Radio Technique George M Myers REMEMBER radio frequency inter ference REI strikes warning results can catastrophic strikes people send letters phone calls over United States either because am chairman AMA Frequency Committee because write column Most com plaints about 1 Performance new radios poorer expected 2 Interference operations new RC channels Obviously part crease number complaints can explained fact number people using new radios new chan nels has increased didnt expect see such high percentage complaints about next item 3 Unexplained interferences between radios new RC channels Let deal order 1 Poor performance expect expensive complicated new RC system will work better old cheap simple better equals improved RET resistance Unfortunate ly price differential expen sive RC systems goes added control capability chrome plate Price usually has nothing RET resistance few cases price has got something REI resistance Kraft KPR-8FD Futaba DPM systems next complaint Its too expensive Perhaps What will next crash cost killer will occasionally spend extra money better perform ancethen crash anyway happens have sympathy personal experience KPR 8FD crystal-controlled system KPR-8FDS synthesizer has good reported few folks four know have reported troubles Kraft systems just mentioned three have reported troubles Futaba DPM small numbers complaints complaint repre sents real distress problem cant know have good bad system until fly crashing Thats rarely write about anything until Ive used few months like give some time bugs appear Testing hard work time some thing has gone through test programs know whether trust trust want around future use thing makes shudder guy appears field brand-new airplane engine RC system look equivalent hand grenade pin out manages get through first flight crashing usually hide car second flight electronic devices have infant mortality period Abrupt failures will occur frequency occur rance diminishes equipment ages So longer works well longer can expect work well first computer cost lot RC system died four hours sec ond lasted 16 hours machine have now has worked perfectly 18 months resist idea trading up something better because what have works expect will work long time wouldnt know what -F 50 FEET 1 MOVE STICKS 2 WATCH CONTROL SURFACES fl MOVE TOWARD PLANE 8 rff p Setup third-order intermodulatlon 31M testing Put piane ground receiver ON Waik out about 50 ft Hold trans mitter antenna paralici receiver antenna turn transmitter ON Verify control Have friend two stand between plane operating transmitters adjacent second-adjacent channels note fiags Have him/them walk toward plane hoiding transmitter antennas paraiiei airplane antenna Observe distance interference occurs Aver age-performing radios will glitch interfering transmitters halfway between plane Better-performing ones will interference-free until interfering transmitters closer airplane 40 Model Aviation expect new Ive told big-name computer manufacturer satisfied 33% failure rate during warranty period RC manufacturers lot better 2 Interference given 50 inter stitial channels FCC instead smaller number exclusive channels requested because known beginning FCC AMA some new RC channels might suffer interference given then-current state art AMA Phase-In Plan see Jack Albrechts explanation MA August 1984 pages 103 104 care fully designed avoid predictable modeler-to-modeler interferences among RC radio designs use time does future know art RC system design can improved eliminate some interferences AMA Phase-In Plan avoids thereby freeing additional channels Another reason FCCs decision expected some chan nels some locations would inter fered licensed Primary Users have covered subject length column can review Model Aviation issues dated July 1979 July October 1981 January April June July August 1982 May June July August September October 1983 February April May August September October 1984 January 1985 some background subject Incidently what other model magazine has given much factual data subject no possible way eliminate Primary User interferences AU can use channels suffer Secondary Users means denied right complain about inter ference properly-operating Primary Users course Primary Users operate improperly anyone can complain about factor seems common latest complaints New singleconversion FM sets being interfered old AM transmitters gave oversimplified explanation & Happens Radio Technique February 1984 wont end manufacturers cling old singleconversion 455 kHz IF superhetrodyne design new FM receivers long cling old AM trans mitters cases guy old AM set has advantage relative FM operators adjacent channels looms major problems solved implementing new RC channels Suppose everyone abandoned old AM sets rushed out buy new FM sets What would happen Based testing performed abroad would able operate FM sets simultaneously safely closerspaced channels would case AM sets would happen because possible operate FM sets four five kHz deviation AM sets need twice much bandwidth work properly However get advantages sets group FM narrow-band setslike excel lent Kraft KPR-8FD other hand stand point avoiding crashes might reason can better sticking AM set using widelyspaced channels Actually idea has merit AM have worry about ignition noise motor bikes corona discharge around power lines sunspots lightning flashes pocket pagers metal-to-metal clatter airplane etc Im being sarcastic FM will better AM get right enough people use meantime theres DPM digital pulsecode modulation such offered Futaba Actually modula tion FSK frequency shift keying proper name what call FM Confused DPM FM feeds information digital computer airplane receiver computer provides advantage DPM because can sort valid signals noise respond valid signals experience DPM resists interference better AM FM sets using old-style pulse-width modulation Jim Oddino RCM keeps talking about spread spectrum transmissions way avoid interference hope hes right someone makes work 3 Modeler- to-modeler interference sort interference common RC systems. d-order intermodula tion interference 31M happens time three sequentially-numbered RC channels operate simultaneously eg RC46 RC48 RC5O makes no dif ference whether AM FM DPM will interfere another What happens other two will gang up guy end string RC46 RC48 will hit RC5O RC5O RC48 will hit RC46 under certain conditions new channel free 31M RCl2 condition 31M interference appears time interfering pair transmitters gets halfway between third transmitter airplane con trolled Dual-conversion narrowband FM DCnbFM wont absolutely protect inter fering pair has lot closer airplane would case DCnbFM before interference will take effect would nice Good Fairy could wave magic wand over make interferences go away real life must learn live around interference Observe cat Notice always Continued page 140 April 1985 41 Some control glitches dont have anything radiol instance above fatigue cracks Helicopter flex plate caused some funnies could have blamed interference other failure below produced serious glitchthis 1/16-indiameter music wire Helicopter tail rotor drive system fatigued torsion Doug Pratt AMA HQ staff has hooked two major information services CompuServe Source few months maintaining informa tion sorts modeling stuff printing news bulletins running conferences answering electronics mail finds modelers dont know about AMA Anyone owns home computer subscribes either outfits can reach AMA through AMA address 700202 24 CompuServe ST6232 Source Right now Im year 2001or 2010 can reach oldfashioned way Pencil ball-point type writerIm fully equipped pre solid-state interpret anything Some names squiggles Perhaps writers should print Anyone ROGs Bill Winter 4432 Altura Ct Fairfax VA 22030 Book/Winter Continued page 25 ployed no staples issue has 193 se lected fine photos some 77 collected Clapp bible Fair childs purpose have waited years tell about Clapp coverage obtained example Matt found Col deVriesa retired Air Force officer expert Scale modeler writes column RCM dayscov ered Standard story Charles Days 1910 biplane Cicero Field Chicago through Hisso-powered Jenny lookalike J-1 J-1 better plane Jennie bedeviled WW different lousy engine Hisso J-1 proved much favored early