Right The fuselage turned over show invert ed installation Merco 49 Air scoop portion removable Fuel loop shown filling Below Although long-nosed short coupled looking flies beautifully Flown wide range power plants will perform 45 60 Pictures Bill McCaw SEVERAL YEARS AGO designed conversion Top Flite Nobler radio control featuring coupled flaps eleva tor time seemed Jetco Shark 45 designed control-line stunter Lew McFarland would make better subject larger model thus bit suited larger engines also offered advantage being able accept slightly larger radio equipment Surprisingly Shark 45 about same size Kwik-Fli opinion much prettier model old Nob ler have enjoyed much Coupled flaps elevators RC design derived Jetco CL stunt model kit produces in-flight advantages Fred Marks 1970 made first conversion Shark 45 good friend Frank Williams drew plans en joyed quite few flights using first Enya 45 Supertigre 56 Unfortu nately birds demise came inflight switch failure occurred total lack foresight gotten around TheSharI to taking photos completed model model shown built plans least verifies accuracy plans using original kit parts wing horizontal stabilizer New wood purchased fuselage adequately powered Merco 49 engine may choose MSMY OUU 101 AAB-rn / Fl 7/E2DdIESI6 Theory Coupled Flaps Elevator build control line kit havearound 08 20 greater general presented rib patterns complete scratchmore sophisticated flaps higher buildingmaximum CL addition use lead ing edge slats and/or slots further increases maximum CL values around 28 normal application flaps full-under ideal conditions 30 achievable scale aircraft increase maximum mechanism whereby lift created lift coefficient CL wing fromby flap reshaping nominal F ma Ps F 11 1/6 SOPTjFS2 3A ssao ii K F Y4SO Epoxiura -~LLT FATF-SO 3/E13I/23E SI/AWEE r03/IS SOUlrE FEE[Fi~soN- _V3t ISH/4 S0FTSEm 4 j- --~: S 3/EA/4F1Fig 10 02 SLANT FRONT LANOSE GEARASSY MOTOR40 1960 CU RI 21/4 WA ERiE 195 MCML S AS WE R RE FifE RAMS RE ENE NUIRAL CERENUIRE MMCM ERAI WAS RRUU UT LU RAFIWAM l/5s3I/SxIDE/R2REOO- l/555l/213I/2 2FIE531434 200.F42 /43/5 MED FITFIR- ---- -2EEOO -PIEFiR- I/RASI/2*III/NI- Daft N F-l4VZdR ___ - -F2SERVO IOEJIATSP31 MOTOR P4 IFEE -l / SERVO [v32][b-1-10-1-10]]I-- PUS P19 I/ESJETLAIOCE iiiElOU-S ER CORKeD________ SE 1/49/K TESlOCK 11w -I/ LI /ISKET TOPSI OHj C3456565ETOWIEPE 4r E-RI/NUSTLSTOOE 36 Model Aviation F2E S SM OI&5PRIT...7N V2s3711 rFIZFISUEl/2I7I/R2REQOI rc 5/32 DIALERS REOOR R-O S//ARK 45 RESIRRED SO FRED U MARKS DRAWN HO FRAME & UUIAUS LE airfoil highly cambered airfoil Fig presents basic change including both flaps leading edge slats additional lift achieved penalty drag since drag coefficient CD also increases CL increases Thus large flap movements used high lift required slow speed full flaps used czz NORMAL III~c\ FIGURE 1HIGH LIrT landing addition large excursions flaps high speed cause severe buffet high structural loads Thehasic difference between normal land ing flaps coupled flaps discussed amount flap travel used use both up down deflection normal aerobatic model has fully F53 P31EPOSIUTEF 59 3/Sb VS,VZP25 VSL/4P40 v19VI S3/SIl P27 S/S3d8 ~P55137 L/55341E7 PlO FFGG37/ h h/ISSKIwoTH 50231 C11/ 40 VMPLYIZRE/i/ / LS SHEET Fi~////// I/SoilS P41511054 L4MEL 0S II fi -3 Sl32MW- 3/33 IDTUSING.111u1 111111 ACE3SERV0SW SILVER 501525 HEIUIIL...~ . - ---E--SI4INX WRAP S EPOXY TOWIS11 It0k1I0Il--011 AILEROS ISERVO 1- 0 - ----I / I/IL 7NKI 111 IiIjI W5A4rsoT 9 CET FROM I/loS ThPERSD STOCK 2 EACJ4 1 S/So I/S 9 liI ~1j \ I / iii Ti 15192 1/SPISId 2 EACH I/201-I/SHAPLE2EAI ISROOVESERILI FOR LI 59 9/ /// 01II, S VISMET VIA PLY/ ISOTTOId 2 REODIN/ I--I -I /1A K1/51/S /I5/SWRUCE4REOR I/S 5*1227 TOP S TTOSI 9 II / PI~// 0/ I11f1 ~17 May1976 37 Ij/lii 1/ //i III I f/ 1/7 f/lu ii' ii /1/ Shark symmetrical airfoil requires model fly positive angle attack generate lift see Fig 2 flat-bottomed MEAN CAMBER LINE 111H0 SYMMETRICAL ANGLE OF RELATIVE WIND IBI SEMI-SYMMETRICAL MEAN CAMBER LINE RELATIVE WINO- CI CAMBERED UP CAMBER NEUTRAL DOWN DI COUPLED-SYMMETRICALCAMBER FIGURE 2 airfoil semi-symmetrical airfoil require high angle attack ex cept during inverted flight introducing small lOl5o maximum flap deflection have in-effect created semi-symmet rical airfoil both inverted upright maneuvers flap used thusly simply provides variable camber end result considerable lift generated lower angles attack little increase drag fact added drag will become significant until flaps extended well beyond range indica ted earlier standpoint coupled flaps create unneeded lift during landing either need retracted extended fully landing approach models tested thus far flaps ailerons have occupied approxi mately equal proportions inner outer halves wing panel rela tionship also produces desirable effect lateral stability low speed model trimmed relatively slow ap proach flaps extended down few degrees places mean camber line outer wing panel relatively lower angle attack inner panel shown Fig 3 Thus tip stall de layed lateral control maintained significantly lower speeds AILERON \MEAN CAMBER OUTBOARD FLAPCAMBER LINE INBOARD FIGURE EFFECTIVE WASH-OUT PRODUCED BY FLAPS Mechanization Operation three suggested types mech anization first simple mechanical interconnect elevator flap similar control-line arrangement Fig 4 shows arrangement has advan ELEVATOR SERVOELEVATOR WING FIGURE 4MECHANIZATION FOR STRAIGHT COUPLED FIXED-WING MODELS NO DECOUPLE tage minimum weight nonremov able wing installation can used four-channel systems can also achieved aircraft removable wings electronically paralleling flap servo elevator servo via Y connector third method provides greater flexi bility requires least five-channel system slight modification transmitter Fig 5 shows modification ORIGINAL WIRES TO TRANSMITTER PC BOARD ELEVATOR STICK BAIL TYPICAL CONTROL LEVER MOVES WITH ELEVATOR BAIL 0 COUPLED POT CONTROL LEVER 0 FIGURE 5 ELECTRONIC COUPLING Timothy Marks poses Shark show rela tionship flap aileron elevator areas ship about same size Kwik-FIi made transmitters simple additions trim potenti ometer switch linkage actuate added potentiometer required Since transmitter layouts arrange ments vary widely little point describing detailed mechanization transmitters Instead general arrangement shown Fig 5 should fol lowed consists following steps 1 Attach linkage bail elevator stick can used move control lever attached shaft good quality potentiometer pot used coupled flap function ratio ele vator-pot-shaft rotation rotation shaft added pot should 41 achieved making radius link connection attached bail equal one-fourth radius lever con trolling added pot 2 Connect leads added pot existing fifth-channel pot end terminals DPDT switch Fig 5 connect common terminals switch printed circuit points fifth-channel control pot wires originally connected above completed may select positionable flaps controlled fifth-channel lever coupled flaps con trolled movement elevator stick ratio one-fourth movement elevator servo reason will become apparent little later Setup flap servo illustrated Fig 6 desirable have flap travel l0-l5 about neutral coupled opera-FULL ON 30 ON FLAP FIGURE 6FLAP SET UP ELECTRONIC COUPLING tion Flap travel should neutral around 400 down landing flaps achieved follows coupled flaps selected rotate shaft added potentiometer until servo positioned one-fourth way end full travel elevator stick neutral lock lever shaft added pot Now move elevator stick fifth-channel servo should follow reaching end full trav el over-running full down elevator given Travel new neutral fifth-channel servo should 25% full travel presents awkward linkage requirement trans mitter lower-value pot may substitu ted resistors used series end terminals new pot bring total series value 5000 ohms 2 Select positionable flaps set servo position same neutral point under 1 using fifth-channel lever Add stop fifth-channel lever prevent servo going further up flaps direction ie toward one-fourth end Full movement auxiliary lever other way will put servo full travel three-fourths end full down flaps continued page 91 May1976 39 Equipment bay Ace R/C 14G23 three servo block B receiver aileron servo hidden beneath C throttle servoFULL UP 1FII...loo UFFLAF 80% NEUTRAL 60% 100 ON FLAP Below Flap-elevator mixer depicted modifi cation Kraft two-channel brick mixer ele vator pushrod B flap pushrod Mixer parallel arms Cl must lengthened 0 rudder nose-wheel ateering servo arm KRAFT IAT L4 4 #4 de4 6th Annual pcs Pre-Season Radio System Check-up December 151975April 301976 FULL TIME TECHNICIANS FACTORY TRAINED ST TEST EQUIPMENT NEW MODERN SHOP ONLY GENUINE FACTORY PARTS SFACTION GUARANTEED KPRESEA SOAT SPECIAL ONLY $2695 plus post aqe Perform Transmitter Battery Load Check Perform Transmitter Crystal Frequency Count Perform Receiver Battery Load Check Check Battery Charging Circuit Tune Transmitter R F Check Receiver Sensitivity & Adjust 9diae4 Align Receiver RF IF Stages Check Receiver Logic Align Transmitter Encoder Check Servo Stalled Motor Current Repair parts additional Check Servo Mechanics Adjust Servo Centering Perform System Servo Noise Check Shock Test Complete Airhorne System Range Check System System Flight Test Necessary 7Ocee Kraft Great Lakes Inc 6787 Wales Ave PO Box 2182 North CantonOhio 11720 /t Jack Yarger 216 199-8310 BankAmericard Master Charge Welcome Shark/Marks continued page 39 desirable modify trans mitter satisfactory coupling may achieved mechanically airplane Fig 7 illustrates arrangement schematical ~j7 FIGURE 7 MECHANICAL COUPLING ly Fig 8 accompanying photos recent Shark 45 show three mechanizations used limitation difficulty encountered getting proper relationship throw rotary output servos used can overcome easily trouble taken construct sliding connecting bar shown Fig 8 -O ROTAFY OUTPUT o UT 5 RACK FIGURE 8 EXAMPLE MEcHANIZATIONS MEcHANICAL cOUPLING chooses use commercial mixer shown photos Regardless mechanization used ground rules apply operation coupled flaps elevators deter mined empirically optimum ratio elevator/flap travel will differ air plane design plane may use equal travel another ratio of4l always elevator optimum ratio will depend CG location moment arms surface area weight etc has experi ence flap area should equal 10% elevator area Flap chord should 20 25% total wing chord including flap chord sug gested proper travel ratio deter mined follows Start ratio 41 perhaps 61 eg 5U flap 300 elevator decrease ratio increments low 11 necessary ie. 30U flaps 300 elevator limitation will point nonlinear response met and/or failure obtain clean spin entry Remem ber amount flap travel does have maximized small amount asset CG located essentially same point conventional configuration about 25-30% wing chord excluding flaps means will about 20-25% total chord sures stable model minimum floating tendencies permits model spun readily longer rudder moment arm flap cross section Shark 45 sheet balsa no taper Only slight rounding trailing edge used Thus entire airfoil cross section still symmetrical reflexed both top bottom Results has found use coupled elevators flaps provides smoother pitch maneuvering 2 enhanced lateral stability thus bit difficulty achieving spins coupled 3 signifi cantly enhanced landing characteristics 4 no noticeable cross-coupling lateral directional control Two negative results encountered easily overcome introducing ability position flaps well coupling Landings flaps coupled flight maneuvering ie U de flection causes floating during landing overcome extending flaps 3040U landing As mentioned earlier stall spin entry bit difficult overcome neutralizing flaps spins using rudder deflection Shark 45 RC flies beautifully striking flight didnt choose install retractable gear plenty space warning regard flying model take-offs dont need should made flaps May1976 91 * THIN RIGID BLADES OF HARD MAPLE WOOD * SUPERBLY FINISHED COMPLETELY FUEL PROOF SPECIAL PRO SERIES 2 FOR RC-FREE FLIGHT CONTROL LINE DIA 5 6 7 9 10 10 11 11 1 1 12 12 13 14 15 16 FITCH 3 3 3/3h 4 3% 456 4 6 7 7 4 66W 7 8W 6EW 45WS67 7 6EW 6 7 6 5W 56 56 5 4 W WIDE BLADE *EW EXTRA WIDE ALL NEW SERIES 400 B FOR SPEED & RACING HEW ADVANCED DESIGN TERRIFIC INCREASE IN THRUST & SPEED LEADING SFEED RECORD HOLDER 72 73 74 DIA FIlCH 467 45 5 678th 7566N7 10 11 5899N 8777 977/a7% 1313 N NARROW Now available George Aldrichs personal formula Magnum Glow Fuels made finest quelity castor synthetic oils blended purest methanol end nitromethene available Exclusive additives combine excesstional film strengsh hi-load carrying anti-wear propevties rust & corrosion prevention clean cool low varnish fuel variety totally compatible Nitro blends available GSa Gals Drumi power competition demands Magnum Racing Glow Piugs Long & Short Reach Idesi F-i Pylon & OM Racing Bonafide dealer inquiries invited write phone BG&H speed Ream sets new AMA speed record Magnum Glow Plugs Oct 1B7B173 MPH * Fat 3511-32B Shark continued extended landing position attempt resulted liftoff after just 10 ft roll requirement full right rudder prevent auger-in Land ings soft easy no tendency float flaps moved landing position least 25 no 300 Attempts land flaps Cou pled ie travel 150 results floating flaps set 250 calm air have demonstrated stable approach smooth touchdown 200 ft out hands completely off transmitter like things different exciting will enjoy Shark 45 RC Construction Because exactly beginners model wont present step-by-step structions wood parts identified coded plan recon struct kit raw materials can mark parts felt-tip pen easy finding build wing built exactly per plans However dont use control line plans since wing panel rib hay longer other will look funny youll also get bad roll trim plans show forward fuselage doublers laminated several layers balsa may choose use single thicker piece say 3/8 taper shown aft end Complete Eagle I/Wade continued page 22 Piston/Cylinder The modification seems good changing bypass timing depth see sketch height outside bypass grooves should raised 305 down glow plug shelf Leave middle groove alone depth outside grooves should 486 measured diagonally Again leave middle groove alone because its already too deep should done mill end end mill dont have access mill Dremel moto tool /s carbide cutter will job ball socket area Cox engines should checked 003 play ball socket should re-set Dale Kim tool After engine broken ready run 70% nitro ball socket shouldnt have re-set still check occasionally Piston/cylinder fit very critical top performance new piston/cylinder should set up piston will slide up cylinder about 1/32 above glow-plug shelfbefore sticks After its brokenin should increase about 1/16-3/32 above glow-plug shelf parts should dry checking piston/cylinder fit Varnish cylinder walls should checked often during break-in after flight contest can checked holding cylinder up the fuselage attach horizontal stabi lizer beautifully long canopy fairing dorsal fin vertical stabilizer securing hatch use 4-40 bolt tapped maple block front combined dowel peg aft end models fuselage covered silk dope problem encoun tered silk pulled away glue joint runs length dorsal fin best overcome slitting silk doping down tightly junction gap results between silk edges juncture use resin microballoons form small fillet recommend fuselage cov ered before wing installed wing fillets added wing aligned epoxied place use epoxy resin micro-balloons form fillet Cover wing horizontal stabilizer Mono kote other heat-shrink covering sure cut form straight-edge root end Mask straight-edge well covering proceed fill finish fuselage favorite finish ing materials Acknowledgments To Frank Williams drawing plans Bill McLaw photos Hohie Steele Jack Dorman aid construction hasten add original built author model crashed mentioned earlier also acknowledge original beauti ful Shark 45 design Lou McFarland light brownish color walls indi cates varnish caused castor oil some synthetic oils remove varn ish use SOS pad best break-in procedure seems three five minutes ground running short runsi minute time best lots flying time about 30% nitro fuel small prop such Cox 4 X 4 lefthand prop fits Ive described matter judgment engine builders part So just let guide develop own method finding fits Glow plug new type glow plugs about 700 rpm faster old trumpet shape plugs because increased com pression slightly different combus tion chamber shape cone shape small squish band Some people find small gain power taking 015 020 off bottom new plugs havent danger bending connecting rod engine flooded isnt worth possible small gain record flights made stock plug 005 gas ket Fuel Ive come up basic fuel has worked well weather conditions over past two years trick synthetic oils have tried found its still necessary run some cas tor oil keep things together So can run own trick oil still run 4-5% castor oil Heres fuel used record flights 70% nitro 5% castor oil 92 Model Aviation HIGH PERFORMANCE * COMPETITION PROVEN ASK yOUR DEALER Writs Phone Aldrich Products Inc pricePO Box 1426 listMission Texas 76572 512 585-7661
