With fuels market secret ingredients its difficult consumer make heads tails out picture some useful data THIS IS NOT product report nor endorsement product manu facturer supplier model engine fuels lubricants intended solely pre sent facts based experimental data ob tained through standard test procedures inspiration article has come talk opinions hearsay claims whatever have existed concerning model engine lubricants primarily syn thetic oils seems lately everyone fuel business Toledo Show count ed 13 different booths advertising fuels lubricants additives Fifteen years ago modeler very limited choice maybe Fox Cox K&B Power Mist Nitro X hobby shops Now has seemingly unlimited choice brands nitro contents years castor oil accepted standard used mixing model engine fuels part quite effective did however have some draw backs especially fuel mixtures high nitromethane contents mixtures above approximately 23 parts nitrometh ane 1 part castor oil co-solvent such nitrobenzene added partic ular additive gave exotic fuels familiar shoe-polish smell However Straight Talk FueL Lubricari John F Kilsdonk addition nitrobenzene part coun teracted power benefits obtained additional oxygen bearing nitrometh ane addition detrimental carbon de posits accumulated inside sometimes outside engine unburned hydrocarbon residue benzene Some amounts carbon varnishing also prevalent castor oil varied purity refinement oil Sometime early 1960s alternate lubricants began emerge Other natural vegetable oils synthetic substitutes came popular Derivatives soy bean oil gained popularity commercial fuels such RAMM K&B speed About same time functional fluids developed Union Carbide also gained recognition history synthetic lubricants actually dates back post WW II family fluids developed particular purpose mind replace use vegetable- petro leum-base oils compressors auto motive brake systems attendant prob lems rancidity breakdown carbon 38 Model Aviation John Kilsdonk records temperature data Art Adamisen adjusts needle valve test engine sludge varnish formation under exten ded use higher temperature require ments time led Union Carbide develop better lubricant brake fluid base namely polyalkylene glycols success called hydrolubes immediate due apparent ad vantages longer life greater stability better lubrication improved viscosity characteristics lack sludge carbon formation Simply stated Union Carbide bell ringer Additional research additives re sulted desirable series fluids Due favorable solubility ranges special Ucon fluids readily modified various stabilizers antioxidants wetting agents further enhanced broad use oils modificatuons thereof An out growth course fluids used some model engine fuels first introduced synthetic oils 1963 very good friend Harry Roe Like others have found success oils ever since initial contact UCON LB-625 functioned very well fact primarily used oil until 1974 switched new UCON MA-731 problem ever incurred LB-625 wac after running engine humid day engine oiled couple drops 3-in-i oil something similar prevent rusting internal iron surfaces rusting oxidation problem occurred early UCON fluids new UCON oils MA-731 MA-2270 addition Klotz others now contain anti-oxidant oil-after-running routine isnt necessary although still good safeguard prefer Meanwhile chemical manufacturers eventually picked up ball now also produce similar fluids Others time began purchase base oils add own mystery additives re-market products under different names situa tion has led lot claims concerning oil does what Most claims least modelers based scientific March1976 39 Left Measuring power output rpm Rossi 15 engine Note thermo couple leads Above OS 35 under field test test run 30 seconds maximum rpm Thermocouple extension lead wires also show Below Dave Adamisin measuring power input Supertigre 35 engine Most opinions past based upon hearsay Instrumented exhaust adaptor used side-exhaust engines thermo couple glow plug washer used measure cylinder head temperatures Digital thermocouple temperature indicator used tests Since 1960 fuel lubricants additives have continuously evolved Test us Z Engine OSSI S5r Slow Plug 6 DEL CeedltlonsffPdb ffPwb IL%RN Standard Prep /0-6 *ldM C P Test Prep /O-3a FUELESTI OPT RUT AAT RPM lOT OPTI RUT AAT1 LLJBRICANIS20%blend %niLrO %methanol 9 -625- 627 5/ MA 731 0 CQMMERCIAL FUELSIInitroi AS /00 A -/O %IJ Sfe r*rAU 6f*64NA -/2/20 r*orA.E -/5 A0 -/5 626 4 Iia 350 *6 6#15758 if~ 15 06 56 52 7 /00 Ao j4992 *0 6/ go 7-9 I0 7 753*7 7 55 aN 9 p 7 % 79 /0 IC Test No . Engine w Plug tsLL Cond4tlensP dh 8LP w b 4 %RH FUELe OPT RUT AAT RPM lOT SPY RUT AAT RPM LLIBRICANTS 20%blend 40 7 nitro 7 methanol ker A Castor CQMMERCIAL_lUELSInitro kA /000 4 650 17/79 40*/587 /65w 607 40679*6 S2 560 51/ 71 65Z 4I 75 1i ~DO 20 7 402 *0 AL 156 / EL ir Teat N. L Eng1neLiL.. Slow Plug dZO 625 Condltloned2*Fdb ZFwb 7j%RH Standard Prep &.erE6 8-8 FUELlOT OPT RUT ALT RPM ROT OPT RET LAY RPM LLLBlllANISao7blend ~7niLrn/5methanOI A Crseznr leffox cYL 625 Klotz SPF KL 200 Iii IN MATh U0N MA 2270 CfMMRClALVLSI%nrtroi AV4E4/A4 -651655t 6/a 30 J- //3 *4 1p iSO 522 //Z 40 3//03 6/0 320 620 3 oj TeetNe Engine Ai7 Plug 6& 555 Conditions A2Pdb 4Pwb 84%RH charts two pages belong fuel lubricant survey testify thoroughness testing recording proof Rather go something like X oil runs cooler Y oil queried determined usually respond saying felt muffler fingers something similar No account made changes weather conditions fuel mixture time skin sensitivity Additional claims may also involve performance increases usually also can discredited test technique examined personally have used other brands oils time another tried some magic additives could see no firm proof better UCON oils using really never changed data presented article represents attempt confirm reject least some what scientifically suspicions similarities some popular lubricants fuel mixes data presented article based testing under somewhat controlled con ditions phenomena can explained least data pre sented both actual factual hearsay first part program volved running several engines dif ferent fuels lubricants monitoring critical temperatures performance fuel Five engines selected Rossi 15 FR OS-35 Stunt Supertigre G21-35 OS 4OSR Enya 60 R/C felt series engines best represented good cross-section competition engines addition having distinct differences basic design displacement operat ing range engines selected well stabilized set up competition use engine instrumented meas ure three critical temperatures cylinder head exhaust gas rear crankcase bearing felt temperatures would indicate lubrication qualities possible friction differences would affect temperatures However no test practical determine varnish other deposit formations remains Stendard Prep 892rZ 7-6 Test Prep FUELEaT SPT RET AATRPM 1ST UPT RUT AAT RPM -625 50 350 660 J Izzzz 6 170 COMMERCIAL FUELS%nitro 7 q-j 54V-/**J55 j 4VA6444f- So fg0%655 450 0 AZ z~rI/ 0966035 6A 4 AZ 5 6/ 09 open issue Type-I I-C thermocouples fabri cated adapt glow plug washer GPT exhaust adapter EGT outside crankcase near rear bearing RBT defense GPT RBT measurement techniques felt temperatures although abso lute would relative same engine Since engine would act independently series fuels tested no comparisons would made between engines approach considered practical 40 Model Aviation x2C SPl KL-2M /2 / 7 0 // 9/2 -F 7 4 5 Stenderd Prop 8- 4' -Test Prep 7r5 Os 7 89 __4/ /5 15 42*3* 377 06 65 5 2687585_ 632 1r* 7666A1 640 4/676*5~ZA 558 J71 -60/ #050/ *1 *23ff ~ 62o450$2 6 4 7 K&fl X 5 4 Test Prop &v~/ Ow --565266E05 72j0t55 *5 6A0756 572674 *6 ____ g 271 /06 *5 / Mn5Ja -5 I-LLLBR1ANIS 20%blend %nitro io7methenol 1ir A Caetnr 7 S I-4 UcON MA 2270 S 7flE -50 FIMLEOT OPT UT AAT PM lOT OPTT AAT PU J&HLCANTS IziIblendl rnssmehanoI /4Baker A Lastur3V3776///f leffux OL6276252/776/ 3K&B X2Czt76soA 1 otz SPI KL200 740335775/2W 74232576*2/4 Ds 0vL 55k oL /0%762 337 28 4 SI L AVA6AJ4AI /229 773 SsST 75 4 /8 Z1E760306*4/ 4/5/546753~g~ *8 / ~/7663 3 254683 3~6l-352546]7503e76*5j /0 ME25W766326jSZ2 660 /5}76630o75*4/ 6Vr~en -22iSVf276DV As performance indicator engine tested two propellers stan dard flying prop test prop simulate in-flight rpm felt phase test would best represent perform ance increases obtained through fuel under test series different fuels both commercially mixed home-brews using various lubricants would tested engine running test sequence would ac complished shortest possible time reduce atmospheric effects Inquiries sent major lubricant fuel sup pliers outlining intended test procedures asking additional advice help might have offer Some responded fuel oil samples others did respond balance prod ucts provided off hobby shop shelf Six different lubricants selected home-brewed various amounts nitromethane oils selected Klotz KL-200 K&B X2C Jeffox OL-625 Ucon MA-731 Ucon MA-2270 good old Bakers AA Castor oil oils selected represent basic cross section current usage home-brew fuels carefully blended using 20% Volume oil nitro content fuel selected representative fuel normally used respective test engine OS stunt engine fuel con tained 10% nitro Enya 60 R/C mix 25% nitro ST-35 combat mix 40% nitro Rossi 15 goodyear mix 50% nitro 05 40 rat race/pylon mix 65% nitro balance fuel made up entirely methanol So fuel contained three ingredients test oil nitromethane methanol per centages measured volume digress just minute will note continually state fuels mixed volume ideal tech nique Most chemical densities vary temperature some others Therefore using volume mixing technique temperature must always considered real safe method ensure consistency mix fuels weight ingredient must know exact specific gravity ingredient maintain accurate volume mixing ratios unsuspecting fuel-brewer has amazed find out lets say 50 ounces nitro 30 ounces methanol 20 ounces oil blended together did give him 100 ounces fuel something less caused chemical reactions between ingredients change composition resultant den sity However volume mixing method generally used sake convenience addition commercially available pre mixed fuels selected based similar nitro contents Some variations nitro content commercial fuels also selected solely comparison purposes wzvsro mw Trs hof Client F 041 A.0 SO 00/ pndf~d Client Ne___________________ Test Pep conduct test solicited help Art Dave Adamisin bright clear calm Saturday morning June three us loaded car pick-up truck full test equipment fuel other sup plies headed out middle 80-acre field conduct testing set up test equipment including digital thermocouple temperature indicator powered car battery via DC-AC inverter began running engines recording data verifying thermocouple calibrations re-checking data etc testing done somewhat sheltered area minimize effects wind direc tion velocity Ten hours later called quits confident data accurate sure what meant typical test went something like fuel tank flushed rinsed pure methanol allowed dry test fuel added engine started run up held peak rpm Im mediately EGT RBT tempera tures stabilized however GPT took approximately 30 seconds stabilize being monitored outside com bustion chamber heat transfer through cylinder head took about 30 seconds stabilize glow plug washer temperature readings stabilized recorded engine stopped point second propeller installed engine test se quence repeated fuel tank again rinsed sequence repeated another fuel fuels selected somewhat random fashion eliminate possible residual effects previous run Also periodic re-runs fuels made ensure test consistency Along engine temperatures NQtnfltLC Fuenigan 4000 2 MYSICAL TEST FSULTS Un4t/hngoomele55 J11 dos4IJ j z 1 111 . L L 2 111 1 1 1 1 2E1 E..l376 ini-~ . L L .L L L4656165 OL_~o U43123 11 LLL~1 212 ~4306076 UUU7O 62311111131112~aS 1495s6C Li March 1976 41 Test N . Engine FvsOS o e/c ese -amoL Cedbeimseo4Vdh Uwb INN 3oand Nap 4o-MO /2-6 CIEWLANO TECHNOCAI CENTER INC 13600 D.w Ae.ne C*.d.d Ole 44110 61 4614460 Fuels Lubricants monitored ambient air temperature AAT wet bulb wb dry bulb db temperature recorded relative humidity RH calculated Other notes worthy mention glow plug failure experienced very first run OS stunt engine things test prop 2404 ,ia CG4 0000eo P 2, -r43 fIr ffi 2 5309000MICRONS isO200000 10 -0 24000000 020000 000060 40003500020002000 izLii 4t I0-0 -v -5----I---V~Ll2*~- I2k i222IYi selected ST-35 combat engine showed little rpm increase over flying prop tested engine Castor Oil fuel tested 05-40 engine pre vious experience indicated would blend 65% nitro mixture Rossi 15 RBT thermocouple failed onset no data obtained loca tion Enya 60 R/G engine last tested test prop run 5- 0010004 ISA200200 04300520 00004 sototo 01. j---------- --.--- I-- 4 -I2 4320 40000000200250020001000 7000001000434064 00200200 3 fT--4-- 0000001100000000000050000000400 .t & ..0044 040400ff ____________ Tr1~V r3Th.pz4-o~ tn Yifl rnd iiY llLfliY dz deemed unnecessary frankly point three us thoroughly worn out data presented individual analysis However some notes com ments order Because meas urement techniques involved feel following limits should considered RPM rpm EGT RBT * 050F GPT limits based observed general fluctuations over 30-second time span Furthermore should cautious evaluating data because accuracy limits considered temp erature differences indicated between fuel another represent small percen tage differences Another factor may slight errors involved mixture per centages both home-brews manufacturers Above attempt compare data engine another indicated temper atures relative test engine basic assumption engine tem peratures affected three factors power friction cooling same engine cooling effects should similar same prop speed rpm ambient weather conditions Therefore part power friction should reasons temperature changes However fuels higher methanol lower nitro content may respond increase exhaust gas temperature due continu ing combustion methanol exhaust port 05-35 Data however head tem perature GPT should reduced less nitromethane Also interestingly RBT times less ambient attributed cooling effect methanol vaporization within crank case summation 134 tests con ducted 53 different fuels phase program results tabulated can draw own conclusions interpretation data tends confirm initial suspicions very little difference fuels same nitro content appears some initial differences however limits previously mentioned considered differences represent such small percentage consider negligible OS Stunt engine test seat-of pants impression straight 20% oil home-brew fuels using straight synthetic oils did respond needlevalve adjustments well castor oil fuels fuels using 20% synthetic oil Nitrotane Magnum blends conclusion based feel specific data Since stunt engine must respond twocycle four-cycle condition smoothly considered critical situation appears use straight castor 20% or synthetic oils about 42 Model Aviation 134 tests conducted 53 different fuels spectographical analysissee chartswas made additional data 41 L-iKLxiAL-zz-ThJ 1300 200 1100 l 000 000 000 600 500 400 25% mix condition will satisfied will have experiment field tests particular engine see what minimum oil content good response might other tests no conclusive feel handling characteristic could noted second part test program volved having six base lubricants chemically analyzed phase ap proached two different manners Con currently samples oil sent independent laboratories separate analysis source performed spectrochemical analysis identified various ele ments present along physical tests flash point viscosity data element variations conse quence Klotz displayed Boron Sodium additives both Ucon oils displayed Phosphorus additive physical test results show reasonable con sistency except high viscosity Castor Oil other source ran Infra-red spectro graph curves oil technique used identify various chemical com pounds IR curves actually foot prints compounds other words compound fluid case has char acteristic curve under test curves useful chemists identifying unknown fluids since reference curves exist base fluid addition additives fluids alter IR curves identifiable fashion IR curves presented personal review analysis curves tolerance approximately * 5% continued page 79 40MICRONS SO6090 ro Th17fl7F T1 t H 00 Ti~ K FXE3 3m3003ONON 3003oo 003000 SO0090 I3 7 -F -7 4-t -- T-p1-7--II 3300300023002000300 23303320 MICRONS 300080 00-C3 jill 4 i ~A-7- ---424 - -I~1[ 1 0200300 150000230 0390 0031C90*2S3000023 -__ 3 3 00AA Lo - -ILI.PLZ4i JnttIc0023, -- .2r........ ____ 0390000001C9302S so000230 -_ 000 I l T0 --I-I-----1 ION12001100ION000840000000ONd -I March1976 43 Ready testing Enya 60 R/C engine attachment thermocouple lead crankcase clearly shown An OS Max 40 instrumented prior testing Three critical tempera tures measured cylinder head exhaust gas rear case bearing ION0 011001000900ON00000030235 _______IZhLJM 330030002ON3mION allowable point due equipment calibration limitations oil has two IR curves done encompass complete spectra fluid will note five synthetic oils curves basically same ex cept minor variations certain wave lengths frequencies charac teristic polyalkylene glycol curves Dis regard variations extreme left right maximum minimum fre quency curve variations due linearity other calibration dif ferences near frequency extremes chart fundamental variation basic difference occurs castor oil am told curve similar other vegetable oils soybean coconut peanut etc differences noted synthetic oils certain wave lengths arc generated presence inorganic compounds added oils manufacturers oil vendors additives may result basis claims various sources oil better another oil case Klotz additive may well Sodium Borate compound common motor oil additive over 20 years Ucon Oils indicated phosphate additive may well TCP Tn resyl phsphate Specific examination curves show inorganic blocking tight transmission specific wavelengths depicting respective trace elements sodium boron phosphorus confirmed spectrochemical analysis also chemical analysis synthetic lubricants tends further strengthen initial suspicions little differ ence synthetic oils feel certain fundamental conclu sions can drawn exercise First all base lubricants tested ap peared similar effectiveness includes age-old standard castor oil Although five synthetic oils again dis played no consistent trend re spective effectiveness some subtle chemical differences noted IR curves Secondly pre-mixed commercial fuels despite variations oil type percentage mix responded similar Admittedly results short dura tion tests conducted survey may representative what could expected under continual use However intent test determine possible friction and/or performance differences both appeared negligible using techniques noted Perhaps some detrimen tal problems can experienced under continual use certain lubricants appears basis claims resulting additives magic substi tutes open issue remains up user determine invited re view data presented also test techniques can draw own conclusions So have sincerely hope certain misconceptions false claims have somewhat clarified Perhaps could have tested Undoubtedly other mixture percentages could have tested along combi nations various oils mixed together Additionally other engine combinations could also have tested along idle characteristics interest being practical information presented what thought best approach intend imply am self pro claimed expert matter second-guessers Monday morn ing quarterbacks reading say guest add two cents worth also Hopefully will based facts hearsay would like acknowledge help following various manufacturers cooperated supplying various prod ucts information Dave Art Adamisin help field testing Joes Hobby Center cooperation obtaining certain products lastly Harry Roe chemical interpretations advice March1976 79 ne wprimabIe H new concept glow plug design permits priming directly combustion chamber rapid all-weather starts risk crankcase flooding due over choking priming feature indispensable used conjunction muffler equipped fully cowled engines Equally important HEAD START has achieved lowest reliable idle especially used high performance engines equipped fuel pressure systems combined large venturi carburetors Long life achieved through use wide convolution platinum alloy filament PATENT PENDING NJ Residents add 5% Sales tax CONTEST PROST PLACE PATTERN END ICOTT NY d1 ROSS Schnuerle 61 Bantam Model Products has supplied some Americas top competition pilots plugs field test performances results phenomenal proving time time again reliability performance PRIMABLE Squeeze bottle prime through center electrode youre off HEAD START IDLE Phenomenally low reliable Standard Model -$175 ea RIC Model $200 ea Both Lone Short Reach SEE YOUR DEALER IF NOT AVAILABLE ORDER DIRECT ADD 50d outside US $100 FOR POSTAGE AND HANDLING Fuels Lubricants continued aaae 43