barnstormers knew Charlie Day barnstormed Glenn L Martin babe arms Charlie produced Cur tiss Hawks China before during China-Japan war before WW II interviewed Charlie old Saturday Evening Post spent three solid weeks him old Lafayette Hotel lower Fifth Ave accompanied wife flown around world him biplane own design Charliewasa majorfigure laterduringWW II Martin-Marietta headed Ca nadian aircraft production deVries Matt tell show things enthrall also Vol 17 contains equally good cover age Cessna Bobcat Consolidated PBY-5A Catalina USAAF pilot train ing WW II superficial stuff PBY story example includes 57 photos three pages drawings plan view double-size fold-out sheet dont just recommend bookI hope foolish enough miss far underpriced $1000 can still get Vol 15 16 suggest send required 504 stamps coin Matts latest illus trated catalog Historical Aviation Al bum PO Box 33 Temple City CA 91780 Bill Winter Stroker/Randolph Continued page 38 tray slide along mounting rails until airplane balances point plans glue spot aileron servo also mounted plywood tray glued -in balsa risers front back servo well wing Hook up linkages servos surfaces check proper movement elevator throw measured trail ing edge should about 3/ in direction rudder throw should about 1A Ailerons should own no Set transmitter trim tabs middle range control surfaces centered Range-check radio after everything installed Flying have never flown plane four-stroke engine before first flight will feel engine running fast enough fly airplane somewhat reluctant rotate Fear airplane will leap air fly just well 40-powered sport airplane can expect very groovy easyto-handle airplane little trim change required between upright verted flight loops almost same either direction difficult make Stroker snap slow speed both aileron rudder full deflection will control held will spinreluctantly Landings quite slow con trol through stall conventional gear handles just easily threewheeler really works well grass strips beauty four-stroke flying great sound fuel goes almost twice far Radio Technique/Myers Continued pa 41 alert possibility danger wary cat checks out neighborhood before makes move overconfident cat forgets check ends up dogmeat becomes part pavement Dont send cat-lover letters would emulate wary cat get yourself monitor learn use properly Perform some ground tests faced new unusual situa tion Find out what flying before fly Keep Sailplaneor expendable traineraround Send up test new systems test air turbulence wind shears RF interference etc before send up something expen sive dangerous important certain advantages letting other fellow fly first Use impound area insist others flying likewise En force frequency control means clothespins whatever Use frequency flags Frequency flags AMA con trol scheme cant denied insur ance charged fine put jail fail ing mount proper flag mounting wrong flag trans mitter can put out AMA activity including AMA club flying other hand dont depend frequency flags protect youl still too pastel flags around could anything Red Brown Orange rebels like own kind flag better Throw some crystal-swapping now legal module-swapping changing 140 Model Aviation handing line. complete line decals available model anywhere 6 NEW KILL MARKING SHEETS nsignia sheets also letters numbers e majordecals available popular 40-60 sizes plus Giant Scale American and~ 0 WW sizes believe major decals have comprehensive assortment available now sizes styles coming time pressure sensitive water transfer 00 DISTRIBUTORS INQUIRIES INVITED COITACT YOUR LOCAL HOBBY SHOP OR WRITE DIRECT Well bet line youll love being handed LETTERS AND DECALS NUMBERS COLOR 1-2-34-4 13/16F ~FflIFALCON-MC CAULEYFAHLIN IN 10 COLOR5E ILTON STANDARD PRESSURE SENSITIVE ndHARTZELL-PRATT & WHITNEY WATER TRANSFER dia thru 1/4 scale props NORTHEAST SCREEN GRAPHICS 21 FISHER AVE. EAST IONGMEADOW MA 01020 TEL 413-525-4110 Steve Helms904 478-6745 Al Featuring fast service qualified people latest equipment including SPECTRUM ANAL YZER AM FM SIGNAL GENERATOR Call Sam Leonard Tony Stiliman custom work competition needs stock complete hobby line specializing competition accessories discounted prices RADIO SOUTH- AUTHORIZED SERVICE CENTER FOR kruft Pro Line ie r- - bo JR 43 West Nine Mile Rd Pensacola FL 32514 * Futaba Distributor er Inquiries Welcome * correct flag ever correct first place have opportunity confusion Frequency flags accident looking place happen better nothing whole idea Red SRF flag page 128 Rule book cut down number frequency flag errors putting everything need right flag thereby making ridiculously easy mount proper information Due its distinctive size shape color colorblindness eliminated factors consideration Unfortunately cer tain AMA District VP seems unable understand problem Hes proba bly alone spite carryingon about uncertainties colors duplica tions colors numbers flags required difficulty learning understand ing 60 flags etc people prefer con tinuation old inefficient ways learning new better obvious thing Turn ON receiver before turn ON transmitE ng es/Ki sdo n k Continued page 45 Setting needle properly ground first step What really counts in-flight performance becomes somewhat difficult have depend sound also feel properly-tuned engine will slow down sag loops especially consecutive loops ex tended vertical maneuvers first sign sagging loss power retard throttle land open needle extended life service model engine prefer slightly rich nee dle setting can detect slight increase engine speed vertical maneu vers also allows model fly constant speed attitude ter may learn about someone channel interference before fly Dont fly before youve checked thing found 100o should Only birds ever have fly rest us can choose whether situation right flight Safe flight result planning checking testing beforehand get up start getting glitches throttle back land Weve seen far too experts crashed unnecessarily long after received first warning Sometimes glitches come ailerons have fluttered off servo arms have lost screws about jump off servo engines ready fall out rubberbands have failed cold about let wing go bye-bye hinges have pulled out similar disasters have nothing radios interferences Happy Landings George M Myers 70 Froehlich Farm Rd Hicksville NY 11801 Engine break-in olden days breaking-in model engine meant hooking up gallon fuel let ting run very rich several hours test stand end time probably nice piston-to-cylinder fit crank bushing well lapped connecting rod worn out Modern manufacturing technology re quires minimal break-in Piston/cylinder fits now controlled machining rather hand fitting lengthy wear-in Similarly cranks sup ported ball bearings now rule rather exception used carburetor-equipped engines rarely use test stand run-in engine anymore normal break-in procedure new engine usually done right airplane select propeller size smaller expect eventually use An example would 9-6 instead 10-6 11-6 instead 11-7 Whether reduction diameter pitch dependent will fly airplane best Open needle valve five six turns start engine about half throttle Let run three four minutes set ting gradually open throttle full point very slowly adjust needle valve progressively leaner ex act point four-cycle two-cycle transi tion back off quarter turn Check adjust idle point least acceptable should pointed out idle quality will improve after few flights final adjustments should made satisfied idle sufficient safely land airplane shut off engine refill fuel tank engine now ready in-flight break-in Dont think might just well get some flying breakingin engine sure beats watching engine run test stand Restart engine recheck both high-speed idle mixture settings doubt about high-speed setting run slightly rich Let takeoff full throttle once airplane safe comfortable altitude pull throttle back one-half three-quarters full full throttle will damage engine smaller prop will fully load should running slightly rich anyway Fly around like minute allowing engine cool itself go back full minute repeat cycle entire flight Repeat flight procedure cou ple flights gradually leaning out mixture until full power achieved After couple full-bore flights can fine-tune idle mixture April 1985 141
Edition: Model Aviation - 1985/04
