performance show differences ran test using two different engines variety commer cially-available 10-6 props selected ran dom 2000 rpm variation engine 1600 rpm variation other Thats quite difference test results Table No 6 say particular prop bad good rather says 10-6 other size make necessarily same another make 10-6 C addition obvious differences blade shapes also notice variations actual measured pitch will understand first variations exist second should experiment different sizes also dif ferent brands find what works best particular application sport flying prop selection less critical competition However important least unduly overload engine too much prop Table No 4 Part 2 showed some basic starting points particular engine sizes last word props highly rec ommended prop balanced Balanced props ensure minimum vibra tion enhancing engine life improving safety Balancing easy usually requiring few swipes sanding block top heavy blade change diameter blade Prop balancers can purchased few dollars up very sophisticated models about $30 comprehensive article props pitch gauges published August 1975 Model Aviation Fuel several brands fuel may purchased ranging nitro content zero known FAL up 70Vo fuel manufacturer usually claims fuel superior due some par ticular ingredient additive reduce confusion somewhat three basic components model engine glow fuel nitromethane metha nol oil Lets start oil Gasoline-burn ing two-cycle engines chainsaws lawn mowers motorcycles etc use either petroleum-based oil synthet ics Methanol principle ingredient model engine glow fuels will mix petroleum-based oils old standard methanol fuel castor oil derivative extract castor bean refined different grades common Bakers AA An better expensive version labeled Crystal 0 42 Model Aviation Above Two prop pitch gauges left popular Prather model right authors home-built version Pitch gauges Just sophisticated protractors measure prop blade angle Right prop balancers High Point Products $30 probably top line Props should always checked proper balance Other vegetable oils such soy beans used some success early 1960s prominent high-performance competition usage inability castor oil mix high percentages nitro methane using detrimental blend ing agents led development synthetic oils two-cycle engine use Union Carbide front runner field Ucon brands Several other firms have either copied UCs oils pioneered own synthetic oils have several distinct advantages over castor oil First can mixed lower ratios norm castor oil about 25% syn thetics norm about 20% Other advan tages synthetic oil include cleaner burn ing less exhaust residue absence var nishing gumming internal engine parts course improved nitro blendability have using synthetic oils fuel over 20 years disadvantage seems occasional rusting internal iron-based parts can evident hot humid days Because hydroscopic trait attrac tion water methanol condensa tion water vapor air upon engine shut down causes moisture trapped engine Some synthetics themselves have adequate coating characteristics therefore iron alloy parts will rust However newer high-grade synthetic oils have rust inhibitor blendedin rusting generally problem Another initial disadvantage synthet ic oil price although recent times generally par less expensive castor oil Most manufacturers properly blenders model fuel advertise what type oil use fact some advertise blend castor synthetic personal favorite remains pure syn thetic find fuel like stay second ingredient model fuels methanol CH3 OH Methanol alco hol derived various sources such coal decaying vegetation inexpen sive less $1 00/gal effective thing cautious exces sive water content Fuel-quality methanol contains about 1% water third basic ingredient nitro methane CH3NO2 Nitro power additive model fuel very expensive $4000/gal its used sparingly Some fuels contain other ingredients very small percentages ignit ers such propylene oxide amyl nitrate anti-foam agents rust inhibitors What does mean average sport flier fuel labeled 10% generally indicates following 10% nitrometh ane 18 25% oil remaining 65 72% pure methanol ratios refer percent volume Volume ineas urements easier make rea sonably consistent fuel always mixed same temperature Although have no proof suspect some fuel blenders mix fuel weight As nitro methane weighs approximately 25% per given quantity either oil methanol could mean fuel labeled lets say 10% mixed weight equivalent 8% nitro mixed volume Additional suspicions arise several brands fuel same labeled nitro value compared few hun dred rpm difference observed Some might attributed other ingre dientssuch water content nitro puri ty lubricating qualities oil suspicions still focus amount pure nitromethane due its significant price differential ran test some home-brew fuel mixed very carefully various nitro contents using same other ingredients results reflected