Rudderbug Days in the UK

the U Trevor Waters GA ys Frank Van den Burg original Sky Dancer Thats Orbit eight-channel reed transmitter behind models nose April 1999 63 Ruo DERBO Early Radio Control Great Britain Photos courtesy author Graphic Design Jill Ann Cavanaugh Top left ED 246cc diesel Top right AM15 15cc diesel used single-channel model Frog 500 used Rudderbug lower right Reading article Rudder Bug Super Bug March 1998 issue took mind back 40 years built first Radio Control model Mine built original Walt Good plan powered Frog 500 5cc glow engine radio system hand-held valve transmitter single pushbutton control ECC 95 lB single-valve receiver operating rubber-powered escapement rudder receiver very touchy set up two dust iron cored slugs variable inductors needed trimming small nonmetallic screwdriver trip flying field An assistant would walk away transmitter operating pushbutton Leftcentrerightcentre would go escapement slugs would get twiddled until acceptable range achieved also variable resistor potentiometer series receiver hightension supply used adjust relay switched optimum current achieve reliable operation given small change anode current taken valve receiver between transmitter off milliamp meter plugged side fuselage allow done After adjustments completed meter unplugged shorting plug inserted its place receiver used 675-volt high-tension battery 15-volt low-tension battery power filament valve plus 45volt battery escapement primary batteries Small rechargeable batteries still future radio difficult set up unreliable rubber-driven escapement also problem would usually work reasonably well before engine started rubber would completely partially unwind detent bounced past stops because vibration Early RC flying single-valve receiver used Rudder Bug superregenerative detector type receiver has poor selectivity possible model flown time did matter much reliability equipment 64 Model Aviation Brown starts engine Orion favourite time model owner Dave Walker right Frank Van den Burg center look Author left rear Trevor Waters age 17 showing radio access door side Rudder Bug fuselage Single-valve receiver Frog 500 5cc glow engine time everybody else would happy watch brave flier have go rest modellers present would cluster around trunk car appeared model seriously being prepared flight problems deal little effort put model design early days basic Free Flight designs norm larger sport-type Free Flight models generous wing area high-liftcoefficient wing sections considered desirable feature allowed heavy radio equipment pulled around sky low-powered engines time problem using models Radio Control wind penetration anything gentle breeze flight turned constant battle stop model being lost downwind simple bang-bang escapement giving sequential leftcentreright centre difficult fly smoothly no throttle elevator control pilot felt powerless prevent model climbing continuously wind sometimes until almost out sight concentration required such pilots sometimes folded under stress model turned away wind distance lost complete 3600 turn often too great allow ground made up lead panic common see flier running downwind hopelessly trying regain control model praying would run out fuel time see landed burden carrying early ground-based transmitters over through hedges fences took much joy out hobby Now can make anything ultra small Indoor RC models up 45% Extra 300s huge four-engine B29s now can choose among helicopters Electric models ducted fans real turbojets worth remembering early days type aircraft basically Free Flight model pilot attempting influence its flight direction best could Let us go back once again unhappy modeller staggering downwind heavy transmitter see things started improve Tuned Reed Flying Early multichannel equipment using tuned reeds available April 1999 65 Authors Junior 60 homemade reed equipment Model used modified ED 246cc diesel twin butterfly throttle shown photo previous page author still 1k-scale Norman Islander powered two Saito 65s Features own-design throttle fail-safe Easy tlectrfrll Ready flywwwcermarIcom 20 mm New 9eneration * Innovative * Imaginative * Easy travel * Easy assemble * Best Easy Fly Motor Mabuchi 550 Prop 8 x 45Battery 72 V/Sub-C Radio 2 3 chWing Span 72 Length 40 inWeight 48 oz Wing Area 622 s Replacement parts available box field record time Easy Electro-72 excellent Sunday flyer novice can easily handle help instructor Easy assembly Good assembly booklet Good fltght charactertatics Replacement parts available -MANeiss 8-98 Robert Van Tassel lime check ee gone now plane completed ABS fuselage tough Yes like plane lot -EAepert 9-97- Greg Gimlick Cermarks Easy Electro-72 excellent glider beginner advanced flyer Interested frying out electric flight -S&Jlfee 8/998 Steve Sharpe Factory Installed 2 x Servos Now available local hobby shop call us number below about same time struggling Rudder Bug ED sold three-reed set could used select left right rudder plus sequential engine control Later brought out six-reed set receiver equipment used three valves RF detector audio amplifier reed bank driver transmitter built inside box about foot cube eight-foot-long antenna very large heavy 120-volt battery inside called Eveready Winner plus 15-volt battery valve filaments unit stood ground understandably separate control box connecting cable used Much equipment use time homemade some knowledge electronics essential success produced own tuned reed system using ED circuitry Howard Bonner came Woburn Abbey stately home estate England demonstrate Smog Hog came shock source inspiration us present see outside loops rolls being performed Radio Control model Later equipment became available UK Smog Hogs Astro Hogs appeared scene being flown much same way However style flying really available plenty spare money real terms cost such equipment similar turbojet engine today Rudder-only flying remained practical option others original Orbit Radio Control equipment used eight-channel reed bank miniature relay channel operate rudder elevator ailerons throttle aerobatics considered best trim model left alone would enter steepening dive until impact ground operation pilot would have continually blip up elevator prevent flying inverted down elevator would blipped setup could tricky early flights until model trimmed particularly continually corrected roll same time Later equipment ten-reed banks extra two channels being used operate separate elevator trim servo enabled model trimmed level flight Another refinement introduction simultaneous control twin oscillators transmitter outputs could mixed allow certain combinations two controls example aileron elevator selected same time combination well-prepared model good pilot using type equipment produced product would look out-of-place flying field today Top pilots could blip controls speed produced almost proportional control quality blipping could become fetish sometimes control corrections could observed unnecessary Indeed instinct became strong reed fliers continued blip after changed proportional equipment Servos Rubber-driven escapements able operate rudder good day lacked power operate elevators Early types motorised servos tended unreliable time George Honnest-Redlich Sid Allen leading pack UK around 1955 favoured actuator using twin solenoids operating bellerank rudder control type actuator preferred its simplicity reliability Control other functions remained problem until Bonner servos became available widely used type Duramite first versions interfaced relays receiver hut later types called Transmites included drive circuitry using early transistors interfaced directly reed bank dispensing need relays receiver Because cost commercial equipment UK some modellers made own servos author sometimes used simple actuator based Mighty Midget motor rubber band centering provided