Edition: Model Aviation - 1976/03
Page Numbers: 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 79
With fuels market secret ingredients its difficult consumer make heads tails out picture some useful data THIS IS NOT product report nor endorsement product manu facturer supplier model engine fuels lubricants intended solely pre sent facts based experimental data ob tained through standard test procedures inspiration article has come talk opinions hearsay claims whatever have existed concerning model engine lubricants primarily syn thetic oils seems lately everyone fuel business Toledo Show count ed 13 different booths advertising fuels lubricants additives Fifteen years ago modeler very limited choice maybe Fox Cox K&B Power Mist Nitro X hobby shops Now has seemingly unlimited choice brands nitro contents years castor oil accepted standard used mixing model engine fuels part quite effective did however have some draw backs especially fuel mixtures high nitromethane contents mixtures above approximately 23 parts nitrometh ane 1 part castor oil co-solvent such nitrobenzene added partic ular additive gave exotic fuels familiar shoe-polish smell However Straight Talk FueL Lubricari John F Kilsdonk addition nitrobenzene part coun teracted power benefits obtained additional oxygen bearing nitrometh ane addition detrimental carbon de posits accumulated inside sometimes outside engine unburned hydrocarbon residue benzene Some amounts carbon varnishing also prevalent castor oil varied purity refinement oil Sometime early 1960s alternate lubricants began emerge Other natural vegetable oils synthetic substitutes came popular Derivatives soy bean oil gained popularity commercial fuels such RAMM K&B speed About same time functional fluids developed Union Carbide also gained recognition history synthetic lubricants actually dates back post WW II family fluids developed particular purpose mind replace use vegetable- petro leum-base oils compressors auto motive brake systems attendant prob lems rancidity breakdown carbon 38 Model Aviation John Kilsdonk records temperature data Art Adamisen adjusts needle valve test engine sludge varnish formation under exten ded use higher temperature require ments time led Union Carbide develop better lubricant brake fluid base namely polyalkylene glycols success called hydrolubes immediate due apparent ad vantages longer life greater stability better lubrication improved viscosity characteristics lack sludge carbon formation Simply stated Union Carbide bell ringer Additional research additives re sulted desirable series fluids Due favorable solubility ranges special Ucon fluids readily modified various stabilizers antioxidants wetting agents further enhanced broad use oils modificatuons thereof An out growth course fluids used some model engine fuels first introduced synthetic oils 1963 very good friend Harry Roe Like others have found success oils ever since initial contact UCON LB-625 functioned very well fact primarily used oil until 1974 switched new UCON MA-731 problem ever incurred LB-625 wac after running engine humid day engine oiled couple drops 3-in-i oil something similar prevent rusting internal iron surfaces rusting oxidation problem occurred early UCON fluids new UCON oils MA-731 MA-2270 addition Klotz others now contain anti-oxidant oil-after-running routine isnt necessary although still good safeguard prefer Meanwhile chemical manufacturers eventually picked up ball now also produce similar fluids Others time began purchase base oils add own mystery additives re-market products under different names situa tion has led lot claims concerning oil does what Most claims least modelers based scientific March1976 39 Left Measuring power output rpm Rossi 15 engine Note thermo couple leads Above OS 35 under field test test run 30 seconds maximum rpm Thermocouple extension lead wires also show Below Dave Adamisin measuring power input Supertigre 35 engine Most opinions past based upon hearsay Instrumented exhaust adaptor used side-exhaust engines thermo couple glow plug washer used measure cylinder head temperatures Digital thermocouple temperature indicator used tests Since 1960 fuel lubricants additives have continuously evolved Test us Z Engine OSSI S5r Slow Plug 6 DEL CeedltlonsffPdb ffPwb IL%RN Standard Prep /0-6 *ldM C P Test Prep /O-3a FUELESTI OPT RUT AAT RPM lOT OPTI RUT AAT1 LLJBRICANIS20%blend %niLrO %methanol 9 -625- 627 5/ MA 731 0 CQMMERCIAL FUELSIInitroi AS /00 A -/O %IJ Sfe r*rAU 6f*64NA -/2/20 r*orA.E -/5 A0 -/5 626 4 Iia 350 *6 6#15758 if~ 15 06 56 52 7 /00 Ao j4992 *0 6/ go 7-9 I0 7 753*7 7 55 aN 9 p 7 % 79 /0 IC Test No . Engine w Plug tsLL Cond4tlensP dh 8LP w b 4 %RH FUELe OPT RUT AAT RPM lOT SPY RUT AAT RPM LLIBRICANTS 20%blend 40 7 nitro 7 methanol ker A Castor CQMMERCIAL_lUELSInitro kA /000 4 650 17/79 40*/587 /65w 607 40679*6 S2 560 51/ 71 65Z 4I 75 1i ~DO 20 7 402 *0 AL 156 / EL ir Teat N. L Eng1neLiL.. Slow Plug dZO 625 Condltloned2*Fdb ZFwb 7j%RH Standard Prep &.erE6 8-8 FUELlOT OPT RUT ALT RPM ROT OPT RET LAY RPM LLLBlllANISao7blend ~7niLrn/5methanOI A Crseznr leffox cYL 625 Klotz SPF KL 200 Iii IN MATh U0N MA 2270 CfMMRClALVLSI%nrtroi AV4E4/A4 -651655t 6/a 30 J- //3 *4 1p iSO 522 //Z 40 3//03 6/0 320 620 3 oj TeetNe Engine Ai7 Plug 6& 555 Conditions A2Pdb 4Pwb 84%RH charts two pages belong fuel lubricant survey testify thoroughness testing recording proof Rather go something like X oil runs cooler Y oil queried determined usually respond saying felt muffler fingers something similar No account made changes weather conditions fuel mixture time skin sensitivity Additional claims may also involve performance increases usually also can discredited test technique examined personally have used other brands oils time another tried some magic additives could see no firm proof better UCON oils using really never changed data presented article represents attempt confirm reject least some what scientifically suspicions similarities some popular lubricants fuel mixes data presented article based testing under somewhat controlled con ditions phenomena can explained least data pre sented both actual factual hearsay first part program volved running several engines dif ferent fuels lubricants monitoring critical temperatures performance fuel Five engines selected Rossi 15 FR OS-35 Stunt Supertigre G21-35 OS 4OSR Enya 60 R/C felt series engines best represented good cross-section competition engines addition having distinct differences basic design displacement operat ing range engines selected well stabilized set up competition use engine instrumented meas ure three critical temperatures cylinder head exhaust gas rear crankcase bearing felt temperatures would indicate lubrication qualities possible friction differences would affect temperatures However no test practical determine varnish other deposit formations remains Stendard Prep 892rZ 7-6 Test Prep FUELEaT SPT RET AATRPM 1ST UPT RUT AAT RPM -625 50 350 660 J Izzzz 6 170 COMMERCIAL FUELS%nitro 7 q-j 54V-/**J55 j 4VA6444f- So fg0%655 450 0 AZ z~rI/ 0966035 6A 4 AZ 5 6/ 09 open issue Type-I I-C thermocouples fabri cated adapt glow plug washer GPT exhaust adapter EGT outside crankcase near rear bearing RBT defense GPT RBT measurement techniques felt temperatures although abso lute would relative same engine Since engine would act independently series fuels tested no comparisons would made between engines approach considered practical 40 Model Aviation x2C SPl KL-2M /2 / 7 0 // 9/2 -F 7 4 5 Stenderd Prop 8- 4' -Test Prep 7r5 Os 7 89 __4/ /5 15 42*3* 377 06 65 5 2687585_ 632 1r* 7666A1 640 4/676*5~ZA 558 J71 -60/ #050/ *1 *23ff ~ 62o450$2 6 4 7 K&fl X 5 4 Test Prop &v~/ Ow --565266E05 72j0t55 *5 6A0756 572674 *6 ____ g 271 /06 *5 / Mn5Ja -5 I-LLLBR1ANIS 20%blend %nitro io7methenol 1ir A Caetnr 7 S I-4 UcON MA 2270 S 7flE -50 FIMLEOT OPT UT AAT PM lOT OPTT AAT PU J&HLCANTS IziIblendl rnssmehanoI /4Baker A Lastur3V3776///f leffux OL6276252/776/ 3K&B X2Czt76soA 1 otz SPI KL200 740335775/2W 74232576*2/4 Ds 0vL 55k oL /0%762 337 28 4 SI L AVA6AJ4AI /229 773 SsST 75 4 /8 Z1E760306*4/ 4/5/546753~g~ *8 / ~/7663 3 254683 3~6l-352546]7503e76*5j /0 ME25W766326jSZ2 660 /5}76630o75*4/ 6Vr~en -22iSVf276DV As performance indicator engine tested two propellers stan dard flying prop test prop simulate in-flight rpm felt phase test would best represent perform ance increases obtained through fuel under test series different fuels both commercially mixed home-brews using various lubricants would tested engine running test sequence would ac complished shortest possible time reduce atmospheric effects Inquiries sent major lubricant fuel sup pliers outlining intended test procedures asking additional advice help might have offer Some responded fuel oil samples others did respond balance prod ucts provided off hobby shop shelf Six different lubricants selected home-brewed various amounts nitromethane oils selected Klotz KL-200 K&B X2C Jeffox OL-625 Ucon MA-731 Ucon MA-2270 good old Bakers AA Castor oil oils selected represent basic cross section current usage home-brew fuels carefully blended using 20% Volume oil nitro content fuel selected representative fuel normally used respective test engine OS stunt engine fuel con tained 10% nitro Enya 60 R/C mix 25% nitro ST-35 combat mix 40% nitro Rossi 15 goodyear mix 50% nitro 05 40 rat race/pylon mix 65% nitro balance fuel made up entirely methanol So fuel contained three ingredients test oil nitromethane methanol per centages measured volume digress just minute will note continually state fuels mixed volume ideal tech nique Most chemical densities vary temperature some others Therefore using volume mixing technique temperature must always considered real safe method ensure consistency mix fuels weight ingredient must know exact specific gravity ingredient maintain accurate volume mixing ratios unsuspecting fuel-brewer has amazed find out lets say 50 ounces nitro 30 ounces methanol 20 ounces oil blended together did give him 100 ounces fuel something less caused chemical reactions between ingredients change composition resultant den sity However volume mixing method generally used sake convenience addition commercially available pre mixed fuels selected based similar nitro contents Some variations nitro content commercial fuels also selected solely comparison purposes wzvsro mw Trs hof Client F 041 A.0 SO 00/ pndf~d Client Ne___________________ Test Pep conduct test solicited help Art Dave Adamisin bright clear calm Saturday morning June three us loaded car pick-up truck full test equipment fuel other sup plies headed out middle 80-acre field conduct testing set up test equipment including digital thermocouple temperature indicator powered car battery via DC-AC inverter began running engines recording data verifying thermocouple calibrations re-checking data etc testing done somewhat sheltered area minimize effects wind direc tion velocity Ten hours later called quits confident data accurate sure what meant typical test went something like fuel tank flushed rinsed pure methanol allowed dry test fuel added engine started run up held peak rpm Im mediately EGT RBT tempera tures stabilized however GPT took approximately 30 seconds stabilize being monitored outside com bustion chamber heat transfer through cylinder head took about 30 seconds stabilize glow plug washer temperature readings stabilized recorded engine stopped point second propeller installed engine test se quence repeated fuel tank again rinsed sequence repeated another fuel fuels selected somewhat random fashion eliminate possible residual effects previous run Also periodic re-runs fuels made ensure test consistency Along engine temperatures NQtnfltLC Fuenigan 4000 2 MYSICAL TEST FSULTS Un4t/hngoomele55 J11 dos4IJ j z 1 111 . L L 2 111 1 1 1 1 2E1 E..l376 ini-~ . L L .L L L4656165 OL_~o U43123 11 LLL~1 212 ~4306076 UUU7O 62311111131112~aS 1495s6C Li March 1976 41 Test N . Engine FvsOS o e/c ese -amoL Cedbeimseo4Vdh Uwb INN 3oand Nap 4o-MO /2-6 CIEWLANO TECHNOCAI CENTER INC 13600 D.w Ae.ne C*.d.d Ole 44110 61 4614460 Fuels Lubricants monitored ambient air temperature AAT wet bulb wb dry bulb db temperature recorded relative humidity RH calculated Other notes worthy mention glow plug failure experienced very first run OS stunt engine things test prop 2404 ,ia CG4 0000eo P 2, -r43 fIr ffi 2 5309000MICRONS isO200000 10 -0 24000000 020000 000060 40003500020002000 izLii 4t I0-0 -v -5----I---V~Ll2*~- I2k i222IYi selected ST-35 combat engine showed little rpm increase over flying prop tested engine Castor Oil fuel tested 05-40 engine pre vious experience indicated would blend 65% nitro mixture Rossi 15 RBT thermocouple failed onset no data obtained loca tion Enya 60 R/G engine last tested test prop run 5- 0010004 ISA200200 04300520 00004 sototo 01. j---------- --.--- I-- 4 -I2 4320 40000000200250020001000 7000001000434064 00200200 3 fT--4-- 0000001100000000000050000000400 .t & ..0044 040400ff ____________ Tr1~V r3Th.pz4-o~ tn Yifl rnd iiY llLfliY dz deemed unnecessary frankly point three us thoroughly worn out data presented individual analysis However some notes com ments order Because meas urement techniques involved feel following limits should considered RPM rpm EGT RBT * 050F GPT limits based observed general fluctuations over 30-second time span Furthermore should cautious evaluating data because accuracy limits considered temp erature differences indicated between fuel another represent small percen tage differences Another factor may slight errors involved mixture per centages both home-brews manufacturers Above attempt compare data engine another indicated temper atures relative test engine basic assumption engine tem peratures affected three factors power friction cooling same engine cooling effects should similar same prop speed rpm ambient weather conditions Therefore part power friction should reasons temperature changes However fuels higher methanol lower nitro content may respond increase exhaust gas temperature due continu ing combustion methanol exhaust port 05-35 Data however head tem perature GPT should reduced less nitromethane Also interestingly RBT times less ambient attributed cooling effect methanol vaporization within crank case summation 134 tests con ducted 53 different fuels phase program results tabulated can draw own conclusions interpretation data tends confirm initial suspicions very little difference fuels same nitro content appears some initial differences however limits previously mentioned considered differences represent such small percentage consider negligible OS Stunt engine test seat-of pants impression straight 20% oil home-brew fuels using straight synthetic oils did respond needlevalve adjustments well castor oil fuels fuels using 20% synthetic oil Nitrotane Magnum blends conclusion based feel specific data Since stunt engine must respond twocycle four-cycle condition smoothly considered critical situation appears use straight castor 20% or synthetic oils about 42 Model Aviation 134 tests conducted 53 different fuels spectographical analysissee chartswas made additional data 41 L-iKLxiAL-zz-ThJ 1300 200 1100 l 000 000 000 600 500 400 25% mix condition will satisfied will have experiment field tests particular engine see what minimum oil content good response might other tests no conclusive feel handling characteristic could noted second part test program volved having six base lubricants chemically analyzed phase ap proached two different manners Con currently samples oil sent independent laboratories separate analysis source performed spectrochemical analysis identified various ele ments present along physical tests flash point viscosity data element variations conse quence Klotz displayed Boron Sodium additives both Ucon oils displayed Phosphorus additive physical test results show reasonable con sistency except high viscosity Castor Oil other source ran Infra-red spectro graph curves oil technique used identify various chemical com pounds IR curves actually foot prints compounds other words compound fluid case has char acteristic curve under test curves useful chemists identifying unknown fluids since reference curves exist base fluid addition additives fluids alter IR curves identifiable fashion IR curves presented personal review analysis curves tolerance approximately * 5% continued page 79 40MICRONS SO6090 ro Th17fl7F T1 t H 00 Ti~ K FXE3 3m3003ONON 3003oo 003000 SO0090 I3 7 -F -7 4-t -- T-p1-7--II 3300300023002000300 23303320 MICRONS 300080 00-C3 jill 4 i ~A-7- ---424 - -I~1[ 1 0200300 150000230 0390 0031C90*2S3000023 -__ 3 3 00AA Lo - -ILI.PLZ4i JnttIc0023, -- .2r........ ____ 0390000001C9302S so000230 -_ 000 I l T0 --I-I-----1 ION12001100ION000840000000ONd -I March1976 43 Ready testing Enya 60 R/C engine attachment thermocouple lead crankcase clearly shown An OS Max 40 instrumented prior testing Three critical tempera tures measured cylinder head exhaust gas rear case bearing ION0 011001000900ON00000030235 _______IZhLJM 330030002ON3mION allowable point due equipment calibration limitations oil has two IR curves done encompass complete spectra fluid will note five synthetic oils curves basically same ex cept minor variations certain wave lengths frequencies charac teristic polyalkylene glycol curves Dis regard variations extreme left right maximum minimum fre quency curve variations due linearity other calibration dif ferences near frequency extremes chart fundamental variation basic difference occurs castor oil am told curve similar other vegetable oils soybean coconut peanut etc differences noted synthetic oils certain wave lengths arc generated presence inorganic compounds added oils manufacturers oil vendors additives may result basis claims various sources oil better another oil case Klotz additive may well Sodium Borate compound common motor oil additive over 20 years Ucon Oils indicated phosphate additive may well TCP Tn resyl phsphate Specific examination curves show inorganic blocking tight transmission specific wavelengths depicting respective trace elements sodium boron phosphorus confirmed spectrochemical analysis also chemical analysis synthetic lubricants tends further strengthen initial suspicions little differ ence synthetic oils feel certain fundamental conclu sions can drawn exercise First all base lubricants tested ap peared similar effectiveness includes age-old standard castor oil Although five synthetic oils again dis played no consistent trend re spective effectiveness some subtle chemical differences noted IR curves Secondly pre-mixed commercial fuels despite variations oil type percentage mix responded similar Admittedly results short dura tion tests conducted survey may representative what could expected under continual use However intent test determine possible friction and/or performance differences both appeared negligible using techniques noted Perhaps some detrimen tal problems can experienced under continual use certain lubricants appears basis claims resulting additives magic substi tutes open issue remains up user determine invited re view data presented also test techniques can draw own conclusions So have sincerely hope certain misconceptions false claims have somewhat clarified Perhaps could have tested Undoubtedly other mixture percentages could have tested along combi nations various oils mixed together Additionally other engine combinations could also have tested along idle characteristics interest being practical information presented what thought best approach intend imply am self pro claimed expert matter second-guessers Monday morn ing quarterbacks reading say guest add two cents worth also Hopefully will based facts hearsay would like acknowledge help following various manufacturers cooperated supplying various prod ucts information Dave Art Adamisin help field testing Joes Hobby Center cooperation obtaining certain products lastly Harry Roe chemical interpretations advice March1976 79 ne wprimabIe H new concept glow plug design permits priming directly combustion chamber rapid all-weather starts risk crankcase flooding due over choking priming feature indispensable used conjunction muffler equipped fully cowled engines Equally important HEAD START has achieved lowest reliable idle especially used high performance engines equipped fuel pressure systems combined large venturi carburetors Long life achieved through use wide convolution platinum alloy filament PATENT PENDING NJ Residents add 5% Sales tax CONTEST PROST PLACE PATTERN END ICOTT NY d1 ROSS Schnuerle 61 Bantam Model Products has supplied some Americas top competition pilots plugs field test performances results phenomenal proving time time again reliability performance PRIMABLE Squeeze bottle prime through center electrode youre off HEAD START IDLE Phenomenally low reliable Standard Model -$175 ea RIC Model $200 ea Both Lone Short Reach SEE YOUR DEALER IF NOT AVAILABLE ORDER DIRECT ADD 50d outside US $100 FOR POSTAGE AND HANDLING Fuels Lubricants continued aaae 43
Edition: Model Aviation - 1976/03
Page Numbers: 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 79
With fuels market secret ingredients its difficult consumer make heads tails out picture some useful data THIS IS NOT product report nor endorsement product manu facturer supplier model engine fuels lubricants intended solely pre sent facts based experimental data ob tained through standard test procedures inspiration article has come talk opinions hearsay claims whatever have existed concerning model engine lubricants primarily syn thetic oils seems lately everyone fuel business Toledo Show count ed 13 different booths advertising fuels lubricants additives Fifteen years ago modeler very limited choice maybe Fox Cox K&B Power Mist Nitro X hobby shops Now has seemingly unlimited choice brands nitro contents years castor oil accepted standard used mixing model engine fuels part quite effective did however have some draw backs especially fuel mixtures high nitromethane contents mixtures above approximately 23 parts nitrometh ane 1 part castor oil co-solvent such nitrobenzene added partic ular additive gave exotic fuels familiar shoe-polish smell However Straight Talk FueL Lubricari John F Kilsdonk addition nitrobenzene part coun teracted power benefits obtained additional oxygen bearing nitrometh ane addition detrimental carbon de posits accumulated inside sometimes outside engine unburned hydrocarbon residue benzene Some amounts carbon varnishing also prevalent castor oil varied purity refinement oil Sometime early 1960s alternate lubricants began emerge Other natural vegetable oils synthetic substitutes came popular Derivatives soy bean oil gained popularity commercial fuels such RAMM K&B speed About same time functional fluids developed Union Carbide also gained recognition history synthetic lubricants actually dates back post WW II family fluids developed particular purpose mind replace use vegetable- petro leum-base oils compressors auto motive brake systems attendant prob lems rancidity breakdown carbon 38 Model Aviation John Kilsdonk records temperature data Art Adamisen adjusts needle valve test engine sludge varnish formation under exten ded use higher temperature require ments time led Union Carbide develop better lubricant brake fluid base namely polyalkylene glycols success called hydrolubes immediate due apparent ad vantages longer life greater stability better lubrication improved viscosity characteristics lack sludge carbon formation Simply stated Union Carbide bell ringer Additional research additives re sulted desirable series fluids Due favorable solubility ranges special Ucon fluids readily modified various stabilizers antioxidants wetting agents further enhanced broad use oils modificatuons thereof An out growth course fluids used some model engine fuels first introduced synthetic oils 1963 very good friend Harry Roe Like others have found success oils ever since initial contact UCON LB-625 functioned very well fact primarily used oil until 1974 switched new UCON MA-731 problem ever incurred LB-625 wac after running engine humid day engine oiled couple drops 3-in-i oil something similar prevent rusting internal iron surfaces rusting oxidation problem occurred early UCON fluids new UCON oils MA-731 MA-2270 addition Klotz others now contain anti-oxidant oil-after-running routine isnt necessary although still good safeguard prefer Meanwhile chemical manufacturers eventually picked up ball now also produce similar fluids Others time began purchase base oils add own mystery additives re-market products under different names situa tion has led lot claims concerning oil does what Most claims least modelers based scientific March1976 39 Left Measuring power output rpm Rossi 15 engine Note thermo couple leads Above OS 35 under field test test run 30 seconds maximum rpm Thermocouple extension lead wires also show Below Dave Adamisin measuring power input Supertigre 35 engine Most opinions past based upon hearsay Instrumented exhaust adaptor used side-exhaust engines thermo couple glow plug washer used measure cylinder head temperatures Digital thermocouple temperature indicator used tests Since 1960 fuel lubricants additives have continuously evolved Test us Z Engine OSSI S5r Slow Plug 6 DEL CeedltlonsffPdb ffPwb IL%RN Standard Prep /0-6 *ldM C P Test Prep /O-3a FUELESTI OPT RUT AAT RPM lOT OPTI RUT AAT1 LLJBRICANIS20%blend %niLrO %methanol 9 -625- 627 5/ MA 731 0 CQMMERCIAL FUELSIInitroi AS /00 A -/O %IJ Sfe r*rAU 6f*64NA -/2/20 r*orA.E -/5 A0 -/5 626 4 Iia 350 *6 6#15758 if~ 15 06 56 52 7 /00 Ao j4992 *0 6/ go 7-9 I0 7 753*7 7 55 aN 9 p 7 % 79 /0 IC Test No . Engine w Plug tsLL Cond4tlensP dh 8LP w b 4 %RH FUELe OPT RUT AAT RPM lOT SPY RUT AAT RPM LLIBRICANTS 20%blend 40 7 nitro 7 methanol ker A Castor CQMMERCIAL_lUELSInitro kA /000 4 650 17/79 40*/587 /65w 607 40679*6 S2 560 51/ 71 65Z 4I 75 1i ~DO 20 7 402 *0 AL 156 / EL ir Teat N. L Eng1neLiL.. Slow Plug dZO 625 Condltloned2*Fdb ZFwb 7j%RH Standard Prep &.erE6 8-8 FUELlOT OPT RUT ALT RPM ROT OPT RET LAY RPM LLLBlllANISao7blend ~7niLrn/5methanOI A Crseznr leffox cYL 625 Klotz SPF KL 200 Iii IN MATh U0N MA 2270 CfMMRClALVLSI%nrtroi AV4E4/A4 -651655t 6/a 30 J- //3 *4 1p iSO 522 //Z 40 3//03 6/0 320 620 3 oj TeetNe Engine Ai7 Plug 6& 555 Conditions A2Pdb 4Pwb 84%RH charts two pages belong fuel lubricant survey testify thoroughness testing recording proof Rather go something like X oil runs cooler Y oil queried determined usually respond saying felt muffler fingers something similar No account made changes weather conditions fuel mixture time skin sensitivity Additional claims may also involve performance increases usually also can discredited test technique examined personally have used other brands oils time another tried some magic additives could see no firm proof better UCON oils using really never changed data presented article represents attempt confirm reject least some what scientifically suspicions similarities some popular lubricants fuel mixes data presented article based testing under somewhat controlled con ditions phenomena can explained least data pre sented both actual factual hearsay first part program volved running several engines dif ferent fuels lubricants monitoring critical temperatures performance fuel Five engines selected Rossi 15 FR OS-35 Stunt Supertigre G21-35 OS 4OSR Enya 60 R/C felt series engines best represented good cross-section competition engines addition having distinct differences basic design displacement operat ing range engines selected well stabilized set up competition use engine instrumented meas ure three critical temperatures cylinder head exhaust gas rear crankcase bearing felt temperatures would indicate lubrication qualities possible friction differences would affect temperatures However no test practical determine varnish other deposit formations remains Stendard Prep 892rZ 7-6 Test Prep FUELEaT SPT RET AATRPM 1ST UPT RUT AAT RPM -625 50 350 660 J Izzzz 6 170 COMMERCIAL FUELS%nitro 7 q-j 54V-/**J55 j 4VA6444f- So fg0%655 450 0 AZ z~rI/ 0966035 6A 4 AZ 5 6/ 09 open issue Type-I I-C thermocouples fabri cated adapt glow plug washer GPT exhaust adapter EGT outside crankcase near rear bearing RBT defense GPT RBT measurement techniques felt temperatures although abso lute would relative same engine Since engine would act independently series fuels tested no comparisons would made between engines approach considered practical 40 Model Aviation x2C SPl KL-2M /2 / 7 0 // 9/2 -F 7 4 5 Stenderd Prop 8- 4' -Test Prep 7r5 Os 7 89 __4/ /5 15 42*3* 377 06 65 5 2687585_ 632 1r* 7666A1 640 4/676*5~ZA 558 J71 -60/ #050/ *1 *23ff ~ 62o450$2 6 4 7 K&fl X 5 4 Test Prop &v~/ Ow --565266E05 72j0t55 *5 6A0756 572674 *6 ____ g 271 /06 *5 / Mn5Ja -5 I-LLLBR1ANIS 20%blend %nitro io7methenol 1ir A Caetnr 7 S I-4 UcON MA 2270 S 7flE -50 FIMLEOT OPT UT AAT PM lOT OPTT AAT PU J&HLCANTS IziIblendl rnssmehanoI /4Baker A Lastur3V3776///f leffux OL6276252/776/ 3K&B X2Czt76soA 1 otz SPI KL200 740335775/2W 74232576*2/4 Ds 0vL 55k oL /0%762 337 28 4 SI L AVA6AJ4AI /229 773 SsST 75 4 /8 Z1E760306*4/ 4/5/546753~g~ *8 / ~/7663 3 254683 3~6l-352546]7503e76*5j /0 ME25W766326jSZ2 660 /5}76630o75*4/ 6Vr~en -22iSVf276DV As performance indicator engine tested two propellers stan dard flying prop test prop simulate in-flight rpm felt phase test would best represent perform ance increases obtained through fuel under test series different fuels both commercially mixed home-brews using various lubricants would tested engine running test sequence would ac complished shortest possible time reduce atmospheric effects Inquiries sent major lubricant fuel sup pliers outlining intended test procedures asking additional advice help might have offer Some responded fuel oil samples others did respond balance prod ucts provided off hobby shop shelf Six different lubricants selected home-brewed various amounts nitromethane oils selected Klotz KL-200 K&B X2C Jeffox OL-625 Ucon MA-731 Ucon MA-2270 good old Bakers AA Castor oil oils selected represent basic cross section current usage home-brew fuels carefully blended using 20% Volume oil nitro content fuel selected representative fuel normally used respective test engine OS stunt engine fuel con tained 10% nitro Enya 60 R/C mix 25% nitro ST-35 combat mix 40% nitro Rossi 15 goodyear mix 50% nitro 05 40 rat race/pylon mix 65% nitro balance fuel made up entirely methanol So fuel contained three ingredients test oil nitromethane methanol per centages measured volume digress just minute will note continually state fuels mixed volume ideal tech nique Most chemical densities vary temperature some others Therefore using volume mixing technique temperature must always considered real safe method ensure consistency mix fuels weight ingredient must know exact specific gravity ingredient maintain accurate volume mixing ratios unsuspecting fuel-brewer has amazed find out lets say 50 ounces nitro 30 ounces methanol 20 ounces oil blended together did give him 100 ounces fuel something less caused chemical reactions between ingredients change composition resultant den sity However volume mixing method generally used sake convenience addition commercially available pre mixed fuels selected based similar nitro contents Some variations nitro content commercial fuels also selected solely comparison purposes wzvsro mw Trs hof Client F 041 A.0 SO 00/ pndf~d Client Ne___________________ Test Pep conduct test solicited help Art Dave Adamisin bright clear calm Saturday morning June three us loaded car pick-up truck full test equipment fuel other sup plies headed out middle 80-acre field conduct testing set up test equipment including digital thermocouple temperature indicator powered car battery via DC-AC inverter began running engines recording data verifying thermocouple calibrations re-checking data etc testing done somewhat sheltered area minimize effects wind direc tion velocity Ten hours later called quits confident data accurate sure what meant typical test went something like fuel tank flushed rinsed pure methanol allowed dry test fuel added engine started run up held peak rpm Im mediately EGT RBT tempera tures stabilized however GPT took approximately 30 seconds stabilize being monitored outside com bustion chamber heat transfer through cylinder head took about 30 seconds stabilize glow plug washer temperature readings stabilized recorded engine stopped point second propeller installed engine test se quence repeated fuel tank again rinsed sequence repeated another fuel fuels selected somewhat random fashion eliminate possible residual effects previous run Also periodic re-runs fuels made ensure test consistency Along engine temperatures NQtnfltLC Fuenigan 4000 2 MYSICAL TEST FSULTS Un4t/hngoomele55 J11 dos4IJ j z 1 111 . L L 2 111 1 1 1 1 2E1 E..l376 ini-~ . L L .L L L4656165 OL_~o U43123 11 LLL~1 212 ~4306076 UUU7O 62311111131112~aS 1495s6C Li March 1976 41 Test N . Engine FvsOS o e/c ese -amoL Cedbeimseo4Vdh Uwb INN 3oand Nap 4o-MO /2-6 CIEWLANO TECHNOCAI CENTER INC 13600 D.w Ae.ne C*.d.d Ole 44110 61 4614460 Fuels Lubricants monitored ambient air temperature AAT wet bulb wb dry bulb db temperature recorded relative humidity RH calculated Other notes worthy mention glow plug failure experienced very first run OS stunt engine things test prop 2404 ,ia CG4 0000eo P 2, -r43 fIr ffi 2 5309000MICRONS isO200000 10 -0 24000000 020000 000060 40003500020002000 izLii 4t I0-0 -v -5----I---V~Ll2*~- I2k i222IYi selected ST-35 combat engine showed little rpm increase over flying prop tested engine Castor Oil fuel tested 05-40 engine pre vious experience indicated would blend 65% nitro mixture Rossi 15 RBT thermocouple failed onset no data obtained loca tion Enya 60 R/G engine last tested test prop run 5- 0010004 ISA200200 04300520 00004 sototo 01. j---------- --.