Scale Bob Dolly Wischer UNEXPECTED STALLS Warped wings deadly Warps result greater angle incidence wing tip root worst condition known washin model type warp wing needs lots aileron trim control transmitter keep model rolling turn condi tion worsens add high angle attack using elevator increase climb during steep turn affects model differently various speeds elevator trim control used trim wings angle tackthe angle meets coming flow air warped wing tip already near stall will suddenly stop flying Up elevator applied since its angle attack increased beyond critical point lift lost heavier model built earlier stall will occur because wing initially higher angle attack support weight both wings warped similarly stall will occur anyway direction resulting snap roll will less predictable wings angle attack affected turns loop maneuvers slow flight wings lifting ability steep turn loop similarly affected Slow speed can result too small engine closed-throttle operation loop angle attack increased sharply pro duce lift climb during first half borrowing energy speed UN DES IRE AB LE WASH-IN WARP wing tip warped greater incidence wing root perilous fly because great probability tip will stall does snap roll spin can result Critical flight conditions include takeoff steep turns loops gil ding turns CHORD LINE OF STABILIZER CHORD LINE OF WINGANGLE difference incidence angle between wing stabilizer often reduced Scale models conform Patternplane practice zero-zero settings andlor com pensate light weight compared actual plane engine situation often leads too-rearward location center gravity pitch instability WASH-OUT WARP Wings intentionally built tips equaily warped lesser incidence root stable near stalling speed because wing root will stall first will positive lift tips maintaining good lateral stability thrust divert models path curve After top loop gravity takes over energy source con siderable Up elevator needed round out loop return level flight because gravity combines cen trifugal force impose heavy loads wing bottom loop Result greater angle attack begin ning end maneuver Too great wing stalls followed inevitable snap roll can continue spin have seen own others air planes spin out loop steep turn has same effect angle attack must increased Hal Parentis Bell P-39D Airacobra Left has made ap pearances Nats other contests 1/6-scale spans 62 weighs 11 lb uses Supertigre 60 power Finish K&B epoxy Eugene Thibodeaus Mitsubishi A6M2 Zero Above began life Top Flits kit Ten-lb plane flies K&B 60 engine Finish Perfect paint over fIberglass resin 48 Model Aviation provide sufficient lift 1 carry airplanes weight now multiplied cen trifugal force 2 change airplanes direction Lifting airplane off runway using elevator control similar beginning loop change direction requiring increased lift can stall warped wing told average RC model flight has kinetic energy equivalent speeding 45 caliber bullet No would stand path bullet attempt changing its direction time Up ele vator used alter models flight path avoid attendant problems associ ated washin warp models some times built having intentional warp wings opposite direction called washout wing tips have less incidence angle wing root type warp often employed fullscale aircraft prevent tip-stall tenden cies assure wing root near fuselage will stall first tips continue supply good lift Four five degrees warp may seem excessive would straight wing sharp ly-tapered wing amount normal Washout isnt cure-all may appear models flying inverted becomes washin Its action all-important angle attack related center gravity location model rearward CG modeler finds drastic Down elevator trim needed maintain level flight fact may insufficient effect moving elevator trim control transmitter flier forced change linkage elevator servo obtain Down elevator effect reduces wing tip angle attack point tips merely going along ride arent providing share lift model becomes laterally unsta ble tips rising falling model difficult maintain level flight Now add weight nose pro vide increased stability because know experience works can Continued page 135 CopyrIght 1977 MPC rights reserved HEAD LOCK On-Board HEAD LOCKK~zNiera Re oteSwehA CannectatAi6y Extornal Start/Chargin~Nead Jack SwitchW/Pfuit ELIMINATE DEAD STICK LANDINGS Fits OS 4 stroke & standard glow plugs Complete HEAD LOCK Mark Ill GP connector external start external start/charge jack charger w/HEAD LOCK connector quality 12 AH Nicad w/mount Completely assembled ready mount nothing else buy US made SINGLE CYL $3795 TWO CYL $4495 MULTIPLEX 14 Function ROYAL mc Especially Competition Flyer Competitors Edge Exclusive MEMORY SOFT MODULE Flight tested since 1979 2001 FM Narrowband PCM Fast accurate service repair March 7725 E Redfield Rd e 105 tsdale Airpark tsdale Arizona 85260 602483-9577 Beemer RC West Distributors Inc 1986 49 Drawings Smithsonian Institution used George Roses scratch-built Spad Xiii 1 /5-scaic Left Mod el spans 63 weighs 111/2 ib An Enya Sofour-stroke powers Greg Wilsons scratch-built Bristol Mi-C Above 1/4-scale 8-ft span weighs 20 lb uses Kawasaki 35 Cu power immense spinner about eight inches diameter RC Soaring/Pruss Continued page 131 fin wire pivot-rod inserted result floppy stabilizer because usual loose tolerance tween wire tubing Some mod elers have come up remedies include larger bearing surfaces cant done some models especially smaller ones thin airfoil sections stab Greggs fix can considered almost universal Using 034-in circuit board material simply inlays two small squares left right skins vertical fin Using index drill precisely diameter pivot rod gives stab assembly thats rigid have try believe Fiberglass fuselages can use fix scabbing circuit board pieces side fin section finished models pieces could attached outside minor shimming being done root section stabilizer common wire diameters following should help 4-in music wire use No 52 index drill drilling circuit board /2-in music wire use No 42 drill way thickness circuit board material isnt critical Bob Sealy has line fiberglass/ epoxy fuselages mentioned MARCS Symposium report work absolutely finest quality Prices range $25 Two-Meter Stand ard-class sizes $70 cross-coun try/Unlimited-class fuselages line also includes some glass versions wellknown kit designs detailed catalog sheet send SASE Robert Sealy 521 96th Lane NE Blame MN 55434 phone 612 780-2737 following wont revolutionize RC Soaring did ever want use thicker rib material say A2-in balsa stead /16 didnt want weight penalty Well Sealy does obvious cuts lightening holes Depending rib size Sealy uses No 11 X-Acto blade plywood template smaller ribs uses brass plug-cutters says takes about five minutes per rib Now theres craftsman nothing time hands have just few ideas what some troops doing make modeling lives easier enjoyable Good lift Parts list Jack Hiners audio amplifier part description followed Radio Shack catalog number LM386 IC 2761731 10K potentiometer 27 1-335 eightohm speaker 40-1203C subminiature plug6 universal PC board 67184 220 mfd capacitor 272-956 SPST switch case assorted wire 9V battery battery connector Dan Pruss 131 F Pennington Ln Plain leld IL 60544 RC Scale/Wischers Continued page 49 Scale models wing already heavily loaded made stable adding weight First have changed longitudinal dihedral adding nose weight Down elevator trim now removed level flight Up ele vator trim substituted result down-force stabilizer-elevator combination increases rise airspeed tail depressed reduce speed nose rises speed drops off tail down-force dimin ishes raise tail positive stability formula