PUL SE multipurpose test accessoiy U will useful RCers Its compact all-rn-one instrument array lab including servo driver pulsemeasurement system internal calibrator Pulse MiniLab PML accurately measures control signal behavior radio system duplicates independent radio built entirely inexpensive readily available Radio Shack hobby store parts powered six alkaline pencells can drive servo Electronic Speed Control ESC am familiar Any modeler some soldering ability usual modeling tools can build PML review RC signal information used transmitter sends control pulses receiver receives decodes routes various servos typical servo pulse has variable width duration 1-2 milliseconds 001-002 second Servo position information contained pulse width width function transmitter control position Whatever pulse width repeated about 44 50 times second called frame rate Thus servo constantly getting updated positioning instructions times second Servos usually affected exact frame rate value long its close its design value also true ESCs some respond both frame rate pulse width variation have seen ordinary servo driver has calibrated Pulse Width Frame Rate Controls like Pulse Mini-Lab PML combination ordinary Digital Volt Meter DVM DMM plugs receiver like servo can measure exactly changing pulse width vary transmitter control also reads frame rate constant given radio can use PML servo driver function duplicate channels operation drive servo ESC Thus can set up new installation completely precisely ever using radio No build-ityourself servo driver Ive seen can Precision PML performance attained simple calibration procedure uses DVM temporary safe source 60-cycle power line frequency June 1998 27 U Bob Kopski Printed paper panel overlaY dresses-up versatile batterY powered RC test acCe5SOtY parts used build Mini-Lab readilY available Inside view PML can built ordinary tools some soldering ability PML operation best understood aid Block Diagram basic servo driver consists Frame Rate Generator Pulse Width Generator FRG makes 40-50-cycle frame rate discussed previously PWG makes variable width servo control pulse Both generators have control knobs PML panel Frame Rate Voltage Pulse Width Voltage converters circuits individually convert frequency duration information DC voltages Once calibrated voltages permit precise displays frame rate pulse width ordinary DVM Both parameters can measured externally supplied signals internal servo driver signals PML operates off internal six-pencell battery includes five-volt regulator power PML internal circuitry servo ESC under test Several panel-mounted switches used select PML functions switches set up interconnect input output signals along internal functional blocks perform various tasks Detailed circuit operation best understood reference Block Diagram Schematic PML servo driver includes schematic components IC3c R26 operational 5W3 ll4T position sets up 4069 Hex Inverter 1C3 sections c d e associated peripheral components classic electronic circuit known affinction generator Inverters c d used hysteresis latch section e connected linear operational integrator Frame Rate control R20 varies integration constant lower resistance speeds up function generator frequency As designed R20 can vary frame rate over nominal 30-60 cycles Hz range latch circuit produces crisp square wave IC3d pin 4 differentiated network Cl 1 land D4 resulting negative going spikes trigger ThC555 CMOS monostable timers 1C4 ICS Timer 1C4 Pulse Width Generator produces output pulse frame rate output pulse width adjustable about 075 about 25 mSec control R22 combination Frame Rate Generator Output Pulse Generator deliver control pulse behaves exactly like pulse output RC receiver Timer ICS also produces pulse frame rate serves two purposes function Frame Rate Voltage Converter 1C5s output pulse train filtered R30/C17 buffered ICld resulting DC average voltage read DVM measurement ratio volt per 100 Hz will set during calibration FR/V converter measures frequency rate either internal servo driver externally supplied signals second function ICS supply precision calibration pulse via Q5 calibration Pulse Width Voltage Converter Pulse Width Voltage converter circuit includes schematic parts Cl through RI 1 Except during calibration PW/V converter SIGNAL OUTPUT NT EXT SW3 EXTERNA SIGNAL NP UT BANOPASS EXTFRAME AMPLIFIERNTRATE SWTb GENERATOR 1C3 c d 1C3 b etcetc R20 -- FRAME RATE FIVE VOLTsw REGULATOR CAL 5W2TO VOLTAGE SW 4 DAM SWITCH OVM PULSEFRAME RATEWIDTHTO VOLTAGE GENERATORCONVERTER IC 4 etc Ic 5 etC 1 V Hz R22 -- OUTPUT PULSE WIDTH RIO PULSE MINI LAB BLOCK DIAGRAM monitors pulses appearing output connector include externally supplied pulses internal servo driver pulses operation pulses turn Ql Q2 off duration pulse Q2 off electronic current pump ICla Q3 etc linearly charges capacitor C2 rate set trimmer adjustment R6 linearly rising ramp voltage C2 coupled peak hold circuit IClb Q4 etc peak value reached held capacitor C3 IC ic buffers voltage drives external DVM description should clear ramp voltage level reached end applied pulse directly proportional width pulse Once circuitry calibrated DVM displays pulse duration basic relationship volt per mSec Pulse widths about 5 25 mSec 5 25 volts can read about percent accuracy 5W3 EXT position internal function generator disabled PML set up accept external inputs External inputs can pulse outputs receiver 60 Hz signal used calibration can input pulses another servo driver use PML calibrate External input signals route output connector PWIV converter Bandpass Amplifier block IC3a JC3b etc latter block needed PML calibration does neither good nor harm signals receivers operation amplifier output signals appear IC3b pin 8 drive hysteresis latch trigger timers 1C4 ICS before Pulse Width Generator 1C4 output used EXT mode timer ICS output now used measure rate incoming signals ICS output will also used calibrate PWIV converter 60 cycle external signal 28 Model Aviation S ndt 9 H- IL NOTE Uness sIo CoX,~55 esXors Ohrss Copoc,OCS 45 Ill IFd NPNs oe 2N39S4 PNPS 55 MPS2AST 2k3556 R/O PULSE MINI LAB SCHEMATIC E X I~ [v32][b-2-10-1-10]]I 4 -- 91 x -I--, -I cx---99-99 -4----x------- -x 99 .9 A---VYT\ 202530 eM 01101002 R/C PULSE MINI LAB CIRCUIT BOARD JUMPERS I --\91-I Construction straightforward Most circuitry built universal Radio Shack PC holeboard some wired right panel-mounted components board panel sections interconnected 13 flexible wires Begin using #11 blade cut circuit board conductors X locations will have nine conductor cuts done sure cuts clean correct locations Install jumper wires shown Jumpers drawing see below about dotted jumpers Use solid 24-gauge similar bare wire except insulated jumper near 1C5 IC 1 Two insulated U-shaped wire loops located upper board corners serve lead-out wire strain reliefs Confirm 54 wires PC holeboard before proceeding dotted jumper wires fall underneath IC sockets R25 except ICS pin 2 solder until sockets also place comes next Orient sockets identifier notches properly located help eliminate IC installation error later ICs will installed individually during checkout calibration install ahead time Note wire ICS pm2 temporary jumper will cut open during calibration Continue assembly trim pots followed transistors sure get PNPs NPNs sorted oriented correctly Install diodes noting dotted circles drawing symbols indicate cathode down color band near end physical diodes cathode symbol Install tantalum capacitors h polarityand resistors flexible board lead-out wires will installed later thing helps during such assembly work install like parts numeric sequence checking off assembly drawing once installed Cleanup inspection finished board important step Scrub copper side small brush solvent like acetone remove flux Avoid getting solvent component side Inspect work lens especially watchful land-to-land shorts missed connections Set board aside June1998 29 0310088K88 1838811 22K F --- I- I~ Ex8 --rc12 088 WIe 1081881K S __________ Rare b3830048141ssMI94999 14SW4 8l30I488y84eM23 Vr148301 228C2 10801001810 8311K x-1 8347K08002281 SW38018828 400 fl 07 Kl71c8983 1983000 18800 linK014 838 370 828 10J 0l30J 0023 E- 8l4104 /018-r7 1 203034I-U818 1088Q\fl 838 00 003383/802022004 91 ~- 1-I-038l022~lCKICRx 7030-K~918 0S cool 18831838 A8181801001 - -I1 18 FRAME ROTE148320282722801010see, 15 10 coro15202530 148W2OSlO 014p R/C PULSE MINI LAB CIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLY Detail PML panel wiring Note PC board mounting bracketsPC holeboard installed place Drill two board edge holes held R20 R22 controlsneeded Dress wires through strain-relief wire loops Begin panel assembly marking drilling deburring holes installing panel-mounted components chose install printed paper panel overlay using spray contact adhesive before installing panel parts can label panel suitable manner Note PC board mounting brackets held place between controls R20 R22 panel Regulator 1C2 held directly panel 4-40 hardware Its metal mounting surface panel electrical ground 1C2 leads bent cut serve wiring points illustrated Polarize C4 CS correctly Note LED Dl cathode located near flat base device used colored Ace RIC wire panel also wire panel PC board on-panel wiring done PC board held near its final location wire lengths board panel can estimated Solder wires board first dressed photos cut final length reach associated panelmounted components Lead dress critical wiring accuracy should able flop board over its mounting brackets have panel board lay flat about 1 /2 inches separation can work both ease three two-cell battery holders held plastic case walls doublestick VelcroTM material Solder wires directly battery case terminalsdo use nine-volt snaps holders normally mate sure get holders wired series six pencells produce nine volts nominal everything wired installed correctly chose use two pins three-pin Deans connector between battery electronics wary mechanical interference between anything panel battery holders Everything fits box nicely little parts-placement care PML Checkout/Calibration Please follow sequence proceed step next until first working described During steps follow will connect DVM various internal test points PML DVM negative lead connected bare wire loop marked test clip loop board assembly drawing near location 20 DVM positive lead will variously connected throughout PML including IC pins connecting wires thereto etc process best done test leads having physically small test clips imperative carefullybe sure accidentally short adjacent IC pins other circuit points DVM DC voltage range used 20 volts 30 thats what meter has actual use DVM will connected two banana jacks PML panel 1I 97 PC ARC MID BRACKET FORM FROMOWO Sa WIDE K BS BRASS STIP NODES ALTOESATE 114 016 EXCEPOAS OTHERWISE S,OWN RIO PULSE MINI LAB FRONT PANEL DIMENSIONING Set switches SWI OFF 5W2 USE 5W3 EXT 5W4 midposition BATT Set controls trim pots about mid-range Install battery dont connect signal inputs outputs Temporarily connect lead banana jack Turn SWi LED Dl should lit DVM should read nine volts little Switch 5W4 RATE PW DVM reading should drop about 1 V 2 V respectively Leave 5W4 PW Connect r lead regulator 1C2 output pin C4 connected check 5 1- 1 volts Write down exact value turn SWi off Install 1C3 onlybeing absolutely sure its oriented correctly Note risk damaging ICs improper installation 19/IA Turn SWi use DVM measure 1C3 pins 12 8 voltages Both should measure about 25 1- 3 volts Measure 1C3 pin 4 voltage will nominally either 0 5 Measure pin 6 will either 5 0the opposite pin 4 Switch 5W3 INT Pin 4 should now read around 25 volts may jitter bit Switch 5W3 EXT Connect length wire input jack hold wire hand vicinity some line-operated appliance like lamp radio toaster wirewith attachedis intended 60-cycle Hz pickup antenna Proper circuit operation indicated DVM reading about 25 1- 03 volts 1C3 pin 4 remalns 0 5 either enough 60-cycle pickup unlikely 30 Model Aviation Q' C 5/10 CIA TV/S PLACES tTWO PlACES W 000 IA PWT 550IT 623 IT CAPTa NOTE P0660 635 BRACKETS OMITTED POT 0/4611K -- PAN& CADS P0660 EXPLODED POT CLARITY RIG PULSE MINI LAB REAR OF PANEL WIRING something else right Otherwise can remove antenna turn off SWi Install 1C5 & turn SWI Measure voltage 1C5 pin 3 should equal 1C2 voltage wrote down earlier cut temporary jumper ICS pin 2 ground pin 3 voltage should drop zero Reactivate antenna IC5 pin 3 voltage should rise several hundred millivolts Adjust R26 pin 3 read 60 volts meter now correctly reading power line frequency Pulse Rate Voltage converter calibrated Later IC 1 installed same reading will verified DVM terminals Remove antenna switch off SWi Now its time set Frame Rate control knob adjustment range selection RI 9the really tedious step whole procedure R 19 made two parts b get finer control over setting Frame Rate range total value R19 ll vary among assemblies because component tolerance buildup Switch SWi SW3 INT vary R20 over range note IC5 pin 3 DVM readings goal have range cover about 30-60 Hz 30-60 volts Chances rate control range will differ initiallythats R19 comes Increasing RI 9 shifts total control range downward decreasing shifts range upward final range need perfectly 3060 Hz should more-than-cover normal transmitter limits about 40-50 Hzie cover 40 50 DVM volts some extra past end suggest vary section b replacing nextclosest resistor value step time until obtain best range compromise rework carefully damage PC lands repeated soldering Switch SWi off Install 1C4 connect DVM positive lead 1C4 pin 3 SWI SW3 EXT 60-cycle antenna operational vary Output Pulse Width knob limit-to-limit note two DVM readings Vary screw adjustment R25 obtain knob limit values about 24 volts about 74 volts circuit operation will verified finalized DVM jacks following installation ICi Turn SWi off Install ICl set SW2 CAL SW3 EXT SW4 RATE reconnect 60-cycle pickup turn SWI Verify meter reading 60 ICS pin 3 also DVM positive panel jack Switch SW4 PW DVM should read between 15 25 volts Using previously noted 1C2 regulator voltage adjust R6 DVM reading given V 10 / regulator voltage example 1C2 previously read 496 did adjust R6 DVM reading 2016 Choose 202which about close can read step has calibrated PW/V circuit final step PML checkout confirm PW range available Pulse Width control knob DVM now connected its panel mounted jacks SWi SW2 USE 5W3 INT 5W4 PW vary R22 fully note limit values Pulse Width Control range should cover about 75 about 25 mSec range skewed off center touch up trimmer R25 idea have control go somewhat below 10 mSec above 20 mSec Install panel assembly case making sure no panel-mounted parts interfere batteries special note more-technically