Page Numbers: 40, 41, 140, 141
Radio Technique George M Myers REMEMBER radio frequency inter ference REI strikes warning results can catastrophic strikes people send letters phone calls over United States either because am chairman AMA Frequency Committee because write column Most com plaints about 1 Performance new radios poorer expected 2 Interference operations new RC channels Obviously part crease number complaints can explained fact number people using new radios new chan nels has increased didnt expect see such high percentage complaints about next item 3 Unexplained interferences between radios new RC channels Let deal order 1 Poor performance expect expensive complicated new RC system will work better old cheap simple better equals improved RET resistance Unfortunate ly price differential expen sive RC systems goes added control capability chrome plate Price usually has nothing RET resistance few cases price has got something REI resistance Kraft KPR-8FD Futaba DPM systems next complaint Its too expensive Perhaps What will next crash cost killer will occasionally spend extra money better perform ancethen crash anyway happens have sympathy personal experience KPR 8FD crystal-controlled system KPR-8FDS synthesizer has good reported few folks four know have reported troubles Kraft systems just mentioned three have reported troubles Futaba DPM small numbers complaints complaint repre sents real distress problem cant know have good bad system until fly crashing Thats rarely write about anything until Ive used few months like give some time bugs appear Testing hard work time some thing has gone through test programs know whether trust trust want around future use thing makes shudder guy appears field brand-new airplane engine RC system look equivalent hand grenade pin out manages get through first flight crashing usually hide car second flight electronic devices have infant mortality period Abrupt failures will occur frequency occur rance diminishes equipment ages So longer works well longer can expect work well first computer cost lot RC system died four hours sec ond lasted 16 hours machine have now has worked perfectly 18 months resist idea trading up something better because what have works expect will work long time wouldnt know what -F 50 FEET 1 MOVE STICKS 2 WATCH CONTROL SURFACES fl MOVE TOWARD PLANE 8 rff p Setup third-order intermodulatlon 31M testing Put piane ground receiver ON Waik out about 50 ft Hold trans mitter antenna paralici receiver antenna turn transmitter ON Verify control Have friend two stand between plane operating transmitters adjacent second-adjacent channels note fiags Have him/them walk toward plane hoiding transmitter antennas paraiiei airplane antenna Observe distance interference occurs Aver age-performing radios will glitch interfering transmitters halfway between plane Better-performing ones will interference-free until interfering transmitters closer airplane 40 Model Aviation expect new Ive told big-name computer manufacturer satisfied 33% failure rate during warranty period RC manufacturers lot better 2 Interference given 50 inter stitial channels FCC instead smaller number exclusive channels requested because known beginning FCC AMA some new RC channels might suffer interference given then-current state art AMA Phase-In Plan see Jack Albrechts explanation MA August 1984 pages 103 104 care fully designed avoid predictable modeler-to-modeler interferences among RC radio designs use time does future know art RC system design can improved eliminate some interferences AMA Phase-In Plan avoids thereby freeing additional channels Another reason FCCs decision expected some chan nels some locations would inter fered licensed Primary Users have covered subject length column can review Model Aviation issues dated July 1979 July October 1981 January April June July August 1982 May June July August September October 1983 February April May August September October 1984 January 1985 some background subject Incidently what other model magazine has given much factual data subject no possible way eliminate Primary User interferences AU can use channels suffer Secondary Users means denied right complain about inter ference properly-operating Primary Users course Primary Users operate improperly anyone can complain about factor seems common latest complaints New singleconversion FM sets being interfered old AM transmitters gave oversimplified explanation & Happens Radio Technique February 1984 wont end manufacturers cling old singleconversion 455 kHz IF superhetrodyne design new FM receivers long cling old AM trans mitters cases guy old AM set has advantage relative FM operators adjacent channels looms major problems solved implementing new RC channels Suppose everyone abandoned old AM sets rushed out buy new FM sets What would happen Based testing performed abroad would able operate FM sets simultaneously safely closerspaced channels would case AM sets would happen because possible operate FM sets four five kHz deviation AM sets need twice much bandwidth work properly However get advantages sets group FM narrow-band setslike excel lent Kraft KPR-8FD other hand stand point avoiding crashes might reason can better sticking AM set using widelyspaced channels Actually idea has merit AM have worry about ignition noise motor bikes corona discharge around power lines sunspots lightning flashes pocket pagers metal-to-metal clatter airplane etc Im being sarcastic FM will better AM get right enough people use meantime theres DPM digital pulsecode modulation such offered Futaba Actually modula tion FSK frequency shift keying proper name what call FM Confused DPM FM feeds information digital computer airplane receiver computer provides advantage DPM because can sort valid signals noise respond valid signals experience DPM resists interference better AM FM sets using old-style pulse-width modulation Jim Oddino RCM keeps talking about spread spectrum transmissions way avoid interference hope hes right someone makes work 3 Modeler- to-modeler interference sort interference common RC systems. d-order intermodula tion interference 31M happens time three sequentially-numbered RC channels operate simultaneously eg RC46 RC48 RC5O makes no dif ference whether AM FM DPM will interfere another What happens other two will gang up guy end string RC46 RC48 will hit RC5O RC5O RC48 will hit RC46 under certain conditions new channel free 31M RCl2 condition 31M interference appears time interfering pair transmitters gets halfway between third transmitter airplane con trolled Dual-conversion narrowband FM DCnbFM wont absolutely protect inter fering pair has lot closer airplane would case DCnbFM before interference will take effect would nice Good Fairy could wave magic wand over make interferences go away real life must learn live around interference Observe cat Notice always Continued page 140 April 1985 41 Some control glitches dont have anything radiol instance above fatigue cracks Helicopter flex plate caused some funnies could have blamed interference other failure below produced serious glitchthis 1/16-indiameter music wire Helicopter tail rotor drive system fatigued torsion Doug Pratt AMA HQ staff has hooked two major information services CompuServe Source few months maintaining informa tion sorts modeling stuff printing news bulletins running conferences answering electronics mail finds modelers dont know about AMA Anyone owns home computer subscribes either outfits can reach AMA through AMA address 700202 24 CompuServe ST6232 Source Right now Im year 2001or 2010 can reach oldfashioned way Pencil ball-point type writerIm fully equipped pre solid-state interpret anything Some names squiggles Perhaps writers should print Anyone ROGs Bill Winter 4432 Altura Ct Fairfax VA 22030 Book/Winter Continued page 25 ployed no staples issue has 193 se lected fine photos some 77 collected Clapp bible Fair childs purpose have waited years tell about Clapp coverage obtained example Matt found Col deVriesa retired Air Force officer expert Scale modeler writes column RCM dayscov ered Standard story Charles Days 1910 biplane Cicero Field Chicago through Hisso-powered Jenny lookalike J-1 J-1 better plane Jennie bedeviled WW different lousy engine Hisso J-1 proved much