Table No 7 should note test engine other engines may show varying results Again rule thumb start recommendation experiment different brands nitro contents see what works best About 10 years ago conducted indepth study testing program seve ral oils commercial fuels article published March 1976 Model Aviation Most data still valid Care engines three concerns regarding care model engine first handle between fly ing sessions very good idea lube engine after flying session using petroleum-based lubricant Spraying aerosol such WD-40 carb flipping prop few times excellent few drops oil like 3-in-l probably works just well personal favorite mix 50-50 batch automatic trans Continued page 139 May1985 43 Higni umaul pocKe-sIzs m-.u starting battery clips onto glow plug very popular ana nominally priced built-in meter helps identity starting problems Above An array rechargeable starting batteries L-R Master Line metered Ni-Cd GloBee Fire Plug surplus 5 Ah Ni-Cd McDaniel NI-Starter no-name unit Except surplus Ni-Cd prices range about $25 $40 include chargers Photos author 7 -A 20G500Olympic V System less servos$14995 assembled tuned testedI ACE EtC mnEJ 44hEj V Boo 511E6W 9S Hogne e Mo 64037 8 6 584 7 2 Send $200 goroolete osnalog ACE ten available dealer Order diruot add $200 handliog fee Engines/Kilsdonk Continued page 43 mission fluid cigarette lighter fluid aid small primer bottle actually run engine mixture purpose after-run lubrica tion coat internal parts prevent corrosion provide pre lube next engine start may until next day week longer reason like transmission oil lighter fluid mix run engine mixture residual alcohol methanol burned out Methanol very hydroscopic attracts moisture lighter fluid petro-based igniter will fire engine transmission fluid finest lubricants available containing fine additives along closely-controlled purity use method little tricky usually disconnect fuel line close throttle idle connect starting battery squirt several drops mixture carb start engine Starting way should repeated three four times engine will well lubed Sometimes can keep squirting mixture carb keep engine running 30 seconds Either way Ive found technique satisfactory although somewhat messy engines carbs good idea close barrel after flying leave closed during storage Engines carbs should have piece paper towel stuffed venturi also good idea stuff piece paper towel muffler exhaust openings second concern what prolonged storage such over winter Any above procedures can used either separately combina tion heavier application oil storage plastic bag tied air tight recommended extended storage six months longer third concern what to engine after crash lot additional unnecessary damage can done engine after crash unsuspecting flier Crashes no fun have sooner later happens follow rules First foremost turn over engine rotate crank shaft Carefully remove engine model take off remains prop very carefully remove car buretor cylinder head back plate nothing else Fill small container such coffee can hot tap water add gener ous amount liquid detergent Soak entire engine including removed parts 10 minutes Again turn over engine crankshaft Carefully remove engine flush under tap hot water should remove dirt grit still residual matter repeat soak flush process Sometimes toothbrush pipe cleaner can help Inspect parts obvious damage such bent crankshaft prop drive washer Dont worry too much about bent chipped head fins everything looks OK slowly rotate crankshaft check binding sticking Continued page 142 CHEROKEE Favorite TI R1 fl. C NOW Y-FREE STARTING POWER New completely automatic maintenance system field kit starter batteries No run-down batteries undercharged No boiled-dry batteries overcharged No explosive gasses generated No winter storage problems No attention required tronically maintains full charge JUST CONNECT IT FORGET IT CaRa Products PO Box 221 Canton SD 57013 605 987-5924 SASE information PLUS $3995 $200 ISpecify 6 12 24 voltl May1985 139 UV LYLAPJ Dependability Olympic V Systems important feature Based Silver Sevens proven electronics Oly V gives solid performance can count years Besides dependability Oly has servo reversal switches optional Dual Rates Retract Channel aluminum case transmitter ESV full ni-cds charger system comes less servos can pick number size type require Any positive pulse servos will work Dont trust brand new creation just radio because its inexpensive has lot useless features Count Olympic V give dependability demand Span65Eng.45-60 Area754 sq in4 Channel Send $1 00 latest price list literature Quality RIC Products Since 1960 VK MODEL AIRCRAFT CO 5866 Transit Rd. Depew NY 14043 Phone No1716 684-5555 *ark check*money order please* LARGE SASE FOR PRICE LISt IIA2YXI/7Y •BOX 1686 ER 82520 Engines/KiIsdOflk Continued page 139 dry off engine literally flood oil Carefully reinstall removed parts engine