Edition: Model Aviation - 1976/05
Page Numbers: 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 91, 92
Edition: Model Aviation - 1976/05
Page Numbers: 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 91, 92
Right The fuselage turned over show invert ed installation Merco 49 Air scoop portion removable Fuel loop shown filling Below Although long-nosed short coupled looking flies beautifully Flown wide range power plants will perform 45 60 Pictures Bill McCaw SEVERAL YEARS AGO designed conversion Top Flite Nobler radio control featuring coupled flaps eleva tor time seemed Jetco Shark 45 designed control-line stunter Lew McFarland would make better subject larger model thus bit suited larger engines also offered advantage being able accept slightly larger radio equipment Surprisingly Shark 45 about same size Kwik-Fli opinion much prettier model old Nob ler have enjoyed much Coupled flaps elevators RC design derived Jetco CL stunt model kit produces in-flight advantages Fred Marks 1970 made first conversion Shark 45 good friend Frank Williams drew plans en joyed quite few flights using first Enya 45 Supertigre 56 Unfortu nately birds demise came inflight switch failure occurred total lack foresight gotten around TheSharI to taking photos completed model model shown built plans least verifies accuracy plans using original kit parts wing horizontal stabilizer New wood purchased fuselage adequately powered Merco 49 engine may choose MSMY OUU 101 AAB-rn / Fl 7/E2DdIESI6 Theory Coupled Flaps Elevator build control line kit havearound 08 20 greater general presented rib patterns complete scratchmore sophisticated flaps higher buildingmaximum CL addition use lead ing edge slats and/or slots further increases maximum CL values around 28 normal application flaps full-under ideal conditions 30 achievable scale aircraft increase maximum mechanism whereby lift created lift coefficient CL wing fromby flap reshaping nominal F ma Ps F 11 1/6 SOPTjFS2 3A ssao ii K F Y4SO Epoxiura -~LLT FATF-SO 3/E13I/23E SI/AWEE r03/IS SOUlrE FEE[Fi~soN- _V3t ISH/4 S0FTSEm 4 j- --~: S 3/EA/4F1Fig 10 02 SLANT FRONT LANOSE GEARASSY MOTOR40 1960 CU RI 21/4 WA ERiE 195 MCML S AS WE R RE FifE RAMS RE ENE NUIRAL CERENUIRE MMCM ERAI WAS RRUU UT LU RAFIWAM l/5s3I/SxIDE/R2REOO- l/555l/213I/2 2FIE531434 200.F42 /43/5 MED FITFIR- ---- -2EEOO -PIEFiR- I/RASI/2*III/NI- Daft N F-l4VZdR ___ - -F2SERVO IOEJIATSP31 MOTOR P4 IFEE -l / SERVO [v32][b-1-10-1-10]]I-- PUS P19 I/ESJETLAIOCE iiiElOU-S ER CORKeD________ SE 1/49/K TESlOCK 11w -I/ LI /ISKET TOPSI OHj C3456565ETOWIEPE 4r E-RI/NUSTLSTOOE 36 Model Aviation F2E S SM OI&5PRIT...7N V2s3711 rFIZFISUEl/2I7I/R2REQOI rc 5/32 DIALERS REOOR R-O S//ARK 45 RESIRRED SO FRED U MARKS DRAWN HO FRAME & UUIAUS LE airfoil highly cambered airfoil Fig presents basic change including both flaps leading edge slats additional lift achieved penalty drag since drag coefficient CD also increases CL increases Thus large flap movements used high lift required slow speed full flaps used czz NORMAL III~c\ FIGURE 1HIGH LIrT landing addition large excursions flaps high speed cause severe buffet high structural loads Thehasic difference between normal land ing flaps coupled flaps discussed amount flap travel used use both up down deflection normal aerobatic model has fully F53 P31EPOSIUTEF 59 3/Sb VS,VZP25 VSL/4P40 v19VI S3/SIl P27 S/S3d8 ~P55137 L/55341E7 PlO FFGG37/ h h/ISSKIwoTH 50231 C11/ 40 VMPLYIZRE/i/ / LS SHEET Fi~////// I/SoilS P41511054 L4MEL 0S II fi -3 Sl32MW- 3/33 IDTUSING.111u1 111111 ACE3SERV0SW SILVER 501525 HEIUIIL...~ . - ---E--SI4INX WRAP S EPOXY TOWIS11 It0k1I0Il--011 AILEROS ISERVO 1- 0 - ----I / I/IL 7NKI 111 IiIjI W5A4rsoT 9 CET FROM I/loS ThPERSD STOCK 2 EACJ4 1 S/So I/S 9 liI ~1j \ I / iii Ti 15192 1/SPISId 2 EACH I/201-I/SHAPLE2EAI ISROOVESERILI FOR LI 59 9/ /// 01II, S VISMET VIA PLY/ ISOTTOId 2 REODIN/ I--I -I /1A K1/51/S /I5/SWRUCE4REOR I/S 5*1227 TOP S TTOSI 9 II / PI~// 0/ I11f1 ~17 May1976 37 Ij/lii 1/ //i III I f/ 1/7 f/lu ii' ii /1/ Shark symmetrical airfoil requires model fly positive angle attack generate lift see Fig 2 flat-bottomed MEAN CAMBER LINE 111H0 SYMMETRICAL ANGLE OF RELATIVE WIND IBI SEMI-SYMMETRICAL MEAN CAMBER LINE RELATIVE WINO- CI CAMBERED UP CAMBER NEUTRAL DOWN DI COUPLED-SYMMETRICALCAMBER FIGURE 2 airfoil semi-symmetrical airfoil require high angle attack ex cept during inverted flight introducing small lOl5o maximum flap deflection have in-effect created semi-symmet rical airfoil both inverted upright maneuvers flap used thusly simply provides variable camber end result considerable lift generated lower angles attack little increase drag fact added drag will become significant until flaps extended well beyond range indica ted earlier standpoint coupled flaps create unneeded lift during landing either need retracted extended fully landing approach models tested thus far flaps ailerons have occupied approxi mately equal proportions inner outer halves wing panel rela tionship also produces desirable effect lateral stability low speed model trimmed relatively slow ap proach flaps extended down few degrees places mean camber line outer wing panel relatively lower angle attack inner panel shown Fig 3 Thus tip stall de layed lateral control maintained significantly lower speeds AILERON \MEAN CAMBER OUTBOARD FLAPCAMBER LINE INBOARD FIGURE EFFECTIVE WASH-OUT PRODUCED BY FLAPS Mechanization Operation three suggested types mech anization first simple mechanical interconnect elevator flap similar control-line arrangement Fig 4 shows arrangement has advan ELEVATOR SERVOELEVATOR WING FIGURE 4MECHANIZATION FOR STRAIGHT COUPLED FIXED-WING MODELS NO DECOUPLE tage minimum weight nonremov able wing installation can used four-channel systems can also achieved aircraft removable wings electronically paralleling flap servo elevator servo via Y connector third method provides greater flexi bility requires least five-channel system slight modification transmitter Fig 5 shows modification ORIGINAL WIRES TO TRANSMITTER PC BOARD ELEVATOR STICK BAIL TYPICAL CONTROL LEVER MOVES WITH ELEVATOR BAIL 0 COUPLED POT CONTROL LEVER 0 FIGURE 5 ELECTRONIC COUPLING Timothy Marks poses Shark show rela tionship flap aileron elevator areas ship about same size Kwik-FIi made transmitters simple additions trim potenti ometer switch linkage actuate added potentiometer required Since transmitter layouts arrange ments vary widely little point describing detailed mechanization transmitters Instead general arrangement shown Fig 5 should fol lowed consists following steps 1 Attach linkage bail elevator stick can used move control lever attached shaft good quality potentiometer pot used coupled flap function ratio ele vator-pot-shaft rotation rotation shaft added pot should 41 achieved making radius link connection attached bail equal one-fourth radius lever con trolling added pot 2 Connect leads added pot existing fifth-channel pot end terminals DPDT switch Fig 5 connect common terminals switch printed circuit points fifth-channel control pot wires originally connected above completed may select positionable flaps controlled fifth-channel lever coupled flaps con trolled movement elevator stick ratio one-fourth movement elevator servo reason will become apparent little later Setup flap servo illustrated Fig 6 desirable have flap travel l0-l5 about neutral coupled opera-FULL ON 30 ON FLAP FIGURE 6FLAP SET UP ELECTRONIC COUPLING tion Flap travel should neutral around 400 down landing flaps achieved follows coupled flaps selected rotate shaft added potentiometer until servo positioned one-fourth way end full travel elevator stick neutral lock lever shaft added pot Now move elevator stick fifth-channel servo should follow reaching end full trav el over-running full down elevator given Travel new neutral fifth-channel servo should 25% full travel presents awkward linkage requirement trans mitter lower-value pot may substitu ted resistors used series end terminals new pot bring total series value 5000 ohms 2 Select positionable flaps set servo position same neutral point under 1 using fifth-channel lever Add stop fifth-channel lever prevent servo going further up flaps direction ie toward one-fourth end Full movement auxiliary lever other way will put servo full travel three-fourths end full down flaps continued page 91 May1976 39 Equipment bay Ace R/C 14G23 three servo block B receiver aileron servo hidden beneath C throttle servoFULL UP 1FII...loo UFFLAF 80% NEUTRAL 60% 100 ON FLAP Below Flap-elevator mixer depicted modifi cation Kraft two-channel brick mixer ele vator pushrod B flap pushrod Mixer parallel arms Cl must lengthened 0 rudder nose-wheel ateering servo arm KRAFT IAT L4 4 #4 de4 6th Annual pcs Pre-Season Radio System Check-up December 151975April 301976 FULL TIME TECHNICIANS FACTORY TRAINED ST TEST EQUIPMENT NEW MODERN SHOP ONLY GENUINE FACTORY PARTS SFACTION GUARANTEED KPRESEA SOAT SPECIAL ONLY $2695 plus post aqe Perform Transmitter Battery Load Check Perform Transmitter Crystal Frequency Count Perform Receiver Battery Load Check Check Battery Charging Circuit Tune Transmitter R F Check Receiver Sensitivity & Adjust 9diae4 Align Receiver RF IF Stages Check Receiver Logic Align Transmitter Encoder Check Servo Stalled Motor Current Repair parts additional Check Servo Mechanics Adjust Servo Centering Perform System Servo Noise Check Shock Test Complete Airhorne System Range Check System System Flight Test Necessary 7Ocee Kraft Great Lakes Inc 6787 Wales Ave PO Box 2182 North CantonOhio 11720 /t Jack Yarger 216 199-8310 BankAmericard Master Charge Welcome Shark/Marks continued page 39 desirable modify trans mitter satisfactory coupling may achieved mechanically airplane Fig 7 illustrates arrangement schematical ~j7 FIGURE 7 MECHANICAL COUPLING ly Fig 8 accompanying photos recent Shark 45 show three mechanizations used limitation difficulty encountered getting proper relationship throw rotary output servos used can overcome easily trouble taken construct sliding connecting bar shown Fig 8 -O ROTAFY OUTPUT o UT 5 RACK FIGURE 8 EXAMPLE MEcHANIZATIONS MEcHANICAL cOUPLING chooses use commercial mixer shown photos Regardless mechanization used ground rules apply operation coupled flaps elevators deter mined empirically optimum ratio elevator/flap travel will differ air plane design plane may use equal travel another ratio of4l always elevator optimum ratio will depend CG location moment arms surface area weight etc has experi ence flap area should equal 10% elevator area Flap chord should 20 25% total wing chord including flap chord sug gested proper travel ratio deter mined follows Start ratio 41 perhaps 61 eg 5U flap 300 elevator decrease ratio increments low 11 necessary ie. 30U flaps 300 elevator limitation will point nonlinear response met and/or failure obtain clean spin entry Remem ber amount flap travel does have maximized small amount asset CG located essentially same point conventional configuration about 25-30% wing chord excluding flaps means will about 20-25% total chord sures stable model minimum floating tendencies permits model spun readily longer rudder moment arm flap cross section Shark 45 sheet balsa no taper Only slight rounding trailing edge used Thus entire airfoil cross section still symmetrical reflexed both top bottom Results has found use coupled elevators flaps provides smoother pitch maneuvering 2 enhanced lateral stability thus bit difficulty achieving spins coupled 3 signifi cantly enhanced landing characteristics 4 no noticeable cross-coupling lateral directional control Two negative results encountered easily overcome introducing ability position flaps well coupling Landings flaps coupled flight maneuvering ie U de flection causes floating during landing overcome extending flaps 3040U landing As mentioned earlier stall spin entry bit difficult overcome neutralizing flaps spins using rudder deflection Shark 45 RC flies beautifully striking flight didnt choose install retractable gear plenty space warning regard flying model take-offs dont need should made flaps May1976 91 * THIN RIGID BLADES OF HARD MAPLE WOOD * SUPERBLY FINISHED COMPLETELY FUEL PROOF SPECIAL PRO SERIES 2 FOR RC-FREE FLIGHT CONTROL LINE DIA 5 6 7 9 10 10 11 11 1 1 12 12 13 14 15 16 FITCH 3 3 3/3h 4 3% 456 4 6 7 7 4 66W 7 8W 6EW 45WS67 7 6EW 6 7 6 5W 56 56 5 4 W WIDE BLADE *EW EXTRA WIDE ALL NEW SERIES 400 B FOR SPEED & RACING HEW ADVANCED DESIGN TERRIFIC INCREASE IN THRUST & SPEED LEADING SFEED RECORD HOLDER 72 73 74 DIA FIlCH 467 45 5 678th 7566N7 10 11 5899N 8777 977/a7% 1313 N NARROW Now available George Aldrichs personal formula Magnum Glow Fuels made finest quelity castor synthetic oils blended purest methanol end nitromethene available Exclusive additives combine excesstional film strengsh hi-load carrying anti-wear propevties rust & corrosion prevention clean cool low varnish fuel variety totally compatible Nitro blends available GSa Gals Drumi power competition demands Magnum Racing Glow Piugs Long & Short Reach Idesi