EVERY often someone asks can sure what current being fed batteries charger simple swer Use ammeter nothing really simple What ammeter connect usual rejoinders Lets answer simple question first best way connect ammeter system cutting spare aileron extender cable shown Fig 1 Most sets delivered least extender cable seldom used So cut up need came set didnt receive contact manufacturer should cost less $5 important thing remem ber about cutting cable cut wire connect cut ends ammeter Leave other wires intact Now difficult question What kind meter should used really isnt much choice because cheap panel meters have virtually disappeared hobby market best bet VOM Volt/ Ohm-meter costing about $35 will offer about 20 switch-selected ranges measure DC volts AC volts ohms DC amperes Note thatyou will able measure AC current Before buying anything lets look what expect measurePractically RC systems include slow charger instructions charge 14 16 hours working correctly type charger puts between 45 55 milli amperes DC current battery pack regardless whether considering flight batteries transmitter bat teries Therefore should select VOM has DC current range marked 6Oma because thats range want Some systems supplied Quick chargers instructions charge 5 6 hours As would expect cutting time factor three requires current increased same factor normal current will 135 165 milliamperes Due heating losses quick charging may find current has set bit higher perhaps up 200 ma Thats OK too Just look VOM DC current range marked 300 ma because thats youll using Ill assume now anyone still reading has VOM aileron cable next question Which wire cut Plug aileron extension cable flight battery pack Now look carefully Does extension cable have wire battery pack thats signal wire its dont cut Cut either other ones Take out piece about 1 inch long wire have just cut avoid accidental short circuits later Pull about 4-in insulation cut ends remaining solder loose ends bundle its called tinning wire gives VOM clips something hang Now plug other end extension cable charger plug charger wall red light shouldnt light because removed part wires Set VOM highest DC Current range touch meter leads cut soldered wire ends light should light meter may deflect either up-scale down-scale Take note situation have down-scale exchange meter leads try again have right meter connec tions lift off connection change meter range next lower value try again Keep trying lower ranges until have range shows greatest possible on-scale deflection read charging current may bit less 22 Model Aviation Fig 2 Plugging extension cable battery pack usually reveals lead carries signal Other two leads carry battery current may cut either purpose inserting meter Fig 1 Typical aileron extension cable case Cox/Sanwapicked off card local hobby shop S350 Prices vary Fig 3 group VOMS typical kind will meet needs like build own equipment might try Archerkit center available Hobby Shack Heathkit expect 10% less OK Back third paragraph mentioned VOM cant measure AC current charger puts out mixture AC DC good battery VOM reads DC some portion AC depending its design absolute accuracy measuring mixed cur rents need device called thermo couple type ammeter dont need absolute accuracy VOM good enough price right adapter just made has several uses 1 You can put between switch harness flight battery pack time want measure charging current whether plane out 2 You can reverse meter connections measure current being drawn battery airborne system particularly useful bit information cause shows up unexpected things like stalled servos caused stiff throttle springs engine 3 can put between servo Continued page 105 August 1979 23 Fig 4 Cut piece out wires Leave rest untouched Strip about % insul ation cut ends tin exposed wires VOM attached workIng Meter reaas 42 MA normal slow charger Coiled VOM leads have no adverse affects measuring diarging currents lead lengths should kept minimum measuring currents active radio minimum coil up excess length hold rubber band shown Fig 6 measuring current drawn operating receiver buy pair banana plugs fit meter Connect ends directly plugs shown minimizes total length wire add system Too much wire can lead littering servos 1 Fig 7 photo shows normal situation Receiver actuated transmitter isnt meter shows about 30 MA being drawn rks setting up photo showing authors Aquila both transmitter receiver actuated discovered servos trouble Note meter shows 300 MA being drawn though servos supposed moving turned out hook-release servo excessive preload aircraft finishing continue use silk dope because like toughness strength resistance dents scratches ever structure does need added strength plastic film covering could used equal success make no effort obtain super finish complete struc ture given three heavy brushed coats clear dope minimum thinner added Silk applied wet over balsa surfaces plywood silk given five six brushed coats clear dope followed two coats very thin dope talcum powder mixture filler mixture contains too little thinner filler becomes difficult sand too much talc used finish will reticulate crack will also difficult sand because loads sand paper Using number 150 grade open-coat aluminum oxide paper talc will removed sanding leaving pores silk filled silk grain will plainly visible Two coats clear will seal talc prevent its bleeding through final color coats clear coats can either brushed sprayed Color coats follow use spray light finish Color used hide surface blemishes should non existent after talc sanding Since color adds weight keep color coats light density Plywood surfaces fiber glass cowl need minimum preparation Flying Check correct center gravity plane needed no addition weight its first flight also needed no trim change Retracting landing gear will have greater effect expected because large wheels contribute drag plane doesnt really need retracts could easily converted rigid gear substituting hardwood mounts wings stand ard tricycle nose gear Takeoff