A Howard Rush ATrends inCom n new wave airplanes shaking up combat fliers world Will simplicitywin out will challenge potent exotic designs affect picture during next two seasons unopinionated analysis what going competitive Editors Note Like modelers able report state art dUferent interests editor haswe now should say hadan oversimplified THE dominant trend control line Corn- Structural Techniques Carl Berrypicture what makes combatflier tick bat airplane design toward airplanes mans Twister 1958 until recently Mr Rushs article long overdue ex- easier cheaper build hard Combat planes built around box position ofthe serious scientflc side part course make cheap easy-to- formed two heavy balsa wing ribs about impressive event urge everyone build airplanes competitive New six inches apart wing LE TE read featureit eye-opener materials new techniques refinements 1/16 sheet balsa top bottom Combat people perceptive valu- old techniques making simple planes surfaces box served distribute loads 50 Model Aviation Prime example exotic approach Combat design Mike Ho, aned up having controls located internally special interest its use exhaust duct top right ne mounted beams attached structure boxs center bellcrank supported rib left side box metal fuel tank nestled between engine mounts rib right side box ribs also carried loads two tail booms supported stabilator About 12 years ago pen-bladder baby-pacifier fuel systems replaced metal tanks inspired John Kilsdonk began attaching bellcrank mount engine mounts Clever people Detroit Cincinnati saw box structure now served carry engine tail boom loads could replaced structurally efficient single fuselage Although single-boom structure took ten years catch has adopted almost universally US Combat fliers last year Builders have come up structures simple light yet strong enough withstand rigors Combat Lots reinforcement required stabilator hinge keep tail break ing off snags grass launchers leg Hinges usually music wire brass tubing reinforced ply wood cloth epoxy like Phil Cartiers methoda Rocket City nylon strip hinge front half imbedded lywood stabilizer Another time-saving construction trick one-piece TE method uses TE sheet rather two sheets 1 / 16 wood tedious-to-cut chamfered joint one-piece TE sharpened rear SECTION MAX LIFT COEFFICIENT 12 10 8 20 18 16 14 0 COMBAT MAnFI 5 EFFECTIVE fits slots ribs Gussets make rib-TE joints sturdy Assembly much easier old way type construction well-suited airfoils like Wortmanns concave quite thin TE one-piece TE warpprone use hard wood single-boom concept film cover ing materials have made plastic foam air planes practical Foam airplanes have around long time Riley Wootens Vain6 4 2 0 2 100000 2 1000000 FULLSCALE AIRPLANES ACA 1012 0015 REYNOLDS NUMBER NACA 0009- JO authors Nemesis II took top three places Open Combat 1973 Nationals has since replaced simpler better-performing airplanes Left right Ron Esman third Max Mearns second Mark Pattie first July1979 51 Q .t U U 10000000 pire won Nationals several times since 1966 high-performance conventionalconstruction airplanes started doing winning early 70s forgot about foam Gary James Chuck Thomas Phil C artier Riley Wooten others have developed foam airplanes last few years quite competitive standard airplanes Richard Brashers foam Rotation Station best Combat plane have flown regardless construction new foamies have common single fuselage hot-wire-cut tapered wing covered plastic film wing structure little spar airfoils maximum thickness point have no LE structure because plastic filmcovered foam catches kill-zone strings wing passes through op ponents kill zone string cuts LE breaks Foam planes tend heavy new foamies weigh about 20 oz everything fuel compared 17 oz good wooden plane Foam fliers forsake crash survivability keep weight down except Brasher airplanes weigh about 23 oz sturdy enough withstand some turf encounters Materials biggest recent revolution Combat planes materials Plastic foam revolutionary material popular type foam Combat plane construction lb/cubic ft beaded polystyrene sold primarily 52 Model Aviation Steve Saccos Bosta has molded fiberglass leading edge extends back spars Elliptical planform requires lots building effort Chuck Rudners conventional airplane best flew similar airplanes 1978 Control Line World Championships Rushs modification Gary James foamy has long tail maneuvering stability forward sweep upwind performance Joanne Bartley better-looking model however Gene Pape looks unhappy muunu & ouiitup copy Rich Brashers foam Rotation Station needs extra sparson left wing prevent roll instability building insulation foam available densities up five lb/cubic ft Strengthto-weight ratio doesnt change much density denser stuff has smoother