ready run Please note necessary remove piston cylinder crank bearings cases key doing damage engine course physical damage crankcase front cover crankshaft then-further disassembly will necessary should done very carefully methodicallyand possible under watchful eye engine specialist concludes series hope has helped some way lot top ics discussed emphasis primarily essentials Most topics could expanded much greater depth enough interest shown personal note course preparing series shocking realization People have hobby several decades such myself take awful lot granted dealing newcomers things second nature never realize never impart novice Perhaps anyone three decades experience should think about repaying debt owe fun have hobby would defi nitely encourage fraternity get involved growth hobby Help new people own way Give building lessons flying lessons con duct clinics seminars tech talks meet ings get involved AMA write articles like Share experience RC Scale/Wischers Continued page 45 descriptive data sheets also has reproductions drawings air craft engines shown 1934 Air Commerce Aircraft Year Book Sixty-one model drawings Paul Lindberg gas rubber-powered Popular via tion magazine listed 54 Earl Stahl Scale plans MAN Air Trails Air Age Catalog price $100 Gleason Enterprises 170429th Ave SE Rt 2 Box 125 Austin MN 55912 Detailed Scale multi-view drawings being produced documentation niodel design Curtiss Jenny JN-4 Taylor Brothers Chummy North American Mustang P-51B C drawings available three scale ratios /16 /14 % /16 ratio drawing size 24 x 36 Jenny drawing represents JN-4 flown Neta Snook used airplane flight training Amelia Earhart Taylor Chummy CG Taylors earli est design led development Cub eventually known Piper Cub its early form airplane open cockpit radial engine Photos Chummy also offered Mustang drawings four sheets made factory blueprints North American documents Aerodynamic Dimensional Data P-s 1 B/C Airplanes details prices send SASE Charles L Neely 2703 E Goshen Ave Visalia CA 93291 Fuel apparatus Providing fuel engine would appear rather simple matter Scale models completely enclosed engine fuel tank may complexities undesirable disassemble airplane fuel servicing portion cowling can made removable provided no objection non-scale lines filler tube becomes accessible full-size air plane already has hatch openings its nose can used fuel supply en trances Most aircraft have no such con venient spots hide necessary plastic tubes therefore obliged search another method airplanes having completely cowled engine run fuel fill vent tubes out bottom rear cowl area cooling air engine normally exhausted pro totype well model small bit tube can seen space isnt really non-scale because full-size planes often have tubes extending battery-box vent fuel tank overflow typical model system now has three tubes tank feed carbure tor two extending downward tank filling venting fuel being pumped model operation connect electric fuel pump lower tube pair entering tank use upper tube air vent fuel begins run vent tube signals full tank avoid spilling fuel length tube can connected vent line carry excess fuel back supply bot tle As tank nears capacity bubbles appear tube signal stopping pump return line bottle pre vents spilling raw fuel grass beneath model Fuel kills grass club field has row dead spots pit area models fueled Aimost us now using muffler pressure tank promote reliable fuel flow adds complication system tee needed vent tube connected muffler tap Unless both fill vent tubes plugged muffler pressure lost engine operating prevent loss insert machine screw 4-40 x 14 tube ends after filling Because electric fuel pump will fill tank faster rate fuel can vented through overflow tube some risk will considerable 142 Model Aviation ROADRI JNNEP 90 SPAN* 60-1 1 2 TO 14 LBS V 95 BALSAPLY---t-DIVE LG $129 ROLLED PRINTS W/MANJAL PP USA PRINTSROLLED W/MAIIJAL $2OU 1/420 X 2 NYLCN BOLTSPAN OR HEX 50-$4 50 PP USA 100-$7 00 PP USA 1/4-32 TAP gbplug PP BULK DISC DUBROROCKET CITYETC 00STENYA FIBER GLASS PUSH RODS PRECISION SAND AND SHAPE With. 4 1/2 Custom Aluminum iN i Extrusion Sanding Block TEE BAREspecially designed small sandingiobs Sander Pack contains 3 sheets assorted die-cut sandpaper Regular lengthDouble length 10 718 21 718 handy useTEE bigger L3AR4 jobs truer surfaces Regular ji Double Self Adhesive Sheet SandpaperEU Customize yourSTUFF sanding like pros 369s 11 sheets per pack 12-medium 12-fine 12-superfie per sheet U Post add 20% Catalog256 LAPPLIED DESIGN CORP 738 Penn St ElSegundo CA90245
Edition: Model Aviation - 1985/05
Page Numbers: 40, 41, 42, 43, 139, 142