crude proportional control direction * * Long Engine Life * * Use BRU LINE Air Cleaner Completely Fuel Proof Nylon Rubber Parts Cat No 102 Air Cleaner Coarse $299 Cat No 202 Air Cleaner Fine $299 Replacement Inserts Cat No 104 Pk/2 Inserts Coarse $239 Cat No 204 PkI2 Inserts Fine $239 FITS MOST ENGINES 25and UP SEE YOUR LOCAL HOBBY DEALER IF UNAVAILABLE LOCALLY SEND TO Bru Line Industries Inc o Box3786 Career Line Michigan 48015 lAdd $2 50 sh pp ng M ch gan esidents add 4% sales taxi 66 Model Aviation EDWARD AVE FULLERTON CA 92833 Jnfo714 680-5888 Fax714 680-5880 DEALERS INQUIRIES WELCOME current through continuously quickly reversed varying mark space ratio Engines There severe constraints choice engines available early days Although Dooling 61 McCoy 60 no throttle control mainly used Control Line Speed Radio Control modellers UK usually settled less-ambitious tamer power plants ED Hunter 346cc diesel favourite No silencer much easier handle acceptable noise output first difficult obtain engines fitted means controlling power output began appear some used choke others exhaust restrictor possible get ED engines modified twin butterfly valve sufficiently free operation operated rubber-driven escapement required still have ED 246 diesel fitted way Junior 60 trouble engine after long tickover would miss badly throttle opened until heated up glow plug engines fitted barrel carburetors became available proper control obtained Model Design High-camber wing sections suffer considerable backward movement centre pressure increasing speed avoid risk tailplane losing control speed builds up dive model tucking under powerful tailplane stabilising down force combined forward centre gravity position called original Rudder Bug tailplane set approximately 3I/20 setup model basically single-speed down force tail balancing nose-down pitching moment caused forward centre gravity limited power available engines time resulted reasonable angle climb under power very good glide after engine cut Given calm day plus reliable rudder throttle control such model would provide wonderful relaxed flying today advantage having proportional elevator control probably difficult appreciate have make original Rudder Bug made today typical 40size engine running full throttle rate climb would such model would almost unmanageable rudder-only control Throttle control would turn perfectly acceptable model calm conditions fully proportional elevator control would allow some penetration windy days trouble proportional elevator control option early days Bang-bang elevator control little use model would simply bounce up climb after down elevator returned neutral Elevator trim found much better required reed equipment leadscrew servo Some single-channel users tried another escapement activated rudder escapement paused two neutral positions required rudder escapement could blipped past other neutral position method control hopeless selfcentering elevator could used select fixed elevator trim position flying wind allow models able penetrate wind better something done increase speed range way forward use wing sections much lower camber allowed centre gravity moved back longitudinal dihedral reduced because reduced change centre lift position needed done carefully small stages no proper elevator control possible consequences could disastrous Given care however much-moreexciting model could achieved would climb steadily straight line could made fly level wide turn dive pick up speed tighter turn practice could arranged 4s superior performance hIghest powez-to4veight ratio industry Also owUabir TOC 37% Extra 300L 40% G-202 33% Laser 2001 New line ARFs sizes & styles Call prices & info Designers TOC Winning Aircmft pruviun urniHlitcu arrunatic rv ii weight 30 pounds prnce bravmam,5 1~3U3 3664205 Try EDGE today wont disappointedwwwaerosportscom/aeroworks Introducing 30 Wingp Laser Cut Rubber Powered Flying Models Kit #301 Over 80 LASER CUT PARTS Kit #303 Over 75 LASER CUT PARTS good thing just got bigger expanding line airplanes addition new 30 wingspan laser cut kits Like walnut series line geared toward exciting subject matter captures best model aviation has offer Besides offering cleanest laser cuts comprehensive plans free flight kit provide following quality features Hand Selected Balsa Color Peel & Stick Decal Set 9 Plastic Propeller Full Size Plan FAI Thn II Rubber Step Step Instructions Vacuum Molded Parts Light Weight Colored Tissue Call today 1-800-458-2828 Ext 800 ask information packet Dumas line Rubber Powered Flying Models aircraft DUMAS PRODUCTS INC 9O9AMA E 17th St Tucson AZ 85719 Phone 520-623-3742 Fax 520-620-1329 E-MAIL dumas@azstametcom April 1999 67 Kit #302 Over 70 LASER CUT PARTS UNI KU] JELLU1Ik F IALISTS IN COX AND AME ENGINES & CUSTOM PARTS OLD TIMER KITS & SUPPLIES COILS CONDENSERS PLUGS SILK QUALITY DOPE BRUSHES TRANSISTOR IGNITION SYSTEMS 112A TEXACO PLAYBOY SR KIT result fast sweeping flyby rudder author designed rudder-only model simple proportional servo performed described above based layout suggested Harold de Bolt included article Aeromodeller Annual 1954-55 four-foot wingspan semisymmetrical wing symmetrical tailplane lightweight open structure powered AMl5 British 15 cc diesel Model design later generation reed equipment moved rapidly toward what use today examples models today design has gone backward since modern designs use veneer-covered foam wings either fibreglass fuselage large areas fairly thick sheeting often reinforced substantial areas plywood am sometimes staggered heavy some models no need beefing up Models should designed fly crash recently built Chris Olsen Uproar designed 1961 fitted out modern equipment OS 46 engine model featured fully symmetrical wing tailplane surfaces built-up open structure nylon covering Total weight five pounds three ounces wing loading 155 ounces per square foot low weight originally needed allow reasonable performance obtained low-power engines heavy RC equipment no real requirement move away method construction basic model type except perhaps reduce building time older designs similar construction would make fine models today modern engines equipment still see kits Astro Hog advertised favourite time Orion Radio Control greatest changes design Radio Control equipment came about result invention transistor Early transistors unity gain around megaHertz could used RF stages brought about transistorised receiver still used valve super-regenerative detector transistors amplify audio tone modulation used switch relay design provided huge increase reliability compared earlier single valve receivers no longer requirement fine-tune quench field same basic design could also used drive reed bank 225-volt high tension battery could used type receiver instead 45 volts 68 Model Aviation er & Engine Power Free Flight Display Control Line Electric Power R/C Airplanes Penn Valley Hobby Center 837-A W Main St Lansdale PA 19446 215-368-0770 RACINU WHEELS SOLID LINES CUSTOM NEEDLE VALVES PH 760-761-0511 FAX 761-0937 VISA IMC WELCOME NO COD MINIMUM ORDER $1000 PLUS $300 SHIPPING INSURANCE $200 675 volts transistors available could produce useful gain 27MHz receivers could operated five nine volts cost good-quality reed equipment limitations singlechannel radio using escapements tead modellers experiment own equipment never liked escapements mentioned changed electric motor single-stage gear known mighty midget gear forced central position rubber band supply voltage switched direction other receiver relay output provide full left right Blipping switch would produce primitive form proportional control mark-to-space ratio changed blipping could done hand using microswitch transistor multivibrator circuits could provide automatically control knob Some experimenters invented sorts strange devices involving rotating cotton reels specially