surface cut requires wings hollowed out keep weight reasonable Full-scale airplane builders prefer ex truded polystyrene foam such Dows Styrofoam Some British fliers using extruded foam havent seen US Combat planes Glass fiber-reinforced resin old hat Weve using reinforce engine mounts years people now doing amazing things glass exotic composites Steve Sacco molds entire front quar ter wings out glass-reinforced polyester gets smooth true airfoil less effort wooden structure FAL Team Race fliers building fuse lage shells out epoxy reinforced carbon fiber mat very light stiff enough Combat wings Carbon-reinforced epoxy several times stronger much stiffer glass composites same weight Carbon fiber expensive $90 yard cloth price coming down because production volume new manufacturing processes Bundles car bon fiber strands available National Free Flight Society 30 per meter make good spar reinforce ment imbedded epoxy wood spars Kevlar DuPont synthetic fiber almost strong carbon fiber used make bullet-proof vests cheaper carbonabout $10 per yard cloth Former US FF Power team member Charlie Martin builds front ends beautiful FAI planes Kevlar-reinforced epoxy same technique can used Combat planes last give up silk dope dont regret plastic film covering materials sure make things easy favorite among Combat fliers FasCal clear adhesive-backed polyester graphic arts film made Fasson Products doesnt come pretty colors light cheap strong sticks foam al though must take easy heat favorite films Pactras low-temper ature SolarFilm foam Top Flites Super MonoKote wood pretty cooperative work new polyurethane paints wel come replacement hot fuel proof dope soluble nitromethane Polyurethane sticks film covering mate rial better epoxy paint wont melt foam airfoils have lift Rey nolds numbers thicker have lift full-scale Reynolds numbers popular Combat airfoils NACA four-digit series developed 1930s work well easy scale different chords thicknesses because come handy formula Yt[14841 Vx/c 062981x/c 5x/c2 1421 lx/c3 — 050735x/c41 t maximum thickness inches X distance along chord inches C chord inches Y distance above below airfoil mean line inches mean line straight line between LE TE cal culations easy programmable calculator Better yet computer plotter draw ribs Modified NACA airfoils abound Nemesis II Bosta use 165% NACA four-digit section maximum-thick ness point squished forward 25% chord Airfoils shape Combat planes wing section airfoil has big effect its performance Picking best airfoil mostly trial error Published data arent much help because theyre intended real airplanes best airfoil Reynolds number range best full-scale airplane Fig 1 shows July1979 53 Continued page 114 Phil Grandersons 1978 Nationals winner illustrates single boom one-piece trailing edge reinforced stabilizer hinge Phils plane elegant its simplicity SAVE $150 ON YOUR NEXT RADIO Buy Digital Commander Flite Pack Kit Save Money out Compromising Quality Performance Three Servo Options Two Receiver Options Kit Prices Start $7496 details send $1 latest catalog Add $50 1st Class return $1 hand ling direct Orders 816 584-7121 AU /3 Urn] BOX 511E HIGGINSVILLE MO 64037 Custom-Dilt-RIC Built Order Plans Kit stock choose Piper Tn-Pacer Quarter-Scale 89 wIng span 42 Sq Ft detail ed plans $1699 PP Send $100 * Curtiss Hawk stomped envelope detailed listPm6~uE 60 wingspan 46 Sq Ft Built-Up RC Models 50% Sale super detailed scale plans Hobby Capitol Dist$1295 46 N Oak St ura Ca 93001 e 805 643-7616 ] Champs models flown sort competition considerable material Indoor World Champs Coupe dHiver smattering Old-Timer modeling Free Flight US style exemplified US Free Flight Champs sections about developments techniques associated model class written some knowledgable fliers business blow-by-blow accounts of major international World Champ competitions period covered complete listings results full-page plans occupy about half book accompanied story about history development model modelers own words About 90% plans have appeared publi cations available US FAT fliers Scatter Free Flight News NFFS Dig est Indoor News Views forth nice having under cover Most color photos truly excellent could have perfectly happy postcard shots lArc de Triumph le Tour Eiffel some family-album type snapshots Never theless whole photos document spirit international free flight compe titionits triumphs tragedies glories defeats pure fun itin addition its technology book red-blooded American FAT-oriented free flighter would proud own AnnouncemenL Fresno Annual September 29-30 weekend will see fortieth consecutive annual contest put Fresno Gas Model Airplane Club Events will include three FAT events l/2A B C D Gas Coupe P-30 Mulvihill A- 1 Glider Hand Launch Glider perhaps few