--- I-- 4 -I2 4320 40000000200250020001000 7000001000434064 00200200 3 fT--4-- 0000001100000000000050000000400 .t & ..0044 040400ff ____________ Tr1~V r3Th.pz4-o~ tn Yifl rnd iiY llLfliY dz deemed unnecessary frankly point three us thoroughly worn out data presented individual analysis However some notes com ments order Because meas urement techniques involved feel following limits should considered RPM rpm EGT RBT * 050F GPT limits based observed general fluctuations over 30-second time span Furthermore should cautious evaluating data because accuracy limits considered temp erature differences indicated between fuel another represent small percen tage differences Another factor may slight errors involved mixture per centages both home-brews manufacturers Above attempt compare data engine another indicated temper atures relative test engine basic assumption engine tem peratures affected three factors power friction cooling same engine cooling effects should similar same prop speed rpm ambient weather conditions Therefore part power friction should reasons temperature changes However fuels higher methanol lower nitro content may respond increase exhaust gas temperature due continu ing combustion methanol exhaust port 05-35 Data however head tem perature GPT should reduced less nitromethane Also interestingly RBT times less ambient attributed cooling effect methanol vaporization within crank case summation 134 tests con ducted 53 different fuels phase program results tabulated can draw own conclusions interpretation data tends confirm initial suspicions very little difference fuels same nitro content appears some initial differences however limits previously mentioned considered differences represent such small percentage consider negligible OS Stunt engine test seat-of pants impression straight 20% oil home-brew fuels using straight synthetic oils did respond needlevalve adjustments well castor oil fuels fuels using 20% synthetic oil Nitrotane Magnum blends conclusion based feel specific data Since stunt engine must respond twocycle four-cycle condition smoothly considered critical situation appears use straight castor 20% or synthetic oils about 42 Model Aviation 134 tests conducted 53 different fuels spectographical analysissee chartswas made additional data 41 L-iKLxiAL-zz-ThJ 1300 200 1100 l 000 000 000 600 500 400 25% mix condition will satisfied will have experiment field tests particular engine see what minimum oil content good response might other tests no conclusive feel handling characteristic could noted second part test program volved having six base lubricants chemically analyzed phase ap proached two different manners Con currently samples oil sent independent laboratories separate analysis source performed spectrochemical analysis identified various ele ments present along physical tests flash point viscosity data element variations conse quence Klotz displayed Boron Sodium additives both Ucon oils displayed Phosphorus additive physical test results show reasonable con sistency except high viscosity Castor Oil other source ran Infra-red spectro graph curves oil technique used identify various chemical com pounds IR curves actually foot prints compounds other words compound fluid case has char acteristic curve under test curves useful chemists identifying unknown fluids since reference curves exist base fluid addition additives fluids alter IR curves identifiable fashion IR curves presented personal review analysis curves tolerance approximately * 5% continued page 79 40MICRONS SO6090 ro Th17fl7F T1 t H 00 Ti~ K FXE3 3m3003ONON 3003oo 003000 SO0090 I3 7 -F -7 4-t -- T-p1-7--II 3300300023002000300 23303320 MICRONS 300080 00-C3 jill 4 i ~A-7- ---424 - -I~1[ 1 0200300 150000230 0390 0031C90*2S3000023 -__ 3 3 00AA Lo - -ILI.PLZ4i JnttIc0023, -- .2r........ ____ 0390000001C9302S so000230 -_ 000 I l T0 --I-I-----1 ION12001100ION000840000000ONd -I March1976 43 Ready testing Enya 60 R/C engine attachment thermocouple lead crankcase clearly shown An OS Max 40 instrumented prior testing Three critical tempera tures measured cylinder head exhaust gas rear case bearing ION0 011001000900ON00000030235 _______IZhLJM 330030002ON3mION allowable point due equipment calibration limitations oil has two IR curves done encompass complete spectra fluid will note five synthetic oils curves basically same ex cept minor variations certain wave lengths frequencies charac teristic polyalkylene glycol curves Dis regard variations extreme left right maximum minimum fre quency curve variations due linearity other calibration dif ferences near frequency extremes chart fundamental variation basic difference occurs castor oil am told curve similar other vegetable oils soybean coconut peanut etc differences noted synthetic oils certain wave lengths arc generated presence inorganic compounds added oils manufacturers oil vendors additives may result basis claims various sources oil better another oil case Klotz additive may well Sodium Borate compound common motor oil additive over 20 years Ucon Oils indicated phosphate additive may well TCP Tn resyl phsphate Specific examination curves show inorganic blocking tight transmission specific wavelengths depicting respective trace elements sodium boron phosphorus confirmed spectrochemical analysis also chemical analysis synthetic lubricants tends further strengthen initial suspicions little differ ence synthetic oils feel certain fundamental conclu sions can drawn exercise First all base lubricants tested ap peared similar effectiveness includes age-old standard castor oil Although five synthetic oils again dis played no consistent trend re spective effectiveness some subtle chemical differences noted IR curves Secondly pre-mixed commercial fuels despite variations oil type percentage mix responded similar Admittedly results short dura tion tests conducted survey may representative what could expected under continual use However intent test determine possible friction and/or performance differences both appeared negligible using techniques noted Perhaps some detrimen tal problems can experienced under continual use certain lubricants appears basis claims resulting additives magic substi tutes open issue remains up user determine invited re view data presented also test techniques can draw own conclusions So have sincerely hope certain misconceptions false claims have somewhat clarified Perhaps could have tested Undoubtedly other mixture percentages could have tested along combi nations various oils mixed together Additionally other engine combinations could also have tested along idle characteristics interest being practical information presented what thought best approach intend imply am self pro claimed expert matter second-guessers Monday morn ing quarterbacks reading say guest add two cents worth also Hopefully will based facts hearsay would like acknowledge help following various manufacturers cooperated supplying various prod ucts information Dave Art Adamisin help field testing Joes Hobby Center cooperation obtaining certain products lastly Harry Roe chemical interpretations advice March1976 79 ne wprimabIe H new concept glow plug design permits priming directly combustion chamber rapid all-weather starts risk crankcase flooding due over choking priming feature indispensable used conjunction muffler equipped fully cowled engines Equally important HEAD START has achieved lowest reliable idle especially used high performance engines equipped fuel pressure systems combined large venturi carburetors Long life achieved through use wide convolution platinum alloy filament PATENT PENDING NJ Residents add 5% Sales tax CONTEST PROST PLACE PATTERN END ICOTT NY d1 ROSS Schnuerle 61 Bantam Model Products has supplied some Americas top competition pilots plugs field test performances results phenomenal proving time time again reliability performance PRIMABLE Squeeze bottle prime through center electrode youre off HEAD START IDLE Phenomenally low reliable Standard Model -$175 ea RIC Model $200 ea Both Lone Short Reach SEE YOUR DEALER IF NOT AVAILABLE ORDER DIRECT ADD 50d outside US $100 FOR POSTAGE AND HANDLING Fuels Lubricants continued aaae 43
Edition: Model Aviation - 1976/03
Page Numbers: 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 79
With fuels market secret ingredients its difficult consumer make heads tails out picture some useful data THIS IS NOT product report nor endorsement product manu facturer supplier model engine fuels lubricants intended solely pre sent facts based experimental data ob tained through standard test procedures inspiration article has come talk opinions hearsay claims whatever have existed concerning model engine lubricants primarily syn thetic oils seems lately everyone fuel business Toledo Show count ed 13 different booths advertising fuels lubricants additives Fifteen years ago modeler very limited choice maybe Fox Cox K&B Power Mist Nitro X hobby shops Now has seemingly unlimited choice brands nitro contents years castor oil accepted standard used mixing model engine fuels part quite effective did however have some draw backs especially fuel mixtures high nitromethane contents mixtures above approximately 23 parts nitrometh ane 1 part castor oil co-solvent such nitrobenzene added partic ular additive gave exotic fuels familiar shoe-polish smell However Straight Talk FueL Lubricari John F Kilsdonk addition nitrobenzene part coun teracted power benefits obtained additional oxygen bearing nitrometh ane addition detrimental carbon de posits accumulated inside sometimes outside engine unburned hydrocarbon residue benzene Some amounts carbon varnishing also prevalent castor oil varied purity refinement oil Sometime early 1960s alternate lubricants began emerge Other natural vegetable oils synthetic substitutes came popular Derivatives soy bean oil gained popularity commercial fuels such RAMM K&B speed About same time functional fluids developed Union Carbide also gained recognition history synthetic lubricants actually dates back post WW II family fluids developed particular purpose mind replace use vegetable- petro leum-base oils compressors auto motive brake systems attendant prob lems rancidity breakdown carbon 38 Model Aviation John Kilsdonk records temperature data Art Adamisen adjusts needle valve test engine sludge varnish formation under exten ded use higher temperature require ments time led Union Carbide develop better lubricant brake fluid base namely polyalkylene glycols success called hydrolubes immediate due apparent ad vantages longer life greater stability better lubrication improved viscosity characteristics lack sludge carbon formation Simply stated Union Carbide bell ringer Additional research additives re sulted desirable series fluids Due favorable solubility ranges special Ucon fluids readily modified various stabilizers antioxidants wetting agents further enhanced broad use oils modificatuons thereof An out growth course fluids used some model engine fuels first introduced synthetic oils 1963 very good friend Harry Roe Like others have found success oils ever since initial contact UCON LB-625 functioned very well fact primarily used oil until 1974 switched new UCON MA-731 problem ever incurred LB-625 wac after running engine humid day engine oiled couple drops 3-in-i oil something similar prevent rusting internal iron surfaces rusting oxidation problem occurred early UCON fluids new UCON oils MA-731 MA-2270 addition Klotz others now contain anti-oxidant oil-after-running routine isnt necessary although still good safeguard prefer Meanwhile chemical manufacturers eventually picked up ball now also produce similar fluids Others time began purchase base oils add own mystery additives re-market products under different names situa tion has led lot claims concerning oil does what Most claims least modelers based scientific March1976 39 Left Measuring power output rpm Rossi 15 engine Note thermo couple leads Above OS 35 under field test test run 30 seconds maximum rpm Thermocouple extension lead wires also show Below Dave Adamisin measuring power input Supertigre 35 engine Most opinions past based upon hearsay Instrumented exhaust adaptor used side-exhaust engines thermo couple glow plug washer used measure cylinder head temperatures Digital thermocouple temperature indicator used tests Since 1960 fuel lubricants additives have continuously evolved Test us Z Engine OSSI S5r Slow Plug 6 DEL CeedltlonsffPdb ffPwb IL%RN Standard Prep /0-6 *ldM C P Test Prep /O-3a FUELESTI OPT RUT AAT RPM lOT OPTI RUT AAT1 LLJBRICANIS20%blend %niLrO %methanol 9 -625- 627 5/ MA 731 0 CQMMERCIAL FUELSIInitroi AS /00 A -/O %IJ Sfe r*rAU 6f*64NA -/2/20 r*orA.E -/5 A0 -/5 626 4 Iia 350 *6 6#15758 if~ 15 06 56 52 7 /00 Ao j4992 *0 6/ go 7-9 I0 7 753*7 7 55 aN 9 p 7 % 79 /0 IC Test No . Engine w Plug tsLL Cond4tlensP dh 8LP w b 4 %RH FUELe OPT RUT AAT RPM lOT SPY RUT AAT RPM LLIBRICANTS 20%blend 40 7 nitro 7 methanol ker A Castor CQMMERCIAL_lUELSInitro kA /000 4 650 17/79 40*/587 /65w 607 40679*6 S2 560 51/ 71 65Z 4I 75 1i ~DO 20 7 402 *0 AL 156 / EL ir Teat N. L Eng1neLiL.. Slow Plug dZO 625 Condltloned2*Fdb ZFwb 7j%RH Standard Prep &.erE6 8-8 FUELlOT OPT RUT ALT RPM ROT OPT RET LAY RPM LLLBlllANISao7blend ~7niLrn/5methanOI A Crseznr leffox cYL 625 Klotz SPF KL 200 Iii IN MATh U0N MA 2270 CfMMRClALVLSI%nrtroi AV4E4/A4 -651655t 6/a 30 J- //3 *4 1p iSO 522 //Z 40 3//03 6/0 320 620 3 oj TeetNe Engine Ai7 Plug 6& 555 Conditions A2Pdb 4Pwb 84%RH charts two pages belong fuel lubricant survey testify thoroughness testing recording proof Rather go something like X oil runs cooler Y oil queried determined usually respond saying felt muffler fingers something similar No account made changes weather conditions fuel mixture time skin sensitivity Additional claims may also involve performance increases usually also can discredited test technique examined personally have used other brands oils time another tried some magic additives could see no firm proof better UCON oils using really never changed data presented article represents attempt confirm reject least some what scientifically suspicions similarities some popular lubricants fuel mixes data presented article based testing under somewhat controlled con ditions phenomena can explained least data pre sented both actual factual hearsay first part program volved running several engines dif ferent fuels lubricants monitoring critical temperatures performance fuel Five engines selected Rossi 15 FR OS-35 Stunt Supertigre G21-35 OS 4OSR Enya 60 R/C felt series engines best represented good cross-section competition engines addition having distinct differences basic design displacement operat ing range engines selected well stabilized set up competition use engine instrumented meas ure three critical temperatures cylinder head exhaust gas rear crankcase bearing felt temperatures would indicate lubrication qualities possible friction differences would affect temperatures However no test practical determine varnish other deposit formations remains Stendard Prep 892rZ 7-6 Test Prep FUELEaT SPT RET AATRPM 1ST UPT RUT AAT RPM -625 50 350 660 J Izzzz 6 170 COMMERCIAL FUELS%nitro 7 q-j 54V-/**J55 j 4VA6444f- So fg0%655 450 0 AZ z~rI/ 0966035 6A 4 AZ 5 6/ 09 open issue Type-I I-C thermocouples fabri cated adapt glow plug washer GPT exhaust adapter EGT outside crankcase near rear bearing RBT defense GPT RBT measurement techniques felt temperatures although abso lute would relative same engine Since engine would act independently series fuels tested no comparisons would made between engines approach considered practical 40 Model Aviation x2C SPl KL-2M /2 / 7 0 // 9/2 -F 7 4 5 Stenderd Prop 8- 4' -Test Prep 7r5 Os 7 89 __4/ /5 15 42*3* 377 06 65 5 2687585_ 632 1r* 7666A1 640 4/676*5~ZA 558 J71 -60/ #050/ *1 *23ff ~ 62o450$2 6 4 7 K&fl X 5 4 Test Prop &v~/ Ow --565266E05 72j0t55 *5 6A0756 572674 *6 ____ g 271 /06 *5 / Mn5Ja -5 I-LLLBR1ANIS 20%blend %nitro io7methenol 1ir A Caetnr 7 S I-4 UcON MA 2270 S 7flE -50 FIMLEOT OPT UT AAT PM lOT OPTT AAT PU J&HLCANTS IziIblendl rnssmehanoI /4Baker A Lastur3V3776///f leffux OL6276252/776/ 3K&B X2Czt76soA 1 otz SPI KL200 740335775/2W 74232576*2/4 Ds 0vL 55k oL /0%762 337 28 4 SI L AVA6AJ4AI /229 773 SsST 75 4 /8 Z1E760306*4/ 4/5/546753~g~ *8 / ~/7663 3 254683 3~6l-352546]7503e76*5j /0 ME25W766326jSZ2 660 /5}76630o75*4/ 6Vr~en -22iSVf276DV As performance indicator engine tested two propellers stan dard flying prop test prop simulate in-flight rpm felt phase test would best represent perform ance increases obtained through fuel under test series different fuels both commercially mixed home-brews using various lubricants would tested engine running test sequence would ac complished shortest possible time reduce atmospheric effects Inquiries sent major lubricant fuel sup pliers outlining intended test procedures asking additional advice help might have offer Some responded fuel oil samples others did respond balance prod ucts provided off hobby shop shelf Six different lubricants selected home-brewed various amounts nitromethane oils selected Klotz KL-200 K&B X2C Jeffox OL-625 Ucon MA-731 Ucon MA-2270 good old Bakers AA Castor oil oils selected represent basic cross section current usage home-brew fuels carefully blended using 20% Volume oil nitro content fuel selected representative fuel normally used respective test engine OS stunt engine fuel con tained 10% nitro Enya 60 R/C mix 25% nitro ST-35 combat mix 40% nitro Rossi 15 goodyear mix 50% nitro 05 40 rat race/pylon mix 65% nitro balance fuel made up entirely methanol So fuel contained three ingredients test oil nitromethane methanol per centages measured volume digress just minute will note continually state fuels mixed volume ideal tech nique Most chemical densities vary temperature some others Therefore using volume mixing technique temperature must always considered real safe method ensure consistency mix fuels weight ingredient must know exact specific gravity ingredient maintain accurate volume mixing ratios unsuspecting fuel-brewer has amazed find out lets say 50 ounces nitro 30 ounces methanol 20 ounces oil blended together did give him 100 ounces fuel something less caused chemical reactions between ingredients change composition resultant den sity However volume mixing method generally used sake convenience addition commercially available pre mixed fuels selected based similar nitro contents Some variations nitro content commercial fuels also selected solely comparison purposes wzvsro mw Trs hof Client F 041 A.0 SO 00/ pndf~d Client Ne___________________ Test Pep conduct test solicited help Art Dave Adamisin bright clear calm Saturday morning June three us loaded car pick-up truck full test equipment fuel other sup plies headed out middle 80-acre field conduct testing set up test equipment including digital thermocouple temperature indicator powered car battery via DC-AC inverter began running engines recording data verifying thermocouple calibrations re-checking data etc testing done somewhat sheltered area minimize effects wind direc tion velocity Ten hours later called quits confident data accurate sure what meant typical test went something like fuel tank flushed rinsed pure methanol allowed dry test fuel added engine started run up held peak rpm Im mediately EGT RBT tempera tures stabilized however GPT took approximately 30 seconds stabilize being monitored outside com bustion chamber heat transfer through cylinder head took about 30 seconds stabilize glow plug washer temperature readings stabilized recorded engine stopped point second propeller installed engine test se quence repeated fuel tank again rinsed sequence repeated another fuel fuels selected somewhat random fashion eliminate possible residual effects previous run Also periodic re-runs fuels made ensure test consistency Along engine temperatures NQtnfltLC Fuenigan 4000 2 MYSICAL TEST FSULTS Un4t/hngoomele55 J11 dos4IJ j z 1 111 . L L 2 111 1 1 1 1 2E1 E..l376 ini-~ . L L .L L L4656165 OL_~o U43123 11 LLL~1 212 ~4306076 UUU7O 62311111131112~aS 1495s6C Li March 1976 41 Test N . Engine FvsOS o e/c ese -amoL Cedbeimseo4Vdh Uwb INN 3oand Nap 4o-MO /2-6 CIEWLANO TECHNOCAI CENTER INC 13600 D.w Ae.ne C*.d.d Ole 44110 61 4614460 Fuels Lubricants monitored ambient air temperature AAT wet bulb wb dry bulb db temperature recorded relative humidity RH calculated Other notes worthy mention glow plug failure experienced very first run OS stunt engine things test prop 2404 ,ia CG4 0000eo P 2, -r43 fIr ffi 2 5309000MICRONS isO200000 10 -0 24000000 020000 000060 40003500020002000 izLii 4t I0-0 -v -5----I---V~Ll2*~- I2k i222IYi selected ST-35 combat engine showed little rpm increase over flying prop tested engine Castor Oil fuel tested 05-40 engine pre vious experience indicated would blend 65% nitro mixture Rossi 15 RBT thermocouple failed onset no data obtained loca tion Enya 60 R/G engine last tested test prop run 5- 0010004 ISA200200 04300520 00004 sototo 01. j---------- --.