landing real pleasure nose gear length shown touch up elevator takeoff speed lifts nose gracefully tendency jump off As plane approaches ground landing up elevator fed gradually holding nose up touch-down rear wheels first no tendency wing tip drop during type landing used scale-like performance reduce speed minimum impact Control surface travel side cen ter follows elevator 11/16 aileron 3/16 rudder 1W low travel elevator aileron contributing fac tors smooth handling enjoy Ariel Sport Elevator needs travel sufficient amount lower tail takeoff landing aileron travel indicated plane will axial roll less two seconds wide rudder travel used execution stall turns Spins snap-roll maneuvers positive both entry recovery Inverted flight requires bit down elevator held really enjoy flying plane think will too RC Technique/Myers continued page 23 receiver Ordinarily servo hooked up active system doing nothing will draw between 5 15 ma will jump up something like 250 ma move stick transmitter servo able move freely servo trying work against hinges have accidently epoxied together current will go higher usually some between 400 500 ma servo needs cleaning will draw current usual doing nothing Thats because dirty servos usually jitter shiver about transmitter Most trans mitters use some kind special charging plug thats hard find expensive Therefore easiest thing cut wires charger clip meter before thing about approach unsatisfactory have re connect cut ends restore normal operation Since probably wont measuring transmitter charging current very often because wont tell much just solder cut ends together again cover piece tape will take time measure charging currents system new write measured values owners manual will some value checking time time current will drop below normal values August 1979 105 Please send mecopies new 5th edition Radio Control Buyers Guide Enclosed $825 copy ordered $725 retail plus $100 postage Et handling City State ZIP Return RC Buyers Guide Clifton House Clifton VA 22024 W WI MODEL ACCESSORIES FINE QUALITY ENGINE KITS & CYLINDERS MACHINE GUN KITS LS TS INGS SEND SOt FOR COMPLETE CATALOG DEPr MA 0 181 PAWNEE STREET SAN MARCOS CALIFORNIA S 92069 [F Cuts Coverite gj4& Monokote better T other lade Lasts much CURVED MIC PROTECTSMCOVER &TABLETOPLETS YOU 8LAOE CARRY TRIMIT IN YOUR POCKET cells start drying out sign old age same reduction occurs have dirty connections fractured wires charg ing ioop other hand current will increase bit event have short-circuited cell somewhere pack Transmitters frequently operate long periods two shorted cells because resulting voltage loss doesnt reduce signal output critical level dont measure charging current about notice transmitter has charged frequently personal opinion charger should have reliable ammeter reason dont have cost cheap meters cost real money Since us have charger best alternative buy VOM make up handful adapters like described Thats month Keep letters coming George Myers 70 Froehlich Farm Rd Hicks yule NY 11801 ANNOUNCING Fast Steep Climb FLat Slow Glide 4 new Pclass model designed ce mind has potential win toughest COnl-p-eIitrO-tr THE POTENT30 Deluse kit features include Rolled balsa tusela e wing mount dt Completed prop nose plu9 tail plug & rudder Precut wing ribsapar notches job rated balsa strips Highest quality tissue lubed contest rubber Detailed instructions flying tips help yoa wiel CAT NO R2 $695 PP check money Order CHAS WERLE 3620 MORSE AVE N08 SACTO CALIF 95821 RC Soaring/Pruss Continued page 25 types thermal fliers well should noted wing root faced plywood another plywood rib three inches outboard provide support 5mm ID tubing accommodates main support wire three-function gliderrudder elevator moveable wingsnot ailerons moveable wings idea nothing new Bob Boucher ASW couple years back same function did others tried sake doing Some systems straight-forward others looked like innards slot machine French bird simple like things appear simple theyre result refinements Such case Axel Jean Claude Bosquet current French aerobatic champion refined design what see result four years development fuselage although aesthetically sleek appearance has flat sides parallel 1 Fiberglass fin Ipart fuselage 2 1/16 Plywood Stiffen fin expoxy 3 1/16VVireepoxy 4 1/l6VVireepoxv wire makes contact fin 5 1/16 Plywood drill out 3&4 6 Balsa rudder place 3 Ii II ii 4 1 0 5 B flatness ends trailing edge wing meets flatness allows mechanics kept simple airfoil design changed fuselage wing fillet giving away However having fillet fuselage tends weak wing trailing juncture Bosquet cleverly reinforced fuselage point epoxying plywood ring fuselage might seem like simple solution treating vulnerable spot Ive seen some filletless home designs werent beefed up area wing tip used first point touch-down trailing edge knifed fuselage leaving field repair made heart models wing moving ability lies specially molded bell cranks Bosquet developed Again simpleafter see themthey mount fuselage pivot common wire diameter Drive pins stick out fuselage slip wings just about two-thirds back leading edge wings held close fuselage onto wires rubber bands attached screw-in hooks wing roots rubber bands stretch behind main support rod point wing pivot thereby restricting wing movement provide wing fuselage clearance main support tube extends beyond fuselage sides 1/32 inch ends fuselage wing tubes provide al frictionless pivot point Slick As thermal competition fliers real ize reducing drag means time air know real hat sucker thermal will get ten-minute maxes manhole covers its dead air sleekness can mean seconds minutes sleekness means no ugly protuberances wide gaps can cause turbulence Sloppy fits around canopy fuselages can cost time Wide gaps just plain gaps around fuselage wing joints can induce drag point its worse doubling cross-section fuselage point dirtiest areas aerodynamically speaking sailplanes tail area its flying 106 Model Aviation
Edition: Model Aviation - 1979/08