inclined R28 set DVM reading 60 Volts 60 Hz during Frame Rate calibration ICS output pulse width would exactly 2 mSec regulator voltage exactly 5 volts follows ratio pulse duration line frequency period 2/1 6666 fraction 5 volt regulator output ICS pin 3 before pin 2 jumper cut 12 x 5 60 volt automatically provides needed quality reference pulse calibrate PW/V converter Neat huh equation given permits same PML calibration accuracy regulator voltages less perfectthe typical case expect Using PML requires some adapter cables connect between input output connectors radio stuff suggest get some long aileron extensions cut half fit cut end suitable connector interface PML Use standard phono plug cable connects receiver Connect receiver ground negative plug body signal output wire plug tip Insulate leftover third receiver voltage wire its used PML signal output cable uses /8-inch three-conductor phone plug PML end servo connector other three June1998 33 Driving servo Indicated pulse width 140 mSecknown about 1% calibration accuracy Indicating received 191 mSec throttle channel pulse makes ESC servo setup easy wires used case PML supplied servo voltage along servo signal course ground negative lead Note 5 wire connected phone plug tipmost contact signal next contact ground plug body PML has redundant input output connectors shown necessities use convenience bench connecting oscilloscope etc Only really necessary markings Pulse Width Pulse Rate dials reference numbers dont mean anything specific use know approximately knobs should rough servo setup checkout always use DVM moreprecise work article referred pulse widths frame rates common values radio brands Some radios may use values other As designed built calibrated PML control ranges extend somewhat beyond common values However insufficient should still enough information herein modify control ranges needed Please write need assistance Chances much PML application will make use Frame Rate control Just set about rate measured radio forget ESCs respond framerate variation set Frame Rate control exactly radio proceed adjust ESCs total confidence ESCs frame-rate dependence include older Astro Aveox models Steve Neu products New Creations house-brand units reference purposes SWI 5W2 USE 5W3 INT 5W4 anywhere two control knobs about mid-range no input output connections PML draws just under 22 mA internal 9-volt six-cell pack suggest periodic check battery voltage 5W4 mid BATT position PML use Replace six pencells voltage falls below about 8 volts Remember use DVM 20or 30- volt DVM range PML calibrated recommend use fixed-range against autoranging meter PML will also work conventional analog moving needle meter wont have accuracy resolution digital BATT voltage check will accurate because lower input impedance DVMs have seen have least 10 meg Ohm input impedance Enjoy RC Pulse Mini-Lab welcome comments questions Please include SASE reply Kopski 25 West End Dr Lansdale PA 19446 PARTS LIST SEMICONDUCTORS ICi 1C2 tC3 1C4 ICS Q1Q2Q4 Q3 Q5 Dl D2 D3 D4 Cl C2 C17 C18 C3 Cl4 C4 CS C6 C8 C12 CIS C7 C9 ClO Cli C13 C16 LM324 Quad Operational Amp 7805 5 Volt Regulator 4069U Hex toverter TLC5SS CMOS Timer MP53904 NPN Transistor MP52907 PNP Transistor T 1/4 RED LED 1N4148 Switching Diode CAPACITORS 10 uFd 35 V Tantatum 10 uFd 16V Tantalum 10 uFd 35V Axial Aluminum 0022 uFd SOV Mylar 0001 uFd Disk Ceramic 01 uFd 50V Mylar 001 uFd 50V Mylar 01 uFd Monolithic 276-1711 276-1770 RSU 11392230 276-1718 276-2016 276-2023 276-041 276-1122 272-1434 272-1436 272-1013 272-1066 272- 126 272-1069 272-1065 272- 109 FIXED RESISTORS following -watt fixed carbon resistors contained Radio Shack Assortment catalog #271-3 12 Ri R2 R21 R27 R3 R24 R4 R7 R9 R31 R5 R8 R12 R13 RIS R17 R30 RlO Ri 1 R14 R16 R18 Rl9a initial see text R19b initial see text R23 R26 R29 22K 47K 1K 33K lOOK 560 Ohm 22K 10 Meg 1 Meg 150K 180K 39K 10K 68K VARIABLE RESISTORS R6 R20 R22 R25 R28 1K Trimmer lOOK Linear Taper Variable 47K Trimmer 47K Trimmer 27 1-280 27 1-092 27 1-28 1 27 1-283 SPDT Toggle DPDT Toggle SPDT Center OFF Toggle SWi 5W2 5W3 5W4 Phono Jacks Phono Plugs 1/s-inch Three-Conductor Open Circuit Phone Jack 1/s-inch Three-Conductor Phone Plug Pair Banana Jacks Two Pairs Banana Plugs 28 Pin IC DIP Sockets 214 Pin IC DIP Sockets 275-625 275-626 275-325 274-346 274-384 274-249 274-284 274-725 274-72 1 276-1995 276-1999 MISCELLANEOUS/MECHANICAL Project Box Universal PC Board Assortment Ace R/C Colored Wire 24 Gauge Wire tinned 3 2-Pencell Battery Holders LED Holder 6 AA Pencells 2 Knobs Hook-and-Loop Fasteners VelcroTM Deans three-pin connector set optional 032 x Brass strip 3 sets 4-40 x screw flat washer lock washer nut RC system aileron extension/connector set A/R Panel labeling desired 270-1806 276-168 278-1341 270-382 276-079 274-407 64-2345 34 Model Aviation CHES CONNECTORS AND SOCKETS
Edition: Model Aviation - 1998/06
Page Numbers: 27, 28, 29, 30, 33, 34
PUL SE multipurpose test accessoiy U will useful RCers Its compact all-rn-one instrument array lab including servo driver pulsemeasurement system internal calibrator Pulse MiniLab PML accurately measures control signal behavior radio system duplicates independent radio built entirely inexpensive readily available Radio Shack hobby store parts powered six alkaline pencells can drive servo Electronic Speed Control ESC am familiar Any modeler some soldering ability usual modeling tools can build PML review RC signal information used transmitter sends control pulses receiver receives decodes routes various servos typical servo pulse has variable width duration 1-2 milliseconds 001-002 second Servo position information contained pulse width width function transmitter control position Whatever pulse width repeated about 44 50 times second called frame rate Thus servo constantly getting updated positioning instructions times second Servos usually affected exact frame rate value long its close its design value also true ESCs some respond both frame rate pulse width variation have seen ordinary servo driver has calibrated Pulse Width Frame Rate Controls like Pulse Mini-Lab PML combination ordinary Digital Volt Meter DVM DMM plugs receiver like servo can measure exactly changing pulse width vary transmitter control also reads frame rate constant given radio can use PML servo driver function duplicate channels operation drive servo ESC Thus can set up new installation completely precisely ever using radio No build-ityourself servo driver Ive seen can Precision PML performance attained simple calibration procedure uses DVM temporary safe source 60-cycle power line frequency June 1998 27 U Bob Kopski Printed paper panel overlaY dresses-up versatile batterY powered RC test acCe5SOtY parts used build Mini-Lab readilY available Inside view PML can built ordinary tools some soldering ability PML operation best understood aid Block Diagram basic servo driver consists Frame Rate Generator Pulse Width Generator FRG makes 40-50-cycle frame rate discussed previously PWG makes variable width servo control pulse Both generators have control knobs PML panel Frame Rate Voltage Pulse Width Voltage converters circuits individually convert frequency duration information DC voltages Once calibrated voltages permit precise displays frame rate pulse width ordinary DVM Both parameters can measured externally supplied signals internal servo driver signals PML operates off internal six-pencell battery includes five-volt regulator power PML internal circuitry servo ESC under test Several panel-mounted switches used select PML functions switches set up interconnect input output signals along internal functional blocks perform various tasks Detailed circuit operation best understood reference Block Diagram Schematic PML servo driver includes schematic components IC3c R26 operational 5W3 ll4T position sets up 4069 Hex Inverter 1C3 sections c d e associated peripheral components classic electronic circuit known affinction generator Inverters c d used hysteresis latch section e connected linear operational integrator Frame Rate control R20 varies integration constant lower resistance speeds up function generator frequency As designed R20 can vary frame rate over nominal 30-60 cycles Hz range latch circuit produces crisp square wave IC3d pin 4 differentiated network Cl 1 land D4 resulting negative going spikes trigger ThC555 CMOS monostable timers 1C4 ICS Timer 1C4 Pulse Width Generator produces output pulse frame rate output pulse width adjustable about 075 about 25 mSec control R22 combination Frame Rate Generator Output Pulse Generator deliver control pulse behaves exactly like pulse output RC receiver Timer ICS also produces pulse frame rate serves two purposes function Frame Rate Voltage Converter 1C5s output pulse train filtered R30/C17 buffered ICld resulting DC average voltage read DVM measurement ratio volt per 100 Hz will set during calibration FR/V converter measures frequency rate either internal servo driver externally supplied signals second function ICS supply precision calibration pulse via Q5 calibration Pulse Width Voltage Converter Pulse Width Voltage converter circuit includes schematic parts Cl through RI 1 Except during calibration PW/V converter SIGNAL OUTPUT NT EXT SW3 EXTERNA SIGNAL NP UT BANOPASS EXTFRAME AMPLIFIERNTRATE SWTb GENERATOR 1C3 c d 1C3 b etcetc R20 -- FRAME RATE FIVE VOLTsw REGULATOR CAL 5W2TO VOLTAGE SW 4 DAM SWITCH OVM PULSEFRAME RATEWIDTHTO VOLTAGE GENERATORCONVERTER IC 4 etc Ic 5 etC 1 V Hz R22 -- OUTPUT PULSE WIDTH RIO PULSE MINI LAB BLOCK DIAGRAM monitors pulses appearing output connector include externally supplied pulses internal servo driver pulses operation pulses turn Ql Q2 off duration pulse Q2 off electronic current pump ICla Q3 etc linearly charges capacitor C2 rate set trimmer adjustment R6 linearly rising ramp voltage C2 coupled peak hold circuit IClb Q4 etc peak value reached held capacitor C3 IC ic buffers voltage drives external DVM description should clear ramp voltage level reached end applied pulse directly proportional width pulse Once circuitry calibrated DVM displays pulse duration basic relationship volt per mSec Pulse widths about 5 25 mSec 5 25 volts can read about percent accuracy 5W3 EXT position internal function generator disabled PML set up accept external inputs External inputs can pulse outputs receiver 60 Hz signal used calibration can input pulses another servo driver use PML calibrate External input signals route output connector PWIV converter Bandpass Amplifier block IC3a JC3b etc latter block needed PML calibration does neither good nor harm signals receivers operation amplifier output signals appear IC3b pin 8 drive hysteresis latch trigger timers 1C4 ICS before Pulse Width Generator 1C4 output used EXT mode timer ICS output now used measure rate incoming signals ICS output will also used calibrate PWIV converter 60 cycle external signal 28 Model Aviation S ndt 9 H- IL NOTE Uness sIo CoX,~55 esXors Ohrss Copoc,OCS 45 Ill IFd NPNs oe 2N39S4 PNPS 55 MPS2AST 2k3556 R/O PULSE MINI LAB SCHEMATIC E X I~ [v32][b-2-10-1-10]]I 4 -- 91 x -I--, -I cx---99-99 -4----x------- -x 99 .9 A---VYT\ 202530 eM 01101002 R/C PULSE MINI LAB CIRCUIT BOARD JUMPERS I --\91-I Construction straightforward Most circuitry built universal Radio Shack PC holeboard some wired right panel-mounted components board panel sections interconnected 13 flexible wires Begin using #11 blade cut circuit board conductors X locations will have nine conductor cuts done sure cuts clean correct locations Install jumper wires shown Jumpers drawing see below about dotted jumpers Use solid 24-gauge similar bare wire except insulated jumper near 1C5 IC 1 Two insulated U-shaped wire loops located upper board corners serve lead-out wire strain reliefs Confirm 54 wires PC holeboard before proceeding dotted jumper wires fall underneath IC sockets R25 except ICS pin 2 solder until sockets also place comes next Orient sockets identifier notches properly located help eliminate IC installation error later ICs will installed individually during checkout calibration install ahead time Note wire ICS pm2 temporary jumper will cut open during calibration Continue assembly trim pots followed transistors sure get PNPs NPNs sorted oriented correctly Install diodes noting dotted circles drawing symbols indicate cathode down color band near end physical diodes cathode symbol Install tantalum capacitors h polarityand resistors flexible board lead-out wires will installed later thing helps during such assembly work install like parts numeric sequence checking off assembly drawing once installed Cleanup inspection finished board important step Scrub copper side small brush solvent like acetone remove flux Avoid getting solvent component side Inspect work lens especially watchful land-to-land shorts missed connections Set board aside June1998 29 0310088K88 1838811 22K F --- I- I~ Ex8 --rc12 088 WIe 1081881K S __________ Rare b3830048141ssMI94999 14SW4 8l30I488y84eM23 Vr148301 228C2 10801001810 8311K x-1 8347K08002281 SW38018828 400 fl 07 Kl71c8983 1983000 18800 linK014 838 370 828 10J 0l30J 0023 E- 8l4104 /018-r7 1 203034I-U818 1088Q\fl 838 00 003383/802022004 91 ~- 1-I-038l022~lCKICRx 7030-K~918 0S cool 18831838 A8181801001 - -I1 18 FRAME ROTE148320282722801010see, 15 10 coro15202530 148W2OSlO 014p R/C PULSE MINI LAB CIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLY Detail PML panel wiring Note PC board mounting bracketsPC holeboard installed place Drill two board edge holes held R20 R22 controlsneeded Dress wires through strain-relief wire loops Begin panel assembly marking drilling deburring holes installing panel-mounted components chose install printed paper panel overlay using spray contact adhesive before installing panel parts can label panel suitable manner Note PC board mounting brackets held place between controls R20 R22 panel Regulator 1C2 held directly panel 4-40 hardware Its metal mounting surface panel electrical ground 1C2 leads bent cut serve wiring points illustrated Polarize C4 CS correctly Note LED Dl cathode located near flat base device used colored Ace RIC wire panel also wire panel PC board on-panel wiring done PC board held near its final location wire lengths board panel can estimated Solder wires board first dressed photos cut final length reach associated panelmounted components Lead dress critical wiring accuracy should able flop board over its mounting brackets have panel board lay flat about 1 /2 inches separation can work both ease three two-cell battery holders held plastic case walls doublestick VelcroTM material Solder wires directly battery case terminalsdo use nine-volt snaps holders normally mate sure get holders wired series six pencells