F-i Pylon & OM Racing Bonafide dealer inquiries invited write phone BG&H speed Ream sets new AMA speed record Magnum Glow Plugs Oct 1B7B173 MPH * Fat 3511-32B Shark continued extended landing position attempt resulted liftoff after just 10 ft roll requirement full right rudder prevent auger-in Land ings soft easy no tendency float flaps moved landing position least 25 no 300 Attempts land flaps Cou pled ie travel 150 results floating flaps set 250 calm air have demonstrated stable approach smooth touchdown 200 ft out hands completely off transmitter like things different exciting will enjoy Shark 45 RC Construction Because exactly beginners model wont present step-by-step structions wood parts identified coded plan recon struct kit raw materials can mark parts felt-tip pen easy finding build wing built exactly per plans However dont use control line plans since wing panel rib hay longer other will look funny youll also get bad roll trim plans show forward fuselage doublers laminated several layers balsa may choose use single thicker piece say 3/8 taper shown aft end Complete Eagle I/Wade continued page 22 Piston/Cylinder The modification seems good changing bypass timing depth see sketch height outside bypass grooves should raised 305 down glow plug shelf Leave middle groove alone depth outside grooves should 486 measured diagonally Again leave middle groove alone because its already too deep should done mill end end mill dont have access mill Dremel moto tool /s carbide cutter will job ball socket area Cox engines should checked 003 play ball socket should re-set Dale Kim tool After engine broken ready run 70% nitro ball socket shouldnt have re-set still check occasionally Piston/cylinder fit very critical top performance new piston/cylinder should set up piston will slide up cylinder about 1/32 above glow-plug shelfbefore sticks After its brokenin should increase about 1/16-3/32 above glow-plug shelf parts should dry checking piston/cylinder fit Varnish cylinder walls should checked often during break-in after flight contest can checked holding cylinder up the fuselage attach horizontal stabi lizer beautifully long canopy fairing dorsal fin vertical stabilizer securing hatch use 4-40 bolt tapped maple block front combined dowel peg aft end models fuselage covered silk dope problem encoun tered silk pulled away glue joint runs length dorsal fin best overcome slitting silk doping down tightly junction gap results between silk edges juncture use resin microballoons form small fillet recommend fuselage cov ered before wing installed wing fillets added wing aligned epoxied place use epoxy resin micro-balloons form fillet Cover wing horizontal stabilizer Mono kote other heat-shrink covering sure cut form straight-edge root end Mask straight-edge well covering proceed fill finish fuselage favorite finish ing materials Acknowledgments To Frank Williams drawing plans Bill McLaw photos Hohie Steele Jack Dorman aid construction hasten add original built author model crashed mentioned earlier also acknowledge original beauti ful Shark 45 design Lou McFarland light brownish color walls indi cates varnish caused castor oil some synthetic oils remove varn ish use SOS pad best break-in procedure seems three five minutes ground running short runsi minute time best lots flying time about 30% nitro fuel small prop such Cox 4 X 4 lefthand prop fits Ive described matter judgment engine builders part So just let guide develop own method finding fits Glow plug new type glow plugs about 700 rpm faster old trumpet shape plugs because increased com pression slightly different combus tion chamber shape cone shape small squish band Some people find small gain power taking 015 020 off bottom new plugs havent danger bending connecting rod engine flooded isnt worth possible small gain record flights made stock plug 005 gas ket Fuel Ive come up basic fuel has worked well weather conditions over past two years trick synthetic oils have tried found its still necessary run some cas tor oil keep things together So can run own trick oil still run 4-5% castor oil Heres fuel used record flights 70% nitro 5% castor oil 92 Model Aviation HIGH PERFORMANCE * COMPETITION PROVEN ASK yOUR DEALER Writs Phone Aldrich Products Inc pricePO Box 1426 listMission Texas 76572 512 585-7661
Edition: Model Aviation - 1976/05
Page Numbers: 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 91, 92
Right The fuselage turned over show invert ed installation Merco 49 Air scoop portion removable Fuel loop shown filling Below Although long-nosed short coupled looking flies beautifully Flown wide range power plants will perform 45 60 Pictures Bill McCaw SEVERAL YEARS AGO designed conversion Top Flite Nobler radio control featuring coupled flaps eleva tor time seemed Jetco Shark 45 designed control-line stunter Lew McFarland would make better subject larger model thus bit suited larger engines also offered advantage being able accept slightly larger radio equipment Surprisingly Shark 45 about same size Kwik-Fli opinion much prettier model old Nob ler have enjoyed much Coupled flaps elevators RC design derived Jetco CL stunt model kit produces in-flight advantages Fred Marks 1970 made first conversion Shark 45 good friend Frank Williams drew plans en joyed quite few flights using first Enya 45 Supertigre 56 Unfortu nately birds demise came inflight switch failure occurred total lack foresight gotten around TheSharI to taking photos completed model model shown built plans least verifies accuracy plans using original kit parts wing horizontal stabilizer New wood purchased fuselage adequately powered Merco 49 engine may choose MSMY OUU 101 AAB-rn / Fl 7/E2DdIESI6 Theory Coupled Flaps Elevator build control line kit havearound 08 20 greater general presented rib patterns complete scratchmore sophisticated flaps higher buildingmaximum CL addition use lead ing edge slats and/or slots further increases maximum CL values around 28 normal application flaps full-under ideal conditions 30 achievable scale aircraft increase maximum mechanism whereby lift created lift coefficient CL wing fromby flap reshaping nominal F ma Ps F 11 1/6 SOPTjFS2 3A ssao ii K F Y4SO Epoxiura -~LLT FATF-SO 3/E13I/23E SI/AWEE r03/IS SOUlrE FEE[Fi~soN- _V3t ISH/4 S0FTSEm 4 j- --~: S 3/EA/4F1Fig 10 02 SLANT FRONT LANOSE GEARASSY MOTOR40 1960 CU RI 21/4 WA ERiE 195 MCML S AS WE R RE FifE RAMS RE ENE NUIRAL CERENUIRE MMCM ERAI WAS RRUU UT LU RAFIWAM l/5s3I/SxIDE/R2REOO- l/555l/213I/2 2FIE531434 200.F42 /43/5 MED FITFIR- ---- -2EEOO -PIEFiR- I/RASI/2*III/NI- Daft N F-l4VZdR ___ - -F2SERVO IOEJIATSP31 MOTOR P4 IFEE -l / SERVO [v32][b-1-10-1-10]]I-- PUS P19 I/ESJETLAIOCE iiiElOU-S ER CORKeD________ SE 1/49/K TESlOCK 11w -I/ LI /ISKET TOPSI OHj C3456565ETOWIEPE 4r E-RI/NUSTLSTOOE 36 Model Aviation F2E S SM OI&5PRIT...7N V2s3711 rFIZFISUEl/2I7I/R2REQOI rc 5/32 DIALERS REOOR R-O S//ARK 45 RESIRRED SO FRED U MARKS DRAWN HO FRAME & UUIAUS LE airfoil highly cambered airfoil Fig presents basic change including both flaps leading edge slats additional lift achieved penalty drag since drag coefficient CD also increases CL increases Thus large flap movements used high lift required slow speed full flaps used czz NORMAL III~c\ FIGURE 1HIGH LIrT landing addition large excursions flaps high speed cause severe buffet high structural loads Thehasic difference between normal land ing flaps coupled flaps discussed amount flap travel used use both up down deflection normal aerobatic model has fully F53 P31EPOSIUTEF 59 3/Sb VS,VZP25 VSL/4P40 v19VI S3/SIl P27 S/S3d8 ~P55137 L/55341E7 PlO FFGG37/ h h/ISSKIwoTH 50231 C11/ 40 VMPLYIZRE/i/ / LS SHEET Fi~////// I/SoilS P41511054 L4MEL 0S II fi -3 Sl32MW- 3/33 IDTUSING.111u1 111111 ACE3SERV0SW SILVER 501525 HEIUIIL...~ . - ---E--SI4INX WRAP S EPOXY TOWIS11 It0k1I0Il--011 AILEROS ISERVO 1- 0 - ----I / I/IL 7NKI 111 IiIjI W5A4rsoT 9 CET FROM I/loS ThPERSD STOCK 2 EACJ4 1 S/So I/S 9 liI ~1j \ I / iii Ti 15192 1/SPISId 2 EACH I/201-I/SHAPLE2EAI ISROOVESERILI FOR LI 59 9/ /// 01II, S VISMET VIA PLY/ ISOTTOId 2 REODIN/ I--I -I /1A K1/51/S /I5/SWRUCE4REOR I/S 5*1227 TOP S TTOSI 9 II / PI~// 0/ I11f1 ~17 May1976 37 Ij/lii 1/ //i III I f/ 1/7 f/lu ii' ii /1/ Shark symmetrical airfoil requires model fly positive angle attack generate lift see Fig 2 flat-bottomed MEAN CAMBER LINE 111H0 SYMMETRICAL ANGLE OF RELATIVE WIND IBI SEMI-SYMMETRICAL MEAN CAMBER LINE RELATIVE WINO- CI CAMBERED UP CAMBER NEUTRAL DOWN DI COUPLED-SYMMETRICALCAMBER FIGURE 2 airfoil semi-symmetrical airfoil require high angle attack ex cept during inverted flight introducing small lOl5o maximum flap deflection have in-effect created semi-symmet rical airfoil both inverted upright maneuvers flap used thusly simply provides variable camber end result considerable lift generated lower angles attack little increase drag fact added drag will become significant until flaps extended well beyond range indica ted earlier standpoint coupled flaps create unneeded lift during landing either need retracted extended fully landing approach models tested thus far flaps ailerons have occupied approxi mately equal proportions inner outer halves wing panel rela tionship also produces desirable effect lateral stability low speed model trimmed relatively slow ap proach flaps extended down few degrees places mean camber line outer wing panel relatively lower angle attack inner panel shown Fig 3 Thus tip stall de layed lateral control maintained significantly lower speeds AILERON \MEAN CAMBER OUTBOARD FLAPCAMBER LINE INBOARD FIGURE EFFECTIVE WASH-OUT PRODUCED BY FLAPS Mechanization Operation three suggested types mech anization first simple mechanical interconnect elevator flap similar control-line arrangement Fig 4 shows arrangement has advan ELEVATOR SERVOELEVATOR WING FIGURE 4MECHANIZATION FOR STRAIGHT COUPLED FIXED-WING MODELS NO DECOUPLE tage minimum weight nonremov able wing installation can used four-channel systems can also achieved aircraft removable wings electronically paralleling flap servo elevator servo via Y connector third method provides greater flexi bility requires least five-channel system slight modification transmitter Fig 5 shows modification ORIGINAL WIRES TO TRANSMITTER PC BOARD ELEVATOR STICK BAIL TYPICAL CONTROL LEVER MOVES WITH ELEVATOR BAIL 0 COUPLED POT CONTROL LEVER 0 FIGURE 5 ELECTRONIC COUPLING Timothy Marks poses Shark show rela tionship flap aileron elevator areas ship about same size Kwik-FIi made transmitters simple additions trim potenti ometer switch linkage actuate added potentiometer required Since transmitter layouts arrange ments vary widely little point describing detailed mechanization transmitters Instead general arrangement shown Fig 5 should fol lowed consists following steps 1 Attach linkage bail elevator stick can used move control lever attached shaft good quality potentiometer pot used coupled flap function ratio ele vator-pot-shaft rotation rotation shaft added pot should 41 achieved making radius link connection attached bail equal one-fourth radius lever con trolling added pot 2 Connect leads added pot existing fifth-channel pot end terminals DPDT switch Fig 5 connect common terminals switch printed circuit points fifth-channel control pot wires originally connected above completed may select positionable flaps controlled fifth-channel lever coupled flaps con trolled movement elevator stick ratio one-fourth movement elevator servo reason will become apparent little later Setup flap servo illustrated Fig 6 desirable have flap travel l0-l5 about neutral coupled opera-FULL ON 30 ON FLAP FIGURE 6FLAP SET UP ELECTRONIC COUPLING tion Flap travel should neutral around 400 down landing flaps achieved follows coupled flaps selected rotate shaft added potentiometer until servo positioned one-fourth way end full travel elevator stick neutral lock lever shaft added pot Now move elevator stick fifth-channel servo should follow reaching end full trav el over-running full down elevator given Travel new neutral fifth-channel servo should 25% full travel presents awkward linkage requirement trans mitter lower-value pot may substitu ted resistors used series end terminals new pot bring total series value 5000 ohms 2 Select positionable flaps set servo position same neutral point under 1 using fifth-channel lever Add stop fifth-channel lever prevent servo going further up flaps direction ie toward one-fourth end Full movement auxiliary lever other way will put servo full travel three-fourths end full down flaps continued page 91 May1976 39 Equipment bay Ace R/C 14G23 three servo block B receiver aileron servo hidden beneath C throttle servoFULL UP 1FII...loo UFFLAF 80% NEUTRAL 60% 100 ON FLAP Below Flap-elevator mixer depicted modifi cation Kraft two-channel brick mixer ele vator pushrod B flap pushrod Mixer parallel arms Cl must lengthened 0 rudder nose-wheel ateering servo arm KRAFT IAT L4 4 #4 de4 6th Annual pcs Pre-Season Radio System Check-up December 151975April 301976 FULL TIME TECHNICIANS FACTORY TRAINED ST TEST EQUIPMENT NEW MODERN SHOP ONLY GENUINE FACTORY PARTS SFACTION GUARANTEED KPRESEA SOAT SPECIAL ONLY $2695 plus post aqe Perform Transmitter Battery Load Check Perform Transmitter Crystal Frequency Count Perform Receiver Battery Load Check Check Battery Charging Circuit Tune Transmitter R F Check Receiver Sensitivity & Adjust 9diae4 Align Receiver RF IF Stages Check Receiver Logic Align Transmitter Encoder Check Servo Stalled Motor Current Repair parts additional Check Servo Mechanics Adjust Servo Centering Perform System Servo Noise Check Shock Test Complete Airhorne System Range Check System System Flight Test Necessary 7Ocee Kraft Great Lakes Inc 6787 Wales Ave PO Box 2182 North CantonOhio 11720 /t Jack Yarger 216 199-8310 BankAmericard Master Charge Welcome Shark/Marks continued page 39 desirable modify trans mitter satisfactory coupling may achieved mechanically airplane Fig 7 illustrates arrangement schematical ~j7 FIGURE 7 MECHANICAL COUPLING ly Fig 8 accompanying photos recent Shark 45 show three mechanizations used limitation difficulty encountered getting proper relationship throw rotary output servos used can overcome easily trouble taken construct sliding connecting bar shown Fig 8 -O ROTAFY OUTPUT o UT 5 RACK FIGURE 8 EXAMPLE MEcHANIZATIONS MEcHANICAL cOUPLING chooses use commercial mixer shown photos Regardless mechanization used ground rules apply operation coupled flaps elevators deter mined empirically optimum ratio elevator/flap travel will differ air plane design plane may use equal travel another ratio of4l always elevator optimum ratio will depend CG location moment arms surface area weight etc has experi ence flap area should equal 10% elevator area Flap chord should 20 25% total wing chord including flap chord sug gested proper travel ratio deter mined follows Start ratio 41 perhaps 61 eg 5U flap 300 elevator decrease ratio increments low 11 necessary ie. 30U flaps 300 elevator limitation will point nonlinear response met and/or failure obtain clean spin entry Remem ber amount flap travel