Page Numbers: 22, 23, 105, 106
EVERY often someone asks can sure what current being fed batteries charger simple swer Use ammeter nothing really simple What ammeter connect usual rejoinders Lets answer simple question first best way connect ammeter system cutting spare aileron extender cable shown Fig 1 Most sets delivered least extender cable seldom used So cut up need came set didnt receive contact manufacturer should cost less $5 important thing remem ber about cutting cable cut wire connect cut ends ammeter Leave other wires intact Now difficult question What kind meter should used really isnt much choice because cheap panel meters have virtually disappeared hobby market best bet VOM Volt/ Ohm-meter costing about $35 will offer about 20 switch-selected ranges measure DC volts AC volts ohms DC amperes Note thatyou will able measure AC current Before buying anything lets look what expect measurePractically RC systems include slow charger instructions charge 14 16 hours working correctly type charger puts between 45 55 milli amperes DC current battery pack regardless whether considering flight batteries transmitter bat teries Therefore should select VOM has DC current range marked 6Oma because thats range want Some systems supplied Quick chargers instructions charge 5 6 hours As would expect cutting time factor three requires current increased same factor normal current will 135 165 milliamperes Due heating losses quick charging may find current has set bit higher perhaps up 200 ma Thats OK too Just look VOM DC current range marked 300 ma because thats youll using Ill assume now anyone still reading has VOM aileron cable next question Which wire cut Plug aileron extension cable flight battery pack Now look carefully Does extension cable have wire battery pack thats signal wire its dont cut Cut either other ones Take out piece about 1 inch long wire have just cut avoid accidental short circuits later Pull about 4-in insulation cut ends remaining solder loose ends bundle its called tinning wire gives VOM clips something hang Now plug other end extension cable charger plug charger wall red light shouldnt light because removed part wires Set VOM highest DC Current range touch meter leads cut soldered wire ends light should light meter may deflect either up-scale down-scale Take note situation have down-scale exchange meter leads try again have right meter connec tions lift off connection change meter range next lower value try again Keep trying lower ranges until have range shows greatest possible on-scale deflection read charging current may bit less 22 Model Aviation Fig 2 Plugging extension cable battery pack usually reveals lead carries signal Other two leads carry battery current may cut either purpose inserting meter Fig 1 Typical aileron extension cable case Cox/Sanwapicked off card local hobby shop S350 Prices vary Fig 3 group VOMS typical kind will meet needs like build own equipment might try Archerkit center available Hobby Shack Heathkit expect 10% less OK Back third paragraph mentioned VOM cant measure AC current charger puts out mixture AC DC good battery VOM reads DC some portion AC depending its design absolute accuracy measuring mixed cur rents need device called thermo couple type ammeter dont need absolute accuracy VOM good enough price right adapter just made has several uses 1 You can put between switch harness flight battery pack time want measure charging current whether plane out 2 You can reverse meter connections measure current being drawn battery airborne system particularly useful bit information cause shows up unexpected things like stalled servos caused stiff throttle springs engine 3 can put between servo Continued page 105 August 1979 23 Fig 4 Cut piece out wires Leave rest untouched Strip about % insul ation cut ends tin exposed wires VOM attached workIng Meter reaas 42 MA normal slow charger Coiled VOM leads have no adverse affects measuring diarging currents lead lengths should kept minimum measuring currents active radio minimum coil up excess length hold rubber band shown Fig 6 measuring current drawn operating receiver buy pair banana plugs fit meter Connect ends directly plugs shown minimizes total length wire add system Too much wire can lead littering servos 1 Fig 7 photo shows normal situation Receiver actuated transmitter isnt meter shows about 30 MA being drawn rks setting up photo showing authors Aquila both transmitter receiver actuated discovered servos trouble Note meter shows 300 MA being drawn though servos supposed moving turned out hook-release servo excessive preload aircraft finishing continue use silk dope because like toughness strength resistance dents scratches ever structure does need added strength plastic film covering could used equal success make no effort obtain super finish complete struc ture given three heavy brushed coats clear dope minimum thinner added Silk applied wet over balsa surfaces plywood silk given five six brushed coats clear dope followed two coats very thin dope talcum powder mixture filler mixture contains too little thinner filler becomes difficult sand too much talc used finish will reticulate crack will also difficult sand because loads sand paper Using number 150 grade open-coat aluminum oxide paper talc will removed sanding leaving pores silk filled silk grain will plainly visible Two coats clear will seal talc prevent its bleeding through final color coats clear coats can either brushed sprayed Color coats follow use spray light finish Color used hide surface blemishes should non existent after talc sanding Since color adds weight keep color coats light density Plywood surfaces fiber glass cowl need minimum preparation Flying Check correct center gravity plane needed no addition weight its first flight also needed no trim change Retracting landing gear will have greater effect expected because large wheels contribute drag plane doesnt really need retracts could easily converted rigid gear substituting hardwood mounts wings stand ard tricycle