produce nine volts nominal everything wired installed correctly chose use two pins three-pin Deans connector between battery electronics wary mechanical interference between anything panel battery holders Everything fits box nicely little parts-placement care PML Checkout/Calibration Please follow sequence proceed step next until first working described During steps follow will connect DVM various internal test points PML DVM negative lead connected bare wire loop marked test clip loop board assembly drawing near location 20 DVM positive lead will variously connected throughout PML including IC pins connecting wires thereto etc process best done test leads having physically small test clips imperative carefullybe sure accidentally short adjacent IC pins other circuit points DVM DC voltage range used 20 volts 30 thats what meter has actual use DVM will connected two banana jacks PML panel 1I 97 PC ARC MID BRACKET FORM FROMOWO Sa WIDE K BS BRASS STIP NODES ALTOESATE 114 016 EXCEPOAS OTHERWISE S,OWN RIO PULSE MINI LAB FRONT PANEL DIMENSIONING Set switches SWI OFF 5W2 USE 5W3 EXT 5W4 midposition BATT Set controls trim pots about mid-range Install battery dont connect signal inputs outputs Temporarily connect lead banana jack Turn SWi LED Dl should lit DVM should read nine volts little Switch 5W4 RATE PW DVM reading should drop about 1 V 2 V respectively Leave 5W4 PW Connect r lead regulator 1C2 output pin C4 connected check 5 1- 1 volts Write down exact value turn SWi off Install 1C3 onlybeing absolutely sure its oriented correctly Note risk damaging ICs improper installation 19/IA Turn SWi use DVM measure 1C3 pins 12 8 voltages Both should measure about 25 1- 3 volts Measure 1C3 pin 4 voltage will nominally either 0 5 Measure pin 6 will either 5 0the opposite pin 4 Switch 5W3 INT Pin 4 should now read around 25 volts may jitter bit Switch 5W3 EXT Connect length wire input jack hold wire hand vicinity some line-operated appliance like lamp radio toaster wirewith attachedis intended 60-cycle Hz pickup antenna Proper circuit operation indicated DVM reading about 25 1- 03 volts 1C3 pin 4 remalns 0 5 either enough 60-cycle pickup unlikely 30 Model Aviation Q' C 5/10 CIA TV/S PLACES tTWO PlACES W 000 IA PWT 550IT 623 IT CAPTa NOTE P0660 635 BRACKETS OMITTED POT 0/4611K -- PAN& CADS P0660 EXPLODED POT CLARITY RIG PULSE MINI LAB REAR OF PANEL WIRING something else right Otherwise can remove antenna turn off SWi Install 1C5 & turn SWI Measure voltage 1C5 pin 3 should equal 1C2 voltage wrote down earlier cut temporary jumper ICS pin 2 ground pin 3 voltage should drop zero Reactivate antenna IC5 pin 3 voltage should rise several hundred millivolts Adjust R26 pin 3 read 60 volts meter now correctly reading power line frequency Pulse Rate Voltage converter calibrated Later IC 1 installed same reading will verified DVM terminals Remove antenna switch off SWi Now its time set Frame Rate control knob adjustment range selection RI 9the really tedious step whole procedure R 19 made two parts b get finer control over setting Frame Rate range total value R19 ll vary among assemblies because component tolerance buildup Switch SWi SW3 INT vary R20 over range note IC5 pin 3 DVM readings goal have range cover about 30-60 Hz 30-60 volts Chances rate control range will differ initiallythats R19 comes Increasing RI 9 shifts total control range downward decreasing shifts range upward final range need perfectly 3060 Hz should more-than-cover normal transmitter limits about 40-50 Hzie cover 40 50 DVM volts some extra past end suggest vary section b replacing nextclosest resistor value step time until obtain best range compromise rework carefully damage PC lands repeated soldering Switch SWi off Install 1C4 connect DVM positive lead 1C4 pin 3 SWI SW3 EXT 60-cycle antenna operational vary Output Pulse Width knob limit-to-limit note two DVM readings Vary screw adjustment R25 obtain knob limit values about 24 volts about 74 volts circuit operation will verified finalized DVM jacks following installation ICi Turn SWi off Install ICl set SW2 CAL SW3 EXT SW4 RATE reconnect 60-cycle pickup turn SWI Verify meter reading 60 ICS pin 3 also DVM positive panel jack Switch SW4 PW DVM should read between 15 25 volts Using previously noted 1C2 regulator voltage adjust R6 DVM reading given V 10 / regulator voltage example 1C2 previously read 496 did adjust R6 DVM reading 2016 Choose 202which about close can read step has calibrated PW/V circuit final step PML checkout confirm PW range available Pulse Width control knob DVM now connected its panel mounted jacks SWi SW2 USE 5W3 INT 5W4 PW vary R22 fully note limit values Pulse Width Control range should cover about 75 about 25 mSec range skewed off center touch up trimmer R25 idea have control go somewhat below 10 mSec above 20 mSec Install panel assembly case making sure no panel-mounted parts interfere batteries special note more-technically inclined R28 set DVM reading 60 Volts 60 Hz during Frame Rate calibration ICS output pulse width would exactly 2 mSec regulator voltage exactly 5 volts follows ratio pulse duration line frequency period 2/1 6666 fraction 5 volt regulator output ICS pin 3 before pin 2 jumper cut 12 x 5 60 volt automatically provides needed quality reference pulse calibrate PW/V converter Neat huh equation given permits same PML calibration accuracy regulator voltages less perfectthe typical case expect Using PML requires some adapter cables connect between input output connectors radio stuff suggest get some long aileron extensions cut half fit cut end suitable connector interface PML Use standard phono plug cable connects receiver Connect receiver ground negative plug body signal output wire plug tip Insulate leftover third receiver voltage wire its used PML signal output cable uses /8-inch three-conductor phone plug PML end servo connector other three June1998 33 Driving servo Indicated pulse width 140 mSecknown about 1% calibration accuracy Indicating received 191 mSec throttle channel pulse makes ESC servo setup easy wires used case PML supplied servo voltage along servo signal course ground negative lead Note 5 wire connected phone plug tipmost contact signal next contact ground plug body PML has redundant input output connectors shown necessities use convenience bench connecting oscilloscope etc Only really necessary markings Pulse Width Pulse Rate dials reference numbers dont mean anything specific use know approximately knobs should rough servo setup checkout always use DVM moreprecise work article referred pulse widths frame rates common values radio brands Some radios may use values other As designed built calibrated PML control ranges extend somewhat beyond common values However insufficient should still enough information herein modify control ranges needed Please write need assistance Chances much PML application will make use Frame Rate control Just set about rate measured radio forget ESCs respond framerate variation set Frame Rate control exactly radio proceed adjust ESCs total confidence ESCs frame-rate dependence include older Astro Aveox models Steve Neu products New Creations house-brand units reference purposes SWI 5W2 USE 5W3 INT 5W4 anywhere two control knobs about mid-range no input output connections PML draws just under 22 mA internal 9-volt six-cell pack suggest periodic check battery voltage 5W4 mid BATT position PML use Replace six pencells voltage falls below about 8 volts Remember use DVM 20or 30- volt DVM range PML calibrated recommend use fixed-range against autoranging meter PML will also work conventional analog moving needle meter wont have accuracy resolution digital BATT voltage check will accurate because lower input impedance DVMs have seen have least 10 meg Ohm input impedance Enjoy RC Pulse Mini-Lab welcome comments questions Please include SASE reply Kopski 25 West End Dr Lansdale PA 19446 PARTS LIST SEMICONDUCTORS ICi 1C2 tC3 1C4 ICS Q1Q2Q4 Q3 Q5 Dl D2 D3 D4 Cl C2 C17 C18 C3 Cl4 C4 CS C6 C8 C12 CIS C7 C9 ClO Cli C13 C16 LM324 Quad Operational Amp 7805 5 Volt Regulator 4069U Hex toverter TLC5SS CMOS Timer MP53904 NPN Transistor MP52907 PNP Transistor T 1/4 RED LED 1N4148 Switching Diode CAPACITORS 10 uFd 35 V Tantatum 10 uFd 16V Tantalum 10 uFd 35V Axial Aluminum 0022 uFd SOV Mylar 0001 uFd Disk Ceramic 01 uFd 50V Mylar 001 uFd 50V Mylar 01 uFd Monolithic 276-1711 276-1770 RSU 11392230 276-1718 276-2016 276-2023 276-041 276-1122 272-1434 272-1436 272-1013 272-1066 272- 126 272-1069 272-1065 272- 109 FIXED RESISTORS following -watt fixed carbon resistors contained Radio Shack Assortment catalog #271-3 12 Ri R2 R21 R27 R3 R24 R4 R7 R9 R31 R5 R8 R12 R13 RIS R17 R30 RlO Ri 1 R14 R16 R18 Rl9a initial see text R19b initial see text R23 R26 R29 22K 47K 1K 33K lOOK 560 Ohm 22K 10 Meg 1 Meg 150K 180K 39K 10K 68K VARIABLE RESISTORS R6 R20 R22 R25 R28 1K Trimmer lOOK Linear Taper Variable 47K Trimmer 47K Trimmer 27 1-280 27 1-092 27 1-28 1 27 1-283 SPDT Toggle DPDT Toggle SPDT Center OFF Toggle SWi 5W2 5W3 5W4 Phono Jacks Phono Plugs 1/s-inch Three-Conductor Open Circuit Phone Jack 1/s-inch Three-Conductor Phone Plug Pair Banana Jacks Two Pairs Banana Plugs 28 Pin IC DIP Sockets 214 Pin IC DIP Sockets 275-625 275-626 275-325 274-346 274-384 274-249 274-284 274-725 274-72 1 276-1995 276-1999 MISCELLANEOUS/MECHANICAL Project Box Universal PC Board Assortment Ace R/C Colored Wire 24 Gauge Wire tinned 3 2-Pencell Battery Holders LED Holder 6 AA Pencells 2 Knobs Hook-and-Loop Fasteners VelcroTM Deans three-pin connector set optional 032 x Brass strip 3 sets 4-40 x screw flat washer lock washer nut RC system aileron extension/connector set A/R Panel labeling desired 270-1806 276-168 278-1341 270-382 276-079 274-407 64-2345 34 Model Aviation CHES CONNECTORS AND SOCKETS
Edition: Model Aviation - 1998/06
Page Numbers: 27, 28, 29, 30, 33, 34
PUL SE multipurpose test accessoiy U will useful RCers Its compact all-rn-one instrument array lab including servo driver pulsemeasurement system internal calibrator Pulse MiniLab PML accurately measures control signal behavior radio system duplicates independent radio built entirely inexpensive readily available Radio Shack hobby store parts powered six alkaline pencells can drive servo Electronic Speed Control ESC am familiar Any modeler some soldering ability usual modeling tools can build PML review RC signal information used transmitter sends control pulses receiver receives decodes routes various servos typical servo pulse has variable width duration 1-2 milliseconds 001-002 second Servo position information contained pulse width width function transmitter control position Whatever pulse width repeated about 44 50 times second called frame rate Thus servo constantly getting updated positioning instructions times second Servos usually affected exact frame rate value long its close its design value also true ESCs some respond both frame rate pulse width variation have seen ordinary servo driver has calibrated Pulse Width Frame Rate Controls like Pulse Mini-Lab PML combination ordinary Digital Volt Meter DVM DMM plugs receiver like servo can measure exactly changing pulse width vary transmitter control also reads frame rate constant given radio can use PML servo driver function duplicate channels operation drive servo ESC Thus can set up new installation completely precisely ever using radio No build-ityourself servo driver Ive seen can Precision PML performance attained simple calibration procedure uses DVM temporary safe source 60-cycle power line frequency June 1998 27 U Bob Kopski Printed paper panel overlaY dresses-up versatile batterY powered RC test acCe5SOtY parts used build Mini-Lab readilY available Inside view PML can built ordinary tools some soldering ability PML operation best understood aid Block Diagram basic servo driver consists Frame Rate Generator Pulse Width Generator FRG makes 40-50-cycle frame rate discussed previously PWG makes variable width servo control pulse Both generators have control knobs PML panel Frame Rate Voltage Pulse Width Voltage converters circuits individually convert frequency duration information DC voltages Once calibrated voltages permit precise displays frame rate pulse width ordinary DVM Both parameters can measured externally supplied signals internal servo driver signals PML operates off internal six-pencell battery includes five-volt regulator power PML internal circuitry servo ESC under test Several panel-mounted switches used select PML functions switches set up interconnect input output signals along internal functional blocks perform various tasks Detailed circuit operation best understood reference Block Diagram Schematic PML servo driver includes schematic components IC3c R26 operational 5W3 ll4T position sets up 4069 Hex Inverter 1C3 sections c d e associated peripheral components classic electronic circuit known affinction generator Inverters c d used hysteresis latch section e connected linear operational integrator Frame Rate control R20 varies integration constant lower resistance speeds up function generator frequency As designed R20 can vary frame rate over nominal 30-60 cycles Hz range latch circuit produces crisp square wave IC3d pin 4 differentiated network Cl 1 land D4 resulting negative going spikes trigger ThC555 CMOS monostable timers 1C4 ICS Timer 1C4 Pulse Width Generator produces output pulse frame rate output pulse width adjustable about 075 about 25 mSec control R22 combination Frame Rate Generator Output Pulse Generator deliver control pulse behaves exactly like pulse output RC receiver Timer ICS also produces pulse frame rate serves two purposes function Frame Rate Voltage Converter 1C5s output pulse train filtered R30/C17 buffered ICld resulting DC average voltage read DVM measurement ratio volt per 100 Hz will set during calibration FR/V converter measures frequency rate either internal servo driver externally supplied signals second function ICS supply precision calibration pulse via Q5 calibration Pulse Width Voltage Converter Pulse Width Voltage converter circuit includes schematic parts Cl through RI 1 Except during calibration PW/V converter SIGNAL OUTPUT NT EXT SW3 EXTERNA SIGNAL NP UT BANOPASS EXTFRAME AMPLIFIERNTRATE SWTb GENERATOR 1C3 c d 1C3 b etcetc R20 -- FRAME RATE FIVE VOLTsw REGULATOR CAL 5W2TO VOLTAGE SW 4 DAM SWITCH OVM PULSEFRAME RATEWIDTHTO VOLTAGE GENERATORCONVERTER IC 4 etc Ic 5 etC 1 V Hz R22 -- OUTPUT PULSE WIDTH RIO PULSE MINI LAB BLOCK DIAGRAM monitors pulses appearing output connector include externally supplied pulses internal servo driver pulses operation pulses turn Ql Q2 off duration pulse Q2 off electronic current pump ICla Q3 etc linearly charges capacitor C2 rate set trimmer adjustment R6 linearly