--- I-- 4 -I2 4320 40000000200250020001000 7000001000434064 00200200 3 fT--4-- 0000001100000000000050000000400 .t & ..0044 040400ff ____________ Tr1~V r3Th.pz4-o~ tn Yifl rnd iiY llLfliY dz deemed unnecessary frankly point three us thoroughly worn out data presented individual analysis However some notes com ments order Because meas urement techniques involved feel following limits should considered RPM rpm EGT RBT * 050F GPT limits based observed general fluctuations over 30-second time span Furthermore should cautious evaluating data because accuracy limits considered temp erature differences indicated between fuel another represent small percen tage differences Another factor may slight errors involved mixture per centages both home-brews manufacturers Above attempt compare data engine another indicated temper atures relative test engine basic assumption engine tem peratures affected three factors power friction cooling same engine cooling effects should similar same prop speed rpm ambient weather conditions Therefore part power friction should reasons temperature changes However fuels higher methanol lower nitro content may respond increase exhaust gas temperature due continu ing combustion methanol exhaust port 05-35 Data however head tem perature GPT should reduced less nitromethane Also interestingly RBT times less ambient attributed cooling effect methanol vaporization within crank case summation 134 tests con ducted 53 different fuels phase program results tabulated can draw own conclusions interpretation data tends confirm initial suspicions very little difference fuels same nitro content appears some initial differences however limits previously mentioned considered differences represent such small percentage consider negligible OS Stunt engine test seat-of pants impression straight 20% oil home-brew fuels using straight synthetic oils did respond needlevalve adjustments well castor oil fuels fuels using 20% synthetic oil Nitrotane Magnum blends conclusion based feel specific data Since stunt engine must respond twocycle four-cycle condition smoothly considered critical situation appears use straight castor 20% or synthetic oils about 42 Model Aviation 134 tests conducted 53 different fuels spectographical analysissee chartswas made additional data 41 L-iKLxiAL-zz-ThJ 1300 200 1100 l 000 000 000 600 500 400 25% mix condition will satisfied will have experiment field tests particular engine see what minimum oil content good response might other tests no conclusive feel handling characteristic could noted second part test program volved having six base lubricants chemically analyzed phase ap proached two different manners Con currently samples oil sent independent laboratories separate analysis source performed spectrochemical analysis identified various ele ments present along physical tests flash point viscosity data element variations conse quence Klotz displayed Boron Sodium additives both Ucon oils displayed Phosphorus additive physical test results show reasonable con sistency except high viscosity Castor Oil other source ran Infra-red spectro graph curves oil technique used identify various chemical com pounds IR curves actually foot prints compounds other words compound fluid case has char acteristic curve under test curves useful chemists identifying unknown fluids since reference curves exist base fluid addition additives fluids alter IR curves identifiable fashion IR curves presented personal review analysis curves tolerance approximately * 5% continued page 79 40MICRONS SO6090 ro Th17fl7F T1 t H 00 Ti~ K FXE3 3m3003ONON 3003oo 003000 SO0090 I3 7 -F -7 4-t -- T-p1-7--II 3300300023002000300 23303320 MICRONS 300080 00-C3 jill 4 i ~A-7- ---424 - -I~1[ 1 0200300 150000230 0390 0031C90*2S3000023 -__ 3 3 00AA Lo - -ILI.PLZ4i JnttIc0023, -- .2r........ ____ 0390000001C9302S so000230 -_ 000 I l T0 --I-I-----1 ION12001100ION000840000000ONd -I March1976 43 Ready testing Enya 60 R/C engine attachment thermocouple lead crankcase clearly shown An OS Max 40 instrumented prior testing Three critical tempera tures measured cylinder head exhaust gas rear case bearing ION0 011001000900ON00000030235 _______IZhLJM 330030002ON3mION allowable point due equipment calibration limitations oil has two IR curves done encompass complete spectra fluid will note five synthetic oils curves basically same ex cept minor variations certain wave lengths frequencies charac teristic polyalkylene glycol curves Dis regard variations extreme left right maximum minimum fre quency curve variations due linearity other calibration dif ferences near frequency extremes chart fundamental variation basic difference occurs castor oil am told curve similar other vegetable oils soybean coconut peanut etc differences noted synthetic oils certain wave lengths arc generated presence inorganic compounds added oils manufacturers oil vendors additives may result basis claims various sources oil better another oil case Klotz additive may well Sodium Borate compound common motor oil additive over 20 years Ucon Oils indicated phosphate additive may well TCP Tn resyl phsphate Specific examination curves show inorganic blocking tight transmission specific wavelengths depicting respective trace elements sodium boron phosphorus confirmed spectrochemical analysis also chemical analysis synthetic lubricants tends further strengthen initial suspicions little differ ence synthetic oils feel certain fundamental conclu sions can drawn exercise First all base lubricants tested ap peared similar effectiveness includes age-old standard castor oil Although five synthetic oils again dis played no consistent trend re spective effectiveness some subtle chemical differences noted IR curves Secondly pre-mixed commercial fuels despite variations oil type percentage mix responded similar Admittedly results short dura tion tests conducted survey may representative what could expected under continual use However intent test determine possible friction and/or performance differences both appeared negligible using techniques noted Perhaps some detrimen tal problems can experienced under continual use certain lubricants appears basis claims resulting additives magic substi tutes open issue remains up user determine invited re view data presented also test techniques can draw own conclusions So have sincerely hope certain misconceptions false claims have somewhat clarified Perhaps could have tested Undoubtedly other mixture percentages could have tested along combi nations various oils mixed together Additionally other engine combinations could also have tested along idle characteristics interest being practical information presented what thought best approach intend imply am self pro claimed expert matter second-guessers Monday morn ing quarterbacks reading say guest add two cents worth also Hopefully will based facts hearsay would like acknowledge help following various manufacturers cooperated supplying various prod ucts information Dave Art Adamisin help field testing Joes Hobby Center cooperation obtaining certain products lastly Harry Roe chemical interpretations advice March1976 79 ne wprimabIe H new concept glow plug design permits priming directly combustion chamber rapid all-weather starts risk crankcase flooding due over choking priming feature indispensable used conjunction muffler equipped fully cowled engines Equally important HEAD START has achieved lowest reliable idle especially used high performance engines equipped fuel pressure systems combined large venturi carburetors Long life achieved through use wide convolution platinum alloy filament PATENT PENDING NJ Residents add 5% Sales tax CONTEST PROST PLACE PATTERN END ICOTT NY d1 ROSS Schnuerle 61 Bantam Model Products has supplied some Americas top competition pilots plugs field test performances results phenomenal proving time time again reliability performance PRIMABLE Squeeze bottle prime through center electrode youre off HEAD START IDLE Phenomenally low reliable Standard Model -$175 ea RIC Model $200 ea Both Lone Short Reach SEE YOUR DEALER IF NOT AVAILABLE ORDER DIRECT ADD 50d outside US $100 FOR POSTAGE AND HANDLING Fuels Lubricants continued aaae 43
Edition: Model Aviation - 1976/03
Page Numbers: 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 79
With fuels market secret ingredients its difficult consumer make heads tails out picture some useful data THIS IS NOT product report nor endorsement product manu facturer supplier model engine fuels lubricants intended solely pre sent facts based experimental data ob tained through standard test procedures inspiration article has come talk opinions hearsay claims whatever have existed concerning model engine lubricants primarily syn thetic oils seems lately everyone fuel business Toledo Show count ed 13 different booths advertising fuels lubricants additives Fifteen years ago modeler very limited choice maybe Fox Cox K&B Power Mist Nitro X hobby shops Now has seemingly unlimited choice brands nitro contents years castor oil accepted standard used mixing model engine fuels part quite effective did however have some draw backs especially fuel mixtures high nitromethane contents mixtures above approximately 23 parts nitrometh ane 1 part castor oil co-solvent such nitrobenzene added partic ular additive gave exotic fuels familiar shoe-polish smell However Straight Talk FueL Lubricari John F Kilsdonk addition nitrobenzene part coun teracted power benefits obtained additional oxygen bearing nitrometh ane addition detrimental carbon de posits accumulated inside sometimes outside engine unburned hydrocarbon residue benzene Some amounts carbon varnishing also prevalent castor oil varied purity refinement oil Sometime early 1960s alternate lubricants began emerge Other natural vegetable oils synthetic substitutes came popular Derivatives soy bean oil gained popularity commercial fuels such RAMM K&B speed About same time functional fluids developed Union Carbide also gained recognition history synthetic lubricants actually dates back post WW II family fluids developed particular purpose mind replace use vegetable- petro leum-base oils compressors auto motive brake systems attendant prob lems rancidity breakdown carbon 38 Model Aviation John Kilsdonk records temperature data Art Adamisen adjusts needle valve test engine sludge varnish formation under exten ded use higher temperature require ments time led Union Carbide develop better lubricant brake fluid base namely polyalkylene glycols success called hydrolubes immediate due apparent ad vantages longer life greater stability better lubrication improved viscosity characteristics lack sludge carbon formation Simply stated Union Carbide bell ringer Additional research additives re sulted desirable series fluids Due favorable solubility ranges special Ucon fluids readily modified various stabilizers antioxidants wetting agents further enhanced broad use oils modificatuons thereof An out growth course fluids used some model engine fuels first introduced synthetic oils 1963 very good friend Harry Roe Like others have found success oils ever since initial contact UCON LB-625 functioned very well fact primarily used oil until 1974 switched new UCON MA-731 problem ever incurred LB-625 wac after running engine humid day engine oiled couple drops 3-in-i oil something similar prevent rusting internal iron surfaces rusting oxidation problem occurred early UCON fluids new UCON oils MA-731 MA-2270 addition Klotz others now contain anti-oxidant oil-after-running routine isnt necessary although still good safeguard prefer Meanwhile chemical manufacturers eventually picked up ball now also produce similar fluids Others time began purchase base oils add own mystery additives re-market products under different names situa tion has led lot claims concerning oil does what Most claims least modelers based scientific March1976 39 Left Measuring power output rpm Rossi 15 engine Note thermo couple leads Above OS 35 under field test test run 30 seconds maximum rpm Thermocouple extension lead wires also show Below Dave Adamisin measuring power input Supertigre 35 engine Most opinions past based upon hearsay Instrumented exhaust adaptor used side-exhaust engines thermo couple glow plug washer used measure cylinder head temperatures Digital thermocouple temperature indicator used tests Since 1960 fuel lubricants additives have continuously evolved Test us Z Engine OSSI S5r Slow Plug 6 DEL CeedltlonsffPdb ffPwb IL%RN Standard Prep /0-6 *ldM C P Test Prep /O-3a FUELESTI OPT RUT AAT RPM lOT OPTI RUT AAT1 LLJBRICANIS20%blend %niLrO %methanol 9 -625- 627 5/ MA 731 0 CQMMERCIAL FUELSIInitroi AS /00 A -/O %IJ Sfe r*rAU 6f*64NA -/2/20 r*orA.E -/5 A0 -/5 626 4 Iia 350 *6 6#15758 if~ 15 06 56 52 7 /00 Ao j4992 *0 6/ go 7-9 I0 7 753*7 7 55 aN 9 p 7 % 79 /0 IC Test No . Engine w Plug tsLL Cond4tlensP dh 8LP w b 4 %RH FUELe OPT RUT AAT RPM lOT SPY RUT AAT RPM LLIBRICANTS 20%blend 40 7 nitro 7 methanol ker A Castor CQMMERCIAL_lUELSInitro kA /000 4 650 17/79 40*/587 /65w 607 40679*6 S2 560 51/ 71 65Z 4I 75 1i ~DO 20 7 402 *0 AL 156 / EL ir Teat N. L Eng1neLiL.. Slow Plug dZO 625 Condltloned2*Fdb ZFwb 7j%RH Standard Prep &.erE6 8-8 FUELlOT OPT RUT ALT RPM ROT OPT RET LAY RPM LLLBlllANISao7blend ~7niLrn/5methanOI A Crseznr leffox cYL 625 Klotz SPF KL 200 Iii IN MATh U0N MA 2270 CfMMRClALVLSI%nrtroi AV4E4/A4 -651655t 6/a 30 J- //3 *4 1p iSO 522 //Z 40 3//03 6/0 320 620 3 oj TeetNe Engine Ai7 Plug 6& 555 Conditions A2Pdb 4Pwb 84%RH charts two pages belong fuel lubricant survey testify thoroughness testing recording proof Rather go something like X oil runs cooler Y oil queried determined usually respond saying felt muffler fingers something similar No account made changes weather conditions fuel mixture time skin sensitivity Additional claims may also involve performance increases usually also can discredited test technique examined personally have used other brands oils time another tried some magic additives could see no firm proof better UCON oils using really never changed data presented article represents attempt confirm reject least some what scientifically suspicions similarities some popular lubricants fuel mixes data presented article based testing under somewhat controlled con ditions phenomena can explained least data pre sented both actual factual hearsay first part program volved running several engines dif ferent fuels lubricants monitoring critical temperatures performance fuel Five engines selected Rossi 15 FR OS-35 Stunt Supertigre G21-35 OS 4OSR Enya 60 R/C felt series engines best represented good cross-section competition engines addition having distinct differences basic design displacement operat ing range engines selected well stabilized set up competition use engine instrumented meas ure three critical temperatures cylinder head exhaust gas rear crankcase bearing felt temperatures would indicate lubrication qualities possible friction differences would affect temperatures However no test practical determine varnish other deposit formations remains Stendard Prep 892rZ 7-6 Test Prep FUELEaT SPT RET AATRPM 1ST UPT RUT AAT RPM -625 50 350 660 J Izzzz 6 170 COMMERCIAL FUELS%nitro 7 q-j 54V-/**J55 j 4VA6444f- So fg0%655 450 0 AZ z~rI/ 0966035 6A 4 AZ 5 6/ 09 open issue Type-I I-C thermocouples fabri cated adapt glow plug washer GPT exhaust adapter EGT outside crankcase near rear bearing RBT defense GPT RBT measurement techniques felt temperatures although abso lute would relative same engine Since engine would act independently series fuels tested no comparisons would made between engines approach considered practical 40 Model Aviation x2C SPl KL-2M /2 / 7 0 // 9/2 -F 7 4 5 Stenderd Prop 8- 4' -Test Prep 7r5 Os 7 89 __4/ /5 15 42*3* 377 06 65 5 2687585_ 632 1r* 7666A1 640 4/676*5~ZA 558 J71 -60/ #050/ *1 *23ff ~ 62o450$2 6 4 7 K&fl X 5 4 Test Prop &v~/ Ow --565266E05 72j0t55 *5 6A0756 572674 *6 ____ g 271 /06 *5 / Mn5Ja -5 I-LLLBR1ANIS 20%blend %nitro io7methenol 1ir A Caetnr 7 S I-4 UcON MA 2270 S 7flE -50 FIMLEOT OPT UT AAT PM lOT OPTT AAT PU J&HLCANTS IziIblendl rnssmehanoI /4Baker A