fore-and-aft stabil ity used full-size aircraft Scale models tend decrease angular difference between wing tail incidence angles because engines weigh much less relative total plane weight full-size aircraft engine weight greater percentage total weight Decreasing angular difference leads longitudinal instability model flight tends hunt level position nose rising falling Add ing nose weight re-trimming eleva tor stops_the action model re mains level fore aft disturbed level flight will come back level its own Adding nose weight has done something extra provide lateral stability washed-out wing tips now flying positive aiigle attack doing share lifting wing tips have ceased continuous rise fall Ailerons large having excessive travel sought-after aileron author ity slow flight can have same effect warped wing Ailerons used establish steeply banked turn Recovery level flight application opposite aileron aileron low wing dropped attempt lifting side lowered aileron has great drag pulls nose down due adverse yaw pilot compensates everincreasing aileron steep turn angle attack increased point near stall Up elevator control because large portion wings lift being ex pended change direction flight rather support model Now lowered aileron acting like warped wing stall wing its aileron Stalls result excessive angle attack aileron actually modifies wing tips angle manner similar warp model snap-rolls over top spin could fatal low altitude isnt time airspace apply Down elevator recovery Several remedies available 1 Use less aileron elevator travel servo linkage 2 Learn use rudder con4$b OGA DESIGNS 44 Full Body Pilot Kit sLightest Pilot available sLifeilke vinyl la tex rubber parts Easy assemble finish eBuild either barnstormer sportsman pilot skit contains pilot head hands boots helmet cap goggles full templates easy instructions eFully positionable & moveable eSome simple sewing required WeightPrice 1/6Scale2oz$ 795 1/4 Scale4oz$ 995 lI3ScaleSoz*$1695 Weightmay vary depending material used construction DGA DESIGNS Bust Pilot Kit Weight 1/6 Scale 75 oz 1/4 Scale 1Soz 1/3 Scale 225 oz Price 595 795 $1495 sLightest bust pilot available sLifelike vinyl latex rubber parts sEasy assemble finish eBuild either barnstormer sportsman pilot Kit contains pilot head helmet cap goggles jacket instructions See dealer order direct Add $100 shipping direct orders Send $100 current catalog Dealers inquiries invited NYS Residents add 7 percent sales tax Send Check MO Allow 3 weeks check clearSorry-No COD s introducing. frebGll R/C Idle-Bar Glow Plugs Long Short Also.Only $1 69 Traditional line non-idle bar Glow Plugs Six Types 3 Heat Ranges High Performance Glow Element Blow Proof Seal Only $1 29 Swanson Associates PO Box 151 ne NJ 07470AI/Mk March 1986 135 PRECISION SAND AND SHAPE With. 4 Custom Aluminum MINI Extrusion Sanding Block TEE8AREspecially designed -for small sanding jobs Sander Pack contains 3 sheets assorted die-cut sandpaper Regular lengtl~ le length 10718for21 7/8 handy use TEE PB bigger jobs truer surfaces Regular Double Self Adhesive Sheet Sandpaper Customize sanding like pros 369 xli abeets per pack 12 medaa 12 fne 12 saperfne per sheet Post add 20% Catalog 25 APPLIED DESIGN CORP El Segundo CA 90245 [DCO SKY D[VI[ 65 Ignition Approved 90 Da' Warraiitv Twin Ball Bearing Crank Americas finest old-timer e4gine Originally designed Hassad & Havlik replica engine resonic tuning ensures continuous flow power through speed range Look out green one$ goodbye red headT&Ds replica Sky Devil 65 $279 less coil cond & plug Caht icsidents add 6% sales tax ORDR DIRCT T&D RESEARCH Assocmms 6371 El Cajon Blvd Suite 115 San Dicgo CA 92115 $1 FOR BROCHURE junction aileron stop adverse yaw 3 full-size plane washout built its wing tips use model also 4 full-size Frise-type ailerons hinges near lower sur face use model 5 Use cou pled aileron rudder some transmit ters offer option 6 Build lighterweight models 7 Learn gentle transmitter control stick enter ing recovering turns particular ly steeply banked 8 Learn rotate gently climb after takeoff Sudden application load wing near stall slow speed can cause snap-roll Sud den application aileron point can likewise 9 Use aileron differential travel up down Frise-type ailerons seldom used models extra time effort needed build wing regarded waste have negative com ments about value effectiveness must agree seem have limits small models As models become larger however has definite trend Scale Frise ailerons work just well models full-size aircraft hinge point located near below ailerons lower surface pivot point some distance back ailerons leading edge aileron moves upward overhung leading edge dips below wing surface induce drag purpose balancing drag lowered aileron opposite wing thereby controlling adverse yaw Air forced up througli hinge slot flow over up-raised aileron increased ef fectiveness Air also flows through hinge slot lowered aileron help prevent stalling aileron aileron cross section actually airfoil shape similar smaller wing Full-size aircraft use other hinge arrangements will em ploy differing methods reducing control problems such washout wing tips changing airfoils between root tips differential ailerons Some aircraft carry differential extremes DH Tiger Moth example up-trav el almost zero down direction scratch-builders -designers Scale models insist upon reproducing razor-thin wing tips prototype vulnerable tip-stall control problems Some kits have seen thickened airfoil wing tips may 100% Scale fly well forgiving control sins producers reputation established having flyable prodlucts Bob Dolly Wischer S-221 Lapham Peak Rd Delafield WI 53018 RC Aerobatics/Van Putte Continued page 51 something has tough along way have find ways improve designs ourselves circumvent rules 85 case hindsight answer can wonder protestor whatever neededwas used obtain proper judging Certainly point should made now fu ture competitions will judged properly Otherwise TA pattern has trigued apparent need new specialized aircraft have watched progress does seem some advancements have made could help define design needs clearly looks like will take time developmentno simple answer com plex requirement has think judging will tighten up meet rules Also people attempt meet needs rules will better off long run depend circumventing current-style models have some ideas would like try time will ever permit could entirely different type craft could better TA pattern Think Vegas findings example hope enjoyed Hals letter much did Theres lot good thoughts Turnaround Pat tern fliers would well ponder Ron Van Putte 111 Sleepy Oaks Rd Ft Walton Beach FL 32548 RC Electrics/Kopski Continued page 53 dise size price levels availa blefrom several suppliersto help experience Electric Elation first time continuing Electric success thIng find curious previous tabulation under stand price-appeal smaller motors larger ones much have hard time understanding 25s 40s dont find acceptance Per sonally fly sizes find larger planes appealing ground-handling ability appreciate extra demands place charging ways deal charging larger packs MA May June 1985 may want consider aspects plan new Electric project ElectrIc Aeromodeling Association have some turbulent times past two organizations dedicated Electric cause first SEAM Society Electric Aircraft Model ers disappeared sometime during past year far know dead issue unfortunate because SEAM original AMA-recognized spe cialty organization Electric interests have own suspicions what hap pened doesnt matter surviving organization 136 Model Aviation
Edition: Model Aviation - 1986/03