favored early barnstormers knew Charlie Day barnstormed Glenn L Martin babe arms Charlie produced Cur tiss Hawks China before during China-Japan war before WW II interviewed Charlie old Saturday Evening Post spent three solid weeks him old Lafayette Hotel lower Fifth Ave accompanied wife flown around world him biplane own design Charliewasa majorfigure laterduringWW II Martin-Marietta headed Ca nadian aircraft production deVries Matt tell show things enthrall also Vol 17 contains equally good cover age Cessna Bobcat Consolidated PBY-5A Catalina USAAF pilot train ing WW II superficial stuff PBY story example includes 57 photos three pages drawings plan view double-size fold-out sheet dont just recommend bookI hope foolish enough miss far underpriced $1000 can still get Vol 15 16 suggest send required 504 stamps coin Matts latest illus trated catalog Historical Aviation Al bum PO Box 33 Temple City CA 91780 Bill Winter Stroker/Randolph Continued page 38 tray slide along mounting rails until airplane balances point plans glue spot aileron servo also mounted plywood tray glued -in balsa risers front back servo well wing Hook up linkages servos surfaces check proper movement elevator throw measured trail ing edge should about 3/ in direction rudder throw should about 1A Ailerons should own no Set transmitter trim tabs middle range control surfaces centered Range-check radio after everything installed Flying have never flown plane four-stroke engine before first flight will feel engine running fast enough fly airplane somewhat reluctant rotate Fear airplane will leap air fly just well 40-powered sport airplane can expect very groovy easyto-handle airplane little trim change required between upright verted flight loops almost same either direction difficult make Stroker snap slow speed both aileron rudder full deflection will control held will spinreluctantly Landings quite slow con trol through stall conventional gear handles just easily threewheeler really works well grass strips beauty four-stroke flying great sound fuel goes almost twice far Radio Technique/Myers Continued pa 41 alert possibility danger wary cat checks out neighborhood before makes move overconfident cat forgets check ends up dogmeat becomes part pavement Dont send cat-lover letters would emulate wary cat get yourself monitor learn use properly Perform some ground tests faced new unusual situa tion Find out what flying before fly Keep Sailplaneor expendable traineraround Send up test new systems test air turbulence wind shears RF interference etc before send up something expen sive dangerous important certain advantages letting other fellow fly first Use impound area insist others flying likewise En force frequency control means clothespins whatever Use frequency flags Frequency flags AMA con trol scheme cant denied insur ance charged fine put jail fail ing mount proper flag mounting wrong flag trans mitter can put out AMA activity including AMA club flying other hand dont depend frequency flags protect youl still too pastel flags around could anything Red Brown Orange rebels like own kind flag better Throw some crystal-swapping now legal module-swapping changing 140 Model Aviation handing line. complete line decals available model anywhere 6 NEW KILL MARKING SHEETS nsignia sheets also letters numbers e majordecals available popular 40-60 sizes plus Giant Scale American and~ 0 WW sizes believe major decals have comprehensive assortment available now sizes styles coming time pressure sensitive water transfer 00 DISTRIBUTORS INQUIRIES INVITED COITACT YOUR LOCAL HOBBY SHOP OR WRITE DIRECT Well bet line youll love being handed LETTERS AND DECALS NUMBERS COLOR 1-2-34-4 13/16F ~FflIFALCON-MC CAULEYFAHLIN IN 10 COLOR5E ILTON STANDARD PRESSURE SENSITIVE ndHARTZELL-PRATT & WHITNEY WATER TRANSFER dia thru 1/4 scale props NORTHEAST SCREEN GRAPHICS 21 FISHER AVE. EAST IONGMEADOW MA 01020 TEL 413-525-4110 Steve Helms904 478-6745 Al Featuring fast service qualified people latest equipment including SPECTRUM ANAL YZER AM FM SIGNAL GENERATOR Call Sam Leonard Tony Stiliman custom work competition needs stock complete hobby line specializing competition accessories discounted prices RADIO SOUTH- AUTHORIZED SERVICE CENTER FOR kruft Pro Line ie r- - bo JR 43 West Nine Mile Rd Pensacola FL 32514 * Futaba Distributor er Inquiries Welcome * correct flag ever correct first place have opportunity confusion Frequency flags accident looking place happen better nothing whole idea Red SRF flag page 128 Rule book cut down number frequency flag errors putting everything need right flag thereby making ridiculously easy mount proper information Due its distinctive size shape color colorblindness eliminated factors consideration Unfortunately cer tain AMA District VP seems unable understand problem Hes proba bly alone spite carryingon about uncertainties colors duplica tions colors numbers flags required difficulty learning understand ing 60 flags etc people prefer con tinuation old inefficient ways learning new better obvious thing Turn ON receiver before turn ON transmitE ng es/Ki sdo n k Continued page 45 Setting needle properly ground first step What really counts in-flight performance becomes somewhat difficult have depend sound also feel properly-tuned engine will slow down sag loops especially consecutive loops ex tended vertical maneuvers first sign sagging loss power retard throttle land open needle extended life service model engine prefer slightly rich nee dle setting can detect slight increase engine speed vertical maneu vers also allows model fly constant speed attitude ter may learn about someone channel interference before fly Dont fly before youve checked thing found 100o should Only birds ever have fly rest us can choose whether situation right flight Safe flight result planning checking testing beforehand get up start getting glitches throttle back land Weve seen far too experts crashed unnecessarily long after received first warning Sometimes glitches come ailerons have fluttered off servo arms have lost screws about jump off servo engines ready fall out rubberbands have failed cold about let wing go bye-bye hinges have pulled out similar disasters have nothing radios interferences Happy Landings George M Myers 70 Froehlich Farm Rd Hicksville NY 11801 Engine break-in olden days breaking-in model engine meant hooking up gallon fuel let ting run very rich several hours test stand end time probably nice piston-to-cylinder fit crank bushing well lapped connecting rod worn out Modern manufacturing technology re quires minimal break-in Piston/cylinder fits now controlled machining rather hand fitting lengthy wear-in Similarly cranks sup ported ball bearings now rule rather exception used carburetor-equipped engines rarely use test stand run-in engine anymore normal break-in procedure new engine usually done right airplane select propeller size smaller expect eventually use An example would 9-6 instead 10-6 11-6 instead 11-7 Whether reduction diameter pitch dependent will fly airplane best Open needle valve five six turns start engine about half throttle Let run three four minutes set ting gradually open throttle full point very slowly adjust needle valve progressively leaner ex act point four-cycle two-cycle transi tion back off quarter turn Check adjust idle point least acceptable should pointed out idle quality will improve after few flights final adjustments should made satisfied idle sufficient safely land airplane shut off engine refill fuel tank engine now ready in-flight break-in Dont think might just well get some flying breakingin engine sure beats watching engine run test stand Restart engine recheck both high-speed idle mixture settings doubt about high-speed setting run slightly rich Let takeoff full throttle once airplane safe comfortable altitude pull throttle back one-half three-quarters full full throttle will damage engine smaller prop will fully load should running slightly rich anyway Fly around like minute allowing engine cool itself go back full minute repeat cycle entire flight Repeat flight procedure cou ple flights gradually leaning out mixture until full power achieved After couple full-bore flights can fine-tune idle mixture April 1985 141
Edition: Model Aviation - 1985/04