does have maximized small amount asset CG located essentially same point conventional configuration about 25-30% wing chord excluding flaps means will about 20-25% total chord sures stable model minimum floating tendencies permits model spun readily longer rudder moment arm flap cross section Shark 45 sheet balsa no taper Only slight rounding trailing edge used Thus entire airfoil cross section still symmetrical reflexed both top bottom Results has found use coupled elevators flaps provides smoother pitch maneuvering 2 enhanced lateral stability thus bit difficulty achieving spins coupled 3 signifi cantly enhanced landing characteristics 4 no noticeable cross-coupling lateral directional control Two negative results encountered easily overcome introducing ability position flaps well coupling Landings flaps coupled flight maneuvering ie U de flection causes floating during landing overcome extending flaps 3040U landing As mentioned earlier stall spin entry bit difficult overcome neutralizing flaps spins using rudder deflection Shark 45 RC flies beautifully striking flight didnt choose install retractable gear plenty space warning regard flying model take-offs dont need should made flaps May1976 91 * THIN RIGID BLADES OF HARD MAPLE WOOD * SUPERBLY FINISHED COMPLETELY FUEL PROOF SPECIAL PRO SERIES 2 FOR RC-FREE FLIGHT CONTROL LINE DIA 5 6 7 9 10 10 11 11 1 1 12 12 13 14 15 16 FITCH 3 3 3/3h 4 3% 456 4 6 7 7 4 66W 7 8W 6EW 45WS67 7 6EW 6 7 6 5W 56 56 5 4 W WIDE BLADE *EW EXTRA WIDE ALL NEW SERIES 400 B FOR SPEED & RACING HEW ADVANCED DESIGN TERRIFIC INCREASE IN THRUST & SPEED LEADING SFEED RECORD HOLDER 72 73 74 DIA FIlCH 467 45 5 678th 7566N7 10 11 5899N 8777 977/a7% 1313 N NARROW Now available George Aldrichs personal formula Magnum Glow Fuels made finest quelity castor synthetic oils blended purest methanol end nitromethene available Exclusive additives combine excesstional film strengsh hi-load carrying anti-wear propevties rust & corrosion prevention clean cool low varnish fuel variety totally compatible Nitro blends available GSa Gals Drumi power competition demands Magnum Racing Glow Piugs Long & Short Reach Idesi F-i Pylon & OM Racing Bonafide dealer inquiries invited write phone BG&H speed Ream sets new AMA speed record Magnum Glow Plugs Oct 1B7B173 MPH * Fat 3511-32B Shark continued extended landing position attempt resulted liftoff after just 10 ft roll requirement full right rudder prevent auger-in Land ings soft easy no tendency float flaps moved landing position least 25 no 300 Attempts land flaps Cou pled ie travel 150 results floating flaps set 250 calm air have demonstrated stable approach smooth touchdown 200 ft out hands completely off transmitter like things different exciting will enjoy Shark 45 RC Construction Because exactly beginners model wont present step-by-step structions wood parts identified coded plan recon struct kit raw materials can mark parts felt-tip pen easy finding build wing built exactly per plans However dont use control line plans since wing panel rib hay longer other will look funny youll also get bad roll trim plans show forward fuselage doublers laminated several layers balsa may choose use single thicker piece say 3/8 taper shown aft end Complete Eagle I/Wade continued page 22 Piston/Cylinder The modification seems good changing bypass timing depth see sketch height outside bypass grooves should raised 305 down glow plug shelf Leave middle groove alone depth outside grooves should 486 measured diagonally Again leave middle groove alone because its already too deep should done mill end end mill dont have access mill Dremel moto tool /s carbide cutter will job ball socket area Cox engines should checked 003 play ball socket should re-set Dale Kim tool After engine broken ready run 70% nitro ball socket shouldnt have re-set still check occasionally Piston/cylinder fit very critical top performance new piston/cylinder should set up piston will slide up cylinder about 1/32 above glow-plug shelfbefore sticks After its brokenin should increase about 1/16-3/32 above glow-plug shelf parts should dry checking piston/cylinder fit Varnish cylinder walls should checked often during break-in after flight contest can checked holding cylinder up the fuselage attach horizontal stabi lizer beautifully long canopy fairing dorsal fin vertical stabilizer securing hatch use 4-40 bolt tapped maple block front combined dowel peg aft end models fuselage covered silk dope problem encoun tered silk pulled away glue joint runs length dorsal fin best overcome slitting silk doping down tightly junction gap results between silk edges juncture use resin microballoons form small fillet recommend fuselage cov ered before wing installed wing fillets added wing aligned epoxied place use epoxy resin micro-balloons form fillet Cover wing horizontal stabilizer Mono kote other heat-shrink covering sure cut form straight-edge root end Mask straight-edge well covering proceed fill finish fuselage favorite finish ing materials Acknowledgments To Frank Williams drawing plans Bill McLaw photos Hohie Steele Jack Dorman aid construction hasten add original built author model crashed mentioned earlier also acknowledge original beauti ful Shark 45 design Lou McFarland light brownish color walls indi cates varnish caused castor oil some synthetic oils remove varn ish use SOS pad best break-in procedure seems three five minutes ground running short runsi minute time best lots flying time about 30% nitro fuel small prop such Cox 4 X 4 lefthand prop fits Ive described matter judgment engine builders part So just let guide develop own method finding fits Glow plug new type glow plugs about 700 rpm faster old trumpet shape plugs because increased com pression slightly different combus tion chamber shape cone shape small squish band Some people find small gain power taking 015 020 off bottom new plugs havent danger bending connecting rod engine flooded isnt worth possible small gain record flights made stock plug 005 gas ket Fuel Ive come up basic fuel has worked well weather conditions over past two years trick synthetic oils have tried found its still necessary run some cas tor oil keep things together So can run own trick oil still run 4-5% castor oil Heres fuel used record flights 70% nitro 5% castor oil 92 Model Aviation HIGH PERFORMANCE * COMPETITION PROVEN ASK yOUR DEALER Writs Phone Aldrich Products Inc pricePO Box 1426 listMission Texas 76572 512 585-7661
Edition: Model Aviation - 1976/05
Page Numbers: 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 91, 92
Right The fuselage turned over show invert ed installation Merco 49 Air scoop portion removable Fuel loop shown filling Below Although long-nosed short coupled looking flies beautifully Flown wide range power plants will perform 45 60 Pictures Bill McCaw SEVERAL YEARS AGO designed conversion Top Flite Nobler radio control featuring coupled flaps eleva tor time seemed Jetco Shark 45 designed control-line stunter Lew McFarland would make better subject larger model thus bit suited larger engines also offered advantage being able accept slightly larger radio equipment Surprisingly Shark 45 about same size Kwik-Fli opinion much prettier model old Nob ler have enjoyed much Coupled flaps elevators RC design derived Jetco CL stunt model kit produces in-flight advantages Fred Marks 1970 made first conversion Shark 45 good friend Frank Williams drew plans en joyed quite few flights using first Enya 45 Supertigre 56 Unfortu nately birds demise came inflight switch failure occurred total lack foresight gotten around TheSharI to taking photos completed model model shown built plans least verifies accuracy plans using original kit parts wing horizontal stabilizer New wood purchased fuselage adequately powered Merco 49 engine may choose MSMY OUU 101 AAB-rn / Fl 7/E2DdIESI6 Theory Coupled Flaps Elevator build control line kit havearound 08 20 greater general presented rib patterns complete scratchmore sophisticated flaps higher buildingmaximum CL addition use lead ing edge slats and/or slots further increases maximum CL values around 28 normal application flaps full-under ideal conditions 30 achievable scale aircraft increase maximum mechanism whereby lift created lift coefficient CL wing fromby flap reshaping nominal F ma Ps F 11 1/6 SOPTjFS2 3A ssao ii K F Y4SO Epoxiura -~LLT FATF-SO 3/E13I/23E SI/AWEE r03/IS SOUlrE FEE[Fi~soN- _V3t ISH/4 S0FTSEm 4 j- --~: S 3/EA/4F1Fig 10 02 SLANT FRONT LANOSE GEARASSY MOTOR40 1960 CU RI 21/4 WA ERiE 195 MCML S AS WE R RE FifE RAMS RE ENE NUIRAL CERENUIRE MMCM ERAI WAS RRUU UT LU RAFIWAM l/5s3I/SxIDE/R2REOO- l/555l/213I/2 2FIE531434 200.F42 /43/5 MED FITFIR- ---- -2EEOO -PIEFiR- I/RASI/2*III/NI- Daft N F-l4VZdR ___ - -F2SERVO IOEJIATSP31 MOTOR P4 IFEE -l / SERVO [v32][b-1-10-1-10]]I-- PUS P19 I/ESJETLAIOCE iiiElOU-S ER CORKeD________ SE 1/49/K TESlOCK 11w -I/ LI /ISKET TOPSI OHj C3456565ETOWIEPE 4r E-RI/NUSTLSTOOE 36 Model Aviation F2E S SM OI&5PRIT...7N V2s3711 rFIZFISUEl/2I7I/R2REQOI rc 5/32 DIALERS REOOR R-O S//ARK 45 RESIRRED SO FRED U MARKS DRAWN HO FRAME & UUIAUS LE airfoil highly cambered airfoil Fig presents basic change including both flaps leading edge slats additional lift achieved penalty drag since drag coefficient CD also increases CL increases Thus large flap movements used high lift required slow speed full flaps used czz NORMAL III~c\ FIGURE 1HIGH LIrT landing addition large excursions flaps high speed cause severe buffet high structural loads Thehasic difference between normal land ing flaps coupled flaps discussed amount flap travel used use both up down deflection normal aerobatic model has fully F53 P31EPOSIUTEF 59 3/Sb VS,VZP25 VSL/4P40 v19VI S3/SIl P27 S/S3d8 ~P55137 L/55341E7 PlO FFGG37/ h h/ISSKIwoTH 50231 C11/ 40 VMPLYIZRE/i/ / LS SHEET Fi~////// I/SoilS P41511054 L4MEL 0S II fi -3 Sl32MW- 3/33 IDTUSING.111u1 111111 ACE3SERV0SW SILVER 501525 HEIUIIL...~ . - ---E--SI4INX WRAP S EPOXY TOWIS11 It0k1I0Il--011 AILEROS ISERVO 1- 0 - ----I / I/IL 7NKI 111 IiIjI W5A4rsoT 9 CET FROM I/loS ThPERSD STOCK 2 EACJ4 1 S/So I/S 9 liI ~1j \ I / iii Ti 15192 1/SPISId 2 EACH I/201-I/SHAPLE2EAI ISROOVESERILI FOR LI 59 9/ /// 01II, S VISMET VIA PLY/ ISOTTOId 2 REODIN/ I--I -I /1A K1/51/S /I5/SWRUCE4REOR I/S 5*1227 TOP S TTOSI 9 II / PI~// 0/ I11f1 ~17 May1976 37 Ij/lii 1/ //i III I f/ 1/7 f/lu ii' ii /1/ Shark symmetrical airfoil requires model fly positive angle attack generate lift see Fig 2 flat-bottomed MEAN CAMBER LINE 111H0 SYMMETRICAL ANGLE OF RELATIVE WIND IBI SEMI-SYMMETRICAL MEAN CAMBER LINE RELATIVE WINO- CI CAMBERED UP CAMBER NEUTRAL DOWN DI COUPLED-SYMMETRICALCAMBER FIGURE 2 airfoil semi-symmetrical airfoil require high angle attack ex cept during inverted flight introducing small lOl5o maximum flap deflection have in-effect created semi-symmet rical airfoil both inverted upright maneuvers flap used thusly simply provides variable camber end result considerable lift generated lower angles attack little increase drag fact added drag will become significant until flaps extended well beyond range indica ted earlier standpoint coupled flaps create unneeded lift during landing either need retracted extended fully landing approach models tested thus far flaps ailerons have occupied approxi mately equal proportions inner outer halves wing panel rela tionship also produces desirable effect lateral stability low speed model trimmed relatively slow ap proach flaps extended down few degrees places mean camber line outer wing panel relatively lower angle attack inner panel shown Fig 3 Thus tip stall de layed lateral control maintained significantly lower speeds AILERON \MEAN CAMBER OUTBOARD FLAPCAMBER LINE INBOARD FIGURE EFFECTIVE WASH-OUT PRODUCED BY FLAPS Mechanization Operation three suggested types mech anization first simple mechanical interconnect elevator flap similar control-line arrangement Fig 4 shows arrangement has advan ELEVATOR SERVOELEVATOR WING FIGURE 4MECHANIZATION FOR STRAIGHT COUPLED FIXED-WING MODELS NO DECOUPLE tage minimum weight nonremov able wing installation can used four-channel systems can also achieved aircraft removable wings electronically paralleling flap servo elevator servo via Y connector third method provides greater flexi bility requires least five-channel system slight modification transmitter Fig 5 shows modification ORIGINAL WIRES TO TRANSMITTER PC BOARD ELEVATOR STICK BAIL TYPICAL CONTROL LEVER MOVES WITH ELEVATOR BAIL 0 COUPLED POT CONTROL LEVER 0 FIGURE 5 ELECTRONIC COUPLING Timothy Marks poses Shark show rela tionship flap aileron elevator areas ship about same size Kwik-FIi made transmitters simple additions trim potenti ometer switch linkage actuate added potentiometer required Since transmitter layouts arrange ments vary widely little point describing detailed mechanization transmitters Instead general arrangement shown Fig 5 should fol lowed consists following steps 1 Attach linkage bail elevator stick can used move control lever attached shaft good quality potentiometer pot used coupled flap function ratio ele vator-pot-shaft rotation rotation shaft added pot should 41 achieved making radius link connection attached bail equal one-fourth radius lever con trolling added pot 2 Connect leads added pot existing fifth-channel pot end terminals DPDT switch Fig 5 connect common terminals switch printed circuit points fifth-channel control pot wires originally connected above completed may select positionable flaps controlled fifth-channel lever coupled flaps con trolled movement elevator stick ratio one-fourth movement elevator servo reason will become apparent little later Setup flap servo illustrated Fig 6 desirable have flap travel l0-l5 about neutral coupled opera-FULL ON 30 ON FLAP FIGURE 6FLAP SET UP ELECTRONIC COUPLING tion Flap travel should neutral around 400 down landing flaps achieved follows coupled flaps selected rotate shaft added potentiometer until servo positioned one-fourth way end full travel elevator stick neutral lock lever shaft added pot Now move elevator stick fifth-channel servo should follow reaching end full trav el over-running full down elevator given Travel new neutral fifth-channel servo should 25% full travel presents awkward linkage requirement trans mitter lower-value pot may substitu ted resistors used series end terminals new pot bring total series value 5000 ohms 2 Select positionable flaps set servo position same neutral point under 1 using fifth-channel lever Add stop fifth-channel lever prevent servo going further up flaps direction ie toward one-fourth end Full movement auxiliary lever other way will put servo full travel three-fourths end full down flaps continued page 91 May1976 39 Equipment bay Ace R/C 14G23 three servo block B receiver aileron servo hidden beneath C throttle servoFULL UP 1FII...loo UFFLAF 80% NEUTRAL 60% 100 ON FLAP Below Flap-elevator mixer depicted modifi cation Kraft two-channel brick mixer ele vator pushrod B flap pushrod Mixer parallel arms Cl must lengthened 0 rudder nose-wheel ateering servo arm KRAFT IAT L4 4 #4 de4 6th Annual