Page Numbers: 48, 49, 135, 136
Scale Bob Dolly Wischer UNEXPECTED STALLS Warped wings deadly Warps result greater angle incidence wing tip root worst condition known washin model type warp wing needs lots aileron trim control transmitter keep model rolling turn condi tion worsens add high angle attack using elevator increase climb during steep turn affects model differently various speeds elevator trim control used trim wings angle tackthe angle meets coming flow air warped wing tip already near stall will suddenly stop flying Up elevator applied since its angle attack increased beyond critical point lift lost heavier model built earlier stall will occur because wing initially higher angle attack support weight both wings warped similarly stall will occur anyway direction resulting snap roll will less predictable wings angle attack affected turns loop maneuvers slow flight wings lifting ability steep turn loop similarly affected Slow speed can result too small engine closed-throttle operation loop angle attack increased sharply pro duce lift climb during first half borrowing energy speed UN DES IRE AB LE WASH-IN WARP wing tip warped greater incidence wing root perilous fly because great probability tip will stall does snap roll spin can result Critical flight conditions include takeoff steep turns loops gil ding turns CHORD LINE OF STABILIZER CHORD LINE OF WINGANGLE difference incidence angle between wing stabilizer often reduced Scale models conform Patternplane practice zero-zero settings andlor com pensate light weight compared actual plane engine situation often leads too-rearward location center gravity pitch instability WASH-OUT WARP Wings intentionally built tips equaily warped lesser incidence root stable near stalling speed because wing root will stall first will positive lift tips maintaining good lateral stability thrust divert models path curve After top loop gravity takes over energy source con siderable Up elevator needed round out loop return level flight because gravity combines cen trifugal force impose heavy loads wing bottom loop Result greater angle attack begin ning end maneuver Too great wing stalls followed inevitable snap roll can continue spin have seen own others air planes spin out loop steep turn has same effect angle attack must increased Hal Parentis Bell P-39D Airacobra Left has made ap pearances Nats other contests 1/6-scale spans 62 weighs 11 lb uses Supertigre 60 power Finish K&B epoxy Eugene Thibodeaus Mitsubishi A6M2 Zero Above began life Top Flits kit Ten-lb plane flies K&B 60 engine Finish Perfect paint over fIberglass resin 48 Model Aviation provide sufficient lift 1 carry airplanes weight now multiplied cen trifugal force 2 change airplanes direction Lifting airplane off runway using elevator control similar beginning loop change direction requiring increased lift can stall warped wing told average RC model flight has kinetic energy equivalent speeding 45 caliber bullet No would stand path bullet attempt changing its direction time Up ele vator used alter models flight path avoid attendant problems associ ated washin warp models some times built having intentional warp wings opposite direction called washout wing tips have less incidence angle wing root type warp often employed fullscale aircraft prevent tip-stall tenden cies assure wing root near fuselage will stall first tips continue supply good lift Four five degrees warp may seem excessive would straight wing sharp ly-tapered wing amount normal Washout isnt cure-all may appear models flying inverted becomes washin Its action all-important angle attack related center gravity location model rearward CG modeler finds drastic Down elevator trim needed maintain level flight fact may insufficient effect moving elevator trim control transmitter flier forced change linkage elevator servo obtain Down elevator effect reduces wing tip angle attack point tips merely going along ride arent providing share lift model becomes laterally unsta ble tips rising falling model difficult maintain level flight Now add weight nose pro vide increased stability because know experience works can Continued page 135 CopyrIght 1977 MPC rights reserved HEAD LOCK On-Board HEAD LOCKK~zNiera Re oteSwehA CannectatAi6y Extornal Start/Chargin~Nead Jack SwitchW/Pfuit ELIMINATE DEAD STICK LANDINGS Fits OS 4 stroke & standard glow plugs Complete HEAD LOCK Mark Ill GP connector external start external start/charge jack charger w/HEAD LOCK connector quality 12 AH Nicad w/mount Completely assembled ready mount nothing else buy US made SINGLE CYL $3795 TWO CYL $4495 MULTIPLEX 14 Function ROYAL mc Especially Competition Flyer Competitors Edge Exclusive MEMORY SOFT MODULE Flight tested since 1979 2001 FM Narrowband PCM Fast accurate service repair March 7725 E Redfield Rd e 105 tsdale Airpark tsdale Arizona 85260 602483-9577 Beemer RC West Distributors Inc 1986 49 Drawings Smithsonian Institution used George Roses scratch-built Spad Xiii 1 /5-scaic Left Mod el spans 63 weighs 111/2 ib An Enya Sofour-stroke powers Greg Wilsons scratch-built Bristol Mi-C Above 1/4-scale 8-ft span weighs 20 lb uses Kawasaki 35 Cu power immense spinner about eight inches diameter RC Soaring/Pruss Continued page 131 fin wire pivot-rod inserted result floppy stabilizer because usual loose tolerance tween wire tubing Some mod elers have come up remedies include larger bearing surfaces cant done some models especially smaller ones thin airfoil sections stab Greggs fix can considered almost universal Using 034-in circuit board material simply inlays two small squares left right skins vertical fin Using index drill precisely diameter pivot rod gives stab assembly thats rigid have try believe Fiberglass fuselages can use fix scabbing circuit board pieces side fin section finished models pieces could attached outside minor shimming being done root section stabilizer common wire diameters following should help 4-in music wire use No 52 index drill drilling circuit board /2-in music wire use No 42 drill way thickness circuit board material isnt critical Bob Sealy has line fiberglass/ epoxy fuselages mentioned MARCS Symposium report work absolutely finest quality Prices range $25 Two-Meter Stand ard-class sizes $70 cross-coun try/Unlimited-class fuselages line also includes some glass versions wellknown kit designs detailed catalog sheet send SASE Robert Sealy 521 96th Lane NE Blame MN 55434 phone 612 780-2737 following wont revolutionize RC Soaring did ever want use thicker rib material say A2-in balsa stead /16 didnt want weight penalty Well Sealy does obvious cuts lightening holes Depending rib size Sealy uses No 11 X-Acto blade plywood template smaller ribs uses brass plug-cutters says takes about five minutes per rib Now theres craftsman nothing time hands have just few ideas what some troops doing make modeling lives easier enjoyable Good lift Parts list Jack Hiners audio amplifier part description followed Radio Shack catalog number LM386 IC 2761731 10K potentiometer 27 1-335 eightohm speaker 40-1203C subminiature plug6 universal PC board 67184 220 mfd capacitor 272-956 SPST switch case assorted wire 9V battery battery connector Dan Pruss 131 F Pennington Ln Plain leld IL 60544 RC Scale/Wischers Continued page 49 Scale models wing already heavily loaded made stable adding weight First have changed longitudinal dihedral adding nose weight Down elevator trim now removed level flight Up ele vator trim substituted result down-force stabilizer-elevator combination increases rise airspeed tail depressed reduce speed nose rises speed drops off tail down-force dimin ishes raise tail positive stability