rising ramp voltage C2 coupled peak hold circuit IClb Q4 etc peak value reached held capacitor C3 IC ic buffers voltage drives external DVM description should clear ramp voltage level reached end applied pulse directly proportional width pulse Once circuitry calibrated DVM displays pulse duration basic relationship volt per mSec Pulse widths about 5 25 mSec 5 25 volts can read about percent accuracy 5W3 EXT position internal function generator disabled PML set up accept external inputs External inputs can pulse outputs receiver 60 Hz signal used calibration can input pulses another servo driver use PML calibrate External input signals route output connector PWIV converter Bandpass Amplifier block IC3a JC3b etc latter block needed PML calibration does neither good nor harm signals receivers operation amplifier output signals appear IC3b pin 8 drive hysteresis latch trigger timers 1C4 ICS before Pulse Width Generator 1C4 output used EXT mode timer ICS output now used measure rate incoming signals ICS output will also used calibrate PWIV converter 60 cycle external signal 28 Model Aviation S ndt 9 H- IL NOTE Uness sIo CoX,~55 esXors Ohrss Copoc,OCS 45 Ill IFd NPNs oe 2N39S4 PNPS 55 MPS2AST 2k3556 R/O PULSE MINI LAB SCHEMATIC E X I~ [v32][b-2-10-1-10]]I 4 -- 91 x -I--, -I cx---99-99 -4----x------- -x 99 .9 A---VYT\ 202530 eM 01101002 R/C PULSE MINI LAB CIRCUIT BOARD JUMPERS I --\91-I Construction straightforward Most circuitry built universal Radio Shack PC holeboard some wired right panel-mounted components board panel sections interconnected 13 flexible wires Begin using #11 blade cut circuit board conductors X locations will have nine conductor cuts done sure cuts clean correct locations Install jumper wires shown Jumpers drawing see below about dotted jumpers Use solid 24-gauge similar bare wire except insulated jumper near 1C5 IC 1 Two insulated U-shaped wire loops located upper board corners serve lead-out wire strain reliefs Confirm 54 wires PC holeboard before proceeding dotted jumper wires fall underneath IC sockets R25 except ICS pin 2 solder until sockets also place comes next Orient sockets identifier notches properly located help eliminate IC installation error later ICs will installed individually during checkout calibration install ahead time Note wire ICS pm2 temporary jumper will cut open during calibration Continue assembly trim pots followed transistors sure get PNPs NPNs sorted oriented correctly Install diodes noting dotted circles drawing symbols indicate cathode down color band near end physical diodes cathode symbol Install tantalum capacitors h polarityand resistors flexible board lead-out wires will installed later thing helps during such assembly work install like parts numeric sequence checking off assembly drawing once installed Cleanup inspection finished board important step Scrub copper side small brush solvent like acetone remove flux Avoid getting solvent component side Inspect work lens especially watchful land-to-land shorts missed connections Set board aside June1998 29 0310088K88 1838811 22K F --- I- I~ Ex8 --rc12 088 WIe 1081881K S __________ Rare b3830048141ssMI94999 14SW4 8l30I488y84eM23 Vr148301 228C2 10801001810 8311K x-1 8347K08002281 SW38018828 400 fl 07 Kl71c8983 1983000 18800 linK014 838 370 828 10J 0l30J 0023 E- 8l4104 /018-r7 1 203034I-U818 1088Q\fl 838 00 003383/802022004 91 ~- 1-I-038l022~lCKICRx 7030-K~918 0S cool 18831838 A8181801001 - -I1 18 FRAME ROTE148320282722801010see, 15 10 coro15202530 148W2OSlO 014p R/C PULSE MINI LAB CIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLY Detail PML panel wiring Note PC board mounting bracketsPC holeboard installed place Drill two board edge holes held R20 R22 controlsneeded Dress wires through strain-relief wire loops Begin panel assembly marking drilling deburring holes installing panel-mounted components chose install printed paper panel overlay using spray contact adhesive before installing panel parts can label panel suitable manner Note PC board mounting brackets held place between controls R20 R22 panel Regulator 1C2 held directly panel 4-40 hardware Its metal mounting surface panel electrical ground 1C2 leads bent cut serve wiring points illustrated Polarize C4 CS correctly Note LED Dl cathode located near flat base device used colored Ace RIC wire panel also wire panel PC board on-panel wiring done PC board held near its final location wire lengths board panel can estimated Solder wires board first dressed photos cut final length reach associated panelmounted components Lead dress critical wiring accuracy should able flop board over its mounting brackets have panel board lay flat about 1 /2 inches separation can work both ease three two-cell battery holders held plastic case walls doublestick VelcroTM material Solder wires directly battery case terminalsdo use nine-volt snaps holders normally mate sure get holders wired series six pencells produce nine volts nominal everything wired installed correctly chose use two pins three-pin Deans connector between battery electronics wary mechanical interference between anything panel battery holders Everything fits box nicely little parts-placement care PML Checkout/Calibration Please follow sequence proceed step next until first working described During steps follow will connect DVM various internal test points PML DVM negative lead connected bare wire loop marked test clip loop board assembly drawing near location 20 DVM positive lead will variously connected throughout PML including IC pins connecting wires thereto etc process best done test leads having physically small test clips imperative carefullybe sure accidentally short adjacent IC pins other circuit points DVM DC voltage range used 20 volts 30 thats what meter has actual use DVM will connected two banana jacks PML panel 1I 97 PC ARC MID BRACKET FORM FROMOWO Sa WIDE K BS BRASS STIP NODES ALTOESATE 114 016 EXCEPOAS OTHERWISE S,OWN RIO PULSE MINI LAB FRONT PANEL DIMENSIONING Set switches SWI OFF 5W2 USE 5W3 EXT 5W4 midposition BATT Set controls trim pots about mid-range Install battery dont connect signal inputs outputs Temporarily connect lead banana jack Turn SWi LED Dl should lit DVM should read nine volts little Switch 5W4 RATE PW DVM reading should drop about 1 V 2 V respectively Leave 5W4 PW Connect r lead regulator 1C2 output pin C4 connected check 5 1- 1 volts Write down exact value turn SWi off Install 1C3 onlybeing absolutely sure its oriented correctly Note risk damaging ICs improper installation 19/IA Turn SWi use DVM measure 1C3 pins 12 8 voltages Both should measure about 25 1- 3 volts Measure 1C3 pin 4 voltage will nominally either 0 5 Measure pin 6 will either 5 0the opposite pin 4 Switch 5W3 INT Pin 4 should now read around 25 volts may jitter bit Switch 5W3 EXT Connect length wire input jack hold wire hand vicinity some line-operated appliance like lamp radio toaster wirewith attachedis intended 60-cycle Hz pickup antenna Proper circuit operation indicated DVM reading about 25 1- 03 volts 1C3 pin 4 remalns 0 5 either enough 60-cycle pickup unlikely 30 Model Aviation Q' C 5/10 CIA TV/S PLACES tTWO PlACES W 000 IA PWT 550IT 623 IT CAPTa NOTE P0660 635 BRACKETS OMITTED POT 0/4611K -- PAN& CADS P0660 EXPLODED POT CLARITY RIG PULSE MINI LAB REAR OF PANEL WIRING something else right Otherwise can remove antenna turn off SWi Install 1C5 & turn SWI Measure voltage 1C5 pin 3 should equal 1C2 voltage wrote down earlier cut temporary jumper ICS pin 2 ground pin 3 voltage should drop zero Reactivate antenna IC5 pin 3 voltage should rise several hundred millivolts Adjust R26 pin 3 read 60 volts meter now correctly reading power line frequency Pulse Rate Voltage converter calibrated Later IC 1 installed same reading will verified DVM terminals Remove antenna switch off SWi Now its time set Frame Rate control knob adjustment range selection RI 9the really tedious step whole procedure R 19 made two parts b get finer control over setting Frame Rate range total value R19 ll vary among assemblies because component tolerance buildup Switch SWi SW3 INT vary R20 over range note IC5 pin 3 DVM readings goal have range cover about 30-60 Hz 30-60 volts Chances rate control range will differ initiallythats R19 comes Increasing RI 9 shifts total control range downward decreasing shifts range upward final range need perfectly 3060 Hz should more-than-cover normal transmitter limits about 40-50 Hzie cover 40 50 DVM volts some extra past end suggest vary section b replacing nextclosest resistor value step time until obtain best range compromise rework carefully damage PC lands repeated soldering Switch SWi off Install 1C4 connect DVM positive lead 1C4 pin 3 SWI SW3 EXT 60-cycle antenna operational vary Output Pulse Width knob limit-to-limit note two DVM readings Vary screw adjustment R25 obtain knob limit values about 24 volts about 74 volts circuit operation will verified finalized DVM jacks following installation ICi Turn SWi off Install ICl set SW2 CAL SW3 EXT SW4 RATE reconnect 60-cycle pickup turn SWI Verify meter reading 60 ICS pin 3 also DVM positive panel jack Switch SW4 PW DVM should read between 15 25 volts Using previously noted 1C2 regulator voltage adjust R6 DVM reading given V 10 / regulator voltage example 1C2 previously read 496 did adjust R6 DVM reading 2016 Choose 202which about close can read step has calibrated PW/V circuit final step PML checkout confirm PW range available Pulse Width control knob DVM now connected its panel mounted jacks SWi SW2 USE 5W3 INT 5W4 PW vary R22 fully note limit values Pulse Width Control range should cover about 75 about 25 mSec range skewed off center touch up trimmer R25 idea have control go somewhat below 10 mSec above 20 mSec Install panel assembly case making sure no panel-mounted parts interfere batteries special note more-technically inclined R28 set DVM reading 60 Volts 60 Hz during Frame Rate calibration ICS output pulse width would exactly 2 mSec regulator voltage exactly 5 volts follows ratio pulse duration line frequency period 2/1 6666 fraction 5 volt regulator output ICS pin 3 before pin 2 jumper cut 12 x 5 60 volt automatically provides needed quality reference pulse calibrate PW/V converter Neat huh equation given permits same PML calibration accuracy regulator voltages less perfectthe typical case expect Using PML requires some adapter cables connect between input output connectors radio stuff suggest get some long aileron extensions cut half fit cut end suitable connector interface PML Use standard phono plug cable connects receiver Connect receiver ground negative plug body signal output wire plug tip Insulate leftover third receiver voltage wire its used PML signal output cable uses /8-inch three-conductor phone plug PML end servo connector other three June1998 33 Driving servo Indicated pulse width 140 mSecknown about 1% calibration accuracy Indicating received 191 mSec throttle channel pulse makes ESC servo setup easy wires used case PML supplied servo voltage along servo signal course ground negative lead Note 5 wire connected phone plug tipmost contact signal next contact ground plug body PML has redundant input output connectors shown necessities use convenience bench connecting oscilloscope etc Only really necessary markings Pulse Width Pulse Rate dials reference numbers dont mean anything specific use know approximately knobs should rough servo setup checkout always use DVM moreprecise work article referred pulse widths frame rates common values radio brands Some radios may use values other As designed built calibrated PML control ranges extend somewhat beyond common values However insufficient should still enough information herein modify control ranges needed Please write need assistance Chances much PML application will make use Frame Rate control Just set about rate measured radio forget ESCs respond framerate variation set Frame Rate control exactly radio proceed adjust ESCs total confidence ESCs frame-rate dependence include older Astro Aveox models Steve Neu products New Creations house-brand units reference purposes SWI 5W2 USE 5W3 INT 5W4 anywhere two control knobs about mid-range no input output connections PML draws just under 22 mA internal 9-volt six-cell pack suggest periodic check battery voltage 5W4 mid BATT position PML use Replace six pencells voltage falls below about 8 volts Remember use DVM 20or 30- volt DVM range PML calibrated recommend use fixed-range against autoranging meter PML will also work conventional analog moving needle meter wont have accuracy resolution digital BATT voltage check will accurate because lower input impedance DVMs have seen have least 10 meg Ohm input impedance Enjoy RC Pulse Mini-Lab welcome comments questions Please include SASE reply Kopski 25 West End Dr Lansdale PA 19446 PARTS LIST SEMICONDUCTORS ICi 1C2 tC3 1C4 ICS Q1Q2Q4 Q3 Q5 Dl D2 D3 D4 Cl C2 C17 C18 C3 Cl4 C4 CS C6 C8 C12 CIS C7 C9 ClO Cli C13 C16 LM324 Quad Operational Amp 7805 5 Volt Regulator 4069U Hex toverter TLC5SS CMOS Timer MP53904 NPN Transistor MP52907 PNP Transistor T 1/4 RED LED 1N4148 Switching Diode CAPACITORS 10 uFd 35 V Tantatum 10 uFd 16V Tantalum 10 uFd 35V Axial Aluminum 0022 uFd SOV Mylar 0001 uFd Disk Ceramic 01 uFd 50V Mylar 001 uFd 50V Mylar 01 uFd Monolithic 276-1711 276-1770 RSU 11392230 276-1718 276-2016 276-2023 276-041 276-1122 272-1434 272-1436 272-1013 272-1066 272- 126 272-1069 272-1065 272- 109 FIXED RESISTORS following -watt fixed carbon resistors contained Radio Shack Assortment catalog #271-3 12 Ri R2 R21 R27 R3 R24 R4 R7 R9 R31 R5 R8 R12 R13 RIS R17 R30 RlO Ri 1 R14 R16 R18 Rl9a initial see text R19b initial see text R23 R26 R29 22K 47K 1K 33K lOOK 560 Ohm 22K 10 Meg 1 Meg 150K 180K 39K 10K 68K VARIABLE RESISTORS R6 R20 R22 R25 R28 1K Trimmer lOOK Linear Taper Variable 47K Trimmer 47K Trimmer 27 1-280 27 1-092 27 1-28 1 27 1-283 SPDT Toggle DPDT Toggle SPDT Center OFF Toggle SWi 5W2 5W3 5W4 Phono Jacks Phono Plugs 1/s-inch Three-Conductor Open Circuit Phone Jack 1/s-inch Three-Conductor Phone Plug Pair Banana Jacks Two Pairs Banana Plugs 28 Pin IC DIP Sockets 214 Pin IC DIP Sockets 275-625 275-626 275-325 274-346 274-384 274-249 274-284 274-725 274-72 1 276-1995 276-1999 MISCELLANEOUS/MECHANICAL Project Box Universal PC Board Assortment Ace R/C Colored Wire 24 Gauge Wire tinned 3 2-Pencell Battery Holders LED Holder 6 AA Pencells 2 Knobs Hook-and-Loop Fasteners VelcroTM Deans three-pin connector set optional 032 x Brass strip 3 sets 4-40 x screw flat washer lock washer nut RC system aileron extension/connector set A/R Panel labeling desired 270-1806 276-168 278-1341 270-382 276-079 274-407 64-2345 34 Model Aviation CHES CONNECTORS AND SOCKETS
Edition: Model Aviation - 1998/06