pcs Pre-Season Radio System Check-up December 151975April 301976 FULL TIME TECHNICIANS FACTORY TRAINED ST TEST EQUIPMENT NEW MODERN SHOP ONLY GENUINE FACTORY PARTS SFACTION GUARANTEED KPRESEA SOAT SPECIAL ONLY $2695 plus post aqe Perform Transmitter Battery Load Check Perform Transmitter Crystal Frequency Count Perform Receiver Battery Load Check Check Battery Charging Circuit Tune Transmitter R F Check Receiver Sensitivity & Adjust 9diae4 Align Receiver RF IF Stages Check Receiver Logic Align Transmitter Encoder Check Servo Stalled Motor Current Repair parts additional Check Servo Mechanics Adjust Servo Centering Perform System Servo Noise Check Shock Test Complete Airhorne System Range Check System System Flight Test Necessary 7Ocee Kraft Great Lakes Inc 6787 Wales Ave PO Box 2182 North CantonOhio 11720 /t Jack Yarger 216 199-8310 BankAmericard Master Charge Welcome Shark/Marks continued page 39 desirable modify trans mitter satisfactory coupling may achieved mechanically airplane Fig 7 illustrates arrangement schematical ~j7 FIGURE 7 MECHANICAL COUPLING ly Fig 8 accompanying photos recent Shark 45 show three mechanizations used limitation difficulty encountered getting proper relationship throw rotary output servos used can overcome easily trouble taken construct sliding connecting bar shown Fig 8 -O ROTAFY OUTPUT o UT 5 RACK FIGURE 8 EXAMPLE MEcHANIZATIONS MEcHANICAL cOUPLING chooses use commercial mixer shown photos Regardless mechanization used ground rules apply operation coupled flaps elevators deter mined empirically optimum ratio elevator/flap travel will differ air plane design plane may use equal travel another ratio of4l always elevator optimum ratio will depend CG location moment arms surface area weight etc has experi ence flap area should equal 10% elevator area Flap chord should 20 25% total wing chord including flap chord sug gested proper travel ratio deter mined follows Start ratio 41 perhaps 61 eg 5U flap 300 elevator decrease ratio increments low 11 necessary ie. 30U flaps 300 elevator limitation will point nonlinear response met and/or failure obtain clean spin entry Remem ber amount flap travel does have maximized small amount asset CG located essentially same point conventional configuration about 25-30% wing chord excluding flaps means will about 20-25% total chord sures stable model minimum floating tendencies permits model spun readily longer rudder moment arm flap cross section Shark 45 sheet balsa no taper Only slight rounding trailing edge used Thus entire airfoil cross section still symmetrical reflexed both top bottom Results has found use coupled elevators flaps provides smoother pitch maneuvering 2 enhanced lateral stability thus bit difficulty achieving spins coupled 3 signifi cantly enhanced landing characteristics 4 no noticeable cross-coupling lateral directional control Two negative results encountered easily overcome introducing ability position flaps well coupling Landings flaps coupled flight maneuvering ie U de flection causes floating during landing overcome extending flaps 3040U landing As mentioned earlier stall spin entry bit difficult overcome neutralizing flaps spins using rudder deflection Shark 45 RC flies beautifully striking flight didnt choose install retractable gear plenty space warning regard flying model take-offs dont need should made flaps May1976 91 * THIN RIGID BLADES OF HARD MAPLE WOOD * SUPERBLY FINISHED COMPLETELY FUEL PROOF SPECIAL PRO SERIES 2 FOR RC-FREE FLIGHT CONTROL LINE DIA 5 6 7 9 10 10 11 11 1 1 12 12 13 14 15 16 FITCH 3 3 3/3h 4 3% 456 4 6 7 7 4 66W 7 8W 6EW 45WS67 7 6EW 6 7 6 5W 56 56 5 4 W WIDE BLADE *EW EXTRA WIDE ALL NEW SERIES 400 B FOR SPEED & RACING HEW ADVANCED DESIGN TERRIFIC INCREASE IN THRUST & SPEED LEADING SFEED RECORD HOLDER 72 73 74 DIA FIlCH 467 45 5 678th 7566N7 10 11 5899N 8777 977/a7% 1313 N NARROW Now available George Aldrichs personal formula Magnum Glow Fuels made finest quelity castor synthetic oils blended purest methanol end nitromethene available Exclusive additives combine excesstional film strengsh hi-load carrying anti-wear propevties rust & corrosion prevention clean cool low varnish fuel variety totally compatible Nitro blends available GSa Gals Drumi power competition demands Magnum Racing Glow Piugs Long & Short Reach Idesi F-i Pylon & OM Racing Bonafide dealer inquiries invited write phone BG&H speed Ream sets new AMA speed record Magnum Glow Plugs Oct 1B7B173 MPH * Fat 3511-32B Shark continued extended landing position attempt resulted liftoff after just 10 ft roll requirement full right rudder prevent auger-in Land ings soft easy no tendency float flaps moved landing position least 25 no 300 Attempts land flaps Cou pled ie travel 150 results floating flaps set 250 calm air have demonstrated stable approach smooth touchdown 200 ft out hands completely off transmitter like things different exciting will enjoy Shark 45 RC Construction Because exactly beginners model wont present step-by-step structions wood parts identified coded plan recon struct kit raw materials can mark parts felt-tip pen easy finding build wing built exactly per plans However dont use control line plans since wing panel rib hay longer other will look funny youll also get bad roll trim plans show forward fuselage doublers laminated several layers balsa may choose use single thicker piece say 3/8 taper shown aft end Complete Eagle I/Wade continued page 22 Piston/Cylinder The modification seems good changing bypass timing depth see sketch height outside bypass grooves should raised 305 down glow plug shelf Leave middle groove alone depth outside grooves should 486 measured diagonally Again leave middle groove alone because its already too deep should done mill end end mill dont have access mill Dremel moto tool /s carbide cutter will job ball socket area Cox engines should checked 003 play ball socket should re-set Dale Kim tool After engine broken ready run 70% nitro ball socket shouldnt have re-set still check occasionally Piston/cylinder fit very critical top performance new piston/cylinder should set up piston will slide up cylinder about 1/32 above glow-plug shelfbefore sticks After its brokenin should increase about 1/16-3/32 above glow-plug shelf parts should dry checking piston/cylinder fit Varnish cylinder walls should checked often during break-in after flight contest can checked holding cylinder up the fuselage attach horizontal stabi lizer beautifully long canopy fairing dorsal fin vertical stabilizer securing hatch use 4-40 bolt tapped maple block front combined dowel peg aft end models fuselage covered silk dope problem encoun tered silk pulled away glue joint runs length dorsal fin best overcome slitting silk doping down tightly junction gap results between silk edges juncture use resin microballoons form small fillet recommend fuselage cov ered before wing installed wing fillets added wing aligned epoxied place use epoxy resin micro-balloons form fillet Cover wing horizontal stabilizer Mono kote other heat-shrink covering sure cut form straight-edge root end Mask straight-edge well covering proceed fill finish fuselage favorite finish ing materials Acknowledgments To Frank Williams drawing plans Bill McLaw photos Hohie Steele Jack Dorman aid construction hasten add original built author model crashed mentioned earlier also acknowledge original beauti ful Shark 45 design Lou McFarland light brownish color walls indi cates varnish caused castor oil some synthetic oils remove varn ish use SOS pad best break-in procedure seems three five minutes ground running short runsi minute time best lots flying time about 30% nitro fuel small prop such Cox 4 X 4 lefthand prop fits Ive described matter judgment engine builders part So just let guide develop own method finding fits Glow plug new type glow plugs about 700 rpm faster old trumpet shape plugs because increased com pression slightly different combus tion chamber shape cone shape small squish band Some people find small gain power taking 015 020 off bottom new plugs havent danger bending connecting rod engine flooded isnt worth possible small gain record flights made stock plug 005 gas ket Fuel Ive come up basic fuel has worked well weather conditions over past two years trick synthetic oils have tried found its still necessary run some cas tor oil keep things together So can run own trick oil still run 4-5% castor oil Heres fuel used record flights 70% nitro 5% castor oil 92 Model Aviation HIGH PERFORMANCE * COMPETITION PROVEN ASK yOUR DEALER Writs Phone Aldrich Products Inc pricePO Box 1426 listMission Texas 76572 512 585-7661
Edition: Model Aviation - 1976/05
Page Numbers: 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 91, 92
Right The fuselage turned over show invert ed installation Merco 49 Air scoop portion removable Fuel loop shown filling Below Although long-nosed short coupled looking flies beautifully Flown wide range power plants will perform 45 60 Pictures Bill McCaw SEVERAL YEARS AGO designed conversion Top Flite Nobler radio control featuring coupled flaps eleva tor time seemed Jetco Shark 45 designed control-line stunter Lew McFarland would make better subject larger model thus bit suited larger engines also offered advantage being able accept slightly larger radio equipment Surprisingly Shark 45 about same size Kwik-Fli opinion much prettier model old Nob ler have enjoyed much Coupled flaps elevators RC design derived Jetco CL stunt model kit produces in-flight advantages Fred Marks 1970 made first conversion Shark 45 good friend Frank Williams drew plans en joyed quite few flights using first Enya 45 Supertigre 56 Unfortu nately birds demise came inflight switch failure occurred total lack foresight gotten around TheSharI to taking photos completed model model shown built plans least verifies accuracy plans using original kit parts wing horizontal stabilizer New wood purchased fuselage adequately powered Merco 49 engine may choose MSMY OUU 101 AAB-rn / Fl 7/E2DdIESI6 Theory Coupled Flaps Elevator build control line kit havearound 08 20 greater general presented rib patterns complete scratchmore sophisticated flaps higher buildingmaximum CL addition use lead ing edge slats and/or slots further increases maximum CL values around 28 normal application flaps full-under ideal conditions 30 achievable scale aircraft increase maximum mechanism whereby lift created lift coefficient CL wing fromby flap reshaping nominal F ma Ps F 11 1/6 SOPTjFS2 3A ssao ii K F Y4SO Epoxiura -~LLT FATF-SO 3/E13I/23E SI/AWEE r03/IS SOUlrE FEE[Fi~soN- _V3t ISH/4 S0FTSEm 4 j- --~: S 3/EA/4F1Fig 10 02 SLANT FRONT LANOSE GEARASSY MOTOR40 1960 CU RI 21/4 WA ERiE 195 MCML S AS WE R RE FifE RAMS RE ENE NUIRAL CERENUIRE MMCM ERAI WAS RRUU UT LU RAFIWAM l/5s3I/SxIDE/R2REOO- l/555l/213I/2 2FIE531434 200.F42 /43/5 MED FITFIR- ---- -2EEOO -PIEFiR- I/RASI/2*III/NI- Daft N F-l4VZdR ___ - -F2SERVO IOEJIATSP31 MOTOR P4 IFEE -l / SERVO [v32][b-1-10-1-10]]I-- PUS P19 I/ESJETLAIOCE iiiElOU-S ER CORKeD________ SE 1/49/K TESlOCK 11w -I/ LI /ISKET TOPSI OHj C3456565ETOWIEPE 4r E-RI/NUSTLSTOOE 36 Model Aviation F2E S SM OI&5PRIT...7N V2s3711 rFIZFISUEl/2I7I/R2REQOI rc 5/32 DIALERS REOOR R-O S//ARK 45 RESIRRED SO FRED U MARKS DRAWN HO FRAME & UUIAUS LE airfoil highly cambered airfoil Fig presents basic change including both flaps leading edge slats additional lift achieved penalty drag since drag coefficient CD also increases CL increases Thus large flap movements used high lift required slow speed full flaps used czz NORMAL III~c\ FIGURE 1HIGH LIrT landing addition large excursions flaps high speed cause severe buffet high structural loads Thehasic difference between normal land ing flaps coupled flaps discussed amount flap travel used use both up down deflection normal aerobatic model has fully F53 P31EPOSIUTEF 59 3/Sb VS,VZP25 VSL/4P40 v19VI S3/SIl P27 S/S3d8 ~P55137 L/55341E7 PlO FFGG37/ h h/ISSKIwoTH 50231 C11/ 40 VMPLYIZRE/i/ / LS SHEET Fi~////// I/SoilS P41511054 L4MEL 0S II fi -3 Sl32MW- 3/33 IDTUSING.111u1 111111 ACE3SERV0SW SILVER 501525 HEIUIIL...~ . - ---E--SI4INX WRAP S EPOXY TOWIS11 It0k1I0Il--011 AILEROS ISERVO 1- 0 - ----I / I/IL 7NKI 111 IiIjI W5A4rsoT 9 CET FROM I/loS ThPERSD STOCK 2 EACJ4 1 S/So I/S 9 liI ~1j \ I / iii Ti 15192 1/SPISId 2 EACH I/201-I/SHAPLE2EAI ISROOVESERILI FOR LI 59 9/ /// 01II, S VISMET VIA PLY/ ISOTTOId 2 REODIN/ I--I -I /1A K1/51/S /I5/SWRUCE4REOR I/S 5*1227 TOP S TTOSI 9 II / PI~// 0/ I11f1 ~17 May1976 37 Ij/lii 1/ //i III I f/ 1/7 f/lu ii' ii /1/ Shark symmetrical airfoil requires model fly positive angle attack generate lift see Fig 2 flat-bottomed MEAN CAMBER LINE 111H0 SYMMETRICAL ANGLE OF RELATIVE WIND IBI SEMI-SYMMETRICAL MEAN CAMBER LINE RELATIVE WINO- CI CAMBERED UP CAMBER NEUTRAL DOWN DI COUPLED-SYMMETRICALCAMBER FIGURE 2 airfoil semi-symmetrical airfoil require high angle attack ex cept during inverted flight introducing small lOl5o maximum flap deflection have in-effect created semi-symmet rical airfoil both inverted upright maneuvers flap used thusly simply provides variable camber end result considerable lift generated lower angles attack little increase drag fact added drag will become significant until flaps extended well beyond range indica ted earlier standpoint coupled flaps create unneeded lift during landing either need retracted extended fully landing approach models tested thus far flaps ailerons have occupied approxi mately equal proportions inner outer halves wing panel rela tionship also produces desirable effect lateral stability low speed model trimmed relatively slow ap proach flaps extended down few degrees places mean camber line outer wing panel relatively lower angle attack inner panel shown Fig 3 Thus tip stall de layed lateral control maintained significantly lower speeds AILERON \MEAN CAMBER OUTBOARD FLAPCAMBER LINE INBOARD FIGURE EFFECTIVE WASH-OUT PRODUCED BY FLAPS Mechanization Operation three suggested types mech anization first simple mechanical interconnect elevator flap similar control-line arrangement Fig 4 shows arrangement has advan ELEVATOR SERVOELEVATOR WING FIGURE 4MECHANIZATION FOR STRAIGHT COUPLED FIXED-WING MODELS NO DECOUPLE tage minimum weight nonremov able wing installation can used four-channel systems can also achieved aircraft removable wings electronically paralleling flap servo elevator servo via Y connector third method provides greater flexi bility requires least five-channel system slight modification transmitter Fig 5 shows modification ORIGINAL WIRES TO TRANSMITTER PC BOARD ELEVATOR STICK BAIL TYPICAL CONTROL LEVER MOVES WITH ELEVATOR BAIL 0 COUPLED POT CONTROL LEVER 0 FIGURE 5 ELECTRONIC COUPLING Timothy Marks poses Shark show rela tionship flap aileron elevator areas ship about same size Kwik-FIi made transmitters simple additions trim potenti ometer switch linkage actuate added potentiometer required Since transmitter layouts arrange ments vary widely little point describing detailed mechanization transmitters Instead general arrangement shown Fig 5 should fol lowed consists following steps 1 