formula fore-and-aft stabil ity used full-size aircraft Scale models tend decrease angular difference between wing tail incidence angles because engines weigh much less relative total plane weight full-size aircraft engine weight greater percentage total weight Decreasing angular difference leads longitudinal instability model flight tends hunt level position nose rising falling Add ing nose weight re-trimming eleva tor stops_the action model re mains level fore aft disturbed level flight will come back level its own Adding nose weight has done something extra provide lateral stability washed-out wing tips now flying positive aiigle attack doing share lifting wing tips have ceased continuous rise fall Ailerons large having excessive travel sought-after aileron author ity slow flight can have same effect warped wing Ailerons used establish steeply banked turn Recovery level flight application opposite aileron aileron low wing dropped attempt lifting side lowered aileron has great drag pulls nose down due adverse yaw pilot compensates everincreasing aileron steep turn angle attack increased point near stall Up elevator control because large portion wings lift being ex pended change direction flight rather support model Now lowered aileron acting like warped wing stall wing its aileron Stalls result excessive angle attack aileron actually modifies wing tips angle manner similar warp model snap-rolls over top spin could fatal low altitude isnt time airspace apply Down elevator recovery Several remedies available 1 Use less aileron elevator travel servo linkage 2 Learn use rudder con4$b OGA DESIGNS 44 Full Body Pilot Kit sLightest Pilot available sLifeilke vinyl la tex rubber parts Easy assemble finish eBuild either barnstormer sportsman pilot skit contains pilot head hands boots helmet cap goggles full templates easy instructions eFully positionable & moveable eSome simple sewing required WeightPrice 1/6Scale2oz$ 795 1/4 Scale4oz$ 995 lI3ScaleSoz*$1695 Weightmay vary depending material used construction DGA DESIGNS Bust Pilot Kit Weight 1/6 Scale 75 oz 1/4 Scale 1Soz 1/3 Scale 225 oz Price 595 795 $1495 sLightest bust pilot available sLifelike vinyl latex rubber parts sEasy assemble finish eBuild either barnstormer sportsman pilot Kit contains pilot head helmet cap goggles jacket instructions See dealer order direct Add $100 shipping direct orders Send $100 current catalog Dealers inquiries invited NYS Residents add 7 percent sales tax Send Check MO Allow 3 weeks check clearSorry-No COD s introducing. frebGll R/C Idle-Bar Glow Plugs Long Short Also.Only $1 69 Traditional line non-idle bar Glow Plugs Six Types 3 Heat Ranges High Performance Glow Element Blow Proof Seal Only $1 29 Swanson Associates PO Box 151 ne NJ 07470AI/Mk March 1986 135 PRECISION SAND AND SHAPE With. 4 Custom Aluminum MINI Extrusion Sanding Block TEE8AREspecially designed -for small sanding jobs Sander Pack contains 3 sheets assorted die-cut sandpaper Regular lengtl~ le length 10718for21 7/8 handy use TEE PB bigger jobs truer surfaces Regular Double Self Adhesive Sheet Sandpaper Customize sanding like pros 369 xli abeets per pack 12 medaa 12 fne 12 saperfne per sheet Post add 20% Catalog 25 APPLIED DESIGN CORP El Segundo CA 90245 [DCO SKY D[VI[ 65 Ignition Approved 90 Da' Warraiitv Twin Ball Bearing Crank Americas finest old-timer e4gine Originally designed Hassad & Havlik replica engine resonic tuning ensures continuous flow power through speed range Look out green one$ goodbye red headT&Ds replica Sky Devil 65 $279 less coil cond & plug Caht icsidents add 6% sales tax ORDR DIRCT T&D RESEARCH Assocmms 6371 El Cajon Blvd Suite 115 San Dicgo CA 92115 $1 FOR BROCHURE junction aileron stop adverse yaw 3 full-size plane washout built its wing tips use model also 4 full-size Frise-type ailerons hinges near lower sur face use model 5 Use cou pled aileron rudder some transmit ters offer option 6 Build lighterweight models 7 Learn gentle transmitter control stick enter ing recovering turns particular ly steeply banked 8 Learn rotate gently climb after takeoff Sudden application load wing near stall slow speed can cause snap-roll Sud den application aileron point can likewise 9 Use aileron differential travel up down Frise-type ailerons seldom used models extra time effort needed build wing regarded waste have negative com ments about value effectiveness must agree seem have limits small models As models become larger however has definite trend Scale Frise ailerons work just well models full-size aircraft hinge point located near below ailerons lower surface pivot point some distance back ailerons leading edge aileron moves upward overhung leading edge dips below wing surface induce drag purpose balancing drag lowered aileron opposite wing thereby controlling adverse yaw Air forced up througli hinge slot flow over up-raised aileron increased ef fectiveness Air also flows through hinge slot lowered aileron help prevent stalling aileron aileron cross section actually airfoil shape similar smaller wing Full-size aircraft use other hinge arrangements will em ploy differing methods reducing control problems such washout wing tips changing airfoils between root tips differential ailerons Some aircraft carry differential extremes DH Tiger Moth example up-trav el almost zero down direction scratch-builders -designers Scale models insist upon reproducing razor-thin wing tips prototype vulnerable tip-stall control problems Some kits have seen thickened airfoil wing tips may 100% Scale fly well forgiving control sins producers reputation established having flyable prodlucts Bob Dolly Wischer S-221 Lapham Peak Rd Delafield WI 53018 RC Aerobatics/Van Putte Continued page 51 something has tough along way have find ways improve designs ourselves circumvent rules 85 case hindsight answer can wonder protestor whatever neededwas used obtain proper judging Certainly point should made now fu ture competitions will judged properly Otherwise TA pattern has trigued apparent need new specialized aircraft have watched progress does seem some advancements have made could help define design needs clearly looks like will take time developmentno simple answer com plex requirement has think judging will tighten up meet rules Also people attempt meet needs rules will better off long run depend circumventing current-style models have some ideas would like try time will ever permit could entirely different type craft could better TA pattern Think Vegas findings example hope enjoyed Hals letter much did Theres lot good thoughts Turnaround Pat tern fliers would well ponder Ron Van Putte 111 Sleepy Oaks Rd Ft Walton Beach FL 32548 RC Electrics/Kopski Continued page 53 dise size price levels availa blefrom several suppliersto help experience Electric Elation first time continuing Electric success thIng find curious previous tabulation under stand price-appeal smaller motors larger ones much have hard time understanding 25s 40s dont find acceptance Per sonally fly sizes find larger planes appealing ground-handling ability appreciate extra demands place charging ways deal charging larger packs MA May June 1985 may want consider aspects plan new Electric project ElectrIc Aeromodeling Association have some turbulent times past two organizations dedicated Electric cause first SEAM Society Electric Aircraft Model ers disappeared sometime during past year far know dead issue unfortunate because SEAM original AMA-recognized spe cialty organization Electric interests have own suspicions what hap pened doesnt matter surviving organization 136 Model Aviation
Edition: Model Aviation - 1986/03