Page Numbers: 27, 28, 29, 30, 33, 34
PUL SE multipurpose test accessoiy U will useful RCers Its compact all-rn-one instrument array lab including servo driver pulsemeasurement system internal calibrator Pulse MiniLab PML accurately measures control signal behavior radio system duplicates independent radio built entirely inexpensive readily available Radio Shack hobby store parts powered six alkaline pencells can drive servo Electronic Speed Control ESC am familiar Any modeler some soldering ability usual modeling tools can build PML review RC signal information used transmitter sends control pulses receiver receives decodes routes various servos typical servo pulse has variable width duration 1-2 milliseconds 001-002 second Servo position information contained pulse width width function transmitter control position Whatever pulse width repeated about 44 50 times second called frame rate Thus servo constantly getting updated positioning instructions times second Servos usually affected exact frame rate value long its close its design value also true ESCs some respond both frame rate pulse width variation have seen ordinary servo driver has calibrated Pulse Width Frame Rate Controls like Pulse Mini-Lab PML combination ordinary Digital Volt Meter DVM DMM plugs receiver like servo can measure exactly changing pulse width vary transmitter control also reads frame rate constant given radio can use PML servo driver function duplicate channels operation drive servo ESC Thus can set up new installation completely precisely ever using radio No build-ityourself servo driver Ive seen can Precision PML performance attained simple calibration procedure uses DVM temporary safe source 60-cycle power line frequency June 1998 27 U Bob Kopski Printed paper panel overlaY dresses-up versatile batterY powered RC test acCe5SOtY parts used build Mini-Lab readilY available Inside view PML can built ordinary tools some soldering ability PML operation best understood aid Block Diagram basic servo driver consists Frame Rate Generator Pulse Width Generator FRG makes 40-50-cycle frame rate discussed previously PWG makes variable width servo control pulse Both generators have control knobs PML panel Frame Rate Voltage Pulse Width Voltage converters circuits individually convert frequency duration information DC voltages Once calibrated voltages permit precise displays frame rate pulse width ordinary DVM Both parameters can measured externally supplied signals internal servo driver signals PML operates off internal six-pencell battery includes five-volt regulator power PML internal circuitry servo ESC under test Several panel-mounted switches used select PML functions switches set up interconnect input output signals along internal functional blocks perform various tasks Detailed circuit operation best understood reference Block Diagram Schematic PML servo driver includes schematic components IC3c R26 operational 5W3 ll4T position sets up 4069 Hex Inverter 1C3 sections c d e associated peripheral components classic electronic circuit known affinction generator Inverters c d used hysteresis latch section e connected linear operational integrator Frame Rate control R20 varies integration constant lower resistance speeds up function generator frequency As designed R20 can vary frame rate over nominal 30-60 cycles Hz range latch circuit produces crisp square wave IC3d pin 4 differentiated network Cl 1 land D4 resulting negative going spikes trigger ThC555 CMOS monostable timers 1C4 ICS Timer 1C4 Pulse Width Generator produces output pulse frame rate output pulse width adjustable about 075 about 25 mSec control R22 combination Frame Rate Generator Output Pulse Generator deliver control pulse behaves exactly like pulse output RC receiver Timer ICS also produces pulse frame rate serves two purposes function Frame Rate Voltage Converter 1C5s output pulse train filtered R30/C17 buffered ICld resulting DC average voltage read DVM measurement ratio volt per 100 Hz will set during calibration FR/V converter measures frequency rate either internal servo driver externally supplied signals second function ICS supply precision calibration pulse via Q5 calibration Pulse Width Voltage Converter Pulse Width Voltage converter circuit includes schematic parts Cl through RI 1 Except during calibration PW/V converter SIGNAL OUTPUT NT EXT SW3 EXTERNA SIGNAL NP UT BANOPASS EXTFRAME AMPLIFIERNTRATE SWTb GENERATOR 1C3 c d 1C3 b etcetc R20 -- FRAME RATE FIVE VOLTsw REGULATOR CAL 5W2TO VOLTAGE SW 4 DAM SWITCH OVM PULSEFRAME RATEWIDTHTO VOLTAGE GENERATORCONVERTER IC 4 etc Ic 5 etC 1 V Hz R22 -- OUTPUT PULSE WIDTH RIO PULSE MINI LAB BLOCK DIAGRAM monitors pulses appearing output connector include externally supplied pulses internal servo driver pulses operation pulses turn Ql Q2 off duration pulse Q2 off electronic current pump ICla Q3 etc linearly charges capacitor C2 rate set trimmer adjustment R6 linearly rising ramp voltage C2 coupled peak hold circuit IClb Q4 etc peak value reached held capacitor C3 IC ic buffers voltage drives external DVM description should clear ramp voltage level reached end applied pulse directly proportional width pulse Once circuitry calibrated DVM displays pulse duration basic relationship volt per mSec Pulse widths about 5 25 mSec 5 25 volts can read about percent accuracy 5W3 EXT position internal function generator disabled PML set up accept external inputs External inputs can pulse outputs receiver 60 Hz signal used calibration can input pulses another servo driver use PML calibrate External input signals route output connector PWIV converter Bandpass Amplifier block IC3a JC3b etc latter block needed PML calibration does neither good nor harm signals receivers operation amplifier output signals appear IC3b pin 8 drive hysteresis latch trigger timers 1C4 ICS before Pulse Width Generator 1C4 output used EXT mode timer ICS output now used measure rate incoming signals ICS output will also used calibrate PWIV converter 60 cycle external signal 28 Model Aviation S ndt 9 H- IL NOTE Uness sIo CoX,~55 esXors Ohrss Copoc,OCS 45 Ill IFd NPNs oe 2N39S4 PNPS 55 MPS2AST 2k3556 R/O PULSE MINI LAB SCHEMATIC E X I~ [v32][b-2-10-1-10]]I 4 -- 91 x -I--, -I cx---99-99 -4----x------- -x 99 .9 A---VYT\ 202530 eM 01101002 R/C PULSE MINI LAB CIRCUIT BOARD JUMPERS I --\91-I Construction straightforward Most circuitry built universal Radio Shack PC holeboard some wired right panel-mounted components board panel sections interconnected 13 flexible wires Begin using #11 blade cut circuit board conductors X locations will have nine conductor cuts done sure cuts clean correct locations Install jumper wires shown Jumpers drawing see below about dotted jumpers Use solid 24-gauge similar bare wire except insulated jumper near 1C5 IC 1 Two insulated U-shaped wire loops located upper board corners serve lead-out wire strain reliefs Confirm 54 wires PC holeboard before proceeding dotted jumper wires fall underneath IC sockets R25 except ICS pin 2 solder until sockets also place comes next Orient sockets identifier notches properly located help eliminate IC installation error later ICs will installed individually during checkout calibration install ahead time Note wire ICS pm2 temporary jumper will cut open during calibration Continue assembly trim pots followed transistors sure get PNPs NPNs sorted oriented correctly Install diodes noting dotted circles drawing symbols indicate cathode down color band near end physical diodes cathode symbol Install tantalum capacitors h polarityand resistors flexible board lead-out wires will installed later thing helps during such assembly work install like parts numeric sequence checking off assembly drawing once installed Cleanup inspection finished board important step Scrub copper side small brush solvent like acetone remove flux Avoid getting solvent component side Inspect work lens especially watchful land-to-land shorts missed connections Set board aside June1998 29 0310088K88 1838811 22K F --- I- I~ Ex8 --rc12 088 WIe 1081881K S __________ Rare b3830048141ssMI94999 14SW4 8l30I488y84eM23 Vr148301 228C2 10801001810 8311K x-1 8347K08002281 SW38018828 400 fl 07 Kl71c8983 1983000 18800 linK014 838 370 828 10J 0l30J 0023 E- 8l4104 /018-r7 1 203034I-U818 1088Q\fl 838 00 003383/802022004 91 ~- 1-I-038l022~lCKICRx 7030-K~918 0S cool 18831838 A8181801001 - -I1 18 FRAME ROTE148320282722801010see, 15 10 coro15202530 148W2OSlO 014p R/C PULSE MINI LAB CIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLY Detail PML panel wiring Note PC board mounting bracketsPC holeboard installed place Drill two board edge holes held R20 R22 controlsneeded Dress wires through strain-relief wire loops Begin panel assembly marking drilling deburring holes installing panel-mounted components chose install printed paper panel overlay using spray contact adhesive before installing panel parts can label panel suitable manner Note PC board mounting brackets held place between controls R20 R22 panel Regulator 1C2 held directly panel 4-40 hardware Its metal mounting surface panel electrical ground 1C2 leads bent cut serve wiring points illustrated Polarize C4 CS correctly Note LED Dl cathode located near flat base device used colored Ace RIC wire panel also wire panel PC board on-panel wiring done PC board held near its final location wire lengths board panel can estimated Solder wires board first dressed photos cut final length reach associated panelmounted components Lead dress critical wiring accuracy should able flop board over its mounting brackets have panel board lay flat about 1 /2 inches separation can work both ease three two-cell battery holders held plastic case walls doublestick VelcroTM material Solder wires directly battery case terminalsdo use nine-volt snaps holders normally mate sure get holders wired series six pencells produce nine volts nominal everything wired installed correctly chose use two pins three-pin Deans connector between battery electronics wary mechanical interference between anything panel battery holders Everything fits box nicely little parts-placement care PML Checkout/Calibration Please follow sequence proceed step next until first working described During steps follow will connect DVM various internal test points PML DVM negative lead connected bare wire loop marked test clip loop board assembly drawing near location 20 DVM positive lead will variously connected throughout PML including IC pins connecting wires thereto etc process best done test leads having physically small test clips imperative carefullybe sure accidentally short adjacent IC pins other circuit points DVM DC voltage range used 20 volts 30 thats what meter has actual use DVM will connected two banana jacks PML panel 1I 97 PC ARC MID BRACKET FORM FROMOWO Sa WIDE K BS BRASS STIP NODES ALTOESATE 114 016 EXCEPOAS OTHERWISE S,OWN RIO PULSE MINI LAB FRONT PANEL DIMENSIONING Set switches SWI OFF 5W2 USE 5W3 EXT 5W4 midposition BATT Set controls trim pots about mid-range Install battery dont connect signal inputs outputs Temporarily connect lead banana jack Turn SWi LED Dl should lit DVM should read nine volts little Switch 5W4 RATE PW DVM reading should drop about 1 V 2 V respectively Leave 5W4 PW Connect r lead regulator 1C2 output pin C4 connected check 5 1- 1 volts Write down exact value turn SWi off Install 1C3 onlybeing absolutely sure its oriented correctly Note risk damaging ICs improper installation 19/IA Turn SWi use DVM measure 1C3 pins 12 8 voltages Both should measure about 25 1- 3 volts Measure 1C3 pin 4 voltage will nominally either 0 5 Measure pin 6 will either 5 0the opposite pin 4 Switch 5W3 INT Pin 4 should now read around 25 volts may jitter bit Switch 5W3 EXT Connect length wire input jack hold wire hand vicinity some line-operated appliance like lamp radio toaster wirewith attachedis intended 60-cycle Hz pickup antenna Proper circuit operation indicated DVM reading about 25 1- 03 volts 1C3 pin 4 remalns 0 5 either enough 60-cycle pickup unlikely 30 Model Aviation Q' C 5/10 CIA TV/S PLACES tTWO PlACES W 000 IA PWT 550IT 623 IT CAPTa NOTE P0660 635 BRACKETS OMITTED POT 0/4611K -- PAN& CADS P0660 EXPLODED POT CLARITY RIG PULSE MINI LAB REAR OF PANEL WIRING something else right Otherwise can remove antenna turn off SWi Install 1C5 & turn SWI Measure voltage 1C5 pin 3 should equal 1C2 voltage wrote down earlier cut temporary jumper ICS pin 2 ground pin 3 voltage should drop zero Reactivate antenna IC5 pin 3 voltage should rise several hundred millivolts Adjust R26 pin 3 read 60 volts meter now correctly reading power line frequency Pulse Rate Voltage converter calibrated Later IC 1 installed same reading will verified DVM terminals Remove antenna switch off SWi Now its time set Frame Rate control knob adjustment range selection RI 9the really tedious step whole procedure R 19 made two parts b get finer control over setting Frame Rate range total value R19 ll vary among assemblies because component tolerance buildup Switch SWi SW3 INT vary R20 over range note IC5 pin 3 DVM readings goal have range cover about 30-60 Hz 30-60 volts Chances rate control range will differ initiallythats R19 comes Increasing RI 9 shifts total control range downward decreasing shifts range upward final range need perfectly 3060 Hz should more-than-cover normal transmitter limits about 40-50 Hzie cover 40 50 DVM volts some extra past end suggest vary section b replacing nextclosest resistor value step time until obtain best range compromise rework carefully damage PC lands repeated soldering Switch SWi off Install 1C4 connect DVM positive lead 1C4 pin 3 SWI SW3 EXT 60-cycle antenna operational vary Output Pulse Width knob limit-to-limit note two DVM readings Vary screw adjustment R25 obtain knob limit values about 24 volts about 74 volts circuit operation will verified finalized DVM jacks following installation ICi Turn SWi off Install ICl set SW2 CAL SW3 EXT SW4 RATE reconnect 60-cycle pickup turn SWI Verify meter reading 60 ICS pin 3 also DVM positive panel jack Switch SW4 PW DVM should read between 15 25 volts Using previously noted 1C2 regulator voltage adjust R6 DVM reading given V 10 / regulator voltage example 1C2 previously read 496 did adjust R6 DVM reading 2016 Choose 202which about close can read step has calibrated PW/V circuit final step PML checkout confirm PW range available Pulse Width control knob DVM now connected its panel mounted jacks SWi SW2 USE 5W3 INT 5W4 PW vary R22 fully note limit values Pulse Width Control range should cover about 75 about 25 mSec range skewed off center touch up trimmer R25 idea have control go somewhat below 10 mSec above 20 mSec Install panel assembly case making sure no panel-mounted parts interfere batteries