others Stockton clubs Old-tinier Meet will held simul taneously same site Last years annual drew 155 contestants $2200 worth prizes including en graved silver-plate bowls sweep stakes winners years meet promises bigger better respect site sheep-grazing land 1 X 1 miles criss-crossed paved roads quartermile intervals Motorcycles OK Con tact man Russ James 4840 E Leisure Fresno CA 93727 Call 209 2552422 anytime Also something new Fresno club will series Tndoor meets first will June 23 Check Russ details Bob Meuser 4200 Gregory St Oak land CA 94619 writing advertisers mention read about Model Aviation Combat Trends/Rush continued page 53 Gary James Steve Sacco have modi fied NACA formula change such things LE radius TE angle best airfoil use depends also wing surface bumpiness Surface imperfec tions near LE really degrade Neme sis IT airfoils performance foamies get away bumpy surfaces using really blunt LEs Tm using Gary James-modified NACA airfoil fat LE foamy works great New airfoil design techniques have developed last few years may make airfoil design scientific spoil fun techniques consist determin ing what pressure distribution want calculating shape gives FX Wortmann University Stuttgart has designed some new fangled airfoils full-scale sailplane tail surfaces operate same Reynolds numbers design conditions Combat models wind tunnel data show im provement over old NACA airfoils Combat fliers have shown little interest trying new sectionsprobably because look different have pretty sharp LEs concave near TE Want first kid block try StuttgarterProfilkatalog D Althaus published Institute fur Aero-u Gasdynamik University Stuttgart Germany 1972 Configuration Airplanes bigger now several reasons Combat planes must turn tight fast loops minimum loop diameter airplane can turn proportional its wing area loadingif other factors dont change Area loading ratio weight wing area speed airplane can maintain consecutive maneuvers depends its duced drag given loop size speed induced drag proportional square span loading Span loading ratio weight wingspan Foamies need lots wing area span make up foams weight dis advantage Because engine fuel line weight constant get lower area loading span loading going bigger longer wing AMA-class foamies typically have 42 48 spans 360 400 sq areas compared 39 spans 320 360 sq areas conven tional planes Conventional-construction airplanes have practical wing span limits Balsa comes 36 lengths span means buying more-expensive 48 wood Itis also harder keep warps out longer wings Sherwood Buckstaff Texan col leagues kept 36 span increased chord l0an inch standard planes timeand gained area loading advantage over us paid area increased drag 114 Model Aviation ENGINECutlass Supreme INE KIT 45 60 SizeSweet Emily45 60 Size29 40 Engine $6995 Quick Fli Ill IV JET KITS $6995 Deluxe $12995 Economy $8995 Phoenix 6 Phoenix 5 Vertigo II Cureare Chizier F 8 F Bearcat Banshee P-47 -Trouble Maker Sun Fli IV Daddy -Rabbit Nutcracker ENGINE 40 Size -$5495 A-6 Intruder Cutlass Supreme Phoenix -5 ME -109 ZERO F-16 MIG -21 F -5 E-Z does Al Imost-ready-to fly Trainer Sheeted Wings 3 4 Channel Wingspan 55 Fora FREE CATALOGUESenda Self-Addressed Stamped Envelope R & S HOBBY PRODUCTS INC P0 Box 1161 Oak Lawn IL 60453 made up drag honkin engines rest us went bigger airplanes avoid being outmaneuvered Texans FAT airplanes have also grown past few years growth partly cause first FAT planes too small about 230 sq partly because FAT engines have increased power weight Cox Conquest 15 example weighs 6 oz 50% 15s often years ago new Cox Fox Rossi 15s powerful fliers use same size planes FAT AMA 36 cu class FAT models Europe bigger have over 400 sq area Tapered wing planforms gaining popularity Most foam wings tapered because taper free Tts just easy make two templates different sizes make same size Some people notably Chuck Rudner Neal White have gone effort making tapered elliptical balsa airplanes Tapered wings structurally nice less air load tips spars can spaced farther apart wing root Thus less spar material needed keep wing folding also have nice aerodynamic pro perties Tapered wings have little less induced drag rectangular wings same span loading also less affected wind Flat rectangular-planform wings act have positive dihedral negative rolling moment due sideslip inside loops negative dihedral positive rolling moment due sideslip outside loops causes airplane fly differently upwind side circle does downwind side Wing taper reduces dihedral effect Adding some forward sweep can eliminate have built some tapered swept-forward wings fly nicely upwind downwind get bugs out Im going really fearsome windy day Youve warned Some tapered wings have strange pro perty thats nice Because leadout wires exit