Page Numbers: 48, 49, 135, 136
Scale Bob Dolly Wischer UNEXPECTED STALLS Warped wings deadly Warps result greater angle incidence wing tip root worst condition known washin model type warp wing needs lots aileron trim control transmitter keep model rolling turn condi tion worsens add high angle attack using elevator increase climb during steep turn affects model differently various speeds elevator trim control used trim wings angle tackthe angle meets coming flow air warped wing tip already near stall will suddenly stop flying Up elevator applied since its angle attack increased beyond critical point lift lost heavier model built earlier stall will occur because wing initially higher angle attack support weight both wings warped similarly stall will occur anyway direction resulting snap roll will less predictable wings angle attack affected turns loop maneuvers slow flight wings lifting ability steep turn loop similarly affected Slow speed can result too small engine closed-throttle operation loop angle attack increased sharply pro duce lift climb during first half borrowing energy speed UN DES IRE AB LE WASH-IN WARP wing tip warped greater incidence wing root perilous fly because great probability tip will stall does snap roll spin can result Critical flight conditions include takeoff steep turns loops gil ding turns CHORD LINE OF STABILIZER CHORD LINE OF WINGANGLE difference incidence angle between wing stabilizer often reduced Scale models conform Patternplane practice zero-zero settings andlor com pensate light weight compared actual plane engine situation often leads too-rearward location center gravity pitch instability WASH-OUT WARP Wings intentionally built tips equaily warped lesser incidence root stable near stalling speed because wing root will stall first will positive lift tips maintaining good lateral stability thrust divert models path curve After top loop gravity takes over energy source con siderable Up elevator needed round out loop return level flight because gravity combines cen trifugal force impose heavy loads wing bottom loop Result greater angle attack begin ning end maneuver Too great wing stalls followed inevitable snap roll can continue spin have seen own others air planes spin out loop steep turn has same effect angle attack must increased Hal Parentis Bell P-39D Airacobra Left has made ap pearances Nats other contests 1/6-scale spans 62 weighs 11 lb uses Supertigre 60 power Finish K&B epoxy Eugene Thibodeaus Mitsubishi A6M2 Zero Above began life Top Flits kit Ten-lb plane flies K&B 60 engine Finish Perfect paint over fIberglass resin 48 Model Aviation provide sufficient lift 1 carry airplanes weight now multiplied cen trifugal force 2 change airplanes direction Lifting airplane off runway using elevator control similar beginning loop change direction requiring increased lift can stall warped wing told average RC model flight has kinetic energy equivalent speeding 45 caliber bullet No would stand path bullet attempt changing its direction time Up ele vator used alter models flight path avoid attendant problems associ ated washin warp models some times built having intentional warp wings opposite direction called washout wing tips have less incidence angle wing root type warp often employed fullscale aircraft prevent tip-stall tenden cies assure wing root near fuselage will stall first tips continue supply good lift Four five degrees warp may seem excessive would straight wing sharp ly-tapered wing amount normal Washout isnt cure-all may appear models flying inverted becomes washin Its action all-important angle attack related center gravity location model rearward CG modeler finds drastic Down elevator trim needed maintain level flight fact may insufficient effect moving elevator trim control transmitter flier forced change linkage elevator servo obtain Down elevator effect reduces wing tip angle attack point tips merely going along ride arent providing share lift model becomes laterally unsta ble tips rising falling model difficult maintain level flight Now add weight nose pro vide increased stability because know experience works can Continued page 135 CopyrIght 1977 MPC rights reserved HEAD LOCK On-Board HEAD LOCKK~zNiera Re oteSwehA CannectatAi6y Extornal Start/Chargin~Nead Jack SwitchW/Pfuit ELIMINATE DEAD STICK LANDINGS Fits OS 4 stroke & standard glow plugs Complete HEAD LOCK Mark Ill GP connector external start external start/charge jack charger w/HEAD LOCK connector quality 12 AH Nicad w/mount Completely assembled ready mount nothing else buy US made SINGLE CYL $3795 TWO CYL $4495 MULTIPLEX 14 Function ROYAL mc Especially Competition Flyer Competitors Edge Exclusive MEMORY SOFT MODULE Flight tested since 1979 2001 FM Narrowband PCM Fast accurate service repair March 7725 E Redfield Rd e 105 tsdale Airpark tsdale Arizona 85260 602483-9577 Beemer RC West Distributors Inc 1986 49 Drawings Smithsonian Institution used George Roses scratch-built Spad Xiii 1 /5-scaic Left Mod el spans 63 weighs 111/2 ib An Enya Sofour-stroke powers Greg Wilsons scratch-built Bristol Mi-C Above 1/4-scale 8-ft span weighs 20 lb uses Kawasaki 35 Cu power immense spinner about eight inches diameter RC Soaring/Pruss Continued page 131 fin wire pivot-rod inserted result floppy stabilizer because usual loose tolerance tween wire tubing Some mod elers have come up remedies include larger bearing surfaces cant done some models especially smaller ones thin airfoil sections stab Greggs fix can considered almost universal Using 034-in circuit board material simply inlays two small squares left right skins vertical fin Using index drill precisely diameter pivot rod gives stab assembly thats rigid have try believe Fiberglass fuselages can use fix scabbing circuit board pieces side fin section finished models pieces could attached outside minor shimming being done root section stabilizer common wire diameters following should help 4-in music wire use No 52 index drill drilling circuit board /2-in music wire use No 42 drill way thickness circuit board material isnt critical Bob Sealy has line fiberglass/ epoxy fuselages mentioned MARCS Symposium report work absolutely finest quality Prices range $25 Two-Meter Stand ard-class sizes $70 cross-coun try/Unlimited-class fuselages line also includes some glass versions wellknown kit designs detailed catalog sheet send SASE Robert Sealy 521 96th Lane NE Blame MN 55434 phone 612 780-2737 following wont revolutionize RC Soaring did ever want use thicker rib material say A2-in balsa stead /16 didnt want weight penalty Well Sealy does obvious cuts lightening holes Depending rib size Sealy uses No 11 X-Acto blade plywood template smaller ribs uses brass plug-cutters says takes about five minutes per rib Now theres craftsman nothing time hands have just few ideas what some troops doing make modeling lives easier enjoyable Good lift Parts list Jack Hiners audio amplifier part description followed Radio Shack catalog number LM386 IC 2761731 10K potentiometer 27 1-335 eightohm speaker 40-1203C subminiature plug6 universal PC board 67184 220 mfd capacitor 272-956 SPST switch case assorted wire 9V battery battery connector Dan Pruss 131 F Pennington Ln Plain leld IL 60544 RC Scale/Wischers Continued page 49 Scale models wing already heavily loaded made stable adding weight First have changed longitudinal dihedral adding nose weight Down elevator trim now removed level flight Up ele vator trim substituted result down-force stabilizer-elevator combination increases rise airspeed tail depressed reduce speed nose rises speed drops off tail down-force dimin ishes raise tail