Attach linkage bail elevator stick can used move control lever attached shaft good quality potentiometer pot used coupled flap function ratio ele vator-pot-shaft rotation rotation shaft added pot should 41 achieved making radius link connection attached bail equal one-fourth radius lever con trolling added pot 2 Connect leads added pot existing fifth-channel pot end terminals DPDT switch Fig 5 connect common terminals switch printed circuit points fifth-channel control pot wires originally connected above completed may select positionable flaps controlled fifth-channel lever coupled flaps con trolled movement elevator stick ratio one-fourth movement elevator servo reason will become apparent little later Setup flap servo illustrated Fig 6 desirable have flap travel l0-l5 about neutral coupled opera-FULL ON 30 ON FLAP FIGURE 6FLAP SET UP ELECTRONIC COUPLING tion Flap travel should neutral around 400 down landing flaps achieved follows coupled flaps selected rotate shaft added potentiometer until servo positioned one-fourth way end full travel elevator stick neutral lock lever shaft added pot Now move elevator stick fifth-channel servo should follow reaching end full trav el over-running full down elevator given Travel new neutral fifth-channel servo should 25% full travel presents awkward linkage requirement trans mitter lower-value pot may substitu ted resistors used series end terminals new pot bring total series value 5000 ohms 2 Select positionable flaps set servo position same neutral point under 1 using fifth-channel lever Add stop fifth-channel lever prevent servo going further up flaps direction ie toward one-fourth end Full movement auxiliary lever other way will put servo full travel three-fourths end full down flaps continued page 91 May1976 39 Equipment bay Ace R/C 14G23 three servo block B receiver aileron servo hidden beneath C throttle servoFULL UP 1FII...loo UFFLAF 80% NEUTRAL 60% 100 ON FLAP Below Flap-elevator mixer depicted modifi cation Kraft two-channel brick mixer ele vator pushrod B flap pushrod Mixer parallel arms Cl must lengthened 0 rudder nose-wheel ateering servo arm KRAFT IAT L4 4 #4 de4 6th Annual pcs Pre-Season Radio System Check-up December 151975April 301976 FULL TIME TECHNICIANS FACTORY TRAINED ST TEST EQUIPMENT NEW MODERN SHOP ONLY GENUINE FACTORY PARTS SFACTION GUARANTEED KPRESEA SOAT SPECIAL ONLY $2695 plus post aqe Perform Transmitter Battery Load Check Perform Transmitter Crystal Frequency Count Perform Receiver Battery Load Check Check Battery Charging Circuit Tune Transmitter R F Check Receiver Sensitivity & Adjust 9diae4 Align Receiver RF IF Stages Check Receiver Logic Align Transmitter Encoder Check Servo Stalled Motor Current Repair parts additional Check Servo Mechanics Adjust Servo Centering Perform System Servo Noise Check Shock Test Complete Airhorne System Range Check System System Flight Test Necessary 7Ocee Kraft Great Lakes Inc 6787 Wales Ave PO Box 2182 North CantonOhio 11720 /t Jack Yarger 216 199-8310 BankAmericard Master Charge Welcome Shark/Marks continued page 39 desirable modify trans mitter satisfactory coupling may achieved mechanically airplane Fig 7 illustrates arrangement schematical ~j7 FIGURE 7 MECHANICAL COUPLING ly Fig 8 accompanying photos recent Shark 45 show three mechanizations used limitation difficulty encountered getting proper relationship throw rotary output servos used can overcome easily trouble taken construct sliding connecting bar shown Fig 8 -O ROTAFY OUTPUT o UT 5 RACK FIGURE 8 EXAMPLE MEcHANIZATIONS MEcHANICAL cOUPLING chooses use commercial mixer shown photos Regardless mechanization used ground rules apply operation coupled flaps elevators deter mined empirically optimum ratio elevator/flap travel will differ air plane design plane may use equal travel another ratio of4l always elevator optimum ratio will depend CG location moment arms surface area weight etc has experi ence flap area should equal 10% elevator area Flap chord should 20 25% total wing chord including flap chord sug gested proper travel ratio deter mined follows Start ratio 41 perhaps 61 eg 5U flap 300 elevator decrease ratio increments low 11 necessary ie. 30U flaps 300 elevator limitation will point nonlinear response met and/or failure obtain clean spin entry Remem ber amount flap travel does have maximized small amount asset CG located essentially same point conventional configuration about 25-30% wing chord excluding flaps means will about 20-25% total chord sures stable model minimum floating tendencies permits model spun readily longer rudder moment arm flap cross section Shark 45 sheet balsa no taper Only slight rounding trailing edge used Thus entire airfoil cross section still symmetrical reflexed both top bottom Results has found use coupled elevators flaps provides smoother pitch maneuvering 2 enhanced lateral stability thus bit difficulty achieving spins coupled 3 signifi cantly enhanced landing characteristics 4 no noticeable cross-coupling lateral directional control Two negative results encountered easily overcome introducing ability position flaps well coupling Landings flaps coupled flight maneuvering ie U de flection causes floating during landing overcome extending flaps 3040U landing As mentioned earlier stall spin entry bit difficult overcome neutralizing flaps spins using rudder deflection Shark 45 RC flies beautifully striking flight didnt choose install retractable gear plenty space warning regard flying model take-offs dont need should made flaps May1976 91 * THIN RIGID BLADES OF HARD MAPLE WOOD * SUPERBLY FINISHED COMPLETELY FUEL PROOF SPECIAL PRO SERIES 2 FOR RC-FREE FLIGHT CONTROL LINE DIA 5 6 7 9 10 10 11 11 1 1 12 12 13 14 15 16 FITCH 3 3 3/3h 4 3% 456 4 6 7 7 4 66W 7 8W 6EW 45WS67 7 6EW 6 7 6 5W 56 56 5 4 W WIDE BLADE *EW EXTRA WIDE ALL NEW SERIES 400 B FOR SPEED & RACING HEW ADVANCED DESIGN TERRIFIC INCREASE IN THRUST & SPEED LEADING SFEED RECORD HOLDER 72 73 74 DIA FIlCH 467 45 5 678th 7566N7 10 11 5899N 8777 977/a7% 1313 N NARROW Now available George Aldrichs personal formula Magnum Glow Fuels made finest quelity castor synthetic oils blended purest methanol end nitromethene available Exclusive additives combine excesstional film strengsh hi-load carrying anti-wear propevties rust & corrosion prevention clean cool low varnish fuel variety totally compatible Nitro blends available GSa Gals Drumi power competition demands Magnum Racing Glow Piugs Long & Short Reach Idesi F-i Pylon & OM Racing Bonafide dealer inquiries invited write phone BG&H speed Ream sets new AMA speed record Magnum Glow Plugs Oct 1B7B173 MPH * Fat 3511-32B Shark continued extended landing position attempt resulted liftoff after just 10 ft roll requirement full right rudder prevent auger-in Land ings soft easy no tendency float flaps moved landing position least 25 no 300 Attempts land flaps Cou pled ie travel 150 results floating flaps set 250 calm air have demonstrated stable approach smooth touchdown 200 ft out hands completely off transmitter like things different exciting will enjoy Shark 45 RC Construction Because exactly beginners model wont present step-by-step structions wood parts identified coded plan recon struct kit raw materials can mark parts felt-tip pen easy finding build wing built exactly per plans However dont use control line plans since wing panel rib hay longer other will look funny youll also get bad roll trim plans show forward fuselage doublers laminated several layers balsa may choose use single thicker piece say 3/8 taper shown aft end Complete Eagle I/Wade continued page 22 Piston/Cylinder The modification seems good changing bypass timing depth see sketch height outside bypass grooves should raised 305 down glow plug shelf Leave middle groove alone depth outside grooves should 486 measured diagonally Again leave middle groove alone because its already too deep should done mill end end mill dont have access mill Dremel moto tool /s carbide cutter will job ball socket area Cox engines should checked 003 play ball socket should re-set Dale Kim tool After engine broken ready run 70% nitro ball socket shouldnt have re-set still check occasionally Piston/cylinder fit very critical top performance new piston/cylinder should set up piston will slide up cylinder about 1/32 above glow-plug shelfbefore sticks After its brokenin should increase about 1/16-3/32 above glow-plug shelf parts should dry checking piston/cylinder fit Varnish cylinder walls should checked often during break-in after flight contest can checked holding cylinder up the fuselage attach horizontal stabi lizer beautifully long canopy fairing dorsal fin vertical stabilizer securing hatch use 4-40 bolt tapped maple block front combined dowel peg aft end models fuselage covered silk dope problem encoun tered silk pulled away glue joint runs length dorsal fin best overcome slitting silk doping down tightly junction gap results between silk edges juncture use resin microballoons form small fillet recommend fuselage cov ered before wing installed wing fillets added wing aligned epoxied place use epoxy resin micro-balloons form fillet Cover wing horizontal stabilizer Mono kote other heat-shrink covering sure cut form straight-edge root end Mask straight-edge well covering proceed fill finish fuselage favorite finish ing materials Acknowledgments To Frank Williams drawing plans Bill McLaw photos Hohie Steele Jack Dorman aid construction hasten add original built author model crashed mentioned earlier also acknowledge original beauti ful Shark 45 design Lou McFarland light brownish color walls indi cates varnish caused castor oil some synthetic oils remove varn ish use SOS pad best break-in procedure seems three five minutes ground running short runsi minute time best lots flying time about 30% nitro fuel small prop such Cox 4 X 4 lefthand prop fits Ive described matter judgment engine builders part So just let guide develop own method finding fits Glow plug new type glow plugs about 700 rpm faster old trumpet shape plugs because increased com pression slightly different combus tion chamber shape cone shape small squish band Some people find small gain power taking 015 020 off bottom new plugs havent danger bending connecting rod engine flooded isnt worth possible small gain record flights made stock plug 005 gas ket Fuel Ive come up basic fuel has worked well weather conditions over past two years trick synthetic oils have tried found its still necessary run some cas tor oil keep things together So can run own trick oil still run 4-5% castor oil Heres fuel used record flights 70% nitro 5% castor oil 92 Model Aviation HIGH PERFORMANCE * COMPETITION PROVEN ASK yOUR DEALER Writs Phone Aldrich Products Inc pricePO Box 1426 listMission Texas 76572 512 585-7661
Edition: Model Aviation - 1976/05
Page Numbers: 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 91, 92
Right The fuselage turned over show invert ed installation Merco 49 Air scoop portion removable Fuel loop shown filling Below Although long-nosed short coupled looking flies beautifully Flown wide range power plants will perform 45 60 Pictures Bill McCaw SEVERAL YEARS AGO designed conversion Top Flite Nobler radio control featuring coupled flaps eleva tor time seemed Jetco Shark 45 designed control-line stunter Lew McFarland would make better subject larger model thus bit suited larger engines also offered advantage being able accept slightly larger radio equipment Surprisingly Shark 45 about same size Kwik-Fli opinion much prettier model old Nob ler have enjoyed much Coupled flaps elevators RC design derived Jetco CL stunt model kit produces in-flight advantages Fred Marks 1970 made first conversion Shark 45 good friend Frank Williams drew plans en joyed quite few flights using first Enya 45 Supertigre 56 Unfortu nately birds demise came inflight switch failure occurred total lack foresight gotten around TheSharI to taking photos completed model model shown built plans least verifies accuracy plans using original kit parts wing horizontal stabilizer New wood purchased fuselage adequately powered Merco 49 engine may choose MSMY OUU 101 AAB-rn / Fl 7/E2DdIESI6 Theory Coupled Flaps Elevator build control line kit havearound 08 20 greater general presented rib patterns complete scratchmore sophisticated flaps higher buildingmaximum CL addition use lead ing edge slats and/or slots further increases maximum CL values around 28 normal application flaps full-under ideal conditions 30 achievable scale aircraft increase maximum mechanism whereby lift created lift coefficient CL wing fromby flap reshaping nominal F ma Ps F 11 1/6 SOPTjFS2 3A ssao ii K F Y4SO Epoxiura -~LLT FATF-SO 3/E13I/23E SI/AWEE r03/IS SOUlrE FEE[Fi~soN- _V3t ISH/4 S0FTSEm 4 j- --~: S 3/EA/4F1Fig 10 02 SLANT FRONT LANOSE GEARASSY MOTOR40 1960 CU RI 21/4 WA ERiE 195 MCML S AS WE R RE FifE RAMS RE ENE NUIRAL CERENUIRE MMCM ERAI WAS RRUU UT LU RAFIWAM l/5s3I/SxIDE/R2REOO- l/555l/213I/2 2FIE531434 200.F42 /43/5 MED FITFIR- ---- -2EEOO -PIEFiR- I/RASI/2*III/NI- Daft N F-l4VZdR ___ - -F2SERVO IOEJIATSP31 MOTOR P4 IFEE -l / SERVO [v32][b-1-10-1-10]]I-- PUS P19 I/ESJETLAIOCE iiiElOU-S ER CORKeD________ SE 1/49/K TESlOCK 11w -I/ LI /ISKET TOPSI OHj C3456565ETOWIEPE 4r E-RI/NUSTLSTOOE 36 Model Aviation F2E S SM OI&5PRIT...7N V2s3711 rFIZFISUEl/2I7I/R2REQOI rc 5/32 DIALERS REOOR R-O S//ARK 45 RESIRRED SO FRED U MARKS DRAWN HO FRAME & UUIAUS LE airfoil highly cambered airfoil Fig presents basic change including both flaps leading edge slats additional lift achieved penalty drag since drag coefficient CD also increases CL increases Thus large flap movements used high lift required slow speed full flaps used czz NORMAL III~c\ FIGURE 1HIGH LIrT landing addition large excursions flaps high speed cause severe buffet high structural loads Thehasic difference between normal land ing flaps coupled flaps discussed amount flap travel used use both up down deflection normal aerobatic model has fully F53 P31EPOSIUTEF 59 3/Sb VS,VZP25 VSL/4P40 v19VI S3/SIl P27 S/S3d8 ~P55137 L/55341E7 PlO FFGG37/ h h/ISSKIwoTH 50231 C11/ 40 VMPLYIZRE/i/ / LS SHEET Fi~////// I/SoilS P41511054 L4MEL 0S II fi -3 Sl32MW- 3/33 IDTUSING.111u1 111111 ACE3SERV0SW SILVER 501525 HEIUIIL...