Various stock 10-6 props tested two engines picture tech also shown results given Table 6 In given diameter/pitch differences brand anotherand sometimes prop another within brand ntials GLOW PLUGS fire ignition threads engine post pro- coil welded post end process glow engine combination trusion leg battery con- body other compression fuel-air mixture nected insulation seal com- Assuming glow plug has good near TDC heat generated posed dielectric between post seal name brands now glow plug parts typical glow body withstands compression critical part element plug include body outer shell pressures element heating coil fine 006 008 dia wire 40 Model Aviation Left Some tachometers market today use light beam Interruption principle left lathe Master Line $100 upper middle Royal Pro Tach $65 lower middle Futaba Digital $60 right Heathkit Thumb Tach $35 work well higher-priced units have features Right Using tachometer about way check engine prop performance three-part presentation concluded formation about glow plugs start ing batteries propellers fuel care engines Know ledge about things plus items covered earlier will help make opera tion two-cycle glow model engines consistent enjoyable Part 3 John Kilsdonk exposed combustion cham ber wire platinum alloy glows like electric heater suffi cient voltage applied brands models glow plugs may purchased Some have flat coils though have long spiral spring-like coils available different heat ranges various fuel mixtures so-called heat range affected size alloy wire used good rule thumb start what hobby dealer recommends seek advice fellow fliers can experiment different types see what suits best has experience flat-coil glow plugs provide maximum perform ance knowledge flat-coil plugs manufactured under name GloBee performance applications plugs usually provide distinguish able power increase up 500 rpm However plugs carry premium price because special glass seals Glow plugs marked RC Idle Bar conventional plugs small strap band partially covering coil band shields coil element raw fuel low idle engine speeds during transition low high throt tle idle bar plugs generally used throttle-equipped engines should realize though have adverse effect top performance sport applications prob lem Generally idle bar means loss up 500 rpm full throttle readily offset improved reliability idle characteristics Glow plugs also come short long reach Reach refers depth threads body Some englnes especi ally smaller sizes sometimes use shortreach plugs Most modern engines use long-reach plugs Reach specified engine manufacturer About exception certain Cox engines glow plug integral cylinder head entire head must replaced change glow plug ever caught position need short glow plug have long plugs available can make-do helpful hint long glow plug two additiDnal standard copper glow plug w46~ three approximates shorr-vefr pang precise works fine pinch Starting batteries After engine started combustion pross reheats plug element stgteding ion process starting battery can removed no effect engine standard model engine glow plug requires DC voltage least 1 OV delivered plug itself Normally l5V 2OV DC source used ex cess voltage dropped lead wires through rheostat typical glow plug will draw 15 40 amps depending its particular coil wire voltage available plug Refer Table No 5 details voltage source can good bat teryeither dry cell 1 5V Ni-Cd l2V lead-acid 20V popular glow drivers Glow drivers elec tronically drop regulate 12-volt bat tery power voltage Whatever source should capable maintaining minimum 1 OVDC glow plug Starting sources incorporate current meter highly recommended may cost little proper use can save much frus tration meter tells immediately plug burned out no meter indication also can show engine flooded higher nor mal indication have battery system equipped rheostat control current voltage glow plug should apply minimum voltage produce dependable starts Excessive voltage will May 1985 41 electrically strain plug element burn out significantly reducing glow plug life good rule thumb take new plug brand model using slowly increase voltage until can see faint glow average indoor light bright sunlight voltage become visible will excessive mark mentally note position current voltage con trol and/or meter reading flying field remember always use same setting above technique should always done using same lead wires connector arrangement normally use Actually have current voltage control voltage can dropped increasing length lead wires Propeller nomenclature using 10-6 propeller would like know what really means Read first number refers overall length prop diameter inch es second number refers pitch related angle blade Pitch theoretical axial movement prop screw through solid revolution can measured using pitch gauge nothing sophisticated protractor given radius pitch mathematically expressed 2 pi R Tan 0 R radius center prop 0 angle Common wood props machinecontoured hardwood such maple Depending individual piece wood its grain structure wood may deflect unevenly piece piece resulting somewhat different pitch prop prop same brand Molded