shaped copper covering contact moved control stick famous galloping ghost development also provided effective elevator control variation pulse rate Proportional Control reeds height popularity realised fully proportional control ultimate goal Crude systems like discussed above used experimenters two channels development full house proportional outfit took long time usually based independent variation frequency mark/space ratio Walt Good design type quite early days servos based balancing voltage input voltage derived position feedback pot difficult provide sufficient filtering receiver outputs achieve smooth DC control voltage slugging response time excessively also suffered unwanted thrashing about switch major breakthrough idea using servo produced pulse two millisecond duration response pulse similar duration receiver servo would strive cancel difference between two pulse widths system advantage servo would attempt move until received pulse behaved itself switch provided fast response called greatly simplified receiver design needed way decoding simple shift register sort Out time multiplexed pulses onto correct outputs frame detector reset Shift registers integratedcircuit form became available about right time spinoff defence investment US government problem packaging far-from-trivial amount electronics servos acceptable size Some manufacturers solved putting electronics servos inside receiver resulted very large receiver ultimate solution employ custom-built integrated circuit inside servo UK Skyleader used 2N409 chip made Ferranti solved problem England probably Futaba M Series first brought Radio Control masses club memberships grew people able take part hobby Apart obvious advantage having blip controls anymore proportional control provided huge bonus models could now 70 Model Aviation E R VANES Build Great Fighter Wind Vanes Yard Field 24 Inch Wing Span Color Pics Plan Info Send $200 emea MODEL SUPPLY EXPANDED CATALOG POLYSPAN AIRSPAN LITESPAN STARSPAN MYLAR TEXAS TIMERS FAITAN II RUBBER 1/113/ II 1 II 3 II 1 II /4116 k R2 A6 042 THICK 1 lb box $18 UPS delivered US 10 lb box $135n UPS delivered Made USA. PA res add 6% sales tax KSB fuel timers $19 DT $1900 electric lighters $6 Front ends winders stooges Books Czech P30 props Slick Lube CROCKETT hooks huge bunch great FF kitsZONA SAWS Catalog FAJ Model Supply $200 Box 366 Sayre PA 18840-0366 Phone/Fax 717-882-9873 SANYO BATTERY PACKS Receiver & Transmitter Packs Ni-Cds Ni-MH Acid TNR Technical Inc Irvine CA800-490-8418 Sanford FL800-346-0601 PUT ON SOME AIRS Sport-Airs Train-Airs PO Box 208 Methuen MA 01844 phone 978 686-0319 Internet wwwnortheastaerodynamicscom Visa Mastercard Welcome Gall write full line catalog trimmed flight using trim levers control sticks now taken granted hitherto confined mechanical adjustment control surfaces unless extra servo used elevator trim having land time make change Type Modulation Dreaded Glitch old equipment used Amplitude Modulation AM method detects changes signal amplitude intended contain information interest reality demodulated signal can include signals other users frequency noise multipath interference Multipath interference caused transmitted signal bounces off some object arrives receiver some time after direct-path signal effect produces depends relative phase two signals can either increase decrease signal amplitude As model moves conditions change reinforcement-andcancellation process becomes cyclic thus producing signal interferes true effect has will depend relative amplitude interference threshold set input decoder crashes so-called glitches time really excuses pilot error probably caused multipath interference FM Frequency Modulation received signal clamped level receiver recovers original signal systematic changes frequency introduced transmitter Multipathing has no effect type equipment amplitude changes lost amplitude-clamping process Interference other users frequency like flier nearby club dont have much effect FM equipment FM receivers effectively grab strongest signal ignore others has shown FM receiver will pay no attention interference provided power level no approximately er signal After reading will probably surprised learn am still flying Radio Control models today advances have made truly staggering Although cannot claim have very beginning Radio Control have seen important changes since around 1955 have found fascinating observe some extent take part progress or Waters 6 Crescent Dr Petts Wood Kent BRS ]BD United Kingdom WEVE PERFECTED THE TWO MOST CRITICAL PARTS IN ANY MODEL AIRPLANE PARTA PART B aerospace industry has relied epoxies over 20 years Now weve developed perfect adhesive planes fly Anchor Bond has lowest viscosity market its lighter offers better penetration other brands because its Mercaptan-free theres no degradation foul odors Unique pump bottles ensure less waste greater accuracy too complete selection CAs fillers reinforcing materials well RTV flj 1 U fl fl M ld Maktng Silicone need use anything else Anchor BondEUEu —EU 16 Riverside Avenue Danvers MA 01923 3281 Technical Assistance two-part epoxy thats 100% better order Call 800 6695217 call 978 774-5217 product Anchor Seal Inc wwwanchorsealcom 72 Model Aviation -tm qu - $6195 $7795

the U Trevor Waters GA ys Frank Van den Burg original Sky Dancer Thats Orbit eight-channel reed transmitter behind models nose April 1999 63 Ruo DERBO Early Radio Control Great Britain Photos courtesy author Graphic Design Jill Ann Cavanaugh Top left ED 246cc diesel Top right AM15 15cc diesel used single-channel model Frog 500 used Rudderbug lower right Reading article Rudder Bug Super Bug March 1998 issue took mind back 40 years built first Radio Control model Mine built original Walt Good plan powered Frog 500 5cc glow engine radio system hand-held valve transmitter single pushbutton control ECC 95 lB single-valve receiver operating rubber-powered escapement rudder receiver very touchy set up two dust iron cored slugs variable inductors needed trimming small nonmetallic screwdriver trip flying field An assistant would walk away transmitter operating pushbutton Leftcentrerightcentre would go escapement slugs would get twiddled until acceptable range achieved also variable resistor potentiometer series receiver hightension supply used adjust relay switched optimum current achieve reliable operation given small change anode current taken valve receiver between transmitter off milliamp meter plugged side fuselage allow done After adjustments completed meter unplugged shorting plug inserted its place receiver used 675-volt high-tension battery 15-volt low-tension battery power filament valve plus 45volt battery escapement primary batteries Small rechargeable batteries still future radio difficult set up unreliable rubber-driven escapement also problem would usually work reasonably well before engine started rubber would completely partially unwind detent bounced past stops because vibration Early RC flying single-valve receiver used Rudder Bug superregenerative detector type receiver has poor selectivity possible model flown time did matter much reliability equipment 64 Model Aviation Brown starts engine Orion favourite time model owner Dave Walker right Frank Van den Burg center look Author left rear Trevor Waters age 17 showing radio access door side Rudder Bug fuselage Single-valve receiver Frog 500 5cc glow engine time everybody else would happy watch brave flier have go rest modellers present would cluster around trunk car appeared model seriously being prepared flight problems deal little effort put model design early days basic Free Flight designs norm larger sport-type Free Flight models generous wing area high-liftcoefficient wing sections considered desirable feature allowed heavy radio equipment pulled around sky low-powered engines time problem using models