positive stability formula fore-and-aft stabil ity used full-size aircraft Scale models tend decrease angular difference between wing tail incidence angles because engines weigh much less relative total plane weight full-size aircraft engine weight greater percentage total weight Decreasing angular difference leads longitudinal instability model flight tends hunt level position nose rising falling Add ing nose weight re-trimming eleva tor stops_the action model re mains level fore aft disturbed level flight will come back level its own Adding nose weight has done something extra provide lateral stability washed-out wing tips now flying positive aiigle attack doing share lifting wing tips have ceased continuous rise fall Ailerons large having excessive travel sought-after aileron author ity slow flight can have same effect warped wing Ailerons used establish steeply banked turn Recovery level flight application opposite aileron aileron low wing dropped attempt lifting side lowered aileron has great drag pulls nose down due adverse yaw pilot compensates everincreasing aileron steep turn angle attack increased point near stall Up elevator control because large portion wings lift being ex pended change direction flight rather support model Now lowered aileron acting like warped wing stall wing its aileron Stalls result excessive angle attack aileron actually modifies wing tips angle manner similar warp model snap-rolls over top spin could fatal low altitude isnt time airspace apply Down elevator recovery Several remedies available 1 Use less aileron elevator travel servo linkage 2 Learn use rudder con4$b OGA DESIGNS 44 Full Body Pilot Kit sLightest Pilot available sLifeilke vinyl la tex rubber parts Easy assemble finish eBuild either barnstormer sportsman pilot skit contains pilot head hands boots helmet cap goggles full templates easy instructions eFully positionable & moveable eSome simple sewing required WeightPrice 1/6Scale2oz$ 795 1/4 Scale4oz$ 995 lI3ScaleSoz*$1695 Weightmay vary depending material used construction DGA DESIGNS Bust Pilot Kit Weight 1/6 Scale 75 oz 1/4 Scale 1Soz 1/3 Scale 225 oz Price 595 795 $1495 sLightest bust pilot available sLifelike vinyl latex rubber parts sEasy assemble finish eBuild either barnstormer sportsman pilot Kit contains pilot head helmet cap goggles jacket instructions See dealer order direct Add $100 shipping direct orders Send $100 current catalog Dealers inquiries invited NYS Residents add 7 percent sales tax Send Check MO Allow 3 weeks check clearSorry-No COD s introducing. frebGll R/C Idle-Bar Glow Plugs Long Short Also.Only $1 69 Traditional line non-idle bar Glow Plugs Six Types 3 Heat Ranges High Performance Glow Element Blow Proof Seal Only $1 29 Swanson Associates PO Box 151 ne NJ 07470AI/Mk March 1986 135 PRECISION SAND AND SHAPE With. 4 Custom Aluminum MINI Extrusion Sanding Block TEE8AREspecially designed -for small sanding jobs Sander Pack contains 3 sheets assorted die-cut sandpaper Regular lengtl~ le length 10718for21 7/8 handy use TEE PB bigger jobs truer surfaces Regular Double Self Adhesive Sheet Sandpaper Customize sanding like pros 369 xli abeets per pack 12 medaa 12 fne 12 saperfne per sheet Post add 20% Catalog 25 APPLIED DESIGN CORP El Segundo CA 90245 [DCO SKY D[VI[ 65 Ignition Approved 90 Da' Warraiitv Twin Ball Bearing Crank Americas finest old-timer e4gine Originally designed Hassad & Havlik replica engine resonic tuning ensures continuous flow power through speed range Look out green one$ goodbye red headT&Ds replica Sky Devil 65 $279 less coil cond & plug Caht icsidents add 6% sales tax ORDR DIRCT T&D RESEARCH Assocmms 6371 El Cajon Blvd Suite 115 San Dicgo CA 92115 $1 FOR BROCHURE junction aileron stop adverse yaw 3 full-size plane washout built its wing tips use model also 4 full-size Frise-type ailerons hinges near lower sur face use model 5 Use cou pled aileron rudder some transmit ters offer option 6 Build lighterweight models 7 Learn gentle transmitter control stick enter ing recovering turns particular ly steeply banked 8 Learn rotate gently climb after takeoff Sudden application load wing near stall slow speed can cause snap-roll Sud den application aileron point can likewise 9 Use aileron differential travel up down Frise-type ailerons seldom used models extra time effort needed build wing regarded waste have negative com ments about value effectiveness must agree seem have limits small models As models become larger however has definite trend Scale Frise ailerons work just well models full-size aircraft hinge point located near below ailerons lower surface pivot point some distance back ailerons leading edge aileron moves upward overhung leading edge dips below wing surface induce drag purpose balancing drag lowered aileron opposite wing thereby controlling adverse yaw Air forced up througli hinge slot flow over up-raised aileron increased ef fectiveness Air also flows through hinge slot lowered aileron help prevent stalling aileron aileron cross section actually airfoil shape similar smaller wing Full-size aircraft use other hinge arrangements will em ploy differing methods reducing control problems such washout wing tips changing airfoils between root tips differential ailerons Some aircraft carry differential extremes DH Tiger Moth example up-trav el almost zero down direction scratch-builders -designers Scale models insist upon reproducing razor-thin wing tips prototype vulnerable tip-stall control problems Some kits have seen thickened airfoil wing tips may 100% Scale fly well forgiving control sins producers reputation established having flyable prodlucts Bob Dolly Wischer S-221 Lapham Peak Rd Delafield WI 53018 RC Aerobatics/Van Putte Continued page 51 something has tough along way have find ways improve designs ourselves circumvent rules 85 case hindsight answer can wonder protestor whatever neededwas used obtain proper judging Certainly point should made now fu ture competitions will judged properly Otherwise TA pattern has trigued apparent need new specialized aircraft have watched progress does seem some advancements have made could help define design needs clearly looks like will take time developmentno simple answer com plex requirement has think judging will tighten up meet rules Also people attempt meet needs rules will better off long run depend circumventing current-style models have some ideas would like try time will ever permit could entirely different type craft could better TA pattern Think Vegas findings example hope enjoyed Hals letter much did Theres lot good thoughts Turnaround Pat tern fliers would well ponder Ron Van Putte 111 Sleepy Oaks Rd Ft Walton Beach FL 32548 RC Electrics/Kopski Continued page 53 dise size price levels availa blefrom several suppliersto help experience Electric Elation first time continuing Electric success thIng find curious previous tabulation under stand price-appeal smaller motors larger ones much have hard time understanding 25s 40s dont find acceptance Per sonally fly sizes find larger planes appealing ground-handling ability appreciate extra demands place charging ways deal charging larger packs MA May June 1985 may want consider aspects plan new Electric project ElectrIc Aeromodeling Association have some turbulent times past two organizations dedicated Electric cause first SEAM Society Electric Aircraft Model ers disappeared sometime during past year far know dead issue unfortunate because SEAM original AMA-recognized spe cialty organization Electric interests have own suspicions what hap pened doesnt matter surviving organization 136 Model Aviation