wingtip near TE can twist wing its banked airplane banks right due wind gust example lines pull down left TE twisting wing rolls right effect unstable above certain speed result sudden violent roll can destroy airplane People have problem have usually able fix stiffening left wing new wave simple airplanes boon Combat simple planes remain competitive can continue enjoy sport less time work bench few zealots though challeng ing simplicity trend some really complicated designs Mike Hoffelt Cali fornia course has exotic FAT air plane claimed turn five-foot diameter loops Gene Pape Oregon terrorized everybody killed Buckstafl 1978 Nats balsa version July1979 115 EACH KIT CONTAINS Fiberglas Fuselage Fin Place Fiberglas Belly Pan Foam Wing Cores Foam Stab Cores /4 Fire Wall Motor Mounts Installed Landing Gear Blocks Designed retractable Landing Gear Complete Easy Instructions Holding Phil Cartiers Gotcha Gil Reedy Phils foamies simplest among best flying FAI planes flown Gary Frost 1978 World Champs wowed Europeans 0 LOWEST DRAIN WHY PAY big buy high performance *FIREBALL #H30 HOT 3 volts faster starts #S20 STANDARD 24 volts general use #C15 COOL 15 volts cures pre-ignition Just fun stick FIRE BALL great engine runs *advanced98 ............ FLASH STARTING 0 UNEXCELLED POWER LONGER LIFE cr11 1 GLOW PLUGS SWANSON ASSOCIATES P0 BOX 151WAYNE NEW JE35EY 07470 Brashers Rotation Station Are exotic planes worth effort next season two will determine way Combat design will go CL Scale/Gretz continued page 54 small point personal preference fact believe person could become just proficient either mode operation learn either just easily got some own specific reasons prefer ring fly Scale high throttle forward handle said part set up first 3-line system years ago became obvious mounted inverted bellcrank inverted seemingly intended almost engine high throttle position would forward control handles throttle lever same holds true mounting upright bellcrank upright throttle-equipped engines know require throttle pushrod move forward open car buretor except Fox engines often have lever both directions other words modeler uses stock equip ment mounts manufacturer intended mounted would almost cases get high throttle moving handles lever forward way noticed Scale fliers doing Nationals order make system work other way must reverse directions somewhere along line As said can incorporate straight reversing bellcrank arm between engine 3-line bellcrank can mount inverted style bellcrank upright upright style bellcrank inverted although know some control rod hookup problems can also simply loosen throttle arm engines rotate 180 degrees top side carb couldnt see possible advantage Scale flying doing things mentioned seemed natural pull back handles trigger get fast throttle seems natural fast throttle forward fullsize airplane automobile use left hand operate lever top handle thus always fly both hands Perhaps real heart personal preferences matter Im wondering other Carrier fliers normally fly hand using index finger operate trigger feel way can operate throttle precisely through stages scale flight competition Scale flying good share point-getting maneuvers done very near low throttlelike initial takeoff run landing touch-and-go taxi During maneuvers precise coordinated elevator throttle use important prefer trigger back what seem agree comfort able position day after mailed reply letter arrived MA sown Carrier expert respected friend Dick Perry very knowledgeably shed some light Carrier fliers prefer control set-up opposite what normal Scale Dick said looks like disagree little way appropriate direction open throttle 3-line system Its certainly no big thing Carrier requirements just little different Scale way forward openis way real air plane builders it works great two-handed flyingthe way Scale fliers Ive seen Carrier fliers little different generally one-handed few excep tions can fly bigger circle low speed hand use two hands high speed left hand support onlythe right index finger still handles throttle 5075 lbs pull pull-to-open throttle much easier keep open push-to-open rig one-hand operation low-speed throttle action also natural back pressure opens throttle up applied Also properly rigged up elevator condition against stop lines really loose will automatically open throttle bad situation total airplane pull about two pounds So have full story Two different methods two unique events As can see could go on meaningless debate about merits method lets just conclude devoted pilot can get satisfactory results either way know years RC has its Mode throttle right stick Mode II throttle left stick fliers tongue-in-cheek word-war about best Perhaps should divide up two-fisted lever pilots handed trigger pilots Are