Radio Control wind penetration anything gentle breeze flight turned constant battle stop model being lost downwind simple bang-bang escapement giving sequential leftcentreright centre difficult fly smoothly no throttle elevator control pilot felt powerless prevent model climbing continuously wind sometimes until almost out sight concentration required such pilots sometimes folded under stress model turned away wind distance lost complete 3600 turn often too great allow ground made up lead panic common see flier running downwind hopelessly trying regain control model praying would run out fuel time see landed burden carrying early ground-based transmitters over through hedges fences took much joy out hobby Now can make anything ultra small Indoor RC models up 45% Extra 300s huge four-engine B29s now can choose among helicopters Electric models ducted fans real turbojets worth remembering early days type aircraft basically Free Flight model pilot attempting influence its flight direction best could Let us go back once again unhappy modeller staggering downwind heavy transmitter see things started improve Tuned Reed Flying Early multichannel equipment using tuned reeds available April 1999 65 Authors Junior 60 homemade reed equipment Model used modified ED 246cc diesel twin butterfly throttle shown photo previous page author still 1k-scale Norman Islander powered two Saito 65s Features own-design throttle fail-safe Easy tlectrfrll Ready flywwwcermarIcom 20 mm New 9eneration * Innovative * Imaginative * Easy travel * Easy assemble * Best Easy Fly Motor Mabuchi 550 Prop 8 x 45Battery 72 V/Sub-C Radio 2 3 chWing Span 72 Length 40 inWeight 48 oz Wing Area 622 s Replacement parts available box field record time Easy Electro-72 excellent Sunday flyer novice can easily handle help instructor Easy assembly Good assembly booklet Good fltght charactertatics Replacement parts available -MANeiss 8-98 Robert Van Tassel lime check ee gone now plane completed ABS fuselage tough Yes like plane lot -EAepert 9-97- Greg Gimlick Cermarks Easy Electro-72 excellent glider beginner advanced flyer Interested frying out electric flight -S&Jlfee 8/998 Steve Sharpe Factory Installed 2 x Servos Now available local hobby shop call us number below about same time struggling Rudder Bug ED sold three-reed set could used select left right rudder plus sequential engine control Later brought out six-reed set receiver equipment used three valves RF detector audio amplifier reed bank driver transmitter built inside box about foot cube eight-foot-long antenna very large heavy 120-volt battery inside called Eveready Winner plus 15-volt battery valve filaments unit stood ground understandably separate control box connecting cable used Much equipment use time homemade some knowledge electronics essential success produced own tuned reed system using ED circuitry Howard Bonner came Woburn Abbey stately home estate England demonstrate Smog Hog came shock source inspiration us present see outside loops rolls being performed Radio Control model Later equipment became available UK Smog Hogs Astro Hogs appeared scene being flown much same way However style flying really available plenty spare money real terms cost such equipment similar turbojet engine today Rudder-only flying remained practical option others original Orbit Radio Control equipment used eight-channel reed bank miniature relay channel operate rudder elevator ailerons throttle aerobatics considered best trim model left alone would enter steepening dive until impact ground operation pilot would have continually blip up elevator prevent flying inverted down elevator would blipped setup could tricky early flights until model trimmed particularly continually corrected roll same time Later equipment ten-reed banks extra two channels being used operate separate elevator trim servo enabled model trimmed level flight Another refinement introduction simultaneous control twin oscillators transmitter outputs could mixed allow certain combinations two controls example aileron elevator selected same time combination well-prepared model good pilot using type equipment produced product would look out-of-place flying field today Top pilots could blip controls speed produced almost proportional control quality blipping could become fetish sometimes control corrections could observed unnecessary Indeed instinct became strong reed fliers continued blip after changed proportional equipment Servos Rubber-driven escapements able operate rudder good day lacked power operate elevators Early types motorised servos tended unreliable time George Honnest-Redlich Sid Allen leading pack UK around 1955 favoured actuator using twin solenoids operating bellerank rudder control type actuator preferred its simplicity reliability Control other functions remained problem until Bonner servos became available widely used type Duramite first versions interfaced relays receiver hut later types called Transmites included drive circuitry using early transistors interfaced directly reed bank dispensing need relays receiver Because cost commercial equipment UK some modellers made own servos author sometimes used simple actuator based Mighty Midget motor rubber band centering provided crude proportional control direction * * Long Engine Life * * Use BRU LINE Air Cleaner Completely Fuel Proof Nylon Rubber Parts Cat No 102 Air Cleaner Coarse $299 Cat No 202 Air Cleaner Fine $299 Replacement Inserts Cat No 104 Pk/2 Inserts Coarse $239 Cat No 204 PkI2 Inserts Fine $239 FITS MOST ENGINES 25and UP SEE YOUR LOCAL HOBBY DEALER IF UNAVAILABLE LOCALLY SEND TO Bru Line Industries Inc o Box3786 Career Line Michigan 48015 lAdd $2 50 sh pp ng M ch gan esidents add 4% sales taxi 66 Model Aviation EDWARD AVE FULLERTON CA 92833 Jnfo714 680-5888 Fax714 680-5880 DEALERS INQUIRIES WELCOME current through continuously quickly reversed varying mark space ratio Engines There severe constraints choice engines available early days Although Dooling 61 McCoy 60 no throttle control mainly used Control Line Speed Radio Control modellers UK usually settled less-ambitious tamer power plants ED Hunter 346cc diesel favourite No silencer much easier handle acceptable noise output first difficult obtain engines fitted means controlling power output began appear some used choke others exhaust restrictor possible get ED engines modified twin butterfly valve sufficiently free operation operated rubber-driven escapement required still have ED 246 diesel fitted way Junior 60 trouble engine after long tickover would miss badly throttle opened until heated up glow plug engines fitted barrel carburetors became available proper control obtained Model Design High-camber wing sections suffer considerable backward movement centre pressure increasing speed avoid risk tailplane losing control speed builds up dive model tucking under powerful tailplane stabilising down force combined forward centre gravity position called original Rudder Bug tailplane set approximately 3I/20 setup model basically single-speed down force tail balancing nose-down pitching moment caused forward centre gravity limited power available engines time resulted reasonable angle climb under power very good glide after engine cut Given calm day plus reliable rudder throttle control such model would provide wonderful relaxed flying today advantage having proportional elevator control probably difficult appreciate have make original Rudder Bug made today typical 40size engine running full throttle rate climb would such model would almost unmanageable rudder-only control Throttle control would turn perfectly acceptable model calm conditions fully proportional elevator control would allow some penetration windy days trouble proportional elevator control option early days Bang-bang elevator control little use model would simply bounce up climb after