Edition: Model Aviation - 1986/03
Page Numbers: 48, 49, 135, 136
Scale Bob Dolly Wischer UNEXPECTED STALLS Warped wings deadly Warps result greater angle incidence wing tip root worst condition known washin model type warp wing needs lots aileron trim control transmitter keep model rolling turn condi tion worsens add high angle attack using elevator increase climb during steep turn affects model differently various speeds elevator trim control used trim wings angle tackthe angle meets coming flow air warped wing tip already near stall will suddenly stop flying Up elevator applied since its angle attack increased beyond critical point lift lost heavier model built earlier stall will occur because wing initially higher angle attack support weight both wings warped similarly stall will occur anyway direction resulting snap roll will less predictable wings angle attack affected turns loop maneuvers slow flight wings lifting ability steep turn loop similarly affected Slow speed can result too small engine closed-throttle operation loop angle attack increased sharply pro duce lift climb during first half borrowing energy speed UN DES IRE AB LE WASH-IN WARP wing tip warped greater incidence wing root perilous fly because great probability tip will stall does snap roll spin can result Critical flight conditions include takeoff steep turns loops gil ding turns CHORD LINE OF STABILIZER CHORD LINE OF WINGANGLE difference incidence angle between wing stabilizer often reduced Scale models conform Patternplane practice zero-zero settings andlor com pensate light weight compared actual plane engine situation often leads too-rearward location center gravity pitch instability WASH-OUT WARP Wings intentionally built tips equaily warped lesser incidence root stable near stalling speed because wing root will stall first will positive lift tips maintaining good lateral stability thrust divert models path curve After top loop gravity takes over energy source con siderable Up elevator needed round out loop return level flight because gravity combines cen trifugal force impose heavy loads wing bottom loop Result greater angle attack begin ning end maneuver Too great wing stalls followed inevitable snap roll can continue spin have seen own others air planes spin out loop steep turn has same effect angle attack must increased Hal Parentis Bell P-39D Airacobra Left has made ap pearances Nats other contests 1/6-scale spans 62 weighs 11 lb uses Supertigre 60 power Finish K&B epoxy Eugene Thibodeaus Mitsubishi A6M2 Zero Above began life Top Flits kit Ten-lb plane flies K&B 60 engine Finish Perfect paint over fIberglass resin 48 Model Aviation provide sufficient lift 1 carry airplanes weight now multiplied cen trifugal force 2 change airplanes direction Lifting airplane off runway using elevator control similar beginning loop change direction requiring increased lift can stall warped wing told average RC model flight has kinetic energy equivalent speeding 45 caliber bullet No would stand path bullet attempt changing its direction time Up ele vator used alter models flight path avoid attendant problems associ ated washin warp models some times built having intentional warp wings opposite direction called washout wing tips have less incidence angle wing root type warp often employed fullscale aircraft prevent tip-stall tenden cies assure wing root near fuselage will stall first tips continue supply good lift Four five degrees warp may seem excessive would straight wing sharp ly-tapered wing amount normal Washout isnt cure-all may appear models flying inverted becomes washin Its action all-important angle attack related center gravity location model rearward CG modeler finds drastic Down elevator trim needed maintain level flight fact may insufficient effect moving elevator trim control transmitter flier forced change linkage elevator servo obtain Down elevator effect reduces wing tip angle attack point tips merely going along ride arent providing share lift model becomes laterally unsta ble tips rising falling model difficult maintain level flight Now add weight nose pro vide increased stability because know experience works can Continued page 135 CopyrIght 1977 MPC rights reserved HEAD LOCK On-Board HEAD LOCKK~zNiera Re oteSwehA CannectatAi6y Extornal Start/Chargin~Nead Jack SwitchW/Pfuit ELIMINATE DEAD STICK LANDINGS Fits OS 4 stroke & standard glow plugs Complete HEAD LOCK Mark Ill GP connector external start external start/charge jack charger w/HEAD LOCK connector quality 12 AH Nicad w/mount Completely assembled ready mount nothing else buy US made SINGLE CYL $3795 TWO CYL $4495 MULTIPLEX 14 Function ROYAL mc Especially Competition Flyer Competitors Edge Exclusive MEMORY SOFT MODULE Flight tested since 1979 2001 FM Narrowband PCM Fast accurate service repair March 7725 E Redfield Rd e 105 tsdale Airpark tsdale Arizona 85260 602483-9577 Beemer RC West Distributors Inc 1986 49 Drawings Smithsonian Institution used George Roses scratch-built Spad Xiii 1 /5-scaic Left Mod el spans 63 weighs 111/2 ib An Enya Sofour-stroke powers Greg Wilsons scratch-built Bristol Mi-C Above 1/4-scale 8-ft span weighs 20 lb uses Kawasaki 35 Cu power immense spinner about eight inches diameter RC Soaring/Pruss Continued page 131 fin wire pivot-rod inserted result floppy stabilizer because usual loose tolerance tween wire tubing Some mod elers have come up remedies include larger bearing surfaces cant done some models especially smaller ones thin airfoil sections stab Greggs fix can considered almost universal Using 034-in circuit board material simply inlays two small squares left right skins vertical fin Using index drill precisely diameter pivot rod gives stab assembly thats rigid have try believe Fiberglass fuselages can use fix scabbing circuit board pieces side fin section finished models pieces could attached outside minor shimming being done root section stabilizer common wire diameters following should help 4-in music wire use No 52 index drill drilling circuit board /2-in music wire use No 42 drill way thickness circuit board material isnt critical Bob Sealy has line fiberglass/ epoxy fuselages mentioned MARCS Symposium report work absolutely finest quality Prices range $25 Two-Meter Stand ard-class sizes $70 cross-coun try/Unlimited-class fuselages line also includes some glass versions wellknown kit designs detailed catalog sheet send SASE Robert Sealy 521 96th Lane NE Blame MN 55434 phone 612 780-2737 following wont revolutionize RC Soaring did ever want use thicker rib material say A2-in balsa stead /16 didnt want weight penalty Well Sealy does obvious cuts lightening holes Depending rib size Sealy uses No 11 X-Acto blade plywood template smaller ribs uses brass plug-cutters says takes about five minutes per rib Now theres craftsman nothing time hands have just few ideas what some troops doing make modeling lives easier enjoyable Good lift Parts list Jack Hiners audio amplifier part description followed Radio Shack catalog number LM386 IC 2761731 10K potentiometer 27 1-335 eightohm speaker 40-1203C subminiature plug6 universal PC board 67184 220 mfd capacitor 272-956 SPST switch case assorted wire 9V battery battery connector Dan Pruss 131 F Pennington Ln Plain leld IL 60544 RC Scale/Wischers Continued page 49 Scale models wing already heavily loaded made stable adding weight First have changed longitudinal dihedral adding nose weight Down elevator trim now removed level flight Up ele vator trim substituted result down-force stabilizer-elevator combination increases rise airspeed tail depressed reduce speed nose rises speed drops off tail down-force dimin