special note more-technically inclined R28 set DVM reading 60 Volts 60 Hz during Frame Rate calibration ICS output pulse width would exactly 2 mSec regulator voltage exactly 5 volts follows ratio pulse duration line frequency period 2/1 6666 fraction 5 volt regulator output ICS pin 3 before pin 2 jumper cut 12 x 5 60 volt automatically provides needed quality reference pulse calibrate PW/V converter Neat huh equation given permits same PML calibration accuracy regulator voltages less perfectthe typical case expect Using PML requires some adapter cables connect between input output connectors radio stuff suggest get some long aileron extensions cut half fit cut end suitable connector interface PML Use standard phono plug cable connects receiver Connect receiver ground negative plug body signal output wire plug tip Insulate leftover third receiver voltage wire its used PML signal output cable uses /8-inch three-conductor phone plug PML end servo connector other three June1998 33 Driving servo Indicated pulse width 140 mSecknown about 1% calibration accuracy Indicating received 191 mSec throttle channel pulse makes ESC servo setup easy wires used case PML supplied servo voltage along servo signal course ground negative lead Note 5 wire connected phone plug tipmost contact signal next contact ground plug body PML has redundant input output connectors shown necessities use convenience bench connecting oscilloscope etc Only really necessary markings Pulse Width Pulse Rate dials reference numbers dont mean anything specific use know approximately knobs should rough servo setup checkout always use DVM moreprecise work article referred pulse widths frame rates common values radio brands Some radios may use values other As designed built calibrated PML control ranges extend somewhat beyond common values However insufficient should still enough information herein modify control ranges needed Please write need assistance Chances much PML application will make use Frame Rate control Just set about rate measured radio forget ESCs respond framerate variation set Frame Rate control exactly radio proceed adjust ESCs total confidence ESCs frame-rate dependence include older Astro Aveox models Steve Neu products New Creations house-brand units reference purposes SWI 5W2 USE 5W3 INT 5W4 anywhere two control knobs about mid-range no input output connections PML draws just under 22 mA internal 9-volt six-cell pack suggest periodic check battery voltage 5W4 mid BATT position PML use Replace six pencells voltage falls below about 8 volts Remember use DVM 20or 30- volt DVM range PML calibrated recommend use fixed-range against autoranging meter PML will also work conventional analog moving needle meter wont have accuracy resolution digital BATT voltage check will accurate because lower input impedance DVMs have seen have least 10 meg Ohm input impedance Enjoy RC Pulse Mini-Lab welcome comments questions Please include SASE reply Kopski 25 West End Dr Lansdale PA 19446 PARTS LIST SEMICONDUCTORS ICi 1C2 tC3 1C4 ICS Q1Q2Q4 Q3 Q5 Dl D2 D3 D4 Cl C2 C17 C18 C3 Cl4 C4 CS C6 C8 C12 CIS C7 C9 ClO Cli C13 C16 LM324 Quad Operational Amp 7805 5 Volt Regulator 4069U Hex toverter TLC5SS CMOS Timer MP53904 NPN Transistor MP52907 PNP Transistor T 1/4 RED LED 1N4148 Switching Diode CAPACITORS 10 uFd 35 V Tantatum 10 uFd 16V Tantalum 10 uFd 35V Axial Aluminum 0022 uFd SOV Mylar 0001 uFd Disk Ceramic 01 uFd 50V Mylar 001 uFd 50V Mylar 01 uFd Monolithic 276-1711 276-1770 RSU 11392230 276-1718 276-2016 276-2023 276-041 276-1122 272-1434 272-1436 272-1013 272-1066 272- 126 272-1069 272-1065 272- 109 FIXED RESISTORS following -watt fixed carbon resistors contained Radio Shack Assortment catalog #271-3 12 Ri R2 R21 R27 R3 R24 R4 R7 R9 R31 R5 R8 R12 R13 RIS R17 R30 RlO Ri 1 R14 R16 R18 Rl9a initial see text R19b initial see text R23 R26 R29 22K 47K 1K 33K lOOK 560 Ohm 22K 10 Meg 1 Meg 150K 180K 39K 10K 68K VARIABLE RESISTORS R6 R20 R22 R25 R28 1K Trimmer lOOK Linear Taper Variable 47K Trimmer 47K Trimmer 27 1-280 27 1-092 27 1-28 1 27 1-283 SPDT Toggle DPDT Toggle SPDT Center OFF Toggle SWi 5W2 5W3 5W4 Phono Jacks Phono Plugs 1/s-inch Three-Conductor Open Circuit Phone Jack 1/s-inch Three-Conductor Phone Plug Pair Banana Jacks Two Pairs Banana Plugs 28 Pin IC DIP Sockets 214 Pin IC DIP Sockets 275-625 275-626 275-325 274-346 274-384 274-249 274-284 274-725 274-72 1 276-1995 276-1999 MISCELLANEOUS/MECHANICAL Project Box Universal PC Board Assortment Ace R/C Colored Wire 24 Gauge Wire tinned 3 2-Pencell Battery Holders LED Holder 6 AA Pencells 2 Knobs Hook-and-Loop Fasteners VelcroTM Deans three-pin connector set optional 032 x Brass strip 3 sets 4-40 x screw flat washer lock washer nut RC system aileron extension/connector set A/R Panel labeling desired 270-1806 276-168 278-1341 270-382 276-079 274-407 64-2345 34 Model Aviation CHES CONNECTORS AND SOCKETS
Edition: Model Aviation - 1998/06
Page Numbers: 27, 28, 29, 30, 33, 34
PUL SE multipurpose test accessoiy U will useful RCers Its compact all-rn-one instrument array lab including servo driver pulsemeasurement system internal calibrator Pulse MiniLab PML accurately measures control signal behavior radio system duplicates independent radio built entirely inexpensive readily available Radio Shack hobby store parts powered six alkaline pencells can drive servo Electronic Speed Control ESC am familiar Any modeler some soldering ability usual modeling tools can build PML review RC signal information used transmitter sends control pulses receiver receives decodes routes various servos typical servo pulse has variable width duration 1-2 milliseconds 001-002 second Servo position information contained pulse width width function transmitter control position Whatever pulse width repeated about 44 50 times second called frame rate Thus servo constantly getting updated positioning instructions times second Servos usually affected exact frame rate value long its close its design value also true ESCs some respond both frame rate pulse width variation have seen ordinary servo driver has calibrated Pulse Width Frame Rate Controls like Pulse Mini-Lab PML combination ordinary Digital Volt Meter DVM DMM plugs receiver like servo can measure exactly changing pulse width vary transmitter control also reads frame rate constant given radio can use PML servo driver function duplicate channels operation drive servo ESC Thus can set up new installation completely precisely ever using radio No build-ityourself servo driver Ive seen can Precision PML performance attained simple calibration procedure uses DVM temporary safe source 60-cycle power line frequency June 1998 27 U Bob Kopski Printed paper panel overlaY dresses-up versatile batterY powered RC test acCe5SOtY parts used build Mini-Lab readilY available Inside view PML can built ordinary tools some soldering ability PML operation best understood aid Block Diagram basic servo driver consists Frame Rate Generator Pulse Width Generator FRG makes 40-50-cycle frame rate discussed previously PWG makes variable width servo control pulse Both generators have control knobs PML panel Frame Rate Voltage Pulse Width Voltage converters circuits individually convert frequency duration information DC voltages Once calibrated voltages permit precise displays frame rate pulse width ordinary DVM Both parameters can measured externally supplied signals internal servo driver signals PML operates off internal six-pencell battery includes five-volt regulator power PML internal circuitry servo ESC under test Several panel-mounted switches used select PML functions switches set up interconnect input output signals along internal functional blocks perform various tasks Detailed circuit operation best understood reference Block Diagram Schematic PML servo driver includes schematic components IC3c R26 operational 5W3 ll4T position sets up 4069 Hex Inverter 1C3 sections c d e associated peripheral components classic electronic circuit known affinction generator Inverters c d used hysteresis latch section e connected linear operational integrator Frame Rate control R20 varies integration constant lower resistance speeds up function generator frequency As designed R20 can vary frame rate over nominal 30-60 cycles Hz range latch circuit produces crisp square wave IC3d pin 4 differentiated network Cl 1 land D4 resulting negative going spikes trigger ThC555 CMOS monostable timers 1C4 ICS Timer 1C4 Pulse Width Generator produces output pulse frame rate output pulse width adjustable about 075 about 25 mSec control R22 combination Frame Rate Generator Output Pulse Generator deliver control pulse behaves exactly like pulse output RC receiver Timer ICS also produces pulse frame rate serves two purposes function Frame Rate Voltage Converter 1C5s output pulse train filtered R30/C17 buffered ICld resulting DC average voltage read DVM measurement ratio volt per 100 Hz will set during calibration FR/V converter measures frequency rate either internal servo driver externally supplied signals second function ICS supply precision calibration pulse via Q5 calibration Pulse Width Voltage Converter Pulse Width Voltage converter circuit includes schematic parts Cl through RI 1 Except during calibration PW/V converter SIGNAL OUTPUT NT EXT SW3 EXTERNA SIGNAL NP UT BANOPASS EXTFRAME AMPLIFIERNTRATE SWTb GENERATOR 1C3 c d 1C3 b etcetc R20 -- FRAME RATE FIVE VOLTsw REGULATOR CAL 5W2TO VOLTAGE SW 4 DAM SWITCH OVM PULSEFRAME RATEWIDTHTO VOLTAGE GENERATORCONVERTER IC 4 etc Ic 5 etC 1 V Hz R22 -- OUTPUT PULSE WIDTH RIO PULSE MINI LAB BLOCK DIAGRAM monitors pulses appearing output connector include externally supplied pulses internal servo driver pulses operation pulses turn Ql Q2 off duration pulse Q2 off electronic current pump ICla Q3 etc linearly charges capacitor C2 rate set trimmer adjustment R6 linearly rising ramp voltage C2 coupled peak hold circuit IClb Q4 etc peak value reached held capacitor C3 IC ic buffers voltage drives external DVM description should clear ramp voltage level reached end applied pulse directly proportional width pulse Once circuitry calibrated DVM displays pulse duration basic relationship volt per mSec Pulse widths about 5 25 mSec 5 25 volts can read about percent accuracy 5W3 EXT position internal function generator disabled PML set up accept external inputs External inputs can pulse outputs receiver 60 Hz signal used calibration can input pulses another servo driver use PML calibrate External input signals route output connector PWIV converter Bandpass Amplifier block IC3a JC3b etc latter block needed PML calibration does neither good nor harm signals receivers operation amplifier output signals appear IC3b pin 8 drive hysteresis latch trigger timers 1C4 ICS before Pulse Width Generator 1C4 output used EXT mode timer ICS output now used measure rate incoming signals ICS output will also used calibrate PWIV converter 60 cycle external signal 28 Model Aviation S ndt 9 H- IL NOTE Uness sIo CoX,~55 esXors Ohrss Copoc,OCS 45 Ill IFd NPNs oe 2N39S4 PNPS 55 MPS2AST 2k3556 R/O PULSE MINI LAB SCHEMATIC E X I~ [v32][b-2-10-1-10]]I 4 -- 91 x -I--, -I cx---99-99 -4----x------- -x 99 .9 A---VYT\ 202530 eM 01101002 R/C PULSE MINI LAB CIRCUIT BOARD JUMPERS I --\91-I Construction straightforward Most circuitry built universal Radio Shack PC holeboard some wired right panel-mounted components board panel sections interconnected 13 flexible wires Begin using #11 blade cut circuit board conductors X locations will have nine conductor cuts done sure cuts clean correct locations Install jumper wires shown Jumpers drawing see below about dotted jumpers Use solid 24-gauge similar bare wire except insulated jumper near 1C5 IC 1 Two insulated U-shaped wire loops located upper board corners serve lead-out wire strain reliefs Confirm 54 wires PC holeboard before proceeding dotted jumper wires fall underneath IC sockets R25 except ICS pin 2 solder until sockets also place comes next Orient sockets identifier notches properly located help eliminate IC installation error later ICs will installed individually during checkout calibration install ahead time Note wire ICS pm2 temporary jumper will cut open during calibration Continue assembly trim pots followed transistors sure get PNPs NPNs sorted oriented correctly Install diodes noting dotted circles drawing symbols indicate cathode down color band near end physical diodes cathode symbol Install tantalum capacitors h polarityand resistors flexible board lead-out wires will installed later thing helps during such assembly work install like parts numeric sequence checking off assembly drawing once installed Cleanup inspection finished board important step Scrub copper side small brush solvent like acetone remove flux Avoid getting solvent component side Inspect work lens especially watchful land-to-land shorts missed connections Set board aside June1998 29 0310088K88 1838811 22K F --- I- I~ Ex8 --rc12 088 WIe 1081881K S __________ Rare b3830048141ssMI94999 14SW4 8l30I488y84eM23 Vr148301 228C2 10801001810 8311K x-1 8347K08002281 SW38018828 400 fl 07 Kl71c8983 1983000 18800 linK014 838 370 828 10J 0l30J 0023 E- 8l4104 /018-r7 1 203034I-U818 1088Q\fl 838 00 003383/802022004 91 ~- 1-I-038l022~lCKICRx 7030-K~918 0S cool 18831838 A8181801001 - -I1 18 FRAME ROTE148320282722801010see, 15 10 coro15202530 148W2OSlO 014p R/C PULSE MINI LAB CIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLY Detail PML panel wiring Note PC board mounting bracketsPC holeboard installed place Drill two board edge holes held R20 R22 controlsneeded Dress wires through strain-relief wire loops Begin panel assembly marking drilling deburring holes installing panel-mounted components chose install printed paper panel overlay using spray contact adhesive before installing panel parts can label panel suitable manner Note PC board mounting brackets held place between controls R20 R22 panel Regulator 1C2 held directly panel 4-40 hardware Its metal mounting surface panel electrical ground 1C2 leads bent cut serve wiring points illustrated Polarize C4 CS correctly Note LED Dl cathode located near flat base device used colored Ace RIC wire panel also wire panel PC board on-panel wiring done PC board held near its final location wire lengths board panel can estimated Solder wires board first dressed photos cut final length reach associated panelmounted components Lead dress critical wiring accuracy should able flop board over its mounting brackets have panel board lay flat about 1 /2 inches separation can work both ease three two-cell battery holders held plastic case walls doublestick VelcroTM material Solder wires directly battery case terminalsdo use nine-volt snaps holders normally mate sure get