props course have varia tion seem very consistent exemplify variation particular brand 9-6 wood props use Quickie 500 will have maximum rpm variation same engine low 15200 much 17500 dozen props applica tion look props 16500 17500 rpm range Another factor manufactur er has proprietary blade shape may affect props actual performance show differences ran test using two different engines variety commer cially-available 10-6 props selected ran dom 2000 rpm variation engine 1600 rpm variation other Thats quite difference test results Table No 6 say particular prop bad good rather says 10-6 other size make necessarily same another make 10-6 C addition obvious differences blade shapes also notice variations actual measured pitch will understand first variations exist second should experiment different sizes also dif ferent brands find what works best particular application sport flying prop selection less critical competition However important least unduly overload engine too much prop Table No 4 Part 2 showed some basic starting points particular engine sizes last word props highly rec ommended prop balanced Balanced props ensure minimum vibra tion enhancing engine life improving safety Balancing easy usually requiring few swipes sanding block top heavy blade change diameter blade Prop balancers can purchased few dollars up very sophisticated models about $30 comprehensive article props pitch gauges published August 1975 Model Aviation Fuel several brands fuel may purchased ranging nitro content zero known FAL up 70Vo fuel manufacturer usually claims fuel superior due some par ticular ingredient additive reduce confusion somewhat three basic components model engine glow fuel nitromethane metha nol oil Lets start oil Gasoline-burn ing two-cycle engines chainsaws lawn mowers motorcycles etc use either petroleum-based oil synthet ics Methanol principle ingredient model engine glow fuels will mix petroleum-based oils old standard methanol fuel castor oil derivative extract castor bean refined different grades common Bakers AA An better expensive version labeled Crystal 0 42 Model Aviation Above Two prop pitch gauges left popular Prather model right authors home-built version Pitch gauges Just sophisticated protractors measure prop blade angle Right prop balancers High Point Products $30 probably top line Props should always checked proper balance Other vegetable oils such soy beans used some success early 1960s prominent high-performance competition usage inability castor oil mix high percentages nitro methane using detrimental blend ing agents led development synthetic oils two-cycle engine use Union Carbide front runner field Ucon brands Several other firms have either copied UCs oils pioneered own synthetic oils have several distinct advantages over castor oil First can mixed lower ratios norm castor oil about 25% syn thetics norm about 20% Other advan tages synthetic oil include cleaner burn ing less exhaust residue absence var nishing gumming internal engine parts course improved nitro blendability have using synthetic oils fuel over 20 years disadvantage seems occasional rusting internal iron-based parts can evident hot humid days Because hydroscopic trait attrac tion water methanol condensa tion water vapor air upon engine shut down causes moisture trapped engine Some synthetics themselves have adequate coating characteristics therefore iron alloy parts will rust However newer high-grade synthetic oils have rust inhibitor blendedin rusting generally problem Another initial disadvantage synthet ic oil price although recent times generally par less expensive castor oil Most manufacturers properly blenders model fuel advertise what type oil use fact some advertise blend castor synthetic personal favorite remains pure syn thetic find fuel like stay second ingredient model fuels methanol CH3 OH Methanol alco hol derived various sources such coal decaying vegetation inexpen sive less $1 00/gal effective thing cautious exces sive water content Fuel-quality methanol contains about 1% water third basic ingredient nitro methane CH3NO2 Nitro power additive model fuel very expensive $4000/gal its used sparingly Some fuels contain other ingredients very small percentages ignit ers such propylene oxide amyl nitrate anti-foam agents rust inhibitors What does mean average sport flier fuel labeled 10% generally indicates following 10% nitrometh ane 18 25% oil remaining 65 72% pure methanol ratios refer percent volume Volume ineas urements easier make rea sonably consistent fuel always mixed same temperature Although have no proof suspect some fuel blenders mix fuel weight As nitro methane weighs approximately 25% per given quantity either oil methanol could mean fuel labeled lets say 10% mixed weight equivalent 8% nitro mixed volume Additional suspicions arise several brands fuel same labeled nitro value compared few hun dred