nose gear Takeoff landing real pleasure nose gear length shown touch up elevator takeoff speed lifts nose gracefully tendency jump off As plane approaches ground landing up elevator fed gradually holding nose up touch-down rear wheels first no tendency wing tip drop during type landing used scale-like performance reduce speed minimum impact Control surface travel side cen ter follows elevator 11/16 aileron 3/16 rudder 1W low travel elevator aileron contributing fac tors smooth handling enjoy Ariel Sport Elevator needs travel sufficient amount lower tail takeoff landing aileron travel indicated plane will axial roll less two seconds wide rudder travel used execution stall turns Spins snap-roll maneuvers positive both entry recovery Inverted flight requires bit down elevator held really enjoy flying plane think will too RC Technique/Myers continued page 23 receiver Ordinarily servo hooked up active system doing nothing will draw between 5 15 ma will jump up something like 250 ma move stick transmitter servo able move freely servo trying work against hinges have accidently epoxied together current will go higher usually some between 400 500 ma servo needs cleaning will draw current usual doing nothing Thats because dirty servos usually jitter shiver about transmitter Most trans mitters use some kind special charging plug thats hard find expensive Therefore easiest thing cut wires charger clip meter before thing about approach unsatisfactory have re connect cut ends restore normal operation Since probably wont measuring transmitter charging current very often because wont tell much just solder cut ends together again cover piece tape will take time measure charging currents system new write measured values owners manual will some value checking time time current will drop below normal values August 1979 105 Please send mecopies new 5th edition Radio Control Buyers Guide Enclosed $825 copy ordered $725 retail plus $100 postage Et handling City State ZIP Return RC Buyers Guide Clifton House Clifton VA 22024 W WI MODEL ACCESSORIES FINE QUALITY ENGINE KITS & CYLINDERS MACHINE GUN KITS LS TS INGS SEND SOt FOR COMPLETE CATALOG DEPr MA 0 181 PAWNEE STREET SAN MARCOS CALIFORNIA S 92069 [F Cuts Coverite gj4& Monokote better T other lade Lasts much CURVED MIC PROTECTSMCOVER &TABLETOPLETS YOU 8LAOE CARRY TRIMIT IN YOUR POCKET cells start drying out sign old age same reduction occurs have dirty connections fractured wires charg ing ioop other hand current will increase bit event have short-circuited cell somewhere pack Transmitters frequently operate long periods two shorted cells because resulting voltage loss doesnt reduce signal output critical level dont measure charging current about notice transmitter has charged frequently personal opinion charger should have reliable ammeter reason dont have cost cheap meters cost real money Since us have charger best alternative buy VOM make up handful adapters like described Thats month Keep letters coming George Myers 70 Froehlich Farm Rd Hicks yule NY 11801 ANNOUNCING Fast Steep Climb FLat Slow Glide 4 new Pclass model designed ce mind has potential win toughest COnl-p-eIitrO-tr THE POTENT30 Deluse kit features include Rolled balsa tusela e wing mount dt Completed prop nose plu9 tail plug & rudder Precut wing ribsapar notches job rated balsa strips Highest quality tissue lubed contest rubber Detailed instructions flying tips help yoa wiel CAT NO R2 $695 PP check money Order CHAS WERLE 3620 MORSE AVE N08 SACTO CALIF 95821 RC Soaring/Pruss Continued page 25 types thermal fliers well should noted wing root faced plywood another plywood rib three inches outboard provide support 5mm ID tubing accommodates main support wire three-function gliderrudder elevator moveable wingsnot ailerons moveable wings idea nothing new Bob Boucher ASW couple years back same function did others tried sake doing Some systems straight-forward others looked like innards slot machine French bird simple like things appear simple theyre result refinements Such case Axel Jean Claude Bosquet current French aerobatic champion refined design what see result four years development fuselage although aesthetically sleek appearance has flat sides parallel 1 Fiberglass fin Ipart fuselage 2 1/16 Plywood Stiffen fin expoxy 3 1/16VVireepoxy 4 1/l6VVireepoxv wire makes contact fin 5 1/16 Plywood drill out 3&4 6 Balsa rudder place 3 Ii II ii 4 1 0 5 B flatness ends trailing edge wing meets flatness allows mechanics kept simple airfoil design changed fuselage wing fillet giving away However having fillet fuselage tends weak wing trailing juncture Bosquet cleverly reinforced fuselage point epoxying plywood ring fuselage might seem like simple solution treating vulnerable spot Ive seen some filletless home designs werent beefed up area wing tip used first point touch-down trailing edge knifed fuselage leaving field repair made heart models wing moving ability lies specially molded bell cranks Bosquet developed Again simpleafter see themthey mount fuselage pivot common wire diameter Drive pins stick out fuselage slip wings just about two-thirds back leading edge wings held close fuselage onto wires rubber bands attached screw-in hooks wing roots rubber bands stretch behind main support rod point wing pivot thereby restricting wing movement provide wing fuselage clearance main support tube extends beyond fuselage sides 1/32 inch ends fuselage wing tubes provide al frictionless pivot point Slick As thermal competition fliers real ize reducing drag means time air know real hat sucker thermal will get ten-minute maxes manhole covers its dead air sleekness can mean seconds minutes sleekness means no ugly protuberances wide gaps can cause turbulence Sloppy fits around canopy fuselages can cost time Wide gaps just plain gaps around fuselage wing joints can induce drag point its worse doubling cross-section fuselage point dirtiest areas aerodynamically speaking sailplanes tail area its flying 106 Model Aviation
Edition: Model Aviation - 1979/08