Lastur3V3776///f leffux OL6276252/776/ 3K&B X2Czt76soA 1 otz SPI KL200 740335775/2W 74232576*2/4 Ds 0vL 55k oL /0%762 337 28 4 SI L AVA6AJ4AI /229 773 SsST 75 4 /8 Z1E760306*4/ 4/5/546753~g~ *8 / ~/7663 3 254683 3~6l-352546]7503e76*5j /0 ME25W766326jSZ2 660 /5}76630o75*4/ 6Vr~en -22iSVf276DV As performance indicator engine tested two propellers stan dard flying prop test prop simulate in-flight rpm felt phase test would best represent perform ance increases obtained through fuel under test series different fuels both commercially mixed home-brews using various lubricants would tested engine running test sequence would ac complished shortest possible time reduce atmospheric effects Inquiries sent major lubricant fuel sup pliers outlining intended test procedures asking additional advice help might have offer Some responded fuel oil samples others did respond balance prod ucts provided off hobby shop shelf Six different lubricants selected home-brewed various amounts nitromethane oils selected Klotz KL-200 K&B X2C Jeffox OL-625 Ucon MA-731 Ucon MA-2270 good old Bakers AA Castor oil oils selected represent basic cross section current usage home-brew fuels carefully blended using 20% Volume oil nitro content fuel selected representative fuel normally used respective test engine OS stunt engine fuel con tained 10% nitro Enya 60 R/C mix 25% nitro ST-35 combat mix 40% nitro Rossi 15 goodyear mix 50% nitro 05 40 rat race/pylon mix 65% nitro balance fuel made up entirely methanol So fuel contained three ingredients test oil nitromethane methanol per centages measured volume digress just minute will note continually state fuels mixed volume ideal tech nique Most chemical densities vary temperature some others Therefore using volume mixing technique temperature must always considered real safe method ensure consistency mix fuels weight ingredient must know exact specific gravity ingredient maintain accurate volume mixing ratios unsuspecting fuel-brewer has amazed find out lets say 50 ounces nitro 30 ounces methanol 20 ounces oil blended together did give him 100 ounces fuel something less caused chemical reactions between ingredients change composition resultant den sity However volume mixing method generally used sake convenience addition commercially available pre mixed fuels selected based similar nitro contents Some variations nitro content commercial fuels also selected solely comparison purposes wzvsro mw Trs hof Client F 041 A.0 SO 00/ pndf~d Client Ne___________________ Test Pep conduct test solicited help Art Dave Adamisin bright clear calm Saturday morning June three us loaded car pick-up truck full test equipment fuel other sup plies headed out middle 80-acre field conduct testing set up test equipment including digital thermocouple temperature indicator powered car battery via DC-AC inverter began running engines recording data verifying thermocouple calibrations re-checking data etc testing done somewhat sheltered area minimize effects wind direc tion velocity Ten hours later called quits confident data accurate sure what meant typical test went something like fuel tank flushed rinsed pure methanol allowed dry test fuel added engine started run up held peak rpm Im mediately EGT RBT tempera tures stabilized however GPT took approximately 30 seconds stabilize being monitored outside com bustion chamber heat transfer through cylinder head took about 30 seconds stabilize glow plug washer temperature readings stabilized recorded engine stopped point second propeller installed engine test se quence repeated fuel tank again rinsed sequence repeated another fuel fuels selected somewhat random fashion eliminate possible residual effects previous run Also periodic re-runs fuels made ensure test consistency Along engine temperatures NQtnfltLC Fuenigan 4000 2 MYSICAL TEST FSULTS Un4t/hngoomele55 J11 dos4IJ j z 1 111 . L L 2 111 1 1 1 1 2E1 E..l376 ini-~ . L L .L L L4656165 OL_~o U43123 11 LLL~1 212 ~4306076 UUU7O 62311111131112~aS 1495s6C Li March 1976 41 Test N . Engine FvsOS o e/c ese -amoL Cedbeimseo4Vdh Uwb INN 3oand Nap 4o-MO /2-6 CIEWLANO TECHNOCAI CENTER INC 13600 D.w Ae.ne C*.d.d Ole 44110 61 4614460 Fuels Lubricants monitored ambient air temperature AAT wet bulb wb dry bulb db temperature recorded relative humidity RH calculated Other notes worthy mention glow plug failure experienced very first run OS stunt engine things test prop 2404 ,ia CG4 0000eo P 2, -r43 fIr ffi 2 5309000MICRONS isO200000 10 -0 24000000 020000 000060 40003500020002000 izLii 4t I0-0 -v -5----I---V~Ll2*~- I2k i222IYi selected ST-35 combat engine showed little rpm increase over flying prop tested engine Castor Oil fuel tested 05-40 engine pre vious experience indicated would blend 65% nitro mixture Rossi 15 RBT thermocouple failed onset no data obtained loca tion Enya 60 R/G engine last tested test prop run 5- 0010004 ISA200200 04300520 00004 sototo 01. j---------- --.--- I-- 4 -I2 4320 40000000200250020001000 7000001000434064 00200200 3 fT--4-- 0000001100000000000050000000400 .t & ..0044 040400ff ____________ Tr1~V r3Th.pz4-o~ tn Yifl rnd iiY llLfliY dz deemed unnecessary frankly point three us thoroughly worn out data presented individual analysis However some notes com ments order Because meas urement techniques involved feel following limits should considered RPM rpm EGT RBT * 050F GPT limits based observed general fluctuations over 30-second time span Furthermore should cautious evaluating data because accuracy limits considered temp erature differences indicated between fuel another represent small percen tage differences Another factor may slight errors involved mixture per centages both home-brews manufacturers Above attempt compare data engine another indicated temper atures relative test engine basic assumption engine tem peratures affected three factors power friction cooling same engine cooling effects should similar same prop speed rpm ambient weather conditions Therefore part power friction should reasons temperature changes However fuels higher methanol lower nitro content may respond increase exhaust gas temperature due continu ing combustion methanol exhaust port 05-35 Data however head tem perature GPT should reduced less nitromethane Also interestingly RBT times less ambient attributed cooling effect methanol vaporization within crank case summation 134 tests con ducted 53 different fuels phase program results tabulated can draw own conclusions interpretation data tends confirm initial suspicions very little difference fuels same nitro content appears some initial differences however limits previously mentioned considered differences represent such small percentage consider negligible OS Stunt engine test seat-of pants impression straight 20% oil home-brew fuels using straight synthetic oils did respond needlevalve adjustments well castor oil fuels fuels using 20% synthetic oil Nitrotane Magnum blends conclusion based feel specific data Since stunt engine must respond twocycle four-cycle condition smoothly considered critical situation appears use straight castor 20% or synthetic oils about 42 Model Aviation 134 tests conducted 53 different fuels spectographical analysissee chartswas made additional data 41 L-iKLxiAL-zz-ThJ 1300 200 1100 l 000 000 000 600 500 400 25% mix condition will satisfied will have experiment field tests particular engine see what minimum oil content good response might other tests no conclusive feel handling characteristic could noted second part test program volved having six base lubricants chemically analyzed phase ap proached two different manners Con currently samples oil sent independent laboratories separate analysis source performed spectrochemical analysis identified various ele ments present along physical tests flash point viscosity data element variations conse quence Klotz displayed Boron Sodium additives both Ucon oils displayed Phosphorus additive physical test results show reasonable con sistency except high viscosity Castor Oil other source ran Infra-red spectro graph curves oil technique used identify various chemical com pounds IR curves actually foot prints compounds other words compound fluid case has char acteristic curve under test curves useful chemists identifying unknown fluids since reference curves exist base fluid addition additives fluids alter IR curves identifiable fashion IR curves presented personal review analysis curves tolerance approximately * 5% continued page 79 40MICRONS SO6090 ro Th17fl7F T1 t H 00 Ti~ K FXE3 3m3003ONON 3003oo 003000 SO0090 I3 7 -F -7 4-t -- T-p1-7--II 3300300023002000300 23303320 MICRONS 300080 00-C3 jill 4 i ~A-7- ---424 - -I~1[ 1 0200300 150000230 0390 0031C90*2S3000023 -__ 3 3 00AA Lo - -ILI.PLZ4i JnttIc0023, -- .2r........ ____ 0390000001C9302S so000230 -_ 000 I l T0 --I-I-----1 ION12001100ION000840000000ONd -I March1976 43 Ready testing Enya 60 R/C engine attachment thermocouple lead crankcase clearly shown An OS Max 40 instrumented prior testing Three critical tempera tures measured cylinder head exhaust gas rear case bearing ION0 011001000900ON00000030235 _______IZhLJM 330030002ON3mION allowable point due equipment calibration limitations oil has two IR curves done encompass complete spectra fluid will note five synthetic oils curves basically same ex cept minor variations certain wave lengths frequencies charac teristic polyalkylene glycol curves Dis regard variations extreme left right maximum minimum fre quency curve variations due linearity other calibration dif ferences near frequency extremes chart fundamental variation basic difference occurs castor oil am told curve similar other vegetable oils soybean coconut peanut etc differences noted synthetic oils certain wave lengths arc generated presence inorganic compounds added oils manufacturers oil vendors additives may result basis claims various sources oil better another oil case Klotz additive may well Sodium Borate compound common motor oil additive over 20 years Ucon Oils indicated phosphate additive may well TCP Tn resyl phsphate Specific examination curves show inorganic blocking tight transmission specific wavelengths depicting respective trace elements sodium boron phosphorus confirmed spectrochemical analysis also chemical analysis synthetic lubricants tends further strengthen initial suspicions little differ ence synthetic oils feel certain fundamental conclu sions can drawn exercise First all base lubricants tested ap peared similar effectiveness includes age-old standard castor oil Although five synthetic oils again dis played no consistent trend re spective effectiveness some subtle chemical differences noted IR curves Secondly pre-mixed commercial fuels despite variations oil type percentage mix responded similar Admittedly results short dura tion tests conducted survey may representative what could expected under continual use However intent test determine possible friction and/or performance differences both appeared negligible using techniques noted Perhaps some detrimen tal problems can experienced under continual use certain lubricants appears basis claims resulting additives magic substi tutes open issue remains up user determine invited re view data presented also test techniques can draw own conclusions So have sincerely hope certain misconceptions false claims have somewhat clarified Perhaps could have tested Undoubtedly other mixture percentages could have tested along combi nations various oils mixed together Additionally other engine combinations could also have tested along idle characteristics interest being practical information presented what thought best approach intend imply am self pro claimed expert matter second-guessers Monday morn ing quarterbacks reading say guest add two cents worth also Hopefully will based facts hearsay would like acknowledge help following various manufacturers cooperated supplying various prod ucts information Dave Art Adamisin help field testing Joes Hobby Center cooperation obtaining certain products lastly Harry Roe chemical interpretations advice March1976 79 ne wprimabIe H new concept glow plug design permits priming directly combustion chamber rapid all-weather starts risk crankcase flooding due over choking priming feature indispensable used conjunction muffler equipped fully cowled engines Equally important HEAD START has achieved lowest reliable idle especially used high performance engines equipped fuel pressure systems combined large venturi carburetors Long life achieved through use wide convolution platinum alloy filament PATENT PENDING NJ Residents add 5% Sales tax CONTEST PROST PLACE PATTERN END ICOTT NY d1 ROSS Schnuerle 61 Bantam Model Products has supplied some Americas top competition pilots plugs field test performances results phenomenal proving time time again reliability performance PRIMABLE Squeeze bottle prime through center electrode youre off HEAD START IDLE Phenomenally low reliable Standard Model -$175 ea RIC Model $200 ea Both Lone Short Reach SEE YOUR DEALER IF NOT AVAILABLE ORDER DIRECT ADD 50d outside US $100 FOR POSTAGE AND HANDLING Fuels Lubricants continued aaae 43
Edition: Model Aviation - 1976/03
Page Numbers: 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 79
With fuels market secret ingredients its difficult consumer make heads tails out picture some useful data THIS IS NOT product report nor endorsement product manu facturer supplier model engine fuels lubricants intended solely pre sent facts based experimental data ob tained through standard test procedures inspiration article has come talk opinions hearsay claims whatever have existed concerning model engine lubricants primarily syn thetic oils seems lately everyone fuel business Toledo Show count ed 13 different booths advertising fuels lubricants additives Fifteen years ago modeler very limited choice maybe Fox Cox K&B Power Mist Nitro X hobby shops Now has seemingly unlimited choice brands nitro contents years castor oil accepted standard used mixing model engine fuels part quite effective did however have some draw backs especially fuel mixtures high nitromethane contents mixtures above approximately 23 parts nitrometh ane 1 part castor oil co-solvent such nitrobenzene added partic ular additive gave exotic fuels familiar shoe-polish smell However Straight Talk FueL Lubricari John F Kilsdonk addition nitrobenzene part coun teracted power benefits obtained additional oxygen bearing nitrometh ane addition detrimental carbon de posits accumulated inside sometimes outside engine unburned hydrocarbon residue benzene Some amounts carbon varnishing also prevalent castor oil varied purity refinement oil Sometime early 1960s alternate lubricants began emerge Other natural vegetable oils synthetic substitutes came popular Derivatives soy bean oil gained popularity commercial fuels such RAMM K&B speed About same time functional fluids developed Union Carbide also gained recognition history synthetic lubricants actually dates back post WW II family fluids developed particular purpose mind replace use vegetable- petro leum-base oils compressors auto motive brake systems attendant prob lems rancidity breakdown carbon 38 Model Aviation John Kilsdonk records temperature data Art Adamisen adjusts needle valve test engine sludge varnish formation under exten ded use higher temperature require ments time led Union Carbide develop better lubricant brake fluid base namely polyalkylene glycols success called hydrolubes immediate due apparent ad vantages longer life greater stability better lubrication improved viscosity characteristics lack sludge carbon formation Simply stated Union Carbide bell ringer Additional research additives re sulted desirable series fluids Due favorable solubility ranges special Ucon fluids readily modified various stabilizers antioxidants wetting agents further enhanced broad use oils modificatuons thereof An out growth course fluids used some model engine fuels first introduced synthetic oils 1963 very good friend Harry Roe Like others have found success oils ever since initial contact UCON LB-625 functioned very well fact primarily used oil until 1974 switched new UCON MA-731 problem ever incurred LB-625 wac after running engine humid day engine oiled couple drops 3-in-i oil something similar prevent rusting internal iron surfaces rusting oxidation problem occurred early UCON fluids new UCON oils MA-731 MA-2270 addition Klotz others now contain anti-oxidant oil-after-running routine isnt necessary although still good safeguard prefer Meanwhile chemical manufacturers eventually picked up ball now also produce similar fluids Others time began purchase base oils add own mystery additives re-market products under different names situa tion has led lot claims concerning oil does what Most claims least modelers based scientific March1976 39 Left Measuring power output rpm Rossi 15 engine Note thermo couple leads Above OS 35 under field test test run 30 seconds maximum rpm Thermocouple extension lead wires also show Below Dave Adamisin measuring power input Supertigre 35 engine Most opinions past based upon hearsay Instrumented exhaust adaptor used side-exhaust engines thermo couple glow plug washer used measure cylinder head temperatures Digital thermocouple temperature indicator used tests Since 1960 fuel lubricants additives have continuously evolved Test us Z Engine OSSI S5r Slow Plug 6 DEL CeedltlonsffPdb ffPwb IL%RN Standard Prep /0-6 *ldM C P Test Prep /O-3a FUELESTI OPT RUT AAT RPM lOT OPTI RUT AAT1 LLJBRICANIS20%blend %niLrO %methanol 9 -625- 627 5/ MA 731 0 CQMMERCIAL FUELSIInitroi AS /00 A -/O %IJ Sfe r*rAU 6f*64NA -/2/20 r*orA.E -/5 A0 -/5 626 4 Iia 350 *6 6#15758 if~ 15 06 56 52 7 /00 Ao j4992 *0 6/ go 7-9 I0 7 753*7 7 55 aN 9 p 7 % 79 /0 IC Test No . Engine w Plug tsLL Cond4tlensP dh 8LP w b 4 %RH FUELe OPT RUT AAT RPM lOT SPY RUT AAT RPM LLIBRICANTS 20%blend 40 7 nitro 7 methanol ker A Castor CQMMERCIAL_lUELSInitro kA /000 4 650 17/79 40*/587 /65w 607 40679*6 S2 560 51/ 71 65Z 4I 75 1i ~DO 20 7 402 *0 AL 156 / EL ir Teat N. L Eng1neLiL.. Slow Plug dZO 625 Condltloned2*Fdb ZFwb 7j%RH Standard Prep &.erE6 8-8 FUELlOT OPT RUT ALT RPM ROT OPT RET LAY RPM LLLBlllANISao7blend ~7niLrn/5methanOI A Crseznr leffox cYL 625 Klotz SPF KL 200 Iii IN MATh U0N MA 2270 CfMMRClALVLSI%nrtroi AV4E4/A4 -651655t 6/a 30 J- //3 *4 1p iSO 522 //Z 40 3//03 6/0 320 620 3 oj TeetNe Engine Ai7 Plug 6& 555 