down elevator returned neutral Elevator trim found much better required reed equipment leadscrew servo Some single-channel users tried another escapement activated rudder escapement paused two neutral positions required rudder escapement could blipped past other neutral position method control hopeless selfcentering elevator could used select fixed elevator trim position flying wind allow models able penetrate wind better something done increase speed range way forward use wing sections much lower camber allowed centre gravity moved back longitudinal dihedral reduced because reduced change centre lift position needed done carefully small stages no proper elevator control possible consequences could disastrous Given care however much-moreexciting model could achieved would climb steadily straight line could made fly level wide turn dive pick up speed tighter turn practice could arranged 4s superior performance hIghest powez-to4veight ratio industry Also owUabir TOC 37% Extra 300L 40% G-202 33% Laser 2001 New line ARFs sizes & styles Call prices & info Designers TOC Winning Aircmft pruviun urniHlitcu arrunatic rv ii weight 30 pounds prnce bravmam,5 1~3U3 3664205 Try EDGE today wont disappointedwwwaerosportscom/aeroworks Introducing 30 Wingp Laser Cut Rubber Powered Flying Models Kit #301 Over 80 LASER CUT PARTS Kit #303 Over 75 LASER CUT PARTS good thing just got bigger expanding line airplanes addition new 30 wingspan laser cut kits Like walnut series line geared toward exciting subject matter captures best model aviation has offer Besides offering cleanest laser cuts comprehensive plans free flight kit provide following quality features Hand Selected Balsa Color Peel & Stick Decal Set 9 Plastic Propeller Full Size Plan FAI Thn II Rubber Step Step Instructions Vacuum Molded Parts Light Weight Colored Tissue Call today 1-800-458-2828 Ext 800 ask information packet Dumas line Rubber Powered Flying Models aircraft DUMAS PRODUCTS INC 9O9AMA E 17th St Tucson AZ 85719 Phone 520-623-3742 Fax 520-620-1329 E-MAIL dumas@azstametcom April 1999 67 Kit #302 Over 70 LASER CUT PARTS UNI KU] JELLU1Ik F IALISTS IN COX AND AME ENGINES & CUSTOM PARTS OLD TIMER KITS & SUPPLIES COILS CONDENSERS PLUGS SILK QUALITY DOPE BRUSHES TRANSISTOR IGNITION SYSTEMS 112A TEXACO PLAYBOY SR KIT result fast sweeping flyby rudder author designed rudder-only model simple proportional servo performed described above based layout suggested Harold de Bolt included article Aeromodeller Annual 1954-55 four-foot wingspan semisymmetrical wing symmetrical tailplane lightweight open structure powered AMl5 British 15 cc diesel Model design later generation reed equipment moved rapidly toward what use today examples models today design has gone backward since modern designs use veneer-covered foam wings either fibreglass fuselage large areas fairly thick sheeting often reinforced substantial areas plywood am sometimes staggered heavy some models no need beefing up Models should designed fly crash recently built Chris Olsen Uproar designed 1961 fitted out modern equipment OS 46 engine model featured fully symmetrical wing tailplane surfaces built-up open structure nylon covering Total weight five pounds three ounces wing loading 155 ounces per square foot low weight originally needed allow reasonable performance obtained low-power engines heavy RC equipment no real requirement move away method construction basic model type except perhaps reduce building time older designs similar construction would make fine models today modern engines equipment still see kits Astro Hog advertised favourite time Orion Radio Control greatest changes design Radio Control equipment came about result invention transistor Early transistors unity gain around megaHertz could used RF stages brought about transistorised receiver still used valve super-regenerative detector transistors amplify audio tone modulation used switch relay design provided huge increase reliability compared earlier single valve receivers no longer requirement fine-tune quench field same basic design could also used drive reed bank 225-volt high tension battery could used type receiver instead 45 volts 68 Model Aviation er & Engine Power Free Flight Display Control Line Electric Power R/C Airplanes Penn Valley Hobby Center 837-A W Main St Lansdale PA 19446 215-368-0770 RACINU WHEELS SOLID LINES CUSTOM NEEDLE VALVES PH 760-761-0511 FAX 761-0937 VISA IMC WELCOME NO COD MINIMUM ORDER $1000 PLUS $300 SHIPPING INSURANCE $200 675 volts transistors available could produce useful gain 27MHz receivers could operated five nine volts cost good-quality reed equipment limitations singlechannel radio using escapements tead modellers experiment own equipment never liked escapements mentioned changed electric motor single-stage gear known mighty midget gear forced central position rubber band supply voltage switched direction other receiver relay output provide full left right Blipping switch would produce primitive form proportional control mark-to-space ratio changed blipping could done hand using microswitch transistor multivibrator circuits could provide automatically control knob Some experimenters invented sorts strange devices involving rotating cotton reels specially shaped copper covering contact moved control stick famous galloping ghost development also provided effective elevator control variation pulse rate Proportional Control reeds height popularity realised fully proportional control ultimate goal Crude systems like discussed above used experimenters two channels development full house proportional outfit took long time usually based independent variation frequency mark/space ratio Walt Good design type quite early days servos based balancing voltage input voltage derived position feedback pot difficult provide sufficient filtering receiver outputs achieve smooth DC control voltage slugging response time excessively also suffered unwanted thrashing about switch major breakthrough idea using servo produced pulse two millisecond duration response pulse similar duration receiver servo would strive cancel difference between two pulse widths system advantage servo would attempt move until received pulse behaved itself switch provided fast response called greatly simplified receiver design needed way decoding simple shift register sort Out time multiplexed pulses onto correct outputs frame detector reset Shift registers integratedcircuit form became available about right time spinoff defence investment US government problem packaging far-from-trivial amount electronics servos acceptable size Some manufacturers solved putting electronics servos inside receiver resulted very large receiver ultimate solution employ custom-built integrated circuit inside servo UK Skyleader used 2N409 chip made Ferranti solved problem England probably Futaba M Series first brought Radio Control masses club memberships grew people able take part hobby Apart obvious advantage having blip controls anymore proportional control provided huge bonus models could now 70 Model Aviation E R VANES Build Great Fighter Wind Vanes Yard Field 24 Inch Wing Span Color Pics Plan Info Send $200 emea MODEL SUPPLY EXPANDED CATALOG POLYSPAN AIRSPAN LITESPAN STARSPAN MYLAR TEXAS TIMERS FAITAN II RUBBER 1/113/ II 1 II 3 II 1 II /4116 k R2 A6 042 THICK 1 lb box $18 UPS delivered US 10 lb box $135n UPS delivered Made USA. PA res add 6% sales tax KSB fuel timers $19 DT $1900 electric lighters $6 Front ends winders stooges Books Czech P30 props Slick Lube CROCKETT hooks huge bunch great FF kitsZONA SAWS Catalog FAJ Model Supply $200 Box 366 Sayre PA 18840-0366 Phone/Fax 717-882-9873 SANYO BATTERY PACKS Receiver & Transmitter Packs Ni-Cds Ni-MH Acid TNR Technical Inc Irvine CA800-490-8418 Sanford FL800-346-0601 PUT ON SOME AIRS Sport-Airs Train-Airs PO Box 208 Methuen MA 01844 phone 978 686-0319 