Page Numbers: 22, 23, 105, 106
EVERY often someone asks can sure what current being fed batteries charger simple swer Use ammeter nothing really simple What ammeter connect usual rejoinders Lets answer simple question first best way connect ammeter system cutting spare aileron extender cable shown Fig 1 Most sets delivered least extender cable seldom used So cut up need came set didnt receive contact manufacturer should cost less $5 important thing remem ber about cutting cable cut wire connect cut ends ammeter Leave other wires intact Now difficult question What kind meter should used really isnt much choice because cheap panel meters have virtually disappeared hobby market best bet VOM Volt/ Ohm-meter costing about $35 will offer about 20 switch-selected ranges measure DC volts AC volts ohms DC amperes Note thatyou will able measure AC current Before buying anything lets look what expect measurePractically RC systems include slow charger instructions charge 14 16 hours working correctly type charger puts between 45 55 milli amperes DC current battery pack regardless whether considering flight batteries transmitter bat teries Therefore should select VOM has DC current range marked 6Oma because thats range want Some systems supplied Quick chargers instructions charge 5 6 hours As would expect cutting time factor three requires current increased same factor normal current will 135 165 milliamperes Due heating losses quick charging may find current has set bit higher perhaps up 200 ma Thats OK too Just look VOM DC current range marked 300 ma because thats youll using Ill assume now anyone still reading has VOM aileron cable next question Which wire cut Plug aileron extension cable flight battery pack Now look carefully Does extension cable have wire battery pack thats signal wire its dont cut Cut either other ones Take out piece about 1 inch long wire have just cut avoid accidental short circuits later Pull about 4-in insulation cut ends remaining solder loose ends bundle its called tinning wire gives VOM clips something hang Now plug other end extension cable charger plug charger wall red light shouldnt light because removed part wires Set VOM highest DC Current range touch meter leads cut soldered wire ends light should light meter may deflect either up-scale down-scale Take note situation have down-scale exchange meter leads try again have right meter connec tions lift off connection change meter range next lower value try again Keep trying lower ranges until have range shows greatest possible on-scale deflection read charging current may bit less 22 Model Aviation Fig 2 Plugging extension cable battery pack usually reveals lead carries signal Other two leads carry battery current may cut either purpose inserting meter Fig 1 Typical aileron extension cable case Cox/Sanwapicked off card local hobby shop S350 Prices vary Fig 3 group VOMS typical kind will meet needs like build own equipment might try Archerkit center available Hobby Shack Heathkit expect 10% less OK Back third paragraph mentioned VOM cant measure AC current charger puts out mixture AC DC good battery VOM reads DC some portion AC depending its design absolute accuracy measuring mixed cur rents need device called thermo couple type ammeter dont need absolute accuracy VOM good enough price right adapter just made has several uses 1 You can put between switch harness flight battery pack time want measure charging current whether plane out 2 You can reverse meter connections measure current being drawn battery airborne system particularly useful bit information cause shows up unexpected things like stalled servos caused stiff throttle springs engine 3 can put between servo Continued page 105 August 1979 23 Fig 4 Cut piece out wires Leave rest untouched Strip about % insul ation cut ends tin exposed wires VOM attached workIng Meter reaas 42 MA normal slow charger Coiled VOM leads have no adverse affects measuring diarging currents lead lengths should kept minimum measuring currents active radio minimum coil up excess length hold rubber band shown Fig 6 measuring current drawn operating receiver buy pair banana plugs fit meter Connect ends directly plugs shown minimizes total length wire add system Too much wire can lead littering servos 1 Fig 7 photo shows normal situation Receiver actuated transmitter isnt meter shows about 30 MA being drawn rks setting up photo showing authors Aquila both transmitter receiver actuated discovered servos trouble Note meter shows 300 MA being drawn though servos supposed moving turned out hook-release servo excessive preload aircraft finishing continue use silk dope because like toughness strength resistance dents scratches ever structure does need added strength plastic film covering could used equal success make no effort obtain super finish complete struc ture given three heavy brushed coats clear dope minimum thinner added Silk applied wet over balsa surfaces plywood silk given five six brushed coats clear dope followed two coats very thin dope talcum powder mixture filler mixture contains too little thinner filler becomes difficult sand too much talc used finish will reticulate crack will also difficult sand because loads sand paper Using number 150 grade open-coat aluminum oxide paper talc will removed sanding leaving pores silk filled silk grain will plainly visible Two coats clear will seal talc prevent its bleeding through final color coats clear coats can either brushed sprayed Color coats follow use spray light finish Color used hide surface blemishes should non existent after talc sanding Since color adds weight keep color coats light density Plywood surfaces fiber glass cowl need minimum preparation Flying Check correct center gravity plane needed no addition weight its first flight also needed no trim change Retracting landing gear will have greater effect expected because large wheels contribute drag plane doesnt really need retracts could easily converted rigid gear substituting hardwood mounts wings stand