crazy Mike Gretz Box 162 Montezuma IA 50171 CL Aerobatics/Paul continued page 55 engine catches After plane air fly eye level approximately five feet off ground Have spotter better look see out board wing up down level Have spotter stand downwind facing can see plane coming going have spotter move counterclockwise 90 degrees around circle can watch plane downwind side upwind side Spot plane coming going position looking high low wing time pilot can look excessive yaw observing landing gear inboard gear looks front outboard gear plane goes around circle might too much line rake engine offset Going inverted flight first time new plane always thrill know engine tank setup worked perfectly last plane yesterday always couple large inside loops first downwind try elongated round inside loop long inverted part top what heck go start inside loop inverted flight Now get spotter again check wing high low outboard tip something seems wrong try level upright flight again followed inverted flight right away get spotters feel ings Since cant stop now anyway unless plane flying badly further experiments would dangerous lets go series climbs dives purpose see plane appears nose-heavy tail-heavyfor style offlying plane climbs dives very easily jerk may tail-heavy require nose weight plane seems locked groove level flight probably have too much nose weight may also experience hunting level flight means ship wants climb dive gradually time have keep minutely adjusting handle keep plane level flight seems have mind its own during level flight have keep adjusting wrist/hand/handle maintain constant alti tude quote Olympic Mark VI man Bob Gialdini Old stunt planes dont hunt ask Its because slop slop elevator movement 116 Model Aviation
Edition: Model Aviation - 1979/07
Page Numbers: 50, 51, 52, 53, 114, 115, 116
A Howard Rush ATrends inCom n new wave airplanes shaking up combat fliers world Will simplicitywin out will challenge potent exotic designs affect picture during next two seasons unopinionated analysis what going competitive Editors Note Like modelers able report state art dUferent interests editor haswe now should say hadan oversimplified THE dominant trend control line Corn- Structural Techniques Carl Berrypicture what makes combatflier tick bat airplane design toward airplanes mans Twister 1958 until recently Mr Rushs article long overdue ex- easier cheaper build hard Combat planes built around box position ofthe serious scientflc side part course make cheap easy-to- formed two heavy balsa wing ribs about impressive event urge everyone build airplanes competitive New six inches apart wing LE TE read featureit eye-opener materials new techniques refinements 1/16 sheet balsa top bottom Combat people perceptive valu- old techniques making simple planes surfaces box served distribute loads 50 Model Aviation Prime example exotic approach Combat design Mike Ho, aned up having controls located internally special interest its use exhaust duct top right ne mounted beams attached structure boxs center bellcrank supported rib left side box metal fuel tank nestled between engine mounts rib right side box ribs also carried loads two tail booms supported stabilator About 12 years ago pen-bladder baby-pacifier fuel systems replaced metal tanks inspired John Kilsdonk began attaching bellcrank mount engine mounts Clever people Detroit Cincinnati saw box structure now served carry engine tail boom loads could replaced structurally efficient single fuselage Although single-boom structure took ten years catch has adopted almost universally US Combat fliers last year Builders have come up structures simple light yet strong enough withstand rigors Combat Lots reinforcement required stabilator hinge keep tail break ing off snags grass launchers leg Hinges usually music wire brass tubing reinforced ply wood cloth epoxy like Phil Cartiers methoda Rocket City nylon strip hinge front half imbedded lywood stabilizer Another time-saving construction trick one-piece TE method uses TE sheet rather two sheets 1 / 16 wood tedious-to-cut chamfered joint one-piece TE sharpened rear SECTION MAX LIFT COEFFICIENT 12 10 8 20 18 16 14 0 COMBAT MAnFI 5 EFFECTIVE fits slots ribs Gussets make rib-TE joints sturdy Assembly much easier old way type construction well-suited airfoils like Wortmanns concave quite thin TE one-piece TE warpprone use hard wood single-boom concept film cover ing materials have made plastic foam air planes practical Foam airplanes have around long time Riley Wootens Vain6 4 2 0 2 100000 2 1000000 FULLSCALE AIRPLANES ACA 1012 0015 REYNOLDS NUMBER NACA 0009- JO authors Nemesis II took top three places Open Combat 1973 Nationals has since replaced simpler better-performing airplanes Left right Ron Esman third Max Mearns second