Page Numbers: 40, 41, 140, 141
Radio Technique George M Myers REMEMBER radio frequency inter ference REI strikes warning results can catastrophic strikes people send letters phone calls over United States either because am chairman AMA Frequency Committee because write column Most com plaints about 1 Performance new radios poorer expected 2 Interference operations new RC channels Obviously part crease number complaints can explained fact number people using new radios new chan nels has increased didnt expect see such high percentage complaints about next item 3 Unexplained interferences between radios new RC channels Let deal order 1 Poor performance expect expensive complicated new RC system will work better old cheap simple better equals improved RET resistance Unfortunate ly price differential expen sive RC systems goes added control capability chrome plate Price usually has nothing RET resistance few cases price has got something REI resistance Kraft KPR-8FD Futaba DPM systems next complaint Its too expensive Perhaps What will next crash cost killer will occasionally spend extra money better perform ancethen crash anyway happens have sympathy personal experience KPR 8FD crystal-controlled system KPR-8FDS synthesizer has good reported few folks four know have reported troubles Kraft systems just mentioned three have reported troubles Futaba DPM small numbers complaints complaint repre sents real distress problem cant know have good bad system until fly crashing Thats rarely write about anything until Ive used few months like give some time bugs appear Testing hard work time some thing has gone through test programs know whether trust trust want around future use thing makes shudder guy appears field brand-new airplane engine RC system look equivalent hand grenade pin out manages get through first flight crashing usually hide car second flight electronic devices have infant mortality period Abrupt failures will occur frequency occur rance diminishes equipment ages So longer works well longer can expect work well first computer cost lot RC system died four hours sec ond lasted 16 hours machine have now has worked perfectly 18 months resist idea trading up something better because what have works expect will work long time wouldnt know what -F 50 FEET 1 MOVE STICKS 2 WATCH CONTROL SURFACES fl MOVE TOWARD PLANE 8 rff p Setup third-order intermodulatlon 31M testing Put piane ground receiver ON Waik out about 50 ft Hold trans mitter antenna paralici receiver antenna turn transmitter ON Verify control Have friend two stand between plane operating transmitters adjacent second-adjacent channels note fiags Have him/them walk toward plane hoiding transmitter antennas paraiiei airplane antenna Observe distance interference occurs Aver age-performing radios will glitch interfering transmitters halfway between plane Better-performing ones will interference-free until interfering transmitters closer airplane 40 Model Aviation expect new Ive told big-name computer manufacturer satisfied 33% failure rate during warranty period RC manufacturers lot better 2 Interference given 50 inter stitial channels FCC instead smaller number exclusive channels requested because known beginning FCC AMA some new RC channels might suffer interference given then-current state art AMA Phase-In Plan see Jack Albrechts explanation MA August 1984 pages 103 104 care fully designed avoid predictable modeler-to-modeler interferences among RC radio designs use time does future know art RC system design can improved eliminate some interferences AMA Phase-In Plan avoids thereby freeing additional channels Another reason FCCs decision expected some chan nels some locations would inter fered licensed Primary Users have covered subject length column can review Model Aviation issues dated July 1979 July October 1981 January April June July August 1982 May June July August September October 1983 February April May August September October 1984 January 1985 some background subject Incidently what other model magazine has given much factual data subject no possible way eliminate Primary User interferences AU can use channels suffer Secondary Users means denied right complain about inter ference properly-operating Primary Users course Primary Users operate improperly anyone can complain about factor seems common latest complaints New singleconversion FM sets being interfered old AM transmitters gave oversimplified explanation & Happens Radio Technique February 1984 wont end manufacturers cling old singleconversion 455 kHz IF superhetrodyne design new FM receivers long cling old AM trans mitters cases guy old AM set has advantage relative FM operators adjacent channels looms major problems solved implementing new RC channels Suppose everyone abandoned old AM sets rushed out buy new FM sets What would happen Based testing performed abroad would able operate FM sets simultaneously safely closerspaced channels would case AM sets would happen because possible operate FM sets four five kHz deviation AM sets need twice much bandwidth work properly However get advantages sets group FM narrow-band setslike excel lent Kraft KPR-8FD other hand stand point avoiding crashes might reason can better sticking AM set using widelyspaced channels Actually idea has merit AM have worry about ignition noise motor bikes corona discharge around power lines sunspots lightning flashes pocket pagers metal-to-metal clatter airplane etc Im being sarcastic FM will better AM get right enough people use meantime theres DPM digital pulsecode modulation such offered Futaba Actually modula tion FSK frequency shift keying proper name what call FM Confused DPM FM feeds information digital computer airplane receiver computer provides advantage DPM because can sort valid signals noise respond valid signals experience DPM resists interference better AM FM sets using old-style pulse-width modulation Jim Oddino RCM keeps talking about spread spectrum transmissions way avoid interference hope hes right someone makes work 3 Modeler- to-modeler interference sort interference common RC systems. d-order intermodula tion interference 31M happens time three sequentially-numbered RC channels operate simultaneously eg RC46 RC48 RC5O makes no dif ference whether AM FM DPM will interfere another What happens other two will gang up guy end string RC46 RC48 will hit RC5O RC5O RC48 will hit RC46 under certain conditions new channel free 31M RCl2 condition 31M interference appears time interfering pair transmitters gets halfway between third transmitter airplane con trolled Dual-conversion narrowband FM DCnbFM wont absolutely protect inter fering pair has lot closer airplane would case DCnbFM before interference will take effect would nice Good Fairy could wave magic wand over make interferences go away real life must learn live around interference Observe cat Notice always Continued page 140 April 1985 41 Some control glitches dont have anything radiol instance above fatigue cracks Helicopter flex plate caused some funnies could have blamed interference other failure below produced serious glitchthis 1/16-indiameter music wire Helicopter tail rotor drive system fatigued torsion Doug Pratt AMA HQ staff has hooked two major information services CompuServe Source few months maintaining informa tion sorts modeling stuff printing news bulletins running conferences answering electronics mail finds modelers dont know about AMA Anyone owns home computer subscribes either outfits can reach AMA through AMA address 700202 24 CompuServe ST6232 Source Right now Im year 2001or 2010 can reach oldfashioned way Pencil ball-point type writerIm fully equipped pre solid-state interpret anything Some names squiggles Perhaps writers should print Anyone ROGs Bill Winter 4432 Altura Ct Fairfax VA 22030 Book/Winter Continued page 25 ployed no staples issue has 193 se lected fine photos some 77 collected Clapp bible Fair childs purpose have waited years tell about Clapp coverage obtained example Matt found Col deVriesa retired Air Force officer expert Scale modeler writes column RCM dayscov ered Standard story Charles Days 1910 biplane Cicero Field Chicago through Hisso-powered Jenny lookalike J-1 J-1 better plane Jennie bedeviled WW different lousy engine Hisso J-1 