ard tricycle nose gear Takeoff landing real pleasure nose gear length shown touch up elevator takeoff speed lifts nose gracefully tendency jump off As plane approaches ground landing up elevator fed gradually holding nose up touch-down rear wheels first no tendency wing tip drop during type landing used scale-like performance reduce speed minimum impact Control surface travel side cen ter follows elevator 11/16 aileron 3/16 rudder 1W low travel elevator aileron contributing fac tors smooth handling enjoy Ariel Sport Elevator needs travel sufficient amount lower tail takeoff landing aileron travel indicated plane will axial roll less two seconds wide rudder travel used execution stall turns Spins snap-roll maneuvers positive both entry recovery Inverted flight requires bit down elevator held really enjoy flying plane think will too RC Technique/Myers continued page 23 receiver Ordinarily servo hooked up active system doing nothing will draw between 5 15 ma will jump up something like 250 ma move stick transmitter servo able move freely servo trying work against hinges have accidently epoxied together current will go higher usually some between 400 500 ma servo needs cleaning will draw current usual doing nothing Thats because dirty servos usually jitter shiver about transmitter Most trans mitters use some kind special charging plug thats hard find expensive Therefore easiest thing cut wires charger clip meter before thing about approach unsatisfactory have re connect cut ends restore normal operation Since probably wont measuring transmitter charging current very often because wont tell much just solder cut ends together again cover piece tape will take time measure charging currents system new write measured values owners manual will some value checking time time current will drop below normal values August 1979 105 Please send mecopies new 5th edition Radio Control Buyers Guide Enclosed $825 copy ordered $725 retail plus $100 postage Et handling City State ZIP Return RC Buyers Guide Clifton House Clifton VA 22024 W WI MODEL ACCESSORIES FINE QUALITY ENGINE KITS & CYLINDERS MACHINE GUN KITS LS TS INGS SEND SOt FOR COMPLETE CATALOG DEPr MA 0 181 PAWNEE STREET SAN MARCOS CALIFORNIA S 92069 [F Cuts Coverite gj4& Monokote better T other lade Lasts much CURVED MIC PROTECTSMCOVER &TABLETOPLETS YOU 8LAOE CARRY TRIMIT IN YOUR POCKET cells start drying out sign old age same reduction occurs have dirty connections fractured wires charg ing ioop other hand current will increase bit event have short-circuited cell somewhere pack Transmitters frequently operate long periods two shorted cells because resulting voltage loss doesnt reduce signal output critical level dont measure charging current about notice transmitter has charged frequently personal opinion charger should have reliable ammeter reason dont have cost cheap meters cost real money Since us have charger best alternative buy VOM make up handful adapters like described Thats month Keep letters coming George Myers 70 Froehlich Farm Rd Hicks yule NY 11801 ANNOUNCING Fast Steep Climb FLat Slow Glide 4 new Pclass model designed ce mind has potential win toughest COnl-p-eIitrO-tr THE POTENT30 Deluse kit features include Rolled balsa tusela e wing mount dt Completed prop nose plu9 tail plug & rudder Precut wing ribsapar notches job rated balsa strips Highest quality tissue lubed contest rubber Detailed instructions flying tips help yoa wiel CAT NO R2 $695 PP check money Order CHAS WERLE 3620 MORSE AVE N08 SACTO CALIF 95821 RC Soaring/Pruss Continued page 25 types thermal fliers well should noted wing root faced plywood another plywood rib three inches outboard provide support 5mm ID tubing accommodates main support wire three-function gliderrudder elevator moveable wingsnot ailerons moveable wings idea nothing new Bob Boucher ASW couple years back same function did others tried sake doing Some systems straight-forward others looked like innards slot machine French bird simple like things appear simple theyre result refinements Such case Axel Jean Claude Bosquet current French aerobatic champion refined design what see result four years development fuselage although aesthetically sleek appearance has flat sides parallel 1 Fiberglass fin Ipart fuselage 2 1/16 Plywood Stiffen fin expoxy 3 1/16VVireepoxy 4 1/l6VVireepoxv wire makes contact fin 5 1/16 Plywood drill out 3&4 6 Balsa rudder place 3 Ii II ii 4 1 0 5 B flatness ends trailing edge wing meets flatness allows mechanics kept simple airfoil design changed fuselage wing fillet giving away However having fillet fuselage tends weak wing trailing juncture Bosquet cleverly reinforced fuselage point epoxying plywood ring fuselage might seem like simple solution treating vulnerable spot Ive seen some filletless home designs werent beefed up area wing tip used first point touch-down trailing edge knifed fuselage leaving field repair made heart models wing moving ability lies specially molded bell cranks Bosquet developed Again simpleafter see themthey mount fuselage pivot common wire diameter Drive pins stick out fuselage slip wings just about two-thirds back leading edge wings held close fuselage onto wires rubber bands attached screw-in hooks wing roots rubber bands stretch behind main support rod point wing pivot thereby restricting wing movement provide wing fuselage clearance main support tube extends beyond fuselage sides 1/32 inch ends fuselage wing tubes provide al frictionless pivot point Slick As thermal competition fliers real ize reducing drag means time air know real hat sucker thermal will get ten-minute maxes manhole covers its dead air sleekness can mean seconds minutes sleekness means no ugly protuberances wide gaps can cause turbulence Sloppy fits around canopy fuselages can cost time Wide gaps just plain gaps around fuselage wing joints can induce drag point its worse doubling cross-section fuselage point dirtiest areas aerodynamically speaking sailplanes tail area its flying 106 Model Aviation