Conditions A2Pdb 4Pwb 84%RH charts two pages belong fuel lubricant survey testify thoroughness testing recording proof Rather go something like X oil runs cooler Y oil queried determined usually respond saying felt muffler fingers something similar No account made changes weather conditions fuel mixture time skin sensitivity Additional claims may also involve performance increases usually also can discredited test technique examined personally have used other brands oils time another tried some magic additives could see no firm proof better UCON oils using really never changed data presented article represents attempt confirm reject least some what scientifically suspicions similarities some popular lubricants fuel mixes data presented article based testing under somewhat controlled con ditions phenomena can explained least data pre sented both actual factual hearsay first part program volved running several engines dif ferent fuels lubricants monitoring critical temperatures performance fuel Five engines selected Rossi 15 FR OS-35 Stunt Supertigre G21-35 OS 4OSR Enya 60 R/C felt series engines best represented good cross-section competition engines addition having distinct differences basic design displacement operat ing range engines selected well stabilized set up competition use engine instrumented meas ure three critical temperatures cylinder head exhaust gas rear crankcase bearing felt temperatures would indicate lubrication qualities possible friction differences would affect temperatures However no test practical determine varnish other deposit formations remains Stendard Prep 892rZ 7-6 Test Prep FUELEaT SPT RET AATRPM 1ST UPT RUT AAT RPM -625 50 350 660 J Izzzz 6 170 COMMERCIAL FUELS%nitro 7 q-j 54V-/**J55 j 4VA6444f- So fg0%655 450 0 AZ z~rI/ 0966035 6A 4 AZ 5 6/ 09 open issue Type-I I-C thermocouples fabri cated adapt glow plug washer GPT exhaust adapter EGT outside crankcase near rear bearing RBT defense GPT RBT measurement techniques felt temperatures although abso lute would relative same engine Since engine would act independently series fuels tested no comparisons would made between engines approach considered practical 40 Model Aviation x2C SPl KL-2M /2 / 7 0 // 9/2 -F 7 4 5 Stenderd Prop 8- 4' -Test Prep 7r5 Os 7 89 __4/ /5 15 42*3* 377 06 65 5 2687585_ 632 1r* 7666A1 640 4/676*5~ZA 558 J71 -60/ #050/ *1 *23ff ~ 62o450$2 6 4 7 K&fl X 5 4 Test Prop &v~/ Ow --565266E05 72j0t55 *5 6A0756 572674 *6 ____ g 271 /06 *5 / Mn5Ja -5 I-LLLBR1ANIS 20%blend %nitro io7methenol 1ir A Caetnr 7 S I-4 UcON MA 2270 S 7flE -50 FIMLEOT OPT UT AAT PM lOT OPTT AAT PU J&HLCANTS IziIblendl rnssmehanoI /4Baker A Lastur3V3776///f leffux OL6276252/776/ 3K&B X2Czt76soA 1 otz SPI KL200 740335775/2W 74232576*2/4 Ds 0vL 55k oL /0%762 337 28 4 SI L AVA6AJ4AI /229 773 SsST 75 4 /8 Z1E760306*4/ 4/5/546753~g~ *8 / ~/7663 3 254683 3~6l-352546]7503e76*5j /0 ME25W766326jSZ2 660 /5}76630o75*4/ 6Vr~en -22iSVf276DV As performance indicator engine tested two propellers stan dard flying prop test prop simulate in-flight rpm felt phase test would best represent perform ance increases obtained through fuel under test series different fuels both commercially mixed home-brews using various lubricants would tested engine running test sequence would ac complished shortest possible time reduce atmospheric effects Inquiries sent major lubricant fuel sup pliers outlining intended test procedures asking additional advice help might have offer Some responded fuel oil samples others did respond balance prod ucts provided off hobby shop shelf Six different lubricants selected home-brewed various amounts nitromethane oils selected Klotz KL-200 K&B X2C Jeffox OL-625 Ucon MA-731 Ucon MA-2270 good old Bakers AA Castor oil oils selected represent basic cross section current usage home-brew fuels carefully blended using 20% Volume oil nitro content fuel selected representative fuel normally used respective test engine OS stunt engine fuel con tained 10% nitro Enya 60 R/C mix 25% nitro ST-35 combat mix 40% nitro Rossi 15 goodyear mix 50% nitro 05 40 rat race/pylon mix 65% nitro balance fuel made up entirely methanol So fuel contained three ingredients test oil nitromethane methanol per centages measured volume digress just minute will note continually state fuels mixed volume ideal tech nique Most chemical densities vary temperature some others Therefore using volume mixing technique temperature must always considered real safe method ensure consistency mix fuels weight ingredient must know exact specific gravity ingredient maintain accurate volume mixing ratios unsuspecting fuel-brewer has amazed find out lets say 50 ounces nitro 30 ounces methanol 20 ounces oil blended together did give him 100 ounces fuel something less caused chemical reactions between ingredients change composition resultant den sity However volume mixing method generally used sake convenience addition commercially available pre mixed fuels selected based similar nitro contents Some variations nitro content commercial fuels also selected solely comparison purposes wzvsro mw Trs hof Client F 041 A.0 SO 00/ pndf~d Client Ne___________________ Test Pep conduct test solicited help Art Dave Adamisin bright clear calm Saturday morning June three us loaded car pick-up truck full test equipment fuel other sup plies headed out middle 80-acre field conduct testing set up test equipment including digital thermocouple temperature indicator powered car battery via DC-AC inverter began running engines recording data verifying thermocouple calibrations re-checking data etc testing done somewhat sheltered area minimize effects wind direc tion velocity Ten hours later called quits confident data accurate sure what meant typical test went something like fuel tank flushed rinsed pure methanol allowed dry test fuel added engine started run up held peak rpm Im mediately EGT RBT tempera tures stabilized however GPT took approximately 30 seconds stabilize being monitored outside com bustion chamber heat transfer through cylinder head took about 30 seconds stabilize glow plug washer temperature readings stabilized recorded engine stopped point second propeller installed engine test se quence repeated fuel tank again rinsed sequence repeated another fuel fuels selected somewhat random fashion eliminate possible residual effects previous run Also periodic re-runs fuels made ensure test consistency Along engine temperatures NQtnfltLC Fuenigan 4000 2 MYSICAL TEST FSULTS Un4t/hngoomele55 J11 dos4IJ j z 1 111 . L L 2 111 1 1 1 1 2E1 E..l376 ini-~ . L L .L L L4656165 OL_~o U43123 11 LLL~1 212 ~4306076 UUU7O 62311111131112~aS 1495s6C Li March 1976 41 Test N . Engine FvsOS o e/c ese -amoL Cedbeimseo4Vdh Uwb INN 3oand Nap 4o-MO /2-6 CIEWLANO TECHNOCAI CENTER INC 13600 D.w Ae.ne C*.d.d Ole 44110 61 4614460 Fuels Lubricants monitored ambient air temperature AAT wet bulb wb dry bulb db temperature recorded relative humidity RH calculated Other notes worthy mention glow plug failure experienced very first run OS stunt engine things test prop 2404 ,ia CG4 0000eo P 2, -r43 fIr ffi 2 5309000MICRONS isO200000 10 -0 24000000 020000 000060 40003500020002000 izLii 4t I0-0 -v -5----I---V~Ll2*~- I2k i222IYi selected ST-35 combat engine showed little rpm increase over flying prop tested engine Castor Oil fuel tested 05-40 engine pre vious experience indicated would blend 65% nitro mixture Rossi 15 RBT thermocouple failed onset no data obtained loca tion Enya 60 R/G engine last tested test prop run 5- 0010004 ISA200200 04300520 00004 sototo 01. j---------- --.--- I-- 4 -I2 4320 40000000200250020001000 7000001000434064 00200200 3 fT--4-- 0000001100000000000050000000400 .t & ..0044 040400ff ____________ Tr1~V r3Th.pz4-o~ tn Yifl rnd iiY llLfliY dz deemed unnecessary frankly point three us thoroughly worn out data presented individual analysis However some notes com ments order Because meas urement techniques involved feel following limits should considered RPM rpm EGT RBT * 050F GPT limits based observed general fluctuations over 30-second time span Furthermore should cautious evaluating data because accuracy limits considered temp erature differences indicated between fuel another represent small percen tage differences Another factor may slight errors involved mixture per centages both home-brews manufacturers Above attempt compare data engine another indicated temper atures relative test engine basic assumption engine tem peratures affected three factors power friction cooling same engine cooling effects should similar same prop speed rpm ambient weather conditions Therefore part power friction should reasons temperature changes However fuels higher methanol lower nitro content may respond increase exhaust gas temperature due continu ing combustion methanol exhaust port 05-35 Data however head tem perature GPT should reduced less nitromethane Also interestingly RBT times less ambient attributed cooling effect methanol vaporization within crank case summation 134 tests con ducted 53 different fuels phase program results tabulated can draw own conclusions interpretation data tends confirm initial suspicions very little difference fuels same nitro content appears some initial differences however limits previously mentioned considered differences represent such small percentage consider negligible OS Stunt engine test seat-of pants impression straight 20% oil home-brew fuels using straight synthetic oils did respond needlevalve adjustments well castor oil fuels fuels using 20% synthetic oil Nitrotane Magnum blends conclusion based feel specific data Since stunt engine must respond twocycle four-cycle condition smoothly considered critical situation appears use straight castor 20% or synthetic oils about 42 Model Aviation 134 tests conducted 53 different fuels spectographical analysissee chartswas made additional data 41 L-iKLxiAL-zz-ThJ 1300 200 1100 l 000 000 000 600 500 400 25% mix condition will satisfied will have experiment field tests particular engine see what minimum oil content good response might other tests no conclusive feel handling characteristic could noted second part test program volved having six base lubricants chemically analyzed phase ap proached two different manners Con currently samples oil sent independent laboratories separate analysis source performed spectrochemical analysis identified various ele ments present along physical tests flash point viscosity data element variations conse quence Klotz displayed Boron Sodium additives both Ucon oils displayed Phosphorus additive physical test results show reasonable con sistency except high viscosity Castor Oil other source ran Infra-red spectro graph curves oil technique used identify various chemical com pounds IR curves actually foot prints compounds other words compound fluid case has char acteristic curve under test curves useful chemists identifying unknown fluids since reference curves exist base fluid addition additives fluids alter IR curves identifiable fashion IR curves presented personal review analysis curves tolerance approximately * 5% continued page 79 40MICRONS SO6090 ro Th17fl7F T1 t H 00 Ti~ K FXE3 3m3003ONON 3003oo 003000 SO0090 I3 7 -F -7 4-t -- T-p1-7--II 3300300023002000300 23303320 MICRONS 300080 00-C3 jill 4 i ~A-7- ---424 - -I~1[ 1 0200300 150000230 0390 0031C90*2S3000023 -__ 3 3 00AA Lo - -ILI.PLZ4i JnttIc0023, -- .2r........ ____ 0390000001C9302S so000230 -_ 000 I l T0 --I-I-----1 ION12001100ION000840000000ONd -I March1976 43 Ready testing Enya 60 R/C engine attachment thermocouple lead crankcase clearly shown An OS Max 40 instrumented prior testing Three critical tempera tures measured cylinder head exhaust gas rear case bearing ION0 011001000900ON00000030235 _______IZhLJM 330030002ON3mION allowable point due equipment calibration limitations oil has two IR curves done encompass complete spectra fluid will note five synthetic oils curves basically same ex cept minor variations certain wave lengths frequencies charac teristic polyalkylene glycol curves Dis regard variations extreme left right maximum minimum fre quency curve variations due linearity other calibration dif ferences near frequency extremes chart fundamental variation basic difference occurs castor oil am told curve similar other vegetable oils soybean coconut peanut etc differences noted synthetic oils certain wave lengths arc generated presence inorganic compounds added oils manufacturers oil vendors additives may result basis claims various sources oil better another oil case Klotz additive may well Sodium Borate compound common motor oil additive over 20 years Ucon Oils indicated phosphate additive may well TCP Tn resyl phsphate Specific examination curves show inorganic blocking tight transmission specific wavelengths depicting respective trace elements sodium boron phosphorus confirmed spectrochemical analysis also chemical analysis synthetic lubricants tends further strengthen initial suspicions little differ ence synthetic oils feel certain fundamental conclu sions can drawn exercise First all base lubricants tested ap peared similar effectiveness includes age-old standard castor oil Although five synthetic oils again dis played no consistent trend re spective effectiveness some subtle chemical differences noted IR curves Secondly pre-mixed commercial fuels despite variations oil type percentage mix responded similar Admittedly results short dura tion tests conducted survey may representative what could expected under continual use However intent test determine possible friction and/or performance differences both appeared negligible using techniques noted Perhaps some detrimen tal problems can experienced under continual use certain lubricants appears basis claims resulting additives magic substi tutes open issue remains up user determine invited re view data presented also test techniques can draw own conclusions So have sincerely hope certain misconceptions false claims have somewhat clarified Perhaps could have tested Undoubtedly other mixture percentages could have tested along combi nations various oils mixed together Additionally other engine combinations could also have tested along idle characteristics interest being practical information presented what thought best approach intend imply am self pro claimed expert matter second-guessers Monday morn ing quarterbacks reading say guest add two cents worth also Hopefully will based facts hearsay would like acknowledge help following various manufacturers cooperated supplying various prod ucts information Dave Art Adamisin help field testing Joes Hobby Center cooperation obtaining certain products lastly Harry Roe chemical interpretations advice March1976 79 ne wprimabIe H new concept glow plug design permits priming directly combustion chamber rapid all-weather starts risk crankcase flooding due over choking priming feature indispensable used conjunction muffler equipped fully cowled engines Equally important HEAD START has achieved lowest reliable idle especially used high performance engines equipped fuel pressure systems combined large venturi carburetors Long life achieved through use wide convolution platinum alloy filament PATENT PENDING NJ Residents add 5% Sales tax CONTEST PROST PLACE PATTERN END ICOTT NY d1 ROSS Schnuerle 61 Bantam Model Products has supplied some Americas top competition pilots plugs field test performances results phenomenal proving time time again reliability performance PRIMABLE Squeeze bottle prime through center electrode youre off HEAD START IDLE Phenomenally low reliable Standard Model -$175 ea RIC Model $200 ea Both Lone Short Reach SEE YOUR DEALER IF NOT AVAILABLE ORDER DIRECT ADD 50d outside US $100 FOR POSTAGE AND HANDLING Fuels Lubricants continued aaae 43
Edition: Model Aviation - 1976/03
Page Numbers: 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 79