holders wired series six pencells produce nine volts nominal everything wired installed correctly chose use two pins three-pin Deans connector between battery electronics wary mechanical interference between anything panel battery holders Everything fits box nicely little parts-placement care PML Checkout/Calibration Please follow sequence proceed step next until first working described During steps follow will connect DVM various internal test points PML DVM negative lead connected bare wire loop marked test clip loop board assembly drawing near location 20 DVM positive lead will variously connected throughout PML including IC pins connecting wires thereto etc process best done test leads having physically small test clips imperative carefullybe sure accidentally short adjacent IC pins other circuit points DVM DC voltage range used 20 volts 30 thats what meter has actual use DVM will connected two banana jacks PML panel 1I 97 PC ARC MID BRACKET FORM FROMOWO Sa WIDE K BS BRASS STIP NODES ALTOESATE 114 016 EXCEPOAS OTHERWISE S,OWN RIO PULSE MINI LAB FRONT PANEL DIMENSIONING Set switches SWI OFF 5W2 USE 5W3 EXT 5W4 midposition BATT Set controls trim pots about mid-range Install battery dont connect signal inputs outputs Temporarily connect lead banana jack Turn SWi LED Dl should lit DVM should read nine volts little Switch 5W4 RATE PW DVM reading should drop about 1 V 2 V respectively Leave 5W4 PW Connect r lead regulator 1C2 output pin C4 connected check 5 1- 1 volts Write down exact value turn SWi off Install 1C3 onlybeing absolutely sure its oriented correctly Note risk damaging ICs improper installation 19/IA Turn SWi use DVM measure 1C3 pins 12 8 voltages Both should measure about 25 1- 3 volts Measure 1C3 pin 4 voltage will nominally either 0 5 Measure pin 6 will either 5 0the opposite pin 4 Switch 5W3 INT Pin 4 should now read around 25 volts may jitter bit Switch 5W3 EXT Connect length wire input jack hold wire hand vicinity some line-operated appliance like lamp radio toaster wirewith attachedis intended 60-cycle Hz pickup antenna Proper circuit operation indicated DVM reading about 25 1- 03 volts 1C3 pin 4 remalns 0 5 either enough 60-cycle pickup unlikely 30 Model Aviation Q' C 5/10 CIA TV/S PLACES tTWO PlACES W 000 IA PWT 550IT 623 IT CAPTa NOTE P0660 635 BRACKETS OMITTED POT 0/4611K -- PAN& CADS P0660 EXPLODED POT CLARITY RIG PULSE MINI LAB REAR OF PANEL WIRING something else right Otherwise can remove antenna turn off SWi Install 1C5 & turn SWI Measure voltage 1C5 pin 3 should equal 1C2 voltage wrote down earlier cut temporary jumper ICS pin 2 ground pin 3 voltage should drop zero Reactivate antenna IC5 pin 3 voltage should rise several hundred millivolts Adjust R26 pin 3 read 60 volts meter now correctly reading power line frequency Pulse Rate Voltage converter calibrated Later IC 1 installed same reading will verified DVM terminals Remove antenna switch off SWi Now its time set Frame Rate control knob adjustment range selection RI 9the really tedious step whole procedure R 19 made two parts b get finer control over setting Frame Rate range total value R19 ll vary among assemblies because component tolerance buildup Switch SWi SW3 INT vary R20 over range note IC5 pin 3 DVM readings goal have range cover about 30-60 Hz 30-60 volts Chances rate control range will differ initiallythats R19 comes Increasing RI 9 shifts total control range downward decreasing shifts range upward final range need perfectly 3060 Hz should more-than-cover normal transmitter limits about 40-50 Hzie cover 40 50 DVM volts some extra past end suggest vary section b replacing nextclosest resistor value step time until obtain best range compromise rework carefully damage PC lands repeated soldering Switch SWi off Install 1C4 connect DVM positive lead 1C4 pin 3 SWI SW3 EXT 60-cycle antenna operational vary Output Pulse Width knob limit-to-limit note two DVM readings Vary screw adjustment R25 obtain knob limit values about 24 volts about 74 volts circuit operation will verified finalized DVM jacks following installation ICi Turn SWi off Install ICl set SW2 CAL SW3 EXT SW4 RATE reconnect 60-cycle pickup turn SWI Verify meter reading 60 ICS pin 3 also DVM positive panel jack Switch SW4 PW DVM should read between 15 25 volts Using previously noted 1C2 regulator voltage adjust R6 DVM reading given V 10 / regulator voltage example 1C2 previously read 496 did adjust R6 DVM reading 2016 Choose 202which about close can read step has calibrated PW/V circuit final step PML checkout confirm PW range available Pulse Width control knob DVM now connected its panel mounted jacks SWi SW2 USE 5W3 INT 5W4 PW vary R22 fully note limit values Pulse Width Control range should cover about 75 about 25 mSec range skewed off center touch up trimmer R25 idea have control go somewhat below 10 mSec above 20 mSec Install panel assembly case making sure no panel-mounted parts interfere batteries special note more-technically inclined R28 set DVM reading 60 Volts 60 Hz during Frame Rate calibration ICS output pulse width would exactly 2 mSec regulator voltage exactly 5 volts follows ratio pulse duration line frequency period 2/1 6666 fraction 5 volt regulator output ICS pin 3 before pin 2 jumper cut 12 x 5 60 volt automatically provides needed quality reference pulse calibrate PW/V converter Neat huh equation given permits same PML calibration accuracy regulator voltages less perfectthe typical case expect Using PML requires some adapter cables connect between input output connectors radio stuff suggest get some long aileron extensions cut half fit cut end suitable connector interface PML Use standard phono plug cable connects receiver Connect receiver ground negative plug body signal output wire plug tip Insulate leftover third receiver voltage wire its used PML signal output cable uses /8-inch three-conductor phone plug PML end servo connector other three June1998 33 Driving servo Indicated pulse width 140 mSecknown about 1% calibration accuracy Indicating received 191 mSec throttle channel pulse makes ESC servo setup easy wires used case PML supplied servo voltage along servo signal course ground negative lead Note 5 wire connected phone plug tipmost contact signal next contact ground plug body PML has redundant input output connectors shown necessities use convenience bench connecting oscilloscope etc Only really necessary markings Pulse Width Pulse Rate dials reference numbers dont mean anything specific use know approximately knobs should rough servo setup checkout always use DVM moreprecise work article referred pulse widths frame rates common values radio brands Some radios may use values other As designed built calibrated PML control ranges extend somewhat beyond common values However insufficient should still enough information herein modify control ranges needed Please write need assistance Chances much PML application will make use Frame Rate control Just set about rate measured radio forget ESCs respond framerate variation set Frame Rate control exactly radio proceed adjust ESCs total confidence ESCs frame-rate dependence include older Astro Aveox models Steve Neu products New Creations house-brand units reference purposes SWI 5W2 USE 5W3 INT 5W4 anywhere two control knobs about mid-range no input output connections PML draws just under 22 mA internal 9-volt six-cell pack suggest periodic check battery voltage 5W4 mid BATT position PML use Replace six pencells voltage falls below about 8 volts Remember use DVM 20or 30- volt DVM range PML calibrated recommend use fixed-range against autoranging meter PML will also work conventional analog moving needle meter wont have accuracy resolution digital BATT voltage check will accurate because lower input impedance DVMs have seen have least 10 meg Ohm input impedance Enjoy RC Pulse Mini-Lab welcome comments questions Please include SASE reply Kopski 25 West End Dr Lansdale PA 19446 PARTS LIST SEMICONDUCTORS ICi 1C2 tC3 1C4 ICS Q1Q2Q4 Q3 Q5 Dl D2 D3 D4 Cl C2 C17 C18 C3 Cl4 C4 CS C6 C8 C12 CIS C7 C9 ClO Cli C13 C16 LM324 Quad Operational Amp 7805 5 Volt Regulator 4069U Hex toverter TLC5SS CMOS Timer MP53904 NPN Transistor MP52907 PNP Transistor T 1/4 RED LED 1N4148 Switching Diode CAPACITORS 10 uFd 35 V Tantatum 10 uFd 16V Tantalum 10 uFd 35V Axial Aluminum 0022 uFd SOV Mylar 0001 uFd Disk Ceramic 01 uFd 50V Mylar 001 uFd 50V Mylar 01 uFd Monolithic 276-1711 276-1770 RSU 11392230 276-1718 276-2016 276-2023 276-041 276-1122 272-1434 272-1436 272-1013 272-1066 272- 126 272-1069 272-1065 272- 109 FIXED RESISTORS following -watt fixed carbon resistors contained Radio Shack Assortment catalog #271-3 12 Ri R2 R21 R27 R3 R24 R4 R7 R9 R31 R5 R8 R12 R13 RIS R17 R30 RlO Ri 1 R14 R16 R18 Rl9a initial see text R19b initial see text R23 R26 R29 22K 47K 1K 33K lOOK 560 Ohm 22K 10 Meg 1 Meg 150K 180K 39K 10K 68K VARIABLE RESISTORS R6 R20 R22 R25 R28 1K Trimmer lOOK Linear Taper Variable 47K Trimmer 47K Trimmer 27 1-280 27 1-092 27 1-28 1 27 1-283 SPDT Toggle DPDT Toggle SPDT Center OFF Toggle SWi 5W2 5W3 5W4 Phono Jacks Phono Plugs 1/s-inch Three-Conductor Open Circuit Phone Jack 1/s-inch Three-Conductor Phone Plug Pair Banana Jacks Two Pairs Banana Plugs 28 Pin IC DIP Sockets 214 Pin IC DIP Sockets 275-625 275-626 275-325 274-346 274-384 274-249 274-284 274-725 274-72 1 276-1995 276-1999 MISCELLANEOUS/MECHANICAL Project Box Universal PC Board Assortment Ace R/C Colored Wire 24 Gauge Wire tinned 3 2-Pencell Battery Holders LED Holder 6 AA Pencells 2 Knobs Hook-and-Loop Fasteners VelcroTM Deans three-pin connector set optional 032 x Brass strip 3 sets 4-40 x screw flat washer lock washer nut RC system aileron extension/connector set A/R Panel labeling desired 270-1806 276-168 278-1341 270-382 276-079 274-407 64-2345 34 Model Aviation CHES CONNECTORS AND SOCKETS
Edition: Model Aviation - 1998/06
Page Numbers: 27, 28, 29, 30, 33, 34
PUL SE multipurpose test accessoiy U will useful RCers Its compact all-rn-one instrument array lab including servo driver pulsemeasurement system internal calibrator Pulse MiniLab PML accurately measures control signal behavior radio system duplicates independent radio built entirely inexpensive readily available Radio Shack hobby store parts powered six alkaline pencells can drive servo Electronic Speed Control ESC am familiar Any modeler some soldering ability usual modeling tools can build PML review RC signal information used transmitter sends control pulses receiver receives decodes routes various servos typical servo pulse has variable width duration 1-2 milliseconds 001-002 second Servo position information contained pulse width width function transmitter control position Whatever pulse width repeated about 44 50 times second called frame rate Thus servo constantly getting updated positioning instructions times second Servos usually affected exact frame rate value long its close its design value also true ESCs some respond both frame rate pulse width variation have seen ordinary servo driver has calibrated Pulse Width Frame Rate Controls like Pulse Mini-Lab PML combination ordinary Digital Volt Meter DVM DMM plugs receiver like servo can measure exactly changing pulse width vary transmitter control also reads frame rate constant given radio can use PML servo driver function duplicate channels operation drive servo ESC Thus can set up new installation completely precisely ever using radio No build-ityourself servo driver Ive seen can Precision PML performance attained simple calibration procedure uses DVM temporary safe source 60-cycle power line frequency June 1998 27 U Bob Kopski Printed paper panel overlaY dresses-up versatile batterY powered RC test acCe5SOtY parts used build Mini-Lab readilY available Inside view PML can built ordinary tools some soldering ability PML operation best understood aid Block Diagram basic servo driver consists Frame Rate Generator Pulse Width Generator FRG makes 40-50-cycle frame rate discussed previously PWG makes variable width servo control pulse Both generators have control knobs PML panel Frame Rate Voltage Pulse Width Voltage converters circuits individually convert frequency duration information DC voltages Once calibrated voltages permit precise displays frame rate pulse width ordinary DVM Both parameters can measured externally supplied signals internal servo driver signals PML operates off internal six-pencell battery includes five-volt regulator power PML internal circuitry servo ESC under test Several panel-mounted switches used select PML functions switches set up interconnect input output signals along internal functional blocks perform various tasks Detailed circuit operation best understood reference Block Diagram Schematic PML servo driver includes schematic components IC3c R26 operational 5W3 ll4T position sets up 4069 Hex Inverter 1C3 sections c d e associated peripheral components classic electronic circuit known affinction generator Inverters c d used hysteresis latch section e connected linear operational integrator Frame Rate control R20 varies integration constant lower resistance speeds up function generator frequency As designed R20 can vary frame rate over nominal 30-60 cycles Hz range latch circuit produces crisp square wave IC3d pin 4 differentiated network Cl 1 land D4 resulting negative going spikes trigger ThC555 CMOS monostable timers 1C4 ICS Timer 1C4 Pulse Width Generator produces output pulse frame rate output pulse width adjustable about 075 about 25 mSec control R22 combination Frame Rate Generator Output Pulse Generator deliver control pulse behaves exactly like pulse output RC receiver Timer ICS also produces pulse frame rate serves two purposes function Frame Rate Voltage Converter 1C5s output pulse train filtered R30/C17 buffered ICld resulting DC average voltage read DVM measurement ratio volt per 100 Hz will set during calibration FR/V converter measures frequency rate either internal servo driver externally supplied signals second function ICS supply precision calibration pulse via Q5 calibration Pulse Width Voltage Converter Pulse Width Voltage converter circuit includes schematic parts Cl through RI 1 Except during calibration PW/V converter SIGNAL OUTPUT NT EXT SW3 EXTERNA SIGNAL NP UT BANOPASS EXTFRAME AMPLIFIERNTRATE SWTb GENERATOR 1C3 c d 1C3 b etcetc R20 -- FRAME RATE FIVE VOLTsw REGULATOR CAL 5W2TO VOLTAGE SW 4 DAM SWITCH OVM PULSEFRAME RATEWIDTHTO VOLTAGE GENERATORCONVERTER IC 4 etc Ic 5 etC 1 V Hz R22 -- OUTPUT PULSE WIDTH RIO PULSE MINI LAB BLOCK DIAGRAM monitors pulses appearing output connector include externally supplied pulses internal servo driver pulses operation pulses turn Ql Q2 off duration pulse Q2 off electronic current pump ICla Q3 etc linearly charges capacitor C2 