Mark Pattie first July1979 51 Q .t U U 10000000 pire won Nationals several times since 1966 high-performance conventionalconstruction airplanes started doing winning early 70s forgot about foam Gary James Chuck Thomas Phil C artier Riley Wooten others have developed foam airplanes last few years quite competitive standard airplanes Richard Brashers foam Rotation Station best Combat plane have flown regardless construction new foamies have common single fuselage hot-wire-cut tapered wing covered plastic film wing structure little spar airfoils maximum thickness point have no LE structure because plastic filmcovered foam catches kill-zone strings wing passes through op ponents kill zone string cuts LE breaks Foam planes tend heavy new foamies weigh about 20 oz everything fuel compared 17 oz good wooden plane Foam fliers forsake crash survivability keep weight down except Brasher airplanes weigh about 23 oz sturdy enough withstand some turf encounters Materials biggest recent revolution Combat planes materials Plastic foam revolutionary material popular type foam Combat plane construction lb/cubic ft beaded polystyrene sold primarily 52 Model Aviation Steve Saccos Bosta has molded fiberglass leading edge extends back spars Elliptical planform requires lots building effort Chuck Rudners conventional airplane best flew similar airplanes 1978 Control Line World Championships Rushs modification Gary James foamy has long tail maneuvering stability forward sweep upwind performance Joanne Bartley better-looking model however Gene Pape looks unhappy muunu & ouiitup copy Rich Brashers foam Rotation Station needs extra sparson left wing prevent roll instability building insulation foam available densities up five lb/cubic ft Strengthto-weight ratio doesnt change much density denser stuff has smoother surface cut requires wings hollowed out keep weight reasonable Full-scale airplane builders prefer ex truded polystyrene foam such Dows Styrofoam Some British fliers using extruded foam havent seen US Combat planes Glass fiber-reinforced resin old hat Weve using reinforce engine mounts years people now doing amazing things glass exotic composites Steve Sacco molds entire front quar ter wings out glass-reinforced polyester gets smooth true airfoil less effort wooden structure FAL Team Race fliers building fuse lage shells out epoxy reinforced carbon fiber mat very light stiff enough Combat wings Carbon-reinforced epoxy several times stronger much stiffer glass composites same weight Carbon fiber expensive $90 yard cloth price coming down because production volume new manufacturing processes Bundles car bon fiber strands available National Free Flight Society 30 per meter make good spar reinforce ment imbedded epoxy wood spars Kevlar DuPont synthetic fiber almost strong carbon fiber used make bullet-proof vests cheaper carbonabout $10 per yard cloth Former US FF Power team member Charlie Martin builds front ends beautiful FAI planes Kevlar-reinforced epoxy same technique can used Combat planes last give up silk dope dont regret plastic film covering materials sure make things easy favorite among Combat fliers FasCal clear adhesive-backed polyester graphic arts film made Fasson Products doesnt come pretty colors light cheap strong sticks foam al though must take easy heat favorite films Pactras low-temper ature SolarFilm foam Top Flites Super MonoKote wood pretty cooperative work new polyurethane paints wel come replacement hot fuel proof dope soluble nitromethane Polyurethane sticks film covering mate rial better epoxy paint wont melt foam airfoils have lift Rey nolds numbers thicker have lift full-scale Reynolds numbers popular Combat airfoils NACA four-digit series developed 1930s work well easy scale different chords thicknesses because come handy formula Yt[14841 Vx/c 062981x/c 5x/c2 1421 lx/c3 — 050735x/c41 t maximum thickness inches X distance along chord inches C chord inches Y distance above below airfoil mean line inches mean line straight line between LE TE cal culations easy programmable calculator Better yet computer plotter draw ribs Modified NACA airfoils abound Nemesis II Bosta use 165% NACA four-digit section maximum-thick ness point squished forward 25% chord Airfoils shape Combat planes wing section airfoil has big effect its performance Picking best airfoil mostly trial error Published data arent much help because theyre intended real airplanes best airfoil Reynolds number range best full-scale airplane Fig 1 shows July1979 53 Continued page 114 Phil Grandersons 1978 Nationals winner illustrates single boom one-piece trailing edge reinforced stabilizer hinge Phils plane elegant its simplicity SAVE $150 ON YOUR NEXT RADIO Buy Digital Commander Flite Pack Kit Save Money out Compromising