rpm difference observed Some might attributed other ingre dientssuch water content nitro puri ty lubricating qualities oil suspicions still focus amount pure nitromethane due its significant price differential ran test some home-brew fuel mixed very carefully various nitro contents using same other ingredients results reflected Table No 7 should note test engine other engines may show varying results Again rule thumb start recommendation experiment different brands nitro contents see what works best About 10 years ago conducted indepth study testing program seve ral oils commercial fuels article published March 1976 Model Aviation Most data still valid Care engines three concerns regarding care model engine first handle between fly ing sessions very good idea lube engine after flying session using petroleum-based lubricant Spraying aerosol such WD-40 carb flipping prop few times excellent few drops oil like 3-in-l probably works just well personal favorite mix 50-50 batch automatic trans Continued page 139 May1985 43 Higni umaul pocKe-sIzs m-.u starting battery clips onto glow plug very popular ana nominally priced built-in meter helps identity starting problems Above An array rechargeable starting batteries L-R Master Line metered Ni-Cd GloBee Fire Plug surplus 5 Ah Ni-Cd McDaniel NI-Starter no-name unit Except surplus Ni-Cd prices range about $25 $40 include chargers Photos author 7 -A 20G500Olympic V System less servos$14995 assembled tuned testedI ACE EtC mnEJ 44hEj V Boo 511E6W 9S Hogne e Mo 64037 8 6 584 7 2 Send $200 goroolete osnalog ACE ten available dealer Order diruot add $200 handliog fee Engines/Kilsdonk Continued page 43 mission fluid cigarette lighter fluid aid small primer bottle actually run engine mixture purpose after-run lubrica tion coat internal parts prevent corrosion provide pre lube next engine start may until next day week longer reason like transmission oil lighter fluid mix run engine mixture residual alcohol methanol burned out Methanol very hydroscopic attracts moisture lighter fluid petro-based igniter will fire engine transmission fluid finest lubricants available containing fine additives along closely-controlled purity use method little tricky usually disconnect fuel line close throttle idle connect starting battery squirt several drops mixture carb start engine Starting way should repeated three four times engine will well lubed Sometimes can keep squirting mixture carb keep engine running 30 seconds Either way Ive found technique satisfactory although somewhat messy engines carbs good idea close barrel after flying leave closed during storage Engines carbs should have piece paper towel stuffed venturi also good idea stuff piece paper towel muffler exhaust openings second concern what prolonged storage such over winter Any above procedures can used either separately combina tion heavier application oil storage plastic bag tied air tight recommended extended storage six months longer third concern what to engine after crash lot additional unnecessary damage can done engine after crash unsuspecting flier Crashes no fun have sooner later happens follow rules First foremost turn over engine rotate crank shaft Carefully remove engine model take off remains prop very carefully remove car buretor cylinder head back plate nothing else Fill small container such coffee can hot tap water add gener ous amount liquid detergent Soak entire engine including removed parts 10 minutes Again turn over engine crankshaft Carefully remove engine flush under tap hot water should remove dirt grit still residual matter repeat soak flush process Sometimes toothbrush pipe cleaner can help Inspect parts obvious damage such bent crankshaft prop drive washer Dont worry too much about bent chipped head fins everything looks OK slowly rotate crankshaft check binding sticking Continued page 142 CHEROKEE Favorite TI R1 fl. C NOW Y-FREE STARTING POWER New completely automatic maintenance system field kit starter batteries No run-down batteries undercharged No boiled-dry batteries overcharged No explosive gasses generated No winter storage problems No attention required tronically maintains full charge JUST CONNECT IT FORGET IT CaRa Products PO Box 221 Canton SD 57013 605 987-5924 SASE information PLUS $3995 $200 ISpecify 6 12 24 voltl May1985 139 UV LYLAPJ Dependability Olympic V Systems important feature Based Silver Sevens proven electronics Oly V gives solid performance can count years Besides dependability Oly has servo reversal switches optional Dual Rates Retract Channel aluminum case transmitter ESV full ni-cds charger system comes less servos can pick number size type require Any positive pulse servos will work Dont trust brand new creation just radio because its inexpensive has lot useless features Count Olympic V give dependability demand Span65Eng.45-60 Area754 sq in4 Channel Send $1 00 latest price