ishes raise tail positive stability formula fore-and-aft stabil ity used full-size aircraft Scale models tend decrease angular difference between wing tail incidence angles because engines weigh much less relative total plane weight full-size aircraft engine weight greater percentage total weight Decreasing angular difference leads longitudinal instability model flight tends hunt level position nose rising falling Add ing nose weight re-trimming eleva tor stops_the action model re mains level fore aft disturbed level flight will come back level its own Adding nose weight has done something extra provide lateral stability washed-out wing tips now flying positive aiigle attack doing share lifting wing tips have ceased continuous rise fall Ailerons large having excessive travel sought-after aileron author ity slow flight can have same effect warped wing Ailerons used establish steeply banked turn Recovery level flight application opposite aileron aileron low wing dropped attempt lifting side lowered aileron has great drag pulls nose down due adverse yaw pilot compensates everincreasing aileron steep turn angle attack increased point near stall Up elevator control because large portion wings lift being ex pended change direction flight rather support model Now lowered aileron acting like warped wing stall wing its aileron Stalls result excessive angle attack aileron actually modifies wing tips angle manner similar warp model snap-rolls over top spin could fatal low altitude isnt time airspace apply Down elevator recovery Several remedies available 1 Use less aileron elevator travel servo linkage 2 Learn use rudder con4$b OGA DESIGNS 44 Full Body Pilot Kit sLightest Pilot available sLifeilke vinyl la tex rubber parts Easy assemble finish eBuild either barnstormer sportsman pilot skit contains pilot head hands boots helmet cap goggles full templates easy instructions eFully positionable & moveable eSome simple sewing required WeightPrice 1/6Scale2oz$ 795 1/4 Scale4oz$ 995 lI3ScaleSoz*$1695 Weightmay vary depending material used construction DGA DESIGNS Bust Pilot Kit Weight 1/6 Scale 75 oz 1/4 Scale 1Soz 1/3 Scale 225 oz Price 595 795 $1495 sLightest bust pilot available sLifelike vinyl latex rubber parts sEasy assemble finish eBuild either barnstormer sportsman pilot Kit contains pilot head helmet cap goggles jacket instructions See dealer order direct Add $100 shipping direct orders Send $100 current catalog Dealers inquiries invited NYS Residents add 7 percent sales tax Send Check MO Allow 3 weeks check clearSorry-No COD s introducing. frebGll R/C Idle-Bar Glow Plugs Long Short Also.Only $1 69 Traditional line non-idle bar Glow Plugs Six Types 3 Heat Ranges High Performance Glow Element Blow Proof Seal Only $1 29 Swanson Associates PO Box 151 ne NJ 07470AI/Mk March 1986 135 PRECISION SAND AND SHAPE With. 4 Custom Aluminum MINI Extrusion Sanding Block TEE8AREspecially designed -for small sanding jobs Sander Pack contains 3 sheets assorted die-cut sandpaper Regular lengtl~ le length 10718for21 7/8 handy use TEE PB bigger jobs truer surfaces Regular Double Self Adhesive Sheet Sandpaper Customize sanding like pros 369 xli abeets per pack 12 medaa 12 fne 12 saperfne per sheet Post add 20% Catalog 25 APPLIED DESIGN CORP El Segundo CA 90245 [DCO SKY D[VI[ 65 Ignition Approved 90 Da' Warraiitv Twin Ball Bearing Crank Americas finest old-timer e4gine Originally designed Hassad & Havlik replica engine resonic tuning ensures continuous flow power through speed range Look out green one$ goodbye red headT&Ds replica Sky Devil 65 $279 less coil cond & plug Caht icsidents add 6% sales tax ORDR DIRCT T&D RESEARCH Assocmms 6371 El Cajon Blvd Suite 115 San Dicgo CA 92115 $1 FOR BROCHURE junction aileron stop adverse yaw 3 full-size plane washout built its wing tips use model also 4 full-size Frise-type ailerons hinges near lower sur face use model 5 Use cou pled aileron rudder some transmit ters offer option 6 Build lighterweight models 7 Learn gentle transmitter control stick enter ing recovering turns particular ly steeply banked 8 Learn rotate gently climb after takeoff Sudden application load wing near stall slow speed can cause snap-roll Sud den application aileron point can likewise 9 Use aileron differential travel up down Frise-type ailerons seldom used models extra time effort needed build wing regarded waste have negative com ments about value effectiveness must agree seem have limits small models As models become larger however has definite trend Scale Frise ailerons work just well models full-size aircraft hinge point located near below ailerons lower surface pivot point some distance back ailerons leading edge aileron moves upward overhung leading edge dips below wing surface induce drag purpose balancing drag lowered aileron opposite wing thereby controlling adverse yaw Air forced up througli hinge slot flow over up-raised aileron increased ef fectiveness Air also flows through hinge slot lowered aileron help prevent stalling aileron aileron cross section actually airfoil shape similar smaller wing Full-size aircraft use other hinge arrangements will em ploy differing methods reducing control problems such washout wing tips changing airfoils between root tips differential ailerons Some aircraft carry differential extremes DH Tiger Moth example up-trav el almost zero down direction scratch-builders -designers Scale models insist upon reproducing razor-thin wing tips prototype vulnerable tip-stall control problems Some kits have seen thickened airfoil wing tips may 100% Scale fly well forgiving control sins producers reputation established having flyable prodlucts Bob Dolly Wischer S-221 Lapham Peak Rd Delafield WI 53018 RC Aerobatics/Van Putte Continued page 51 something has tough along way have find ways improve designs ourselves circumvent rules 85 case hindsight answer can wonder protestor whatever neededwas used obtain proper judging Certainly point should made now fu ture competitions will judged properly Otherwise TA pattern has trigued apparent need new specialized aircraft have watched progress does seem some advancements have made could help define design needs clearly looks like will take time developmentno simple answer com plex requirement has think judging will tighten up meet rules Also people attempt meet needs rules will better off long run depend circumventing current-style models have some ideas would like try time will ever permit could entirely different type craft could better TA pattern Think Vegas findings example hope enjoyed Hals letter much did Theres lot good thoughts Turnaround Pat tern fliers would well ponder Ron Van Putte 111 Sleepy Oaks Rd Ft Walton Beach FL 32548 RC Electrics/Kopski Continued page 53 dise size price levels availa blefrom several suppliersto help experience Electric Elation first time continuing Electric success thIng find curious previous tabulation under stand price-appeal smaller motors larger ones much have hard time understanding 25s 40s dont find acceptance Per sonally fly sizes find larger planes appealing ground-handling ability appreciate extra demands place charging ways deal charging larger packs MA May June 1985 may want consider aspects plan new Electric project ElectrIc Aeromodeling Association have some turbulent times past two organizations dedicated Electric cause first SEAM Society Electric Aircraft Model ers disappeared sometime during past year far know dead issue unfortunate because SEAM original AMA-recognized spe cialty organization Electric interests have own suspicions what hap pened doesnt matter surviving organization 136 Model Aviation