proved much favored early barnstormers knew Charlie Day barnstormed Glenn L Martin babe arms Charlie produced Cur tiss Hawks China before during China-Japan war before WW II interviewed Charlie old Saturday Evening Post spent three solid weeks him old Lafayette Hotel lower Fifth Ave accompanied wife flown around world him biplane own design Charliewasa majorfigure laterduringWW II Martin-Marietta headed Ca nadian aircraft production deVries Matt tell show things enthrall also Vol 17 contains equally good cover age Cessna Bobcat Consolidated PBY-5A Catalina USAAF pilot train ing WW II superficial stuff PBY story example includes 57 photos three pages drawings plan view double-size fold-out sheet dont just recommend bookI hope foolish enough miss far underpriced $1000 can still get Vol 15 16 suggest send required 504 stamps coin Matts latest illus trated catalog Historical Aviation Al bum PO Box 33 Temple City CA 91780 Bill Winter Stroker/Randolph Continued page 38 tray slide along mounting rails until airplane balances point plans glue spot aileron servo also mounted plywood tray glued -in balsa risers front back servo well wing Hook up linkages servos surfaces check proper movement elevator throw measured trail ing edge should about 3/ in direction rudder throw should about 1A Ailerons should own no Set transmitter trim tabs middle range control surfaces centered Range-check radio after everything installed Flying have never flown plane four-stroke engine before first flight will feel engine running fast enough fly airplane somewhat reluctant rotate Fear airplane will leap air fly just well 40-powered sport airplane can expect very groovy easyto-handle airplane little trim change required between upright verted flight loops almost same either direction difficult make Stroker snap slow speed both aileron rudder full deflection will control held will spinreluctantly Landings quite slow con trol through stall conventional gear handles just easily threewheeler really works well grass strips beauty four-stroke flying great sound fuel goes almost twice far Radio Technique/Myers Continued pa 41 alert possibility danger wary cat checks out neighborhood before makes move overconfident cat forgets check ends up dogmeat becomes part pavement Dont send cat-lover letters would emulate wary cat get yourself monitor learn use properly Perform some ground tests faced new unusual situa tion Find out what flying before fly Keep Sailplaneor expendable traineraround Send up test new systems test air turbulence wind shears RF interference etc before send up something expen sive dangerous important certain advantages letting other fellow fly first Use impound area insist others flying likewise En force frequency control means clothespins whatever Use frequency flags Frequency flags AMA con trol scheme cant denied insur ance charged fine put jail fail ing mount proper flag mounting wrong flag trans mitter can put out AMA activity including AMA club flying other hand dont depend frequency flags protect youl still too pastel flags around could anything Red Brown Orange rebels like own kind flag better Throw some crystal-swapping now legal module-swapping changing 140 Model Aviation handing line. complete line decals available model anywhere 6 NEW KILL MARKING SHEETS nsignia sheets also letters numbers e majordecals available popular 40-60 sizes plus Giant Scale American and~ 0 WW sizes believe major decals have comprehensive assortment available now sizes styles coming time pressure sensitive water transfer 00 DISTRIBUTORS INQUIRIES INVITED COITACT YOUR LOCAL HOBBY SHOP OR WRITE DIRECT Well bet line youll love being handed LETTERS AND DECALS NUMBERS COLOR 1-2-34-4 13/16F ~FflIFALCON-MC CAULEYFAHLIN IN 10 COLOR5E ILTON STANDARD PRESSURE SENSITIVE ndHARTZELL-PRATT & WHITNEY WATER TRANSFER dia thru 1/4 scale props NORTHEAST SCREEN GRAPHICS 21 FISHER AVE. EAST IONGMEADOW MA 01020 TEL 413-525-4110 Steve Helms904 478-6745 Al Featuring fast service qualified people latest equipment including SPECTRUM ANAL YZER AM FM SIGNAL GENERATOR Call Sam Leonard Tony Stiliman custom work competition needs stock complete hobby line specializing competition accessories discounted prices RADIO SOUTH- AUTHORIZED SERVICE CENTER FOR kruft Pro Line ie r- - bo JR 43 West Nine Mile Rd Pensacola FL 32514 * Futaba Distributor er Inquiries Welcome * correct flag ever correct first place have opportunity confusion Frequency flags accident looking place happen better nothing whole idea Red SRF flag page 128 Rule book cut down number frequency flag errors putting everything need right flag thereby making ridiculously easy mount proper information Due its distinctive size shape color colorblindness eliminated factors consideration Unfortunately cer tain AMA District VP seems unable understand problem Hes proba bly alone spite carryingon about uncertainties colors duplica tions colors numbers flags required difficulty learning understand ing 60 flags etc people prefer con tinuation old inefficient ways learning new better obvious thing Turn ON receiver before turn ON transmitE ng es/Ki sdo n k Continued page 45 Setting needle properly ground first step What really counts in-flight performance becomes somewhat difficult have depend sound also feel properly-tuned engine will slow down sag loops especially consecutive loops ex tended vertical maneuvers first sign sagging loss power retard throttle land open needle extended life service model engine prefer slightly rich nee dle setting can detect slight increase engine speed vertical maneu vers also allows model fly constant speed attitude ter may learn about someone channel interference before fly Dont fly before youve checked thing found 100o should Only birds ever have fly rest us can choose whether situation right flight Safe flight result planning checking testing beforehand get up start getting glitches throttle back land Weve seen far too experts crashed unnecessarily long after received first warning Sometimes glitches come ailerons have fluttered off servo arms have lost screws about jump off servo engines ready fall out rubberbands have failed cold about let wing go bye-bye hinges have pulled out similar disasters have nothing radios interferences Happy Landings George M Myers 70 Froehlich Farm Rd Hicksville NY 11801 Engine break-in olden days breaking-in model engine meant hooking up gallon fuel let ting run very rich several hours test stand end time probably nice piston-to-cylinder fit crank bushing well lapped connecting rod worn out Modern manufacturing technology re quires minimal break-in Piston/cylinder fits now controlled machining rather hand fitting lengthy wear-in Similarly cranks sup ported ball bearings now rule rather exception used carburetor-equipped engines rarely use test stand run-in engine anymore normal break-in procedure new engine usually done right airplane select propeller size smaller expect eventually use An example would 9-6 instead 10-6 11-6 instead 11-7 Whether reduction diameter pitch dependent will fly airplane best Open needle valve five six turns start engine about half throttle Let run three four minutes set ting gradually open throttle full point very slowly adjust needle valve progressively leaner ex act point four-cycle two-cycle transi tion back off quarter turn Check adjust idle point least acceptable should pointed out idle quality will improve after few flights final adjustments should made satisfied idle sufficient safely land airplane shut off engine refill fuel tank engine now ready in-flight break-in Dont think might just well get some flying breakingin engine sure beats watching engine run test stand Restart engine recheck both high-speed idle mixture settings doubt about high-speed setting run slightly rich Let takeoff full throttle once airplane safe comfortable altitude pull throttle back one-half three-quarters full full throttle will damage engine smaller prop will fully load should running slightly rich anyway Fly around like minute allowing engine cool itself go back full minute repeat cycle entire flight Repeat flight procedure cou ple flights gradually leaning out mixture until full power achieved After couple full-bore flights can fine-tune idle mixture April 1985 141