list literature Quality RIC Products Since 1960 VK MODEL AIRCRAFT CO 5866 Transit Rd. Depew NY 14043 Phone No1716 684-5555 *ark check*money order please* LARGE SASE FOR PRICE LISt IIA2YXI/7Y •BOX 1686 ER 82520 Engines/KiIsdOflk Continued page 139 dry off engine literally flood oil Carefully reinstall removed parts engine ready run Please note necessary remove piston cylinder crank bearings cases key doing damage engine course physical damage crankcase front cover crankshaft then-further disassembly will necessary should done very carefully methodicallyand possible under watchful eye engine specialist concludes series hope has helped some way lot top ics discussed emphasis primarily essentials Most topics could expanded much greater depth enough interest shown personal note course preparing series shocking realization People have hobby several decades such myself take awful lot granted dealing newcomers things second nature never realize never impart novice Perhaps anyone three decades experience should think about repaying debt owe fun have hobby would defi nitely encourage fraternity get involved growth hobby Help new people own way Give building lessons flying lessons con duct clinics seminars tech talks meet ings get involved AMA write articles like Share experience RC Scale/Wischers Continued page 45 descriptive data sheets also has reproductions drawings air craft engines shown 1934 Air Commerce Aircraft Year Book Sixty-one model drawings Paul Lindberg gas rubber-powered Popular via tion magazine listed 54 Earl Stahl Scale plans MAN Air Trails Air Age Catalog price $100 Gleason Enterprises 170429th Ave SE Rt 2 Box 125 Austin MN 55912 Detailed Scale multi-view drawings being produced documentation niodel design Curtiss Jenny JN-4 Taylor Brothers Chummy North American Mustang P-51B C drawings available three scale ratios /16 /14 % /16 ratio drawing size 24 x 36 Jenny drawing represents JN-4 flown Neta Snook used airplane flight training Amelia Earhart Taylor Chummy CG Taylors earli est design led development Cub eventually known Piper Cub its early form airplane open cockpit radial engine Photos Chummy also offered Mustang drawings four sheets made factory blueprints North American documents Aerodynamic Dimensional Data P-s 1 B/C Airplanes details prices send SASE Charles L Neely 2703 E Goshen Ave Visalia CA 93291 Fuel apparatus Providing fuel engine would appear rather simple matter Scale models completely enclosed engine fuel tank may complexities undesirable disassemble airplane fuel servicing portion cowling can made removable provided no objection non-scale lines filler tube becomes accessible full-size air plane already has hatch openings its nose can used fuel supply en trances Most aircraft have no such con venient spots hide necessary plastic tubes therefore obliged search another method airplanes having completely cowled engine run fuel fill vent tubes out bottom rear cowl area cooling air engine normally exhausted pro totype well model small bit tube can seen space isnt really non-scale because full-size planes often have tubes extending battery-box vent fuel tank overflow typical model system now has three tubes tank feed carbure tor two extending downward tank filling venting fuel being pumped model operation connect electric fuel pump lower tube pair entering tank use upper tube air vent fuel begins run vent tube signals full tank avoid spilling fuel length tube can connected vent line carry excess fuel back supply bot tle As tank nears capacity bubbles appear tube signal stopping pump return line bottle pre vents spilling raw fuel grass beneath model Fuel kills grass club field has row dead spots pit area models fueled Aimost us now using muffler pressure tank promote reliable fuel flow adds complication system tee needed vent tube connected muffler tap Unless both fill vent tubes plugged muffler pressure lost engine operating prevent loss insert machine screw 4-40 x 14 tube ends after filling Because electric fuel pump will fill tank faster rate fuel can vented through overflow tube some risk will considerable 142 Model Aviation ROADRI JNNEP 90 SPAN* 60-1 1 2 TO 14 LBS V 95 BALSAPLY---t-DIVE LG $129 ROLLED PRINTS W/MANJAL PP USA PRINTSROLLED W/MAIIJAL $2OU 1/420 X 2 NYLCN BOLTSPAN OR HEX 50-$4 50 PP USA 100-$7 00 PP USA 1/4-32 TAP gbplug PP BULK DISC DUBROROCKET CITYETC 00STENYA FIBER GLASS PUSH RODS PRECISION SAND AND SHAPE With. 4 1/2 Custom Aluminum iN i Extrusion Sanding Block TEE BAREspecially designed small sandingiobs Sander Pack contains 3 sheets assorted die-cut sandpaper Regular lengthDouble length 10 718 21 718 handy useTEE bigger L3AR4 jobs truer surfaces Regular ji Double Self Adhesive Sheet SandpaperEU Customize yourSTUFF sanding like pros 369s 11 sheets per pack 12-medium 12-fine 12-superfie per sheet U Post add 20% Catalog256 LAPPLIED DESIGN CORP 738 Penn St ElSegundo CA90245