~ . - ---E--SI4INX WRAP S EPOXY TOWIS11 It0k1I0Il--011 AILEROS ISERVO 1- 0 - ----I / I/IL 7NKI 111 IiIjI W5A4rsoT 9 CET FROM I/loS ThPERSD STOCK 2 EACJ4 1 S/So I/S 9 liI ~1j \ I / iii Ti 15192 1/SPISId 2 EACH I/201-I/SHAPLE2EAI ISROOVESERILI FOR LI 59 9/ /// 01II, S VISMET VIA PLY/ ISOTTOId 2 REODIN/ I--I -I /1A K1/51/S /I5/SWRUCE4REOR I/S 5*1227 TOP S TTOSI 9 II / PI~// 0/ I11f1 ~17 May1976 37 Ij/lii 1/ //i III I f/ 1/7 f/lu ii' ii /1/ Shark symmetrical airfoil requires model fly positive angle attack generate lift see Fig 2 flat-bottomed MEAN CAMBER LINE 111H0 SYMMETRICAL ANGLE OF RELATIVE WIND IBI SEMI-SYMMETRICAL MEAN CAMBER LINE RELATIVE WINO- CI CAMBERED UP CAMBER NEUTRAL DOWN DI COUPLED-SYMMETRICALCAMBER FIGURE 2 airfoil semi-symmetrical airfoil require high angle attack ex cept during inverted flight introducing small lOl5o maximum flap deflection have in-effect created semi-symmet rical airfoil both inverted upright maneuvers flap used thusly simply provides variable camber end result considerable lift generated lower angles attack little increase drag fact added drag will become significant until flaps extended well beyond range indica ted earlier standpoint coupled flaps create unneeded lift during landing either need retracted extended fully landing approach models tested thus far flaps ailerons have occupied approxi mately equal proportions inner outer halves wing panel rela tionship also produces desirable effect lateral stability low speed model trimmed relatively slow ap proach flaps extended down few degrees places mean camber line outer wing panel relatively lower angle attack inner panel shown Fig 3 Thus tip stall de layed lateral control maintained significantly lower speeds AILERON \MEAN CAMBER OUTBOARD FLAPCAMBER LINE INBOARD FIGURE EFFECTIVE WASH-OUT PRODUCED BY FLAPS Mechanization Operation three suggested types mech anization first simple mechanical interconnect elevator flap similar control-line arrangement Fig 4 shows arrangement has advan ELEVATOR SERVOELEVATOR WING FIGURE 4MECHANIZATION FOR STRAIGHT COUPLED FIXED-WING MODELS NO DECOUPLE tage minimum weight nonremov able wing installation can used four-channel systems can also achieved aircraft removable wings electronically paralleling flap servo elevator servo via Y connector third method provides greater flexi bility requires least five-channel system slight modification transmitter Fig 5 shows modification ORIGINAL WIRES TO TRANSMITTER PC BOARD ELEVATOR STICK BAIL TYPICAL CONTROL LEVER MOVES WITH ELEVATOR BAIL 0 COUPLED POT CONTROL LEVER 0 FIGURE 5 ELECTRONIC COUPLING Timothy Marks poses Shark show rela tionship flap aileron elevator areas ship about same size Kwik-FIi made transmitters simple additions trim potenti ometer switch linkage actuate added potentiometer required Since transmitter layouts arrange ments vary widely little point describing detailed mechanization transmitters Instead general arrangement shown Fig 5 should fol lowed consists following steps 1 Attach linkage bail elevator stick can used move control lever attached shaft good quality potentiometer pot used coupled flap function ratio ele vator-pot-shaft rotation rotation shaft added pot should 41 achieved making radius link connection attached bail equal one-fourth radius lever con trolling added pot 2 Connect leads added pot existing fifth-channel pot end terminals DPDT switch Fig 5 connect common terminals switch printed circuit points fifth-channel control pot wires originally connected above completed may select positionable flaps controlled fifth-channel lever coupled flaps con trolled movement elevator stick ratio one-fourth movement elevator servo reason will become apparent little later Setup flap servo illustrated Fig 6 desirable have flap travel l0-l5 about neutral coupled opera-FULL ON 30 ON FLAP FIGURE 6FLAP SET UP ELECTRONIC COUPLING tion Flap travel should neutral around 400 down landing flaps achieved follows coupled flaps selected rotate shaft added potentiometer until servo positioned one-fourth way end full travel elevator stick neutral lock lever shaft added pot Now move elevator stick fifth-channel servo should follow reaching end full trav el over-running full down elevator given Travel new neutral fifth-channel servo should 25% full travel presents awkward linkage requirement trans mitter lower-value pot may substitu ted resistors used series end terminals new pot bring total series value 5000 ohms 2 Select positionable flaps set servo position same neutral point under 1 using fifth-channel lever Add stop fifth-channel lever prevent servo going further up flaps direction ie toward one-fourth end Full movement auxiliary lever other way will put servo full travel three-fourths end full down flaps continued page 91 May1976 39 Equipment bay Ace R/C 14G23 three servo block B receiver aileron servo hidden beneath C throttle servoFULL UP 1FII...loo UFFLAF 80% NEUTRAL 60% 100 ON FLAP Below Flap-elevator mixer depicted modifi cation Kraft two-channel brick mixer ele vator pushrod B flap pushrod Mixer parallel arms Cl must lengthened 0 rudder nose-wheel ateering servo arm KRAFT IAT L4 4 #4 de4 6th Annual pcs Pre-Season Radio System Check-up December 151975April 301976 FULL TIME TECHNICIANS FACTORY TRAINED ST TEST EQUIPMENT NEW MODERN SHOP ONLY GENUINE FACTORY PARTS SFACTION GUARANTEED KPRESEA SOAT SPECIAL ONLY $2695 plus post aqe Perform Transmitter Battery Load Check Perform Transmitter Crystal Frequency Count Perform Receiver Battery Load Check Check Battery Charging Circuit Tune Transmitter R F Check Receiver Sensitivity & Adjust 9diae4 Align Receiver RF IF Stages Check Receiver Logic Align Transmitter Encoder Check Servo Stalled Motor Current Repair parts additional Check Servo Mechanics Adjust Servo Centering Perform System Servo Noise Check Shock Test Complete Airhorne System Range Check System System Flight Test Necessary 7Ocee Kraft Great Lakes Inc 6787 Wales Ave PO Box 2182 North CantonOhio 11720 /t Jack Yarger 216 199-8310 BankAmericard Master Charge Welcome Shark/Marks continued page 39 desirable modify trans mitter satisfactory coupling may achieved mechanically airplane Fig 7 illustrates arrangement schematical ~j7 FIGURE 7 MECHANICAL COUPLING ly Fig 8 accompanying photos recent Shark 45 show three mechanizations used limitation difficulty encountered getting proper relationship throw rotary output servos used can overcome easily trouble taken construct sliding connecting bar shown Fig 8 -O ROTAFY OUTPUT o UT 5 RACK FIGURE 8 EXAMPLE MEcHANIZATIONS MEcHANICAL cOUPLING chooses use commercial mixer shown photos Regardless mechanization used ground rules apply operation coupled flaps elevators deter mined empirically optimum ratio elevator/flap travel will differ air plane design plane may use equal travel another ratio of4l always elevator optimum ratio will depend CG location moment arms surface area weight etc has experi ence flap area should equal 10% elevator area Flap chord should 20 25% total wing chord including flap chord sug gested proper travel ratio deter mined follows Start ratio 41 perhaps 61 eg 5U flap 300 elevator decrease ratio increments low 11 necessary ie. 30U flaps 300 elevator limitation will point nonlinear response met and/or failure obtain clean spin entry Remem ber amount flap travel does have maximized small amount asset CG located essentially same point conventional configuration about 25-30% wing chord excluding flaps means will about 20-25% total chord sures stable model minimum floating tendencies permits model spun readily longer rudder moment arm flap cross section Shark 45 sheet balsa no taper Only slight rounding trailing edge used Thus entire airfoil cross section still symmetrical reflexed both top bottom Results has found use coupled elevators flaps provides smoother pitch maneuvering 2 enhanced lateral stability thus bit difficulty achieving spins coupled 3 signifi cantly enhanced landing characteristics 4 no noticeable cross-coupling lateral directional control Two negative results encountered easily overcome introducing ability position flaps well coupling Landings flaps coupled flight maneuvering ie U de flection causes floating during landing overcome extending flaps 3040U landing As mentioned earlier stall spin entry bit difficult overcome neutralizing flaps spins using rudder deflection Shark 45 RC flies beautifully striking flight didnt choose install retractable gear plenty space warning regard flying model take-offs dont need should made flaps May1976 91 * THIN RIGID BLADES OF HARD MAPLE WOOD * SUPERBLY FINISHED COMPLETELY FUEL PROOF SPECIAL PRO SERIES 2 FOR RC-FREE FLIGHT CONTROL LINE DIA 5 6 7 9 10 10 11 11 1 1 12 12 13 14 15 16 FITCH 3 3 3/3h 4 3% 456 4 6 7 7 4 66W 7 8W 6EW 45WS67 7 6EW 6 7 6 5W 56 56 5 4 W WIDE BLADE *EW EXTRA WIDE ALL NEW SERIES 400 B FOR SPEED & RACING HEW ADVANCED DESIGN TERRIFIC INCREASE IN THRUST & SPEED LEADING SFEED RECORD HOLDER 72 73 74 DIA FIlCH 467 45 5 678th 7566N7 10 11 5899N 8777 977/a7% 1313 N NARROW Now available George Aldrichs personal formula Magnum Glow Fuels made finest quelity castor synthetic oils blended purest methanol end nitromethene available Exclusive additives combine excesstional film strengsh hi-load carrying anti-wear propevties rust & corrosion prevention clean cool low varnish fuel variety totally compatible Nitro blends available GSa Gals Drumi power competition demands Magnum Racing Glow Piugs Long & Short Reach Idesi F-i Pylon & OM Racing Bonafide dealer inquiries invited write phone BG&H speed Ream sets new AMA speed record Magnum Glow Plugs Oct 1B7B173 MPH * Fat 3511-32B Shark continued extended landing position attempt resulted liftoff after just 10 ft roll requirement full right rudder prevent auger-in Land ings soft easy no tendency float flaps moved landing position least 25 no 300 Attempts land flaps Cou pled ie travel 150 results floating flaps set 250 calm air have demonstrated stable approach smooth touchdown 200 ft out hands completely off transmitter like things different exciting will enjoy Shark 45 RC Construction Because exactly beginners model wont present step-by-step structions wood parts identified coded plan recon struct kit raw materials can mark parts felt-tip pen easy finding build wing built exactly per plans However dont use control line plans since wing panel rib hay longer other will look funny youll also get bad roll trim plans show forward fuselage doublers laminated several layers balsa may choose use single thicker piece say 3/8 taper shown aft end Complete Eagle I/Wade continued page 22 Piston/Cylinder The modification seems good changing bypass timing depth see sketch height outside bypass grooves should raised 305 down glow plug shelf Leave middle groove alone depth outside grooves should 486 measured diagonally Again leave middle groove alone because its already too deep should done mill end end mill dont have access mill Dremel moto tool /s carbide cutter will job ball socket area Cox engines should checked 003 play ball socket should re-set Dale Kim tool After engine broken ready run 70% nitro ball socket shouldnt have re-set still check occasionally Piston/cylinder fit very critical top performance new piston/cylinder should set up piston will slide up cylinder about 1/32 above glow-plug shelfbefore sticks After its brokenin should increase about 1/16-3/32 above glow-plug shelf parts should dry checking piston/cylinder fit Varnish cylinder walls should checked often during break-in after flight contest can checked holding cylinder up the fuselage attach horizontal stabi lizer beautifully long canopy fairing dorsal fin vertical stabilizer securing hatch use 4-40 bolt tapped maple block front combined dowel peg aft end models fuselage covered silk dope problem encoun tered silk pulled away glue joint runs length dorsal fin best overcome slitting silk doping down tightly junction gap results between silk edges juncture use resin microballoons form small fillet recommend fuselage cov ered before wing installed wing fillets added wing aligned epoxied place use epoxy resin micro-balloons form fillet Cover wing horizontal stabilizer Mono kote other heat-shrink covering sure cut form straight-edge root end Mask straight-edge well covering proceed fill finish fuselage favorite finish ing materials Acknowledgments To Frank Williams drawing plans Bill McLaw photos Hohie Steele Jack Dorman aid construction hasten add original built author model crashed mentioned earlier also acknowledge original beauti ful Shark 45 design Lou McFarland light brownish color walls indi cates varnish caused castor oil some synthetic oils remove varn ish use SOS pad best break-in procedure seems three five minutes ground running short runsi minute time best lots flying time about 30% nitro fuel small prop such Cox 4 X 4 lefthand prop fits Ive described matter judgment engine builders part So just let guide develop own method finding fits Glow plug new type glow plugs about 700 rpm faster old trumpet shape plugs because increased com pression slightly different combus tion chamber shape cone shape small squish band Some people find small gain power taking 015 020 off bottom new plugs havent danger bending connecting rod engine flooded isnt worth possible small gain record flights made stock plug 005 gas ket Fuel Ive come up basic fuel has worked well weather conditions over past two years trick synthetic oils have tried found its still necessary run some cas tor oil keep things together So can run own trick oil still run 4-5% castor oil Heres fuel used record flights 70% nitro 5% castor oil 92 Model Aviation HIGH PERFORMANCE * COMPETITION PROVEN ASK yOUR DEALER Writs Phone Aldrich Products Inc pricePO Box 1426 listMission Texas 76572 512 585-7661
Edition: Model Aviation - 1976/05
Page Numbers: 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 91, 92