Edition: Model Aviation - 1979/08
Page Numbers: 22, 23, 105, 106
EVERY often someone asks can sure what current being fed batteries charger simple swer Use ammeter nothing really simple What ammeter connect usual rejoinders Lets answer simple question first best way connect ammeter system cutting spare aileron extender cable shown Fig 1 Most sets delivered least extender cable seldom used So cut up need came set didnt receive contact manufacturer should cost less $5 important thing remem ber about cutting cable cut wire connect cut ends ammeter Leave other wires intact Now difficult question What kind meter should used really isnt much choice because cheap panel meters have virtually disappeared hobby market best bet VOM Volt/ Ohm-meter costing about $35 will offer about 20 switch-selected ranges measure DC volts AC volts ohms DC amperes Note thatyou will able measure AC current Before buying anything lets look what expect measurePractically RC systems include slow charger instructions charge 14 16 hours working correctly type charger puts between 45 55 milli amperes DC current battery pack regardless whether considering flight batteries transmitter bat teries Therefore should select VOM has DC current range marked 6Oma because thats range want Some systems supplied Quick chargers instructions charge 5 6 hours As would expect cutting time factor three requires current increased same factor normal current will 135 165 milliamperes Due heating losses quick charging may find current has set bit higher perhaps up 200 ma Thats OK too Just look VOM DC current range marked 300 ma because thats youll using Ill assume now anyone still reading has VOM aileron cable next question Which wire cut Plug aileron extension cable flight battery pack Now look carefully Does extension cable have wire battery pack thats signal wire its dont cut Cut either other ones Take out piece about 1 inch long wire have just cut avoid accidental short circuits later Pull about 4-in insulation cut ends remaining solder loose ends bundle its called tinning wire gives VOM clips something hang Now plug other end extension cable charger plug charger wall red light shouldnt light because removed part wires Set VOM highest DC Current range touch meter leads cut soldered wire ends light should light meter may deflect either up-scale down-scale Take note situation have down-scale exchange meter leads try again have right meter connec tions lift off connection change meter range next lower value try again Keep trying lower ranges until have range shows greatest possible on-scale deflection read charging current may bit less 22 Model Aviation Fig 2 Plugging extension cable battery pack usually reveals lead carries signal Other two leads carry battery current may cut either purpose inserting meter Fig 1 Typical aileron extension cable case Cox/Sanwapicked off card local hobby shop S350 Prices vary Fig 3 group VOMS typical kind will meet needs like build own equipment might try Archerkit center available Hobby Shack Heathkit expect 10% less OK Back third paragraph mentioned VOM cant measure AC current charger puts out mixture AC DC good battery VOM reads DC some portion AC depending its design absolute accuracy measuring mixed cur rents need device called thermo couple type ammeter dont need absolute accuracy VOM good enough price right adapter just made has several uses 1 You can put between switch harness flight battery pack time want measure charging current whether plane out 2 You can reverse meter connections measure current being drawn battery airborne system particularly useful bit information cause shows up unexpected things like stalled servos caused stiff throttle springs engine 3 can put between servo Continued page 105 August 1979 23 Fig 4 Cut piece out wires Leave rest untouched Strip about % insul ation cut ends tin exposed wires VOM attached workIng Meter reaas 42 MA normal slow charger Coiled VOM leads have no adverse affects measuring diarging currents lead lengths should kept minimum measuring currents active radio minimum coil up excess length hold rubber band shown Fig 6 measuring current drawn operating receiver buy pair banana plugs fit meter Connect ends directly plugs shown minimizes total length wire add system Too much wire can lead littering servos 1 Fig 7 photo shows normal situation Receiver actuated transmitter isnt meter shows about 30 MA being drawn rks setting up photo showing authors Aquila both transmitter receiver actuated discovered servos trouble Note meter shows 300 MA being drawn though servos supposed moving turned out hook-release servo excessive preload aircraft finishing continue use silk dope because like toughness strength resistance dents scratches ever structure does need added strength plastic film covering could used equal success make no effort obtain super finish complete struc ture given three heavy brushed coats clear dope minimum thinner added Silk applied wet over balsa surfaces plywood silk given five six brushed coats clear dope followed two coats very thin dope talcum powder mixture filler mixture contains too little thinner filler becomes difficult sand too much talc used finish will reticulate crack will also difficult sand because loads sand paper Using number 150 grade open-coat aluminum oxide paper talc will removed sanding leaving pores silk filled silk grain will plainly visible Two coats clear will seal talc prevent its bleeding through final color coats clear coats can either brushed sprayed Color coats follow use spray light finish Color used hide surface blemishes should non existent after talc sanding Since color adds weight keep color coats light density Plywood surfaces fiber glass cowl need minimum preparation Flying Check correct center gravity plane needed no addition weight its first flight also needed no trim change Retracting landing gear will have greater effect expected because large wheels contribute drag plane doesnt really need retracts could easily converted rigid gear substituting hardwood