rate set trimmer adjustment R6 linearly rising ramp voltage C2 coupled peak hold circuit IClb Q4 etc peak value reached held capacitor C3 IC ic buffers voltage drives external DVM description should clear ramp voltage level reached end applied pulse directly proportional width pulse Once circuitry calibrated DVM displays pulse duration basic relationship volt per mSec Pulse widths about 5 25 mSec 5 25 volts can read about percent accuracy 5W3 EXT position internal function generator disabled PML set up accept external inputs External inputs can pulse outputs receiver 60 Hz signal used calibration can input pulses another servo driver use PML calibrate External input signals route output connector PWIV converter Bandpass Amplifier block IC3a JC3b etc latter block needed PML calibration does neither good nor harm signals receivers operation amplifier output signals appear IC3b pin 8 drive hysteresis latch trigger timers 1C4 ICS before Pulse Width Generator 1C4 output used EXT mode timer ICS output now used measure rate incoming signals ICS output will also used calibrate PWIV converter 60 cycle external signal 28 Model Aviation S ndt 9 H- IL NOTE Uness sIo CoX,~55 esXors Ohrss Copoc,OCS 45 Ill IFd NPNs oe 2N39S4 PNPS 55 MPS2AST 2k3556 R/O PULSE MINI LAB SCHEMATIC E X I~ [v32][b-2-10-1-10]]I 4 -- 91 x -I--, -I cx---99-99 -4----x------- -x 99 .9 A---VYT\ 202530 eM 01101002 R/C PULSE MINI LAB CIRCUIT BOARD JUMPERS I --\91-I Construction straightforward Most circuitry built universal Radio Shack PC holeboard some wired right panel-mounted components board panel sections interconnected 13 flexible wires Begin using #11 blade cut circuit board conductors X locations will have nine conductor cuts done sure cuts clean correct locations Install jumper wires shown Jumpers drawing see below about dotted jumpers Use solid 24-gauge similar bare wire except insulated jumper near 1C5 IC 1 Two insulated U-shaped wire loops located upper board corners serve lead-out wire strain reliefs Confirm 54 wires PC holeboard before proceeding dotted jumper wires fall underneath IC sockets R25 except ICS pin 2 solder until sockets also place comes next Orient sockets identifier notches properly located help eliminate IC installation error later ICs will installed individually during checkout calibration install ahead time Note wire ICS pm2 temporary jumper will cut open during calibration Continue assembly trim pots followed transistors sure get PNPs NPNs sorted oriented correctly Install diodes noting dotted circles drawing symbols indicate cathode down color band near end physical diodes cathode symbol Install tantalum capacitors h polarityand resistors flexible board lead-out wires will installed later thing helps during such assembly work install like parts numeric sequence checking off assembly drawing once installed Cleanup inspection finished board important step Scrub copper side small brush solvent like acetone remove flux Avoid getting solvent component side Inspect work lens especially watchful land-to-land shorts missed connections Set board aside June1998 29 0310088K88 1838811 22K F --- I- I~ Ex8 --rc12 088 WIe 1081881K S __________ Rare b3830048141ssMI94999 14SW4 8l30I488y84eM23 Vr148301 228C2 10801001810 8311K x-1 8347K08002281 SW38018828 400 fl 07 Kl71c8983 1983000 18800 linK014 838 370 828 10J 0l30J 0023 E- 8l4104 /018-r7 1 203034I-U818 1088Q\fl 838 00 003383/802022004 91 ~- 1-I-038l022~lCKICRx 7030-K~918 0S cool 18831838 A8181801001 - -I1 18 FRAME ROTE148320282722801010see, 15 10 coro15202530 148W2OSlO 014p R/C PULSE MINI LAB CIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLY Detail PML panel wiring Note PC board mounting bracketsPC holeboard installed place Drill two board edge holes held R20 R22 controlsneeded Dress wires through strain-relief wire loops Begin panel assembly marking drilling deburring holes installing panel-mounted components chose install printed paper panel overlay using spray contact adhesive before installing panel parts can label panel suitable manner Note PC board mounting brackets held place between controls R20 R22 panel Regulator 1C2 held directly panel 4-40 hardware Its metal mounting surface panel electrical ground 1C2 leads bent cut serve wiring points illustrated Polarize C4 CS correctly Note LED Dl cathode located near flat base device used colored Ace RIC wire panel also wire panel PC board on-panel wiring done PC board held near its final location wire lengths board panel can estimated Solder wires board first dressed photos cut final length reach associated panelmounted components Lead dress critical wiring accuracy should able flop board over its mounting brackets have panel board lay flat about 1 /2 inches separation can work both ease three two-cell battery holders held plastic case walls doublestick VelcroTM material Solder wires directly battery case terminalsdo use nine-volt snaps holders normally mate sure get holders wired series six pencells produce nine volts nominal everything wired installed correctly chose use two pins three-pin Deans connector between battery electronics wary mechanical interference between anything panel battery holders Everything fits box nicely little parts-placement care PML Checkout/Calibration Please follow sequence proceed step next until first working described During steps follow will connect DVM various internal test points PML DVM negative lead connected bare wire loop marked test clip loop board assembly drawing near location 20 DVM positive lead will variously connected throughout PML including IC pins connecting wires thereto etc process best done test leads having physically small test clips imperative carefullybe sure accidentally short adjacent IC pins other circuit points DVM DC voltage range used 20 volts 30 thats what meter has actual use DVM will connected two banana jacks PML panel 1I 97 PC ARC MID BRACKET FORM FROMOWO Sa WIDE K BS BRASS STIP NODES ALTOESATE 114 016 EXCEPOAS OTHERWISE S,OWN RIO PULSE MINI LAB FRONT PANEL DIMENSIONING Set switches SWI OFF 5W2 USE 5W3 EXT 5W4 midposition BATT Set controls trim pots about mid-range Install battery dont connect signal inputs outputs Temporarily connect lead banana jack Turn SWi LED Dl should lit DVM should read nine volts little Switch 5W4 RATE PW DVM reading should drop about 1 V 2 V respectively Leave 5W4 PW Connect r lead regulator 1C2 output pin C4 connected check 5 1- 1 volts Write down exact value turn SWi off Install 1C3 onlybeing absolutely sure its oriented correctly Note risk damaging ICs improper installation 19/IA Turn SWi use DVM measure 1C3 pins 12 8 voltages Both should measure about 25 1- 3 volts Measure 1C3 pin 4 voltage will nominally either 0 5 Measure pin 6 will either 5 0the opposite pin 4 Switch 5W3 INT Pin 4 should now read around 25 volts may jitter bit Switch 5W3 EXT Connect length wire input jack hold wire hand vicinity some line-operated appliance like lamp radio toaster wirewith attachedis intended 60-cycle Hz pickup antenna Proper circuit operation indicated DVM reading about 25 1- 03 volts 1C3 pin 4 remalns 0 5 either enough 60-cycle pickup unlikely 30 Model Aviation Q' C 5/10 CIA TV/S PLACES tTWO PlACES W 000 IA PWT 550IT 623 IT CAPTa NOTE P0660 635 BRACKETS OMITTED POT 0/4611K -- PAN& CADS P0660 EXPLODED POT CLARITY RIG PULSE MINI LAB REAR OF PANEL WIRING something else right Otherwise can remove antenna turn off SWi Install 1C5 & turn SWI Measure voltage 1C5 pin 3 should equal 1C2 voltage wrote down earlier cut temporary jumper ICS pin 2 ground pin 3 voltage should drop zero Reactivate antenna IC5 pin 3 voltage should rise several hundred millivolts Adjust R26 pin 3 read 60 volts meter now correctly reading power line frequency Pulse Rate Voltage converter calibrated Later IC 1 installed same reading will verified DVM terminals Remove antenna switch off SWi Now its time set Frame Rate control knob adjustment range selection RI 9the really tedious step whole procedure R 19 made two parts b get finer control over setting Frame Rate range total value R19 ll vary among assemblies because component tolerance buildup Switch SWi SW3 INT vary R20 over range note IC5 pin 3 DVM readings goal have range cover about 30-60 Hz 30-60 volts Chances rate control range will differ initiallythats R19 comes Increasing RI 9 shifts total control range downward decreasing shifts range upward final range need perfectly 3060 Hz should more-than-cover normal transmitter limits about 40-50 Hzie cover 40 50 DVM volts some extra past end suggest vary section b replacing nextclosest resistor value step time until obtain best range compromise rework carefully damage PC lands repeated soldering Switch SWi off Install 1C4 connect DVM positive lead 1C4 pin 3 SWI SW3 EXT 60-cycle antenna operational vary Output Pulse Width knob limit-to-limit note two DVM readings Vary screw adjustment R25 obtain knob limit values about 24 volts about 74 volts circuit operation will verified finalized DVM jacks following installation ICi Turn SWi off Install ICl set SW2 CAL SW3 EXT SW4 RATE reconnect 60-cycle pickup turn SWI Verify meter reading 60 ICS pin 3 also DVM positive panel jack Switch SW4 PW DVM should read between 15 25 volts Using previously noted 1C2 regulator voltage adjust R6 DVM reading given V 10 / regulator voltage example 1C2 previously read 496 did adjust R6 DVM reading 2016 Choose 202which about close can read step has calibrated PW/V circuit final step PML checkout confirm PW range available Pulse Width control knob DVM now connected its panel mounted jacks SWi SW2 USE 5W3 INT 5W4 PW vary R22 fully note limit values Pulse Width Control range should cover about 75 about 25 mSec range skewed off center touch up trimmer R25 idea have control go somewhat below 10 mSec above 20 mSec Install panel assembly case making sure no panel-mounted parts interfere batteries special note more-technically inclined R28 set DVM reading 60 Volts 60 Hz during Frame Rate calibration ICS output pulse width would exactly 2 mSec regulator voltage exactly 5 volts follows ratio pulse duration line frequency period 2/1 6666 fraction 5 volt regulator output ICS pin 3 before pin 2 jumper cut 12 x 5 60 volt automatically provides needed quality reference pulse calibrate PW/V converter Neat huh equation given permits same PML calibration accuracy regulator voltages less perfectthe typical case expect Using PML requires some adapter cables connect between input output connectors radio stuff suggest get some long aileron extensions cut half fit cut end suitable connector interface PML Use standard phono plug cable connects receiver Connect receiver ground negative plug body signal output wire plug tip Insulate leftover third receiver voltage wire its used PML signal output cable uses /8-inch three-conductor phone plug PML end servo connector other three June1998 33 Driving servo Indicated pulse width 140 mSecknown about 1% calibration accuracy Indicating received 191 mSec throttle channel pulse makes ESC servo setup easy wires used case PML supplied servo voltage along servo signal course ground negative lead Note 5 wire connected phone plug tipmost contact signal next contact ground plug body PML has redundant input output connectors shown necessities use convenience bench connecting oscilloscope etc Only really necessary markings Pulse Width Pulse Rate dials reference numbers dont mean anything specific use know approximately knobs should rough servo setup checkout always use DVM moreprecise work article referred pulse widths frame rates common values radio brands Some radios may use values other As designed built calibrated PML control ranges extend somewhat beyond common values However insufficient should still enough information herein modify control ranges needed Please write need assistance Chances much PML application will make use Frame Rate control Just set about rate measured radio forget ESCs respond framerate variation set Frame Rate control exactly radio proceed adjust ESCs total confidence ESCs frame-rate dependence include older Astro Aveox models Steve Neu products New Creations house-brand units reference purposes SWI 5W2 USE 5W3 INT 5W4 anywhere two control knobs about mid-range no input output connections PML draws just under 22 mA internal 9-volt six-cell pack suggest periodic check battery voltage 5W4 mid BATT position PML use Replace six pencells voltage falls below about 8 volts Remember use DVM 20or 30- volt DVM range PML calibrated recommend use fixed-range against autoranging meter PML will also work conventional analog moving needle meter wont have accuracy resolution digital BATT voltage check will accurate because lower input impedance DVMs have seen have least 10 meg Ohm input impedance Enjoy RC Pulse Mini-Lab welcome comments questions Please include SASE reply Kopski 25 West End Dr Lansdale PA 19446 PARTS LIST SEMICONDUCTORS ICi 1C2 tC3 1C4 ICS Q1Q2Q4 Q3 Q5 Dl D2 D3 D4 Cl C2 C17 C18 C3 Cl4 C4 CS C6 C8 C12 CIS C7 C9 ClO Cli C13 C16 LM324 Quad Operational Amp 7805 5 Volt Regulator 4069U Hex toverter TLC5SS CMOS Timer MP53904 NPN Transistor MP52907 PNP Transistor T 1/4 RED LED 1N4148 Switching Diode CAPACITORS 10 uFd 35 V Tantatum 10 uFd 16V Tantalum 10 uFd 35V Axial Aluminum 0022 uFd SOV Mylar 0001 uFd Disk Ceramic 01 uFd 50V Mylar 001 uFd 50V Mylar 01 uFd Monolithic 276-1711 276-1770 RSU 11392230 276-1718 276-2016 276-2023 276-041 276-1122 272-1434 272-1436 272-1013 272-1066 272- 126 272-1069 272-1065 272- 109 FIXED RESISTORS following -watt fixed carbon resistors contained Radio Shack Assortment catalog #271-3 12 Ri R2 R21 R27 R3 R24 R4 R7 R9 R31 R5 R8 R12 R13 RIS R17 R30 RlO Ri 1 R14 R16 R18 Rl9a initial see text R19b initial see text R23 R26 R29 22K 47K 1K 33K lOOK 560 Ohm 22K 10 Meg 1 Meg 150K 180K 39K 10K 68K VARIABLE RESISTORS R6 R20 R22 R25 R28 1K Trimmer lOOK Linear Taper Variable 47K Trimmer 47K Trimmer 27 1-280 27 1-092 27 1-28 1 27 1-283 SPDT Toggle DPDT Toggle SPDT Center OFF Toggle SWi 5W2 5W3 5W4 Phono Jacks Phono Plugs 1/s-inch Three-Conductor Open Circuit Phone Jack 1/s-inch Three-Conductor Phone Plug Pair Banana Jacks Two Pairs Banana Plugs 28 Pin IC DIP Sockets 214 Pin IC DIP Sockets 275-625 275-626 275-325 274-346 274-384 274-249 274-284 274-725 274-72 1 276-1995 276-1999 MISCELLANEOUS/MECHANICAL Project Box Universal PC Board Assortment Ace R/C Colored Wire 24 Gauge Wire tinned 3 2-Pencell Battery Holders LED Holder 6 AA Pencells 2 Knobs Hook-and-Loop Fasteners VelcroTM Deans three-pin connector set optional 032 x Brass strip 3 sets 4-40 x screw flat washer lock washer nut RC system aileron extension/connector set A/R Panel labeling desired 270-1806 276-168 278-1341 270-382 276-079 274-407 64-2345 34 Model Aviation CHES CONNECTORS AND SOCKETS