Right The fuselage turned over show invert ed installation Merco 49 Air scoop portion removable Fuel loop shown filling Below Although long-nosed short coupled looking flies beautifully Flown wide range power plants will perform 45 60 Pictures Bill McCaw SEVERAL YEARS AGO designed conversion Top Flite Nobler radio control featuring coupled flaps eleva tor time seemed Jetco Shark 45 designed control-line stunter Lew McFarland would make better subject larger model thus bit suited larger engines also offered advantage being able accept slightly larger radio equipment Surprisingly Shark 45 about same size Kwik-Fli opinion much prettier model old Nob ler have enjoyed much Coupled flaps elevators RC design derived Jetco CL stunt model kit produces in-flight advantages Fred Marks 1970 made first conversion Shark 45 good friend Frank Williams drew plans en joyed quite few flights using first Enya 45 Supertigre 56 Unfortu nately birds demise came inflight switch failure occurred total lack foresight gotten around TheSharI to taking photos completed model model shown built plans least verifies accuracy plans using original kit parts wing horizontal stabilizer New wood purchased fuselage adequately powered Merco 49 engine may choose MSMY OUU 101 AAB-rn / Fl 7/E2DdIESI6 Theory Coupled Flaps Elevator build control line kit havearound 08 20 greater general presented rib patterns complete scratchmore sophisticated flaps higher buildingmaximum CL addition use lead ing edge slats and/or slots further increases maximum CL values around 28 normal application flaps full-under ideal conditions 30 achievable scale aircraft increase maximum mechanism whereby lift created lift coefficient CL wing fromby flap reshaping nominal F ma Ps F 11 1/6 SOPTjFS2 3A ssao ii K F Y4SO Epoxiura -~LLT FATF-SO 3/E13I/23E SI/AWEE r03/IS SOUlrE FEE[Fi~soN- _V3t ISH/4 S0FTSEm 4 j- --~: S 3/EA/4F1Fig 10 02 SLANT FRONT LANOSE GEARASSY MOTOR40 1960 CU RI 21/4 WA ERiE 195 MCML S AS WE R RE FifE RAMS RE ENE NUIRAL CERENUIRE MMCM ERAI WAS RRUU UT LU RAFIWAM l/5s3I/SxIDE/R2REOO- l/555l/213I/2 2FIE531434 200.F42 /43/5 MED FITFIR- ---- -2EEOO -PIEFiR- I/RASI/2*III/NI- Daft N F-l4VZdR ___ - -F2SERVO IOEJIATSP31 MOTOR P4 IFEE -l / SERVO [v32][b-1-10-1-10]]I-- PUS P19 I/ESJETLAIOCE iiiElOU-S ER CORKeD________ SE 1/49/K TESlOCK 11w -I/ LI /ISKET TOPSI OHj C3456565ETOWIEPE 4r E-RI/NUSTLSTOOE 36 Model Aviation F2E S SM OI&5PRIT...7N V2s3711 rFIZFISUEl/2I7I/R2REQOI rc 5/32 DIALERS REOOR R-O S//ARK 45 RESIRRED SO FRED U MARKS DRAWN HO FRAME & UUIAUS LE airfoil highly cambered airfoil Fig presents basic change including both flaps leading edge slats additional lift achieved penalty drag since drag coefficient CD also increases CL increases Thus large flap movements used high lift required slow speed full flaps used czz NORMAL III~c\ FIGURE 1HIGH LIrT landing addition large excursions flaps high speed cause severe buffet high structural loads Thehasic difference between normal land ing flaps coupled flaps discussed amount flap travel used use both up down deflection normal aerobatic model has fully F53 P31EPOSIUTEF 59 3/Sb VS,VZP25 VSL/4P40 v19VI S3/SIl P27 S/S3d8 ~P55137 L/55341E7 PlO FFGG37/ h h/ISSKIwoTH 50231 C11/ 40 VMPLYIZRE/i/ / LS SHEET Fi~////// I/SoilS P41511054 L4MEL 0S II fi -3 Sl32MW- 3/33 IDTUSING.111u1 111111 ACE3SERV0SW SILVER 501525 HEIUIIL...~ . - ---E--SI4INX WRAP S EPOXY TOWIS11 It0k1I0Il--011 AILEROS ISERVO 1- 0 - ----I / I/IL 7NKI 111 IiIjI W5A4rsoT 9 CET FROM I/loS ThPERSD STOCK 2 EACJ4 1 S/So I/S 9 liI ~1j \ I / iii Ti 15192 1/SPISId 2 EACH I/201-I/SHAPLE2EAI ISROOVESERILI FOR LI 59 9/ /// 01II, S VISMET VIA PLY/ ISOTTOId 2 REODIN/ I--I -I /1A K1/51/S /I5/SWRUCE4REOR I/S 5*1227 TOP S TTOSI 9 II / PI~// 0/ I11f1 ~17 May1976 37 Ij/lii 1/ //i III I f/ 1/7 f/lu ii' ii /1/ Shark symmetrical airfoil requires model fly positive angle attack generate lift see Fig 2 flat-bottomed MEAN CAMBER LINE 111H0 SYMMETRICAL ANGLE OF RELATIVE WIND IBI SEMI-SYMMETRICAL MEAN CAMBER LINE RELATIVE WINO- CI CAMBERED UP CAMBER NEUTRAL DOWN DI COUPLED-SYMMETRICALCAMBER FIGURE 2 airfoil semi-symmetrical airfoil require high angle attack ex cept during inverted flight introducing small lOl5o maximum flap deflection have in-effect created semi-symmet rical airfoil both inverted upright maneuvers flap used thusly simply provides variable camber end result considerable lift generated lower angles attack little increase drag fact added drag will become significant until flaps extended well beyond range indica ted earlier standpoint coupled flaps create unneeded lift during landing either need retracted extended fully landing approach models tested thus far flaps ailerons have occupied approxi mately equal proportions inner outer halves wing panel rela tionship also produces desirable effect lateral stability low speed model trimmed relatively slow ap proach flaps extended down few degrees places mean camber line outer wing panel relatively lower angle attack inner panel shown Fig 3 Thus tip stall de layed lateral control maintained significantly lower speeds AILERON \MEAN CAMBER OUTBOARD FLAPCAMBER LINE INBOARD FIGURE EFFECTIVE WASH-OUT PRODUCED BY FLAPS Mechanization Operation three suggested types mech anization first simple mechanical interconnect elevator flap similar control-line arrangement Fig 4 shows arrangement has advan ELEVATOR SERVOELEVATOR WING FIGURE 4MECHANIZATION FOR STRAIGHT COUPLED FIXED-WING MODELS NO DECOUPLE tage minimum weight nonremov able wing installation can used four-channel systems can also achieved aircraft removable wings electronically paralleling flap servo elevator servo via Y connector third method provides greater flexi bility requires least five-channel system slight modification transmitter Fig 5 shows modification ORIGINAL WIRES TO TRANSMITTER PC BOARD ELEVATOR STICK BAIL TYPICAL CONTROL LEVER MOVES WITH ELEVATOR BAIL 0 COUPLED POT CONTROL LEVER 0 FIGURE 5 ELECTRONIC COUPLING Timothy Marks poses Shark show rela tionship flap aileron elevator areas ship about same size Kwik-FIi made transmitters simple additions trim potenti ometer switch linkage actuate added potentiometer required Since transmitter layouts arrange ments vary widely little point describing detailed mechanization transmitters Instead general arrangement shown Fig 5 should fol lowed consists following steps 1 Attach linkage bail elevator stick can used move control lever attached shaft good quality potentiometer pot used coupled flap function ratio ele vator-pot-shaft rotation rotation shaft added pot should 41 achieved making radius link connection attached bail equal one-fourth radius lever con trolling added pot 2 Connect leads added pot existing fifth-channel pot end terminals DPDT switch Fig 5 connect common terminals switch printed circuit points fifth-channel control pot wires originally connected above completed may select positionable flaps controlled fifth-channel lever coupled flaps con trolled movement elevator stick ratio one-fourth movement elevator servo reason will become apparent little later Setup flap servo illustrated Fig 6 desirable have flap travel l0-l5 about neutral coupled opera-FULL ON 30 ON FLAP FIGURE 6FLAP SET UP ELECTRONIC COUPLING tion Flap travel should neutral around 400 down landing flaps achieved follows coupled flaps selected rotate shaft added potentiometer until servo positioned one-fourth way end full travel elevator stick neutral lock lever shaft added pot Now move elevator stick fifth-channel servo should follow reaching end full trav el over-running full down elevator given Travel new neutral fifth-channel servo should 25% full travel presents awkward linkage requirement trans mitter lower-value pot may substitu ted resistors used series end terminals new pot bring total series value 5000 ohms 2 Select positionable flaps set servo position same neutral point under 1 using fifth-channel lever Add stop fifth-channel lever prevent servo going further up flaps direction ie toward one-fourth end Full movement auxiliary lever other way will put servo full travel three-fourths end full down flaps continued page 91 May1976 39 Equipment bay Ace R/C 14G23 three servo block B receiver aileron servo hidden beneath C throttle servoFULL UP 1FII...loo UFFLAF 80% NEUTRAL 60% 100 ON FLAP Below Flap-elevator mixer depicted modifi cation Kraft two-channel brick mixer ele vator pushrod B flap pushrod Mixer parallel arms Cl must lengthened 0 rudder nose-wheel ateering servo arm KRAFT IAT L4 4 #4 de4 6th Annual pcs Pre-Season Radio System Check-up December 151975April 301976 FULL TIME TECHNICIANS FACTORY TRAINED ST TEST EQUIPMENT NEW MODERN SHOP ONLY GENUINE FACTORY PARTS SFACTION GUARANTEED KPRESEA SOAT SPECIAL ONLY $2695 plus post aqe Perform Transmitter Battery Load Check Perform Transmitter Crystal Frequency Count Perform Receiver Battery Load Check Check Battery Charging Circuit Tune Transmitter R F Check Receiver Sensitivity & Adjust 9diae4 Align Receiver RF IF Stages Check Receiver Logic Align Transmitter Encoder Check Servo Stalled Motor Current Repair parts additional Check Servo Mechanics Adjust Servo Centering Perform System Servo Noise Check Shock Test Complete Airhorne System Range Check System System Flight Test Necessary 7Ocee Kraft Great Lakes Inc 6787 Wales Ave PO Box 2182 North CantonOhio 11720 /t Jack Yarger 216 199-8310 BankAmericard Master Charge Welcome Shark/Marks continued page 39 desirable modify trans mitter satisfactory coupling may achieved mechanically airplane Fig 7 illustrates arrangement schematical ~j7 FIGURE 7 MECHANICAL COUPLING ly Fig 8 accompanying photos recent Shark 45 show three mechanizations used limitation difficulty encountered getting proper relationship throw rotary output servos used can overcome easily trouble taken construct sliding connecting bar shown Fig 8 -O ROTAFY OUTPUT o UT 5 RACK FIGURE 8 EXAMPLE MEcHANIZATIONS MEcHANICAL cOUPLING chooses use commercial mixer shown photos Regardless mechanization used ground rules apply operation coupled flaps elevators deter mined empirically optimum ratio elevator/flap travel will differ air plane design plane may use equal travel another ratio of4l always elevator optimum ratio will depend CG location moment arms surface area weight etc has experi ence flap area should equal 10% elevator area Flap chord should 20 25% total wing chord including flap chord sug gested proper travel ratio deter mined follows Start ratio 41 perhaps 61 eg 5U flap 300 elevator decrease ratio increments low 11 necessary ie. 30U flaps 300 elevator limitation will point nonlinear response met and/or failure obtain clean spin entry Remem ber amount flap travel does have maximized small amount asset CG located essentially same point conventional configuration about 25-30% wing chord excluding flaps means will about 20-25% total chord sures stable model minimum floating tendencies permits model spun readily longer rudder moment arm flap cross section Shark 45 sheet balsa no taper Only slight rounding trailing edge used Thus entire airfoil cross section still symmetrical reflexed both top bottom Results has found use coupled elevators flaps provides smoother pitch maneuvering 2 enhanced lateral stability thus bit difficulty achieving spins coupled 3 signifi cantly enhanced landing characteristics 4 no noticeable cross-coupling lateral directional control Two negative results encountered easily overcome introducing ability position flaps well coupling Landings flaps coupled flight maneuvering ie U de flection causes floating during landing overcome extending flaps 3040U landing As mentioned earlier stall spin entry bit difficult overcome neutralizing flaps spins using rudder deflection Shark 45 RC flies beautifully striking flight didnt choose install retractable gear plenty space warning regard flying model take-offs dont need should made flaps May1976 91 * THIN RIGID BLADES OF HARD MAPLE WOOD * SUPERBLY FINISHED COMPLETELY FUEL PROOF SPECIAL PRO SERIES 2 FOR RC-FREE FLIGHT CONTROL LINE DIA 5 6 7 9 10 10 11 11 1 1 12 12 13 14 15 16 FITCH 3 3 3/3h 4 3% 456 4 6 7 7 4 66W 7 8W 6EW 45WS67 7 6EW 6 7 6 5W 56 56 5 4 W WIDE BLADE *EW EXTRA WIDE ALL NEW SERIES 400 B FOR SPEED & RACING HEW ADVANCED DESIGN TERRIFIC INCREASE IN THRUST & SPEED LEADING SFEED RECORD HOLDER 72 73 74 DIA FIlCH 467 45 5 678th 7566N7 10 11 5899N 8777 977/a7% 1313 N NARROW Now available George Aldrichs personal formula Magnum Glow Fuels made finest quelity castor synthetic oils blended purest methanol end nitromethene available Exclusive additives combine excesstional film strengsh hi-load carrying anti-wear propevties rust & corrosion prevention clean cool low varnish fuel variety totally compatible Nitro blends available GSa Gals Drumi power competition demands Magnum Racing Glow Piugs Long & Short Reach Idesi F-i Pylon & OM Racing Bonafide dealer inquiries invited write phone BG&H speed Ream sets new AMA speed record Magnum Glow Plugs Oct 1B7B173 MPH * Fat 3511-32B Shark continued extended landing position attempt resulted liftoff after just 10 ft roll requirement full right rudder prevent auger-in Land ings soft easy no tendency float flaps moved landing position least 25 no 300 Attempts land flaps Cou pled ie travel 150 results floating flaps set 250 calm air have demonstrated stable approach smooth touchdown 200 ft out hands completely off transmitter like things different exciting will enjoy Shark 45 RC Construction Because exactly beginners model wont present step-by-step structions wood parts identified coded plan recon struct kit raw materials can mark parts felt-tip pen easy finding build wing built exactly per plans However dont use control line plans since wing panel rib hay longer other will look funny youll also get bad roll trim plans show forward fuselage doublers laminated several layers balsa may choose use single thicker piece say 3/8 taper shown aft end Complete Eagle I/Wade continued page 22 Piston/Cylinder The modification seems good changing bypass timing depth see sketch height outside bypass grooves should raised 305 down glow plug shelf Leave middle groove alone depth outside grooves should 486 measured diagonally Again leave middle groove alone because its already too deep should done mill end end mill dont have access mill Dremel moto tool /s carbide cutter will job ball socket area Cox engines should checked 003 play ball socket should re-set Dale Kim tool After engine broken ready run 70% nitro ball socket shouldnt have re-set still check occasionally Piston/cylinder fit very critical top performance new piston/cylinder should set up piston will slide up cylinder about 1/32 above glow-plug shelfbefore sticks After its brokenin should increase about 1/16-3/32 above glow-plug shelf parts should dry checking piston/cylinder fit Varnish cylinder walls should checked often during break-in after flight contest can checked holding cylinder up the fuselage attach horizontal stabi lizer beautifully long canopy fairing dorsal fin vertical stabilizer securing hatch use 4-40 bolt tapped maple block front combined dowel peg aft end models fuselage covered silk dope problem encoun tered silk pulled away glue joint runs length dorsal fin best overcome slitting silk doping down tightly junction gap results between silk edges juncture use resin microballoons form small fillet recommend fuselage cov ered before wing installed wing fillets added wing aligned epoxied place use epoxy resin micro-balloons form fillet Cover wing horizontal stabilizer Mono kote other heat-shrink covering sure cut form straight-edge root end Mask straight-edge well covering proceed fill finish fuselage favorite finish ing materials Acknowledgments To Frank Williams drawing plans Bill McLaw photos Hohie Steele Jack Dorman aid construction hasten add original built author model crashed mentioned earlier also acknowledge original beauti ful Shark 45 design Lou McFarland light brownish color walls indi cates varnish caused castor oil some synthetic oils remove varn ish use SOS pad best break-in procedure seems three five minutes ground running short runsi minute time best lots flying time about 30% nitro fuel small prop such Cox 4 X 4 lefthand prop fits Ive described matter judgment engine builders part So just let guide develop own method finding fits Glow plug new type glow plugs about 700 rpm faster old trumpet shape plugs because increased com pression slightly different combus tion chamber shape cone shape small squish band Some people find small gain power taking 015 020 off bottom new plugs havent danger bending connecting rod engine flooded isnt worth possible small gain record flights made stock plug 005 gas ket Fuel Ive come up basic fuel has worked well weather conditions over past two years trick synthetic oils have tried found its still necessary run some cas tor oil keep things together So can run own trick oil still run 4-5% castor oil Heres fuel used record flights 70% nitro 5% castor oil 92 Model Aviation HIGH PERFORMANCE * COMPETITION PROVEN ASK yOUR DEALER Writs Phone Aldrich Products Inc pricePO Box 1426 listMission Texas 76572 512 585-7661