Edition: Model Aviation - 1985/04
Page Numbers: 40, 41, 140, 141
Radio Technique George M Myers REMEMBER radio frequency inter ference REI strikes warning results can catastrophic strikes people send letters phone calls over United States either because am chairman AMA Frequency Committee because write column Most com plaints about 1 Performance new radios poorer expected 2 Interference operations new RC channels Obviously part crease number complaints can explained fact number people using new radios new chan nels has increased didnt expect see such high percentage complaints about next item 3 Unexplained interferences between radios new RC channels Let deal order 1 Poor performance expect expensive complicated new RC system will work better old cheap simple better equals improved RET resistance Unfortunate ly price differential expen sive RC systems goes added control capability chrome plate Price usually has nothing RET resistance few cases price has got something REI resistance Kraft KPR-8FD Futaba DPM systems next complaint Its too expensive Perhaps What will next crash cost killer will occasionally spend extra money better perform ancethen crash anyway happens have sympathy personal experience KPR 8FD crystal-controlled system KPR-8FDS synthesizer has good reported few folks four know have reported troubles Kraft systems just mentioned three have reported troubles Futaba DPM small numbers complaints complaint repre sents real distress problem cant know have good bad system until fly crashing Thats rarely write about anything until Ive used few months like give some time bugs appear Testing hard work time some thing has gone through test programs know whether trust trust want around future use thing makes shudder guy appears field brand-new airplane engine RC system look equivalent hand grenade pin out manages get through first flight crashing usually hide car second flight electronic devices have infant mortality period Abrupt failures will occur frequency occur rance diminishes equipment ages So longer works well longer can expect work well first computer cost lot RC system died four hours sec ond lasted 16 hours machine have now has worked perfectly 18 months resist idea trading up something better because what have works expect will work long time wouldnt know what -F 50 FEET 1 MOVE STICKS 2 WATCH CONTROL SURFACES fl MOVE TOWARD PLANE 8 rff p Setup third-order intermodulatlon 31M testing Put piane ground receiver ON Waik out about 50 ft Hold trans mitter antenna paralici receiver antenna turn transmitter ON Verify control Have friend two stand between plane operating transmitters adjacent second-adjacent channels note fiags Have him/them walk toward plane hoiding transmitter antennas paraiiei airplane antenna Observe distance interference occurs Aver age-performing radios will glitch interfering transmitters halfway between plane Better-performing ones will interference-free until interfering transmitters closer airplane 40 Model Aviation expect new Ive told big-name computer manufacturer satisfied 33% failure rate during warranty period RC manufacturers lot better 2 Interference given 50 inter stitial channels FCC instead smaller number exclusive channels requested because known beginning FCC AMA some new RC channels might suffer interference given then-current state art AMA Phase-In Plan see Jack Albrechts explanation MA August 1984 pages 103 104 care fully designed avoid predictable modeler-to-modeler interferences among RC radio designs use time does future know art RC system design can improved eliminate some interferences AMA Phase-In Plan avoids thereby freeing additional channels Another reason FCCs decision expected some chan nels some locations would inter fered licensed Primary Users have covered subject length column can review Model Aviation issues dated July 1979 July October 1981 January April June July August 1982 May June July August September October 1983 February April May August September October 1984 January 1985 some background subject Incidently what other model magazine has given much factual data subject no possible way eliminate Primary User interferences AU can use channels suffer Secondary Users means denied right complain about inter ference properly-operating Primary Users course Primary Users operate improperly anyone can complain about factor seems common latest complaints New singleconversion FM sets being interfered old AM transmitters gave oversimplified explanation & Happens Radio Technique February 1984 wont end manufacturers cling old singleconversion 455 kHz IF superhetrodyne design new FM receivers long cling old AM trans mitters cases guy old AM set has advantage relative FM operators adjacent channels looms major problems solved implementing new RC channels Suppose everyone abandoned old AM sets rushed out buy new FM sets What would happen Based testing performed abroad would able operate FM sets simultaneously safely closerspaced channels would case AM sets would happen because possible operate FM sets four five kHz deviation AM sets need twice much bandwidth work properly However get advantages sets group FM narrow-band setslike excel lent Kraft KPR-8FD other hand stand point avoiding crashes might reason can better sticking AM set using widelyspaced channels Actually idea has merit AM have worry about ignition noise motor bikes corona discharge around power lines sunspots lightning flashes pocket pagers metal-to-metal clatter airplane etc Im being sarcastic FM will better AM get right enough people use meantime theres DPM digital pulsecode modulation such offered Futaba Actually modula tion FSK frequency shift keying proper name what call FM Confused DPM FM feeds information digital computer airplane receiver computer provides advantage DPM because can sort valid signals noise respond valid signals experience DPM resists interference better AM FM sets using old-style pulse-width modulation Jim Oddino RCM keeps talking about spread spectrum transmissions way avoid interference hope hes right someone makes work 3 Modeler- to-modeler interference sort interference common RC systems. d-order intermodula tion interference 31M happens time three sequentially-numbered RC channels operate simultaneously eg RC46 RC48 RC5O makes no dif ference whether AM FM DPM will interfere another What happens other two will gang up guy end string RC46 RC48 will hit RC5O RC5O RC48 will hit RC46 under certain conditions new channel free 31M RCl2 condition 31M interference appears time interfering pair transmitters gets halfway between third transmitter airplane con trolled Dual-conversion narrowband FM DCnbFM wont absolutely protect inter fering pair has lot closer airplane would case DCnbFM before interference will take effect would nice Good Fairy could wave magic wand over make interferences go away real life must learn live around interference Observe cat Notice always Continued page 140 April 1985 41 Some control glitches dont have anything radiol instance above fatigue cracks Helicopter flex plate caused some funnies could have blamed interference other failure below produced serious glitchthis 1/16-indiameter music wire Helicopter tail rotor drive system fatigued torsion Doug Pratt AMA HQ staff has hooked two major information services CompuServe Source few months maintaining informa tion sorts modeling stuff printing news bulletins running conferences answering electronics mail finds modelers dont know about AMA Anyone owns home computer subscribes either outfits can reach AMA through AMA address 700202 24 CompuServe ST6232 Source Right now Im year 2001or 2010 can reach oldfashioned way Pencil ball-point type writerIm fully equipped pre solid-state interpret anything Some names squiggles Perhaps writers should print Anyone ROGs Bill Winter 4432 Altura Ct Fairfax VA 22030 Book/Winter Continued page 25 ployed no staples issue has 193 se lected fine photos some 77 collected Clapp bible Fair childs purpose have waited years tell about Clapp coverage obtained example Matt found Col deVriesa retired Air Force officer expert Scale modeler writes column RCM dayscov ered Standard story Charles Days 1910 biplane Cicero Field Chicago through Hisso-powered Jenny lookalike J-1 J-1 better plane Jennie bedeviled WW different lousy