With fuels market secret ingredients its difficult consumer make heads tails out picture some useful data THIS IS NOT product report nor endorsement product manu facturer supplier model engine fuels lubricants intended solely pre sent facts based experimental data ob tained through standard test procedures inspiration article has come talk opinions hearsay claims whatever have existed concerning model engine lubricants primarily syn thetic oils seems lately everyone fuel business Toledo Show count ed 13 different booths advertising fuels lubricants additives Fifteen years ago modeler very limited choice maybe Fox Cox K&B Power Mist Nitro X hobby shops Now has seemingly unlimited choice brands nitro contents years castor oil accepted standard used mixing model engine fuels part quite effective did however have some draw backs especially fuel mixtures high nitromethane contents mixtures above approximately 23 parts nitrometh ane 1 part castor oil co-solvent such nitrobenzene added partic ular additive gave exotic fuels familiar shoe-polish smell However Straight Talk FueL Lubricari John F Kilsdonk addition nitrobenzene part coun teracted power benefits obtained additional oxygen bearing nitrometh ane addition detrimental carbon de posits accumulated inside sometimes outside engine unburned hydrocarbon residue benzene Some amounts carbon varnishing also prevalent castor oil varied purity refinement oil Sometime early 1960s alternate lubricants began emerge Other natural vegetable oils synthetic substitutes came popular Derivatives soy bean oil gained popularity commercial fuels such RAMM K&B speed About same time functional fluids developed Union Carbide also gained recognition history synthetic lubricants actually dates back post WW II family fluids developed particular purpose mind replace use vegetable- petro leum-base oils compressors auto motive brake systems attendant prob lems rancidity breakdown carbon 38 Model Aviation John Kilsdonk records temperature data Art Adamisen adjusts needle valve test engine sludge varnish formation under exten ded use higher temperature require ments time led Union Carbide develop better lubricant brake fluid base namely polyalkylene glycols success called hydrolubes immediate due apparent ad vantages longer life greater stability better lubrication improved viscosity characteristics lack sludge carbon formation Simply stated Union Carbide bell ringer Additional research additives re sulted desirable series fluids Due favorable solubility ranges special Ucon fluids readily modified various stabilizers antioxidants wetting agents further enhanced broad use oils modificatuons thereof An out growth course fluids used some model engine fuels first introduced synthetic oils 1963 very good friend Harry Roe Like others have found success oils ever since initial contact UCON LB-625 functioned very well fact primarily used oil until 1974 switched new UCON MA-731 problem ever incurred LB-625 wac after running engine humid day engine oiled couple drops 3-in-i oil something similar prevent rusting internal iron surfaces rusting oxidation problem occurred early UCON fluids new UCON oils MA-731 MA-2270 addition Klotz others now contain anti-oxidant oil-after-running routine isnt necessary although still good safeguard prefer Meanwhile chemical manufacturers eventually picked up ball now also produce similar fluids Others time began purchase base oils add own mystery additives re-market products under different names situa tion has led lot claims concerning oil does what Most claims least modelers based scientific March1976 39 Left Measuring power output rpm Rossi 15 engine Note thermo couple leads Above OS 35 under field test test run 30 seconds maximum rpm Thermocouple extension lead wires also show Below Dave Adamisin measuring power input Supertigre 35 engine Most opinions past based upon hearsay Instrumented exhaust adaptor used side-exhaust engines thermo couple glow plug washer used measure cylinder head temperatures Digital thermocouple temperature indicator used tests Since 1960 fuel lubricants additives have continuously evolved Test us Z Engine OSSI S5r Slow Plug 6 DEL CeedltlonsffPdb ffPwb IL%RN Standard Prep /0-6 *ldM C P Test Prep /O-3a FUELESTI OPT RUT AAT RPM lOT OPTI RUT AAT1 LLJBRICANIS20%blend %niLrO %methanol 9 -625- 627 5/ MA 731 0 CQMMERCIAL FUELSIInitroi AS /00 A -/O %IJ Sfe r*rAU 6f*64NA -/2/20 r*orA.E -/5 A0 -/5 626 4 Iia 350 *6 6#15758 if~ 15 06 56 52 7 /00 Ao j4992 *0 6/ go 7-9 I0 7 753*7 7 55 aN 9 p 7 % 79 /0 IC Test No . Engine w Plug tsLL Cond4tlensP dh 8LP w b 4 %RH FUELe OPT RUT AAT RPM lOT SPY RUT AAT RPM LLIBRICANTS 20%blend 40 7 nitro 7 methanol ker A Castor CQMMERCIAL_lUELSInitro kA /000 4 650 17/79 40*/587 /65w 607 40679*6 S2 560 51/ 71 65Z 4I 75 1i ~DO 20 7 402 *0 AL 156 / EL ir Teat N. L Eng1neLiL.. Slow Plug dZO 625 Condltloned2*Fdb ZFwb 7j%RH Standard Prep &.erE6 8-8 FUELlOT OPT RUT ALT RPM ROT OPT RET LAY RPM LLLBlllANISao7blend ~7niLrn/5methanOI A Crseznr leffox cYL 625 Klotz SPF KL 200 Iii IN MATh U0N MA 2270 CfMMRClALVLSI%nrtroi AV4E4/A4 -651655t 6/a 30 J- //3 *4 1p iSO 522 //Z 40 3//03 6/0 320 620 3 oj TeetNe Engine Ai7 Plug 6& 555 Conditions A2Pdb 4Pwb 84%RH charts two pages belong fuel lubricant survey testify thoroughness testing recording proof Rather go something like X oil runs cooler Y oil queried determined usually respond saying felt muffler fingers something similar No account made changes weather conditions fuel mixture time skin sensitivity Additional claims may also involve performance increases usually also can discredited test technique examined personally have used other brands oils time another tried some magic additives could see no firm proof better UCON oils using really never changed data presented article represents attempt confirm reject least some what scientifically suspicions similarities some popular lubricants fuel mixes data presented article based testing under somewhat controlled con ditions phenomena can explained least data pre sented both actual factual hearsay first part program volved running several engines dif ferent fuels lubricants monitoring critical temperatures performance fuel Five engines selected Rossi 15 FR OS-35 Stunt Supertigre G21-35 OS 4OSR Enya 60 R/C felt series engines best represented good cross-section competition engines addition having distinct differences basic design displacement operat ing range engines selected well stabilized set up competition use engine instrumented meas ure three critical temperatures cylinder head exhaust gas rear crankcase bearing felt temperatures would indicate lubrication qualities possible friction differences would affect temperatures However no test practical determine varnish other deposit formations remains Stendard Prep 892rZ 7-6 Test Prep FUELEaT SPT RET AATRPM 1ST UPT RUT AAT RPM -625 50 350 660 J Izzzz 6 170 COMMERCIAL FUELS%nitro 7 q-j 54V-/**J55 j 4VA6444f- So fg0%655 450 0 AZ z~rI/ 0966035 6A 4 AZ 5 6/ 09 open issue Type-I I-C thermocouples fabri cated adapt glow plug washer GPT exhaust adapter EGT outside crankcase near rear bearing RBT defense GPT RBT measurement techniques felt temperatures although abso lute would relative same engine Since engine would act independently series fuels tested no comparisons would made between engines approach considered practical 40 Model Aviation x2C SPl KL-2M /2 / 7 0 // 9/2 -F 7 4 5 Stenderd Prop 8- 4' -Test Prep 7r5 Os 7 89 __4/ /5 15 42*3* 377 06 65 5 2687585_ 632 1r* 7666A1 640 4/676*5~ZA 558 J71 -60/ #050/ *1 *23ff ~ 62o450$2 6 4 7 K&fl X 5 4 Test Prop &v~/ Ow --565266E05 72j0t55 *5 6A0756 572674 *6 ____ g 271 /06 *5 / Mn5Ja -5 I-LLLBR1ANIS 20%blend %nitro io7methenol 1ir A Caetnr 7 S I-4 UcON MA 2270 S 7flE -50 FIMLEOT OPT UT AAT PM lOT OPTT AAT PU J&HLCANTS IziIblendl rnssmehanoI /4Baker A Lastur3V3776///f leffux OL6276252/776/ 3K&B X2Czt76soA 1 otz SPI KL200 740335775/2W 74232576*2/4 Ds 0vL 55k oL /0%762 337 28 4 SI L AVA6AJ4AI /229 773 SsST 75 4 /8 Z1E760306*4/ 4/5/546753~g~ *8 / ~/7663 3 254683 3~6l-352546]7503e76*5j /0 ME25W766326jSZ2 660 /5}76630o75*4/ 6Vr~en -22iSVf276DV As performance indicator engine tested two propellers stan dard flying prop test prop simulate in-flight rpm felt phase test would best represent perform ance increases obtained through fuel under test series different fuels both commercially mixed home-brews using various lubricants would tested engine running test sequence would ac complished shortest possible time reduce atmospheric effects Inquiries sent major lubricant fuel sup pliers outlining intended test procedures asking additional advice help might have offer Some responded fuel oil samples others did respond balance prod ucts provided off hobby shop shelf Six different lubricants selected home-brewed various amounts nitromethane oils selected Klotz KL-200 K&B X2C Jeffox OL-625 Ucon MA-731 Ucon MA-2270 good old Bakers AA Castor oil oils selected represent basic cross section current usage home-brew fuels carefully blended using 20% Volume oil nitro content fuel selected representative fuel normally used respective test engine OS stunt engine fuel con tained 10% nitro Enya 60 R/C mix 25% nitro ST-35 combat mix 40% nitro Rossi 15 goodyear mix 50% nitro 05 40 rat race/pylon mix 65% nitro balance fuel made up entirely methanol So fuel contained three ingredients test oil nitromethane methanol per centages measured volume digress just minute will note continually state fuels mixed volume ideal tech nique Most chemical densities vary temperature some others Therefore using volume mixing technique temperature must always considered real safe method ensure consistency mix fuels weight ingredient must know exact specific gravity ingredient maintain accurate volume mixing ratios unsuspecting fuel-brewer has amazed find out lets say 50 ounces nitro 30 ounces methanol 20 ounces oil blended together did give him 100 ounces fuel something less caused chemical reactions between ingredients change composition resultant den sity However volume mixing method generally used sake convenience addition commercially available pre mixed fuels selected based similar nitro contents Some variations nitro content commercial fuels also selected solely comparison purposes wzvsro mw Trs hof Client F 041 A.0 SO 00/ pndf~d Client Ne___________________ Test Pep conduct test solicited help Art Dave Adamisin bright clear calm Saturday morning June three us loaded car pick-up truck full test equipment fuel other sup plies headed out middle 80-acre field conduct testing set up test equipment including digital thermocouple temperature indicator powered car battery via DC-AC inverter began running engines recording data verifying thermocouple calibrations re-checking data etc testing done somewhat sheltered area minimize effects wind direc tion velocity Ten hours later called quits confident data accurate sure what meant typical test went something like fuel tank flushed rinsed pure methanol allowed dry test fuel added engine started run up held peak rpm Im mediately EGT RBT tempera tures stabilized however GPT took approximately 30 seconds stabilize being monitored outside com bustion chamber heat transfer through cylinder head took about 30 seconds stabilize glow plug washer temperature readings stabilized recorded engine stopped point second propeller installed engine test se quence repeated fuel tank again rinsed sequence repeated another fuel fuels selected somewhat random fashion eliminate possible residual effects previous run Also periodic re-runs fuels made ensure test consistency Along engine temperatures NQtnfltLC Fuenigan 4000 2 MYSICAL TEST FSULTS Un4t/hngoomele55 J11 dos4IJ j z 1 111 . L L 2 111 1 1 1 1 2E1 E..l376 ini-~ . L L .L L L4656165 OL_~o U43123 11 LLL~1 212 ~4306076 UUU7O 62311111131112~aS 1495s6C Li March 1976 41 Test N . Engine FvsOS o e/c ese -amoL Cedbeimseo4Vdh Uwb INN 3oand Nap 4o-MO /2-6 CIEWLANO TECHNOCAI CENTER INC 13600 D.w Ae.ne C*.d.d Ole 44110 61 4614460 Fuels Lubricants monitored ambient air temperature AAT wet bulb wb dry bulb db temperature recorded relative humidity RH calculated Other notes worthy mention glow plug failure experienced very first run OS stunt engine things test prop 2404 ,ia CG4 0000eo P 2, -r43 fIr ffi 2 5309000MICRONS isO200000 10 -0 24000000 020000 000060 40003500020002000 izLii 4t I0-0 -v -5----I---V~Ll2*~- I2k i222IYi selected ST-35 combat engine showed little rpm increase over flying prop tested engine Castor Oil fuel tested 05-40 engine pre vious experience indicated would blend 65% nitro mixture Rossi 15 RBT thermocouple failed onset no data obtained loca tion Enya 60 R/G engine last tested test prop run 5- 0010004 ISA200200 04300520 00004 sototo 01. j---------- --.--- I-- 4 -I2 4320 40000000200250020001000 7000001000434064 00200200 3 fT--4-- 0000001100000000000050000000400 .t & ..0044 040400ff ____________ Tr1~V r3Th.pz4-o~ tn Yifl rnd iiY llLfliY dz deemed unnecessary frankly point three us thoroughly worn out data presented individual analysis However some notes com ments order Because meas urement techniques involved feel following limits should considered RPM rpm EGT RBT * 050F GPT limits based observed general fluctuations over 30-second time span Furthermore should cautious evaluating data because accuracy limits considered temp erature differences indicated between fuel another represent small percen tage differences Another factor may slight errors involved mixture per centages both home-brews manufacturers Above attempt compare data engine another indicated temper atures relative test engine basic assumption engine tem peratures affected three factors power friction cooling same engine cooling effects should similar same prop speed rpm ambient weather conditions Therefore part power friction should reasons temperature changes However fuels higher methanol lower nitro content may respond increase exhaust gas temperature due continu ing combustion methanol exhaust port 05-35 Data however head tem perature GPT should reduced less nitromethane Also interestingly RBT times less ambient attributed cooling effect methanol vaporization within crank case summation 134 tests con ducted 53 different fuels phase program results tabulated can draw own conclusions interpretation data tends confirm initial suspicions very little difference fuels same nitro content appears some initial differences however limits previously mentioned considered differences represent such small percentage consider negligible OS Stunt engine test seat-of pants impression straight 20% oil home-brew fuels using straight synthetic oils did respond needlevalve adjustments well castor oil fuels fuels using 20% synthetic oil Nitrotane Magnum blends conclusion based feel specific data Since stunt engine must respond twocycle four-cycle condition smoothly considered critical situation appears use straight castor 20% or synthetic oils about 42 Model Aviation 134 tests conducted 53 different fuels spectographical analysissee chartswas made additional data 41 L-iKLxiAL-zz-ThJ 1300 200 1100 l 000 000 000 600 500 400 25% mix condition will satisfied will have experiment field tests particular engine see what minimum oil content good response might other tests no conclusive feel handling characteristic could noted second part test program volved having six base lubricants chemically analyzed phase ap proached two different manners Con currently samples oil sent independent laboratories separate analysis source performed spectrochemical analysis identified various ele ments present along physical tests flash point viscosity data element variations conse quence Klotz displayed Boron Sodium additives both Ucon oils displayed Phosphorus additive physical test results show reasonable con sistency except high viscosity Castor Oil other source ran Infra-red spectro graph curves oil technique used identify various chemical com pounds IR curves actually foot prints compounds other words compound fluid case has char acteristic curve under test curves useful chemists identifying unknown fluids since reference curves exist base fluid addition additives fluids alter IR curves identifiable fashion IR curves presented personal review analysis curves tolerance approximately * 5% continued page 79 40MICRONS SO6090 ro Th17fl7F T1 t H 00 Ti~ K FXE3 3m3003ONON 3003oo 003000 SO0090 I3 7 -F -7 4-t -- T-p1-7--II 3300300023002000300 23303320 MICRONS 300080 00-C3 jill 4 i ~A-7- ---424 - -I~1[ 1 0200300 150000230 0390 0031C90*2S3000023 -__ 3 3 00AA Lo - -ILI.PLZ4i JnttIc0023, -- .2r........ ____ 0390000001C9302S so000230 -_ 000 I l T0 --I-I-----1 ION12001100ION000840000000ONd -I March1976 43 Ready testing Enya 60 R/C engine attachment thermocouple lead crankcase clearly shown An OS Max 40 instrumented prior testing Three critical tempera tures measured cylinder head exhaust gas rear case bearing ION0 011001000900ON00000030235 _______IZhLJM 330030002ON3mION allowable point due equipment calibration limitations oil has two IR curves done encompass complete spectra fluid will note five synthetic oils curves basically same ex cept minor variations certain wave lengths frequencies charac teristic polyalkylene glycol curves Dis regard variations extreme left right maximum minimum fre quency curve variations due linearity other calibration dif ferences near frequency extremes chart fundamental variation basic difference occurs castor oil am told curve similar other vegetable oils soybean coconut peanut etc differences noted synthetic oils certain wave lengths arc generated presence inorganic compounds added oils manufacturers oil vendors additives may result basis claims various sources oil better another oil case Klotz additive may well Sodium Borate compound common motor oil additive over 20 years Ucon Oils indicated phosphate additive may well TCP Tn resyl phsphate Specific examination curves show inorganic blocking tight transmission specific wavelengths depicting respective trace elements sodium boron phosphorus confirmed spectrochemical analysis also chemical analysis synthetic lubricants tends further strengthen initial suspicions little differ ence synthetic oils feel certain fundamental conclu sions can drawn exercise First all base lubricants tested ap peared similar effectiveness includes age-old standard castor oil Although five synthetic oils again dis played no consistent trend re spective effectiveness some subtle chemical differences noted IR curves Secondly pre-mixed commercial fuels despite variations oil type percentage mix responded similar Admittedly results short dura tion tests conducted survey may representative what could expected under continual use However intent test determine possible friction and/or performance differences both appeared negligible using techniques noted Perhaps some detrimen tal problems can experienced under continual use certain lubricants appears basis claims resulting additives magic substi tutes open issue remains up user determine invited re view data presented also test techniques can draw own conclusions So have sincerely hope certain misconceptions false claims have somewhat clarified Perhaps could have tested Undoubtedly other mixture percentages could have tested along combi nations various oils mixed together Additionally other engine combinations could also have tested along idle characteristics interest being practical information presented what thought best approach intend imply am self pro claimed expert matter second-guessers Monday morn ing quarterbacks reading say guest add two cents worth also Hopefully will based facts hearsay would like acknowledge help following various manufacturers cooperated supplying various prod ucts information Dave Art Adamisin help field testing Joes Hobby Center cooperation obtaining certain products lastly Harry Roe chemical interpretations advice March1976 79 ne wprimabIe H new concept glow plug design permits priming directly combustion chamber rapid all-weather starts risk crankcase flooding due over choking priming feature indispensable used conjunction muffler equipped fully cowled engines Equally important HEAD START has achieved lowest reliable idle especially used high performance engines equipped fuel pressure systems combined large venturi carburetors Long life achieved through use wide convolution platinum alloy filament PATENT PENDING NJ Residents add 5% Sales tax CONTEST PROST PLACE PATTERN END ICOTT NY d1 ROSS Schnuerle 61 Bantam Model Products has supplied some Americas top competition pilots plugs field test performances results phenomenal proving time time again reliability performance PRIMABLE Squeeze bottle prime through center electrode youre off HEAD START IDLE Phenomenally low reliable Standard Model -$175 ea RIC Model $200 ea Both Lone Short Reach SEE YOUR DEALER IF NOT AVAILABLE ORDER DIRECT ADD 50d outside US $100 FOR POSTAGE AND HANDLING Fuels Lubricants continued aaae 43