Internet wwwnortheastaerodynamicscom Visa Mastercard Welcome Gall write full line catalog trimmed flight using trim levers control sticks now taken granted hitherto confined mechanical adjustment control surfaces unless extra servo used elevator trim having land time make change Type Modulation Dreaded Glitch old equipment used Amplitude Modulation AM method detects changes signal amplitude intended contain information interest reality demodulated signal can include signals other users frequency noise multipath interference Multipath interference caused transmitted signal bounces off some object arrives receiver some time after direct-path signal effect produces depends relative phase two signals can either increase decrease signal amplitude As model moves conditions change reinforcement-andcancellation process becomes cyclic thus producing signal interferes true effect has will depend relative amplitude interference threshold set input decoder crashes so-called glitches time really excuses pilot error probably caused multipath interference FM Frequency Modulation received signal clamped level receiver recovers original signal systematic changes frequency introduced transmitter Multipathing has no effect type equipment amplitude changes lost amplitude-clamping process Interference other users frequency like flier nearby club dont have much effect FM equipment FM receivers effectively grab strongest signal ignore others has shown FM receiver will pay no attention interference provided power level no approximately er signal After reading will probably surprised learn am still flying Radio Control models today advances have made truly staggering Although cannot claim have very beginning Radio Control have seen important changes since around 1955 have found fascinating observe some extent take part progress or Waters 6 Crescent Dr Petts Wood Kent BRS ]BD United Kingdom WEVE PERFECTED THE TWO MOST CRITICAL PARTS IN ANY MODEL AIRPLANE PARTA PART B aerospace industry has relied epoxies over 20 years Now weve developed perfect adhesive planes fly Anchor Bond has lowest viscosity market its lighter offers better penetration other brands because its Mercaptan-free theres no degradation foul odors Unique pump bottles ensure less waste greater accuracy too complete selection CAs fillers reinforcing materials well RTV flj 1 U fl fl M ld Maktng Silicone need use anything else Anchor BondEUEu —EU 16 Riverside Avenue Danvers MA 01923 3281 Technical Assistance two-part epoxy thats 100% better order Call 800 6695217 call 978 774-5217 product Anchor Seal Inc wwwanchorsealcom 72 Model Aviation -tm qu - $6195 $7795

the U Trevor Waters GA ys Frank Van den Burg original Sky Dancer Thats Orbit eight-channel reed transmitter behind models nose April 1999 63 Ruo DERBO Early Radio Control Great Britain Photos courtesy author Graphic Design Jill Ann Cavanaugh Top left ED 246cc diesel Top right AM15 15cc diesel used single-channel model Frog 500 used Rudderbug lower right Reading article Rudder Bug Super Bug March 1998 issue took mind back 40 years built first Radio Control model Mine built original Walt Good plan powered Frog 500 5cc glow engine radio system hand-held valve transmitter single pushbutton control ECC 95 lB single-valve receiver operating rubber-powered escapement rudder receiver very touchy set up two dust iron cored slugs variable inductors needed trimming small nonmetallic screwdriver trip flying field An assistant would walk away transmitter operating pushbutton Leftcentrerightcentre would go escapement slugs would get twiddled until acceptable range achieved also variable resistor potentiometer series receiver hightension supply used adjust relay switched optimum current achieve reliable operation given small change anode current taken valve receiver between transmitter off milliamp meter plugged side fuselage allow done After adjustments completed meter unplugged shorting plug inserted its place receiver used 675-volt high-tension battery 15-volt low-tension battery power filament valve plus 45volt battery escapement primary batteries Small rechargeable batteries still future radio difficult set up unreliable rubber-driven escapement also problem would usually work reasonably well before engine started rubber would completely partially unwind detent bounced past stops because vibration Early RC flying single-valve receiver used Rudder Bug superregenerative detector type receiver has poor selectivity possible model flown time did matter much reliability equipment 64 Model Aviation Brown starts engine Orion favourite time model owner Dave Walker right Frank Van den Burg center look Author left rear Trevor Waters age 17 showing radio access door side Rudder Bug fuselage Single-valve receiver Frog 500 5cc glow engine time everybody else would happy watch brave flier have go rest modellers present would cluster around trunk car appeared model seriously being prepared flight problems deal little effort put model design early days basic Free Flight designs norm larger sport-type Free Flight models generous wing area high-liftcoefficient wing sections considered desirable feature allowed heavy radio equipment pulled around sky low-powered engines time problem using models Radio Control wind penetration anything gentle breeze flight turned constant battle stop model being lost downwind simple bang-bang escapement giving sequential leftcentreright centre difficult fly smoothly no throttle elevator control pilot felt powerless prevent model climbing continuously wind sometimes until almost out sight concentration required such pilots sometimes folded under stress model turned away wind distance lost complete 3600 turn often too great allow ground made up lead panic common see flier running downwind hopelessly trying regain control model praying would run out fuel time see landed burden carrying early ground-based transmitters over through hedges fences took much joy out hobby Now can make anything ultra small Indoor RC models up 45% Extra 300s huge four-engine B29s now can choose among helicopters Electric models ducted fans real turbojets worth remembering early days type aircraft basically Free Flight model pilot attempting influence its flight direction best could Let us go back once again unhappy modeller staggering downwind heavy transmitter see things started improve Tuned Reed Flying Early multichannel equipment using tuned reeds available April 1999 65 Authors Junior 60 homemade reed equipment Model used modified ED 246cc diesel twin butterfly throttle shown photo previous page author still 1k-scale Norman Islander powered two Saito 65s Features own-design throttle fail-safe Easy tlectrfrll Ready flywwwcermarIcom 20 mm New 9eneration * Innovative * Imaginative * Easy travel * Easy assemble * Best Easy Fly Motor Mabuchi 550 Prop 8 x 45Battery 72 V/Sub-C Radio 2 3 chWing Span 72 Length 40 inWeight 48 oz Wing Area 622 s Replacement parts available box field record time Easy Electro-72 excellent Sunday flyer novice can easily handle help instructor Easy assembly Good assembly booklet Good fltght charactertatics Replacement parts available -MANeiss 8-98 Robert Van Tassel lime check ee gone now plane completed ABS fuselage tough Yes like plane lot -EAepert 9-97- Greg Gimlick Cermarks Easy Electro-72 excellent glider beginner advanced flyer Interested frying out electric flight -S&Jlfee 8/998 Steve Sharpe Factory Installed 2 x Servos Now available local hobby shop call us number below about same time struggling Rudder Bug ED sold three-reed set could used select left right rudder plus sequential engine control Later brought out six-reed set receiver equipment used three valves RF detector audio amplifier reed bank driver transmitter built inside box about foot cube eight-foot-long antenna very large heavy 120-volt battery inside called Eveready Winner plus 