engine Hisso J-1 proved much favored early barnstormers knew Charlie Day barnstormed Glenn L Martin babe arms Charlie produced Cur tiss Hawks China before during China-Japan war before WW II interviewed Charlie old Saturday Evening Post spent three solid weeks him old Lafayette Hotel lower Fifth Ave accompanied wife flown around world him biplane own design Charliewasa majorfigure laterduringWW II Martin-Marietta headed Ca nadian aircraft production deVries Matt tell show things enthrall also Vol 17 contains equally good cover age Cessna Bobcat Consolidated PBY-5A Catalina USAAF pilot train ing WW II superficial stuff PBY story example includes 57 photos three pages drawings plan view double-size fold-out sheet dont just recommend bookI hope foolish enough miss far underpriced $1000 can still get Vol 15 16 suggest send required 504 stamps coin Matts latest illus trated catalog Historical Aviation Al bum PO Box 33 Temple City CA 91780 Bill Winter Stroker/Randolph Continued page 38 tray slide along mounting rails until airplane balances point plans glue spot aileron servo also mounted plywood tray glued -in balsa risers front back servo well wing Hook up linkages servos surfaces check proper movement elevator throw measured trail ing edge should about 3/ in direction rudder throw should about 1A Ailerons should own no Set transmitter trim tabs middle range control surfaces centered Range-check radio after everything installed Flying have never flown plane four-stroke engine before first flight will feel engine running fast enough fly airplane somewhat reluctant rotate Fear airplane will leap air fly just well 40-powered sport airplane can expect very groovy easyto-handle airplane little trim change required between upright verted flight loops almost same either direction difficult make Stroker snap slow speed both aileron rudder full deflection will control held will spinreluctantly Landings quite slow con trol through stall conventional gear handles just easily threewheeler really works well grass strips beauty four-stroke flying great sound fuel goes almost twice far Radio Technique/Myers Continued pa 41 alert possibility danger wary cat checks out neighborhood before makes move overconfident cat forgets check ends up dogmeat becomes part pavement Dont send cat-lover letters would emulate wary cat get yourself monitor learn use properly Perform some ground tests faced new unusual situa tion Find out what flying before fly Keep Sailplaneor expendable traineraround Send up test new systems test air turbulence wind shears RF interference etc before send up something expen sive dangerous important certain advantages letting other fellow fly first Use impound area insist others flying likewise En force frequency control means clothespins whatever Use frequency flags Frequency flags AMA con trol scheme cant denied insur ance charged fine put jail fail ing mount proper flag mounting wrong flag trans mitter can put out AMA activity including AMA club flying other hand dont depend frequency flags protect youl still too pastel flags around could anything Red Brown Orange rebels like own kind flag better Throw some crystal-swapping now legal module-swapping changing 140 Model Aviation handing line. complete line decals available model anywhere 6 NEW KILL MARKING SHEETS nsignia sheets also letters numbers e majordecals available popular 40-60 sizes plus Giant Scale American and~ 0 WW sizes believe major decals have comprehensive assortment available now sizes styles coming time pressure sensitive water transfer 00 DISTRIBUTORS INQUIRIES INVITED COITACT YOUR LOCAL HOBBY SHOP OR WRITE DIRECT Well bet line youll love being handed LETTERS AND DECALS NUMBERS COLOR 1-2-34-4 13/16F ~FflIFALCON-MC CAULEYFAHLIN IN 10 COLOR5E ILTON STANDARD PRESSURE SENSITIVE ndHARTZELL-PRATT & WHITNEY WATER TRANSFER dia thru 1/4 scale props NORTHEAST SCREEN GRAPHICS 21 FISHER AVE. EAST IONGMEADOW MA 01020 TEL 413-525-4110 Steve Helms904 478-6745 Al Featuring fast service qualified people latest equipment including SPECTRUM ANAL YZER AM FM SIGNAL GENERATOR Call Sam Leonard Tony Stiliman custom work competition needs stock complete hobby line specializing competition accessories discounted prices RADIO SOUTH- AUTHORIZED SERVICE CENTER FOR kruft Pro Line ie r- - bo JR 43 West Nine Mile Rd Pensacola FL 32514 * Futaba Distributor er Inquiries Welcome * correct flag ever correct first place have opportunity confusion Frequency flags accident looking place happen better nothing whole idea Red SRF flag page 128 Rule book cut down number frequency flag errors putting everything need right flag thereby making ridiculously easy mount proper information Due its distinctive size shape color colorblindness eliminated factors consideration Unfortunately cer tain AMA District VP seems unable understand problem Hes proba bly alone spite carryingon about uncertainties colors duplica tions colors numbers flags required difficulty learning understand ing 60 flags etc people prefer con tinuation old inefficient ways learning new better obvious thing Turn ON receiver before turn ON transmitE ng es/Ki sdo n k Continued page 45 Setting needle properly ground first step What really counts in-flight performance becomes somewhat difficult have depend sound also feel properly-tuned engine will slow down sag loops especially consecutive loops ex tended vertical maneuvers first sign sagging loss power retard throttle land open needle extended life service model engine prefer slightly rich nee dle setting can detect slight increase engine speed vertical maneu vers also allows model fly constant speed attitude ter may learn about someone channel interference before fly Dont fly before youve checked thing found 100o should Only birds ever have fly rest us can choose whether situation right flight Safe flight result planning checking testing beforehand get up start getting glitches throttle back land Weve seen far too experts crashed unnecessarily long after received first warning Sometimes glitches come ailerons have fluttered off servo arms have lost screws about jump off servo engines ready fall out rubberbands have failed cold about let wing go bye-bye hinges have pulled out similar disasters have nothing radios interferences Happy Landings George M Myers 70 Froehlich Farm Rd Hicksville NY 11801 Engine break-in olden days breaking-in model engine meant hooking up gallon fuel let ting run very rich several hours test stand end time probably nice piston-to-cylinder fit crank bushing well lapped connecting rod worn out Modern manufacturing technology re quires minimal break-in Piston/cylinder fits now controlled machining rather hand fitting lengthy wear-in Similarly cranks sup ported ball bearings now rule rather exception used carburetor-equipped engines rarely use test stand run-in engine anymore normal break-in procedure new engine usually done right airplane select propeller size smaller expect eventually use An example would 9-6 instead 10-6 11-6 instead 11-7 Whether reduction diameter pitch dependent will fly airplane best Open needle valve five six turns start engine about half throttle Let run three four minutes set ting gradually open throttle full point very slowly adjust needle valve progressively leaner ex act point four-cycle two-cycle transi tion back off quarter turn Check adjust idle point least acceptable should pointed out idle quality will improve after few flights final adjustments should made satisfied idle sufficient safely land airplane shut off engine refill fuel tank engine now ready in-flight break-in Dont think might just well get some flying breakingin engine sure beats watching engine run test stand Restart engine recheck both high-speed idle mixture settings doubt about high-speed setting run slightly rich Let takeoff full throttle once airplane safe comfortable altitude pull throttle back one-half three-quarters full full throttle will damage engine smaller prop will fully load should running slightly rich anyway Fly around like minute allowing engine cool itself go back full minute repeat cycle entire flight Repeat flight procedure cou ple flights gradually leaning out mixture until full power achieved After couple full-bore flights can fine-tune idle mixture April 1985 141