mounts wings stand ard tricycle nose gear Takeoff landing real pleasure nose gear length shown touch up elevator takeoff speed lifts nose gracefully tendency jump off As plane approaches ground landing up elevator fed gradually holding nose up touch-down rear wheels first no tendency wing tip drop during type landing used scale-like performance reduce speed minimum impact Control surface travel side cen ter follows elevator 11/16 aileron 3/16 rudder 1W low travel elevator aileron contributing fac tors smooth handling enjoy Ariel Sport Elevator needs travel sufficient amount lower tail takeoff landing aileron travel indicated plane will axial roll less two seconds wide rudder travel used execution stall turns Spins snap-roll maneuvers positive both entry recovery Inverted flight requires bit down elevator held really enjoy flying plane think will too RC Technique/Myers continued page 23 receiver Ordinarily servo hooked up active system doing nothing will draw between 5 15 ma will jump up something like 250 ma move stick transmitter servo able move freely servo trying work against hinges have accidently epoxied together current will go higher usually some between 400 500 ma servo needs cleaning will draw current usual doing nothing Thats because dirty servos usually jitter shiver about transmitter Most trans mitters use some kind special charging plug thats hard find expensive Therefore easiest thing cut wires charger clip meter before thing about approach unsatisfactory have re connect cut ends restore normal operation Since probably wont measuring transmitter charging current very often because wont tell much just solder cut ends together again cover piece tape will take time measure charging currents system new write measured values owners manual will some value checking time time current will drop below normal values August 1979 105 Please send mecopies new 5th edition Radio Control Buyers Guide Enclosed $825 copy ordered $725 retail plus $100 postage Et handling City State ZIP Return RC Buyers Guide Clifton House Clifton VA 22024 W WI MODEL ACCESSORIES FINE QUALITY ENGINE KITS & CYLINDERS MACHINE GUN KITS LS TS INGS SEND SOt FOR COMPLETE CATALOG DEPr MA 0 181 PAWNEE STREET SAN MARCOS CALIFORNIA S 92069 [F Cuts Coverite gj4& Monokote better T other lade Lasts much CURVED MIC PROTECTSMCOVER &TABLETOPLETS YOU 8LAOE CARRY TRIMIT IN YOUR POCKET cells start drying out sign old age same reduction occurs have dirty connections fractured wires charg ing ioop other hand current will increase bit event have short-circuited cell somewhere pack Transmitters frequently operate long periods two shorted cells because resulting voltage loss doesnt reduce signal output critical level dont measure charging current about notice transmitter has charged frequently personal opinion charger should have reliable ammeter reason dont have cost cheap meters cost real money Since us have charger best alternative buy VOM make up handful adapters like described Thats month Keep letters coming George Myers 70 Froehlich Farm Rd Hicks yule NY 11801 ANNOUNCING Fast Steep Climb FLat Slow Glide 4 new Pclass model designed ce mind has potential win toughest COnl-p-eIitrO-tr THE POTENT30 Deluse kit features include Rolled balsa tusela e wing mount dt Completed prop nose plu9 tail plug & rudder Precut wing ribsapar notches job rated balsa strips Highest quality tissue lubed contest rubber Detailed instructions flying tips help yoa wiel CAT NO R2 $695 PP check money Order CHAS WERLE 3620 MORSE AVE N08 SACTO CALIF 95821 RC Soaring/Pruss Continued page 25 types thermal fliers well should noted wing root faced plywood another plywood rib three inches outboard provide support 5mm ID tubing accommodates main support wire three-function gliderrudder elevator moveable wingsnot ailerons moveable wings idea nothing new Bob Boucher ASW couple years back same function did others tried sake doing Some systems straight-forward others looked like innards slot machine French bird simple like things appear simple theyre result refinements Such case Axel Jean Claude Bosquet current French aerobatic champion refined design what see result four years development fuselage although aesthetically sleek appearance has flat sides parallel 1 Fiberglass fin Ipart fuselage 2 1/16 Plywood Stiffen fin expoxy 3 1/16VVireepoxy 4 1/l6VVireepoxv wire makes contact fin 5 1/16 Plywood drill out 3&4 6 Balsa rudder place 3 Ii II ii 4 1 0 5 B flatness ends trailing edge wing meets flatness allows mechanics kept simple airfoil design changed fuselage wing fillet giving away However having fillet fuselage tends weak wing trailing juncture Bosquet cleverly reinforced fuselage point epoxying plywood ring fuselage might seem like simple solution treating vulnerable spot Ive seen some filletless home designs werent beefed up area wing tip used first point touch-down trailing edge knifed fuselage leaving field repair made heart models wing moving ability lies specially molded bell cranks Bosquet developed Again simpleafter see themthey mount fuselage pivot common wire diameter Drive pins stick out fuselage slip wings just about two-thirds back leading edge wings held close fuselage onto wires rubber bands attached screw-in hooks wing roots rubber bands stretch behind main support rod point wing pivot thereby restricting wing movement provide wing fuselage clearance main support tube extends beyond fuselage sides 1/32 inch ends fuselage wing tubes provide al frictionless pivot point Slick As thermal competition fliers real ize reducing drag means time air know real hat sucker thermal will get ten-minute maxes manhole covers its dead air sleekness can mean seconds minutes sleekness means no ugly protuberances wide gaps can cause turbulence Sloppy fits around canopy fuselages can cost time Wide gaps just plain gaps around fuselage wing joints can induce drag point its worse doubling cross-section fuselage point dirtiest areas aerodynamically speaking sailplanes tail area its flying 106 Model Aviation