15-volt battery valve filaments unit stood ground understandably separate control box connecting cable used Much equipment use time homemade some knowledge electronics essential success produced own tuned reed system using ED circuitry Howard Bonner came Woburn Abbey stately home estate England demonstrate Smog Hog came shock source inspiration us present see outside loops rolls being performed Radio Control model Later equipment became available UK Smog Hogs Astro Hogs appeared scene being flown much same way However style flying really available plenty spare money real terms cost such equipment similar turbojet engine today Rudder-only flying remained practical option others original Orbit Radio Control equipment used eight-channel reed bank miniature relay channel operate rudder elevator ailerons throttle aerobatics considered best trim model left alone would enter steepening dive until impact ground operation pilot would have continually blip up elevator prevent flying inverted down elevator would blipped setup could tricky early flights until model trimmed particularly continually corrected roll same time Later equipment ten-reed banks extra two channels being used operate separate elevator trim servo enabled model trimmed level flight Another refinement introduction simultaneous control twin oscillators transmitter outputs could mixed allow certain combinations two controls example aileron elevator selected same time combination well-prepared model good pilot using type equipment produced product would look out-of-place flying field today Top pilots could blip controls speed produced almost proportional control quality blipping could become fetish sometimes control corrections could observed unnecessary Indeed instinct became strong reed fliers continued blip after changed proportional equipment Servos Rubber-driven escapements able operate rudder good day lacked power operate elevators Early types motorised servos tended unreliable time George Honnest-Redlich Sid Allen leading pack UK around 1955 favoured actuator using twin solenoids operating bellerank rudder control type actuator preferred its simplicity reliability Control other functions remained problem until Bonner servos became available widely used type Duramite first versions interfaced relays receiver hut later types called Transmites included drive circuitry using early transistors interfaced directly reed bank dispensing need relays receiver Because cost commercial equipment UK some modellers made own servos author sometimes used simple actuator based Mighty Midget motor rubber band centering provided crude proportional control direction * * Long Engine Life * * Use BRU LINE Air Cleaner Completely Fuel Proof Nylon Rubber Parts Cat No 102 Air Cleaner Coarse $299 Cat No 202 Air Cleaner Fine $299 Replacement Inserts Cat No 104 Pk/2 Inserts Coarse $239 Cat No 204 PkI2 Inserts Fine $239 FITS MOST ENGINES 25and UP SEE YOUR LOCAL HOBBY DEALER IF UNAVAILABLE LOCALLY SEND TO Bru Line Industries Inc o Box3786 Career Line Michigan 48015 lAdd $2 50 sh pp ng M ch gan esidents add 4% sales taxi 66 Model Aviation EDWARD AVE FULLERTON CA 92833 Jnfo714 680-5888 Fax714 680-5880 DEALERS INQUIRIES WELCOME current through continuously quickly reversed varying mark space ratio Engines There severe constraints choice engines available early days Although Dooling 61 McCoy 60 no throttle control mainly used Control Line Speed Radio Control modellers UK usually settled less-ambitious tamer power plants ED Hunter 346cc diesel favourite No silencer much easier handle acceptable noise output first difficult obtain engines fitted means controlling power output began appear some used choke others exhaust restrictor possible get ED engines modified twin butterfly valve sufficiently free operation operated rubber-driven escapement required still have ED 246 diesel fitted way Junior 60 trouble engine after long tickover would miss badly throttle opened until heated up glow plug engines fitted barrel carburetors became available proper control obtained Model Design High-camber wing sections suffer considerable backward movement centre pressure increasing speed avoid risk tailplane losing control speed builds up dive model tucking under powerful tailplane stabilising down force combined forward centre gravity position called original Rudder Bug tailplane set approximately 3I/20 setup model basically single-speed down force tail balancing nose-down pitching moment caused forward centre gravity limited power available engines time resulted reasonable angle climb under power very good glide after engine cut Given calm day plus reliable rudder throttle control such model would provide wonderful relaxed flying today advantage having proportional elevator control probably difficult appreciate have make original Rudder Bug made today typical 40size engine running full throttle rate climb would such model would almost unmanageable rudder-only control Throttle control would turn perfectly acceptable model calm conditions fully proportional elevator control would allow some penetration windy days trouble proportional elevator control option early days Bang-bang elevator control little use model would simply bounce up climb after down elevator returned neutral Elevator trim found much better required reed equipment leadscrew servo Some single-channel users tried another escapement activated rudder escapement paused two neutral positions required rudder escapement could blipped past other neutral position method control hopeless selfcentering elevator could used select fixed elevator trim position flying wind allow models able penetrate wind better something done increase speed range way forward use wing sections much lower camber allowed centre gravity moved back longitudinal dihedral reduced because reduced change centre lift position needed done carefully small stages no proper elevator control possible consequences could disastrous Given care however much-moreexciting model could achieved would climb steadily straight line could made fly level wide turn dive pick up speed tighter turn practice could arranged 4s superior performance hIghest powez-to4veight ratio industry Also owUabir TOC 37% Extra 300L 40% G-202 33% Laser 2001 New line ARFs sizes & styles Call prices & info Designers TOC Winning Aircmft pruviun urniHlitcu arrunatic rv ii weight 30 pounds prnce bravmam,5 1~3U3 3664205 Try EDGE today wont disappointedwwwaerosportscom/aeroworks Introducing 30 Wingp Laser Cut Rubber Powered Flying Models Kit #301 Over 80 LASER CUT PARTS Kit #303 Over 75 LASER CUT PARTS good thing just got bigger expanding line airplanes addition new 30 wingspan laser cut kits Like walnut series line geared toward exciting subject matter captures best model aviation has offer Besides offering cleanest laser cuts comprehensive plans free flight kit provide following quality features Hand Selected Balsa Color Peel & Stick Decal Set 9 Plastic Propeller Full Size Plan FAI Thn II Rubber Step Step Instructions Vacuum Molded Parts Light Weight Colored Tissue Call today 1-800-458-2828 Ext 800 ask information packet Dumas line Rubber Powered Flying Models aircraft DUMAS PRODUCTS INC 9O9AMA E 17th St Tucson AZ 85719 Phone 520-623-3742 Fax 520-620-1329 E-MAIL dumas@azstametcom April 1999 67 Kit #302 Over 70 LASER CUT PARTS UNI KU] JELLU1Ik F IALISTS IN COX AND AME ENGINES & CUSTOM PARTS OLD TIMER KITS & SUPPLIES COILS CONDENSERS PLUGS SILK QUALITY DOPE BRUSHES TRANSISTOR IGNITION SYSTEMS 112A TEXACO PLAYBOY SR KIT result fast sweeping flyby rudder author designed rudder-only model simple proportional servo performed described above based layout suggested Harold de Bolt included article Aeromodeller Annual 1954-55 four-foot wingspan semisymmetrical wing symmetrical tailplane lightweight open structure powered AMl5 British 15 cc diesel Model design later generation reed equipment moved rapidly toward what use today examples models today design has gone backward since modern designs use veneer-covered foam wings either fibreglass fuselage large areas fairly thick sheeting often reinforced substantial areas plywood am sometimes staggered heavy some models no need beefing up Models should designed fly crash recently built Chris Olsen Uproar designed 1961 fitted out modern equipment OS 46 engine model featured fully symmetrical wing tailplane surfaces built-up open structure nylon covering Total weight five pounds three ounces wing loading 155 ounces per square foot low weight originally needed allow reasonable performance obtained low-power engines heavy RC equipment no real requirement move away method construction basic model type except perhaps reduce building time older designs similar construction would make fine models today modern engines equipment still see kits Astro Hog advertised favourite time Orion Radio Control greatest changes design Radio Control equipment came about result invention transistor Early transistors unity gain around megaHertz could used RF stages brought about transistorised receiver still used valve super-regenerative detector transistors amplify audio tone modulation used switch relay design provided huge increase reliability compared earlier single valve receivers no longer requirement fine-tune quench field same basic design could also used drive reed bank 225-volt high tension battery could used type receiver instead 45 volts 68 Model Aviation er & Engine Power Free Flight Display Control Line Electric Power R/C Airplanes Penn Valley Hobby Center 837-A W Main St Lansdale PA 19446 215-368-0770 RACINU WHEELS SOLID LINES CUSTOM NEEDLE VALVES PH 760-761-0511 FAX 761-0937 VISA IMC WELCOME NO COD MINIMUM ORDER $1000 PLUS $300 SHIPPING INSURANCE $200 675 volts transistors available could produce useful gain 27MHz receivers could operated five nine volts cost good-quality reed equipment limitations singlechannel radio using escapements tead modellers experiment own equipment never liked escapements mentioned changed electric motor single-stage gear known mighty midget gear forced central position rubber band supply voltage switched direction other receiver relay output provide full left right Blipping switch would produce primitive form proportional control mark-to-space ratio changed blipping could done hand using microswitch transistor multivibrator circuits could provide automatically control knob Some experimenters invented sorts strange devices involving rotating cotton reels specially shaped copper covering contact moved control stick famous galloping ghost development also provided effective elevator control variation pulse rate Proportional Control reeds height popularity realised fully proportional control ultimate goal Crude systems like discussed above used experimenters two channels development full house proportional outfit took long time usually based independent variation frequency mark/space ratio Walt Good design type quite early days servos based balancing voltage input voltage derived position feedback pot difficult provide sufficient filtering receiver outputs achieve smooth DC control voltage slugging response time excessively also suffered unwanted thrashing about switch major breakthrough idea using servo produced pulse two millisecond duration response pulse similar duration receiver servo would strive cancel difference between two pulse widths system advantage servo would attempt move until received pulse behaved itself switch provided fast response called greatly simplified receiver design needed way decoding simple shift register sort Out time multiplexed pulses onto correct outputs frame detector reset Shift registers integratedcircuit form became available about right time spinoff defence investment US government problem packaging far-from-trivial amount electronics servos acceptable size Some manufacturers solved putting electronics servos inside receiver resulted very large receiver ultimate solution employ custom-built integrated circuit inside servo UK Skyleader used 2N409 chip made Ferranti solved problem England probably Futaba M Series first brought Radio Control masses club memberships grew people able take part hobby Apart obvious advantage having blip controls anymore proportional control provided huge bonus models could now 70 Model Aviation E R VANES Build Great Fighter Wind Vanes Yard Field 24 Inch Wing Span Color Pics Plan Info Send $200 emea MODEL SUPPLY EXPANDED CATALOG POLYSPAN AIRSPAN LITESPAN STARSPAN MYLAR TEXAS TIMERS FAITAN II RUBBER 1/113/ II 1 II 3 II 1 II /4116 k R2 A6 042 THICK 1 lb box $18 UPS delivered US 10 lb box $135n UPS delivered Made USA. PA res add 6% sales tax KSB fuel timers $19 DT $1900 electric lighters $6 Front ends winders stooges Books Czech P30 props Slick Lube CROCKETT hooks huge bunch great FF kitsZONA SAWS Catalog FAJ Model Supply $200 Box 366 Sayre PA 18840-0366 Phone/Fax 717-882-9873 SANYO BATTERY PACKS Receiver & Transmitter Packs Ni-Cds Ni-MH Acid TNR Technical Inc Irvine CA800-490-8418 Sanford FL800-346-0601 PUT ON SOME AIRS Sport-Airs Train-Airs PO Box 208 Methuen MA 01844 phone 978 686-0319 Internet wwwnortheastaerodynamicscom Visa Mastercard Welcome Gall write full line catalog trimmed flight using trim levers control sticks now taken granted hitherto confined mechanical adjustment control surfaces unless extra servo used elevator trim having land time make change Type Modulation Dreaded Glitch old equipment used Amplitude Modulation AM method detects changes signal amplitude intended contain information interest reality demodulated signal can include signals other users frequency noise multipath interference Multipath interference caused transmitted signal bounces off some object arrives receiver some time after direct-path signal effect produces depends relative phase two signals can either increase decrease signal amplitude As model moves conditions change reinforcement-andcancellation process becomes cyclic thus producing signal interferes true effect has will depend relative amplitude interference threshold set input decoder crashes so-called glitches time really excuses pilot error probably caused multipath interference FM Frequency Modulation received signal clamped level receiver recovers original signal systematic changes frequency introduced transmitter Multipathing has no effect type equipment amplitude changes lost amplitude-clamping process Interference other users frequency like flier nearby club dont have much effect FM equipment FM receivers effectively grab strongest signal ignore others has shown FM receiver will pay no attention interference provided power level no approximately er signal After reading will probably surprised learn am still flying Radio Control models today advances have made truly staggering Although cannot claim have very beginning Radio Control have seen important changes since around 1955 have found fascinating observe some extent take part progress or Waters 6 Crescent Dr Petts Wood Kent BRS ]BD United Kingdom WEVE PERFECTED THE TWO MOST CRITICAL PARTS IN ANY MODEL AIRPLANE PARTA PART B aerospace industry has relied epoxies over 20 years Now weve developed perfect adhesive planes fly Anchor Bond has lowest viscosity market its lighter offers better penetration other brands because its Mercaptan-free theres no degradation foul odors Unique pump bottles ensure less waste greater accuracy too complete selection CAs fillers reinforcing materials well RTV flj 1 U fl fl M ld Maktng Silicone need use anything else Anchor BondEUEu —EU 16 Riverside Avenue Danvers MA 01923 3281 Technical Assistance two-part epoxy thats 100% better order Call 800 6695217 call 978 774-5217 product Anchor Seal Inc wwwanchorsealcom 72 Model Aviation -tm qu - $6195 $7795