Quality Performance Three Servo Options Two Receiver Options Kit Prices Start $7496 details send $1 latest catalog Add $50 1st Class return $1 hand ling direct Orders 816 584-7121 AU /3 Urn] BOX 511E HIGGINSVILLE MO 64037 Custom-Dilt-RIC Built Order Plans Kit stock choose Piper Tn-Pacer Quarter-Scale 89 wIng span 42 Sq Ft detail ed plans $1699 PP Send $100 * Curtiss Hawk stomped envelope detailed listPm6~uE 60 wingspan 46 Sq Ft Built-Up RC Models 50% Sale super detailed scale plans Hobby Capitol Dist$1295 46 N Oak St ura Ca 93001 e 805 643-7616 ] Champs models flown sort competition considerable material Indoor World Champs Coupe dHiver smattering Old-Timer modeling Free Flight US style exemplified US Free Flight Champs sections about developments techniques associated model class written some knowledgable fliers business blow-by-blow accounts of major international World Champ competitions period covered complete listings results full-page plans occupy about half book accompanied story about history development model modelers own words About 90% plans have appeared publi cations available US FAT fliers Scatter Free Flight News NFFS Dig est Indoor News Views forth nice having under cover Most color photos truly excellent could have perfectly happy postcard shots lArc de Triumph le Tour Eiffel some family-album type snapshots Never theless whole photos document spirit international free flight compe titionits triumphs tragedies glories defeats pure fun itin addition its technology book red-blooded American FAT-oriented free flighter would proud own AnnouncemenL Fresno Annual September 29-30 weekend will see fortieth consecutive annual contest put Fresno Gas Model Airplane Club Events will include three FAT events l/2A B C D Gas Coupe P-30 Mulvihill A- 1 Glider Hand Launch Glider perhaps few others Stockton clubs Old-tinier Meet will held simul taneously same site Last years annual drew 155 contestants $2200 worth prizes including en graved silver-plate bowls sweep stakes winners years meet promises bigger better respect site sheep-grazing land 1 X 1 miles criss-crossed paved roads quartermile intervals Motorcycles OK Con tact man Russ James 4840 E Leisure Fresno CA 93727 Call 209 2552422 anytime Also something new Fresno club will series Tndoor meets first will June 23 Check Russ details Bob Meuser 4200 Gregory St Oak land CA 94619 writing advertisers mention read about Model Aviation Combat Trends/Rush continued page 53 Gary James Steve Sacco have modi fied NACA formula change such things LE radius TE angle best airfoil use depends also wing surface bumpiness Surface imperfec tions near LE really degrade Neme sis IT airfoils performance foamies get away bumpy surfaces using really blunt LEs Tm using Gary James-modified NACA airfoil fat LE foamy works great New airfoil design techniques have developed last few years may make airfoil design scientific spoil fun techniques consist determin ing what pressure distribution want calculating shape gives FX Wortmann University Stuttgart has designed some new fangled airfoils full-scale sailplane tail surfaces operate same Reynolds numbers design conditions Combat models wind tunnel data show im provement over old NACA airfoils Combat fliers have shown little interest trying new sectionsprobably because look different have pretty sharp LEs concave near TE Want first kid block try StuttgarterProfilkatalog D Althaus published Institute fur Aero-u Gasdynamik University Stuttgart Germany 1972 Configuration Airplanes bigger now several reasons Combat planes must turn tight fast loops minimum loop diameter airplane can turn proportional its wing area loadingif other factors dont change Area loading ratio weight wing area speed airplane can maintain consecutive maneuvers depends its duced drag given loop size speed induced drag proportional square span loading Span loading ratio weight wingspan Foamies need lots wing area span make up foams weight dis advantage Because engine fuel line weight constant get lower area loading span loading going bigger longer wing AMA-class foamies typically have 42 48 spans 360 400 sq areas compared 39 spans 320 360 sq areas conven tional planes Conventional-construction airplanes have practical wing span limits Balsa comes 36 lengths span means buying more-expensive 48 wood Itis also harder keep warps out longer wings Sherwood Buckstaff Texan col leagues kept 36 span increased chord l0an inch standard planes timeand gained area loading advantage over us paid area increased drag 114 Model Aviation ENGINECutlass Supreme INE KIT 45 60 SizeSweet Emily45 60 Size29 40 Engine $6995 Quick Fli Ill IV JET KITS $6995 Deluxe $12995 Economy $8995 Phoenix 6 Phoenix 5 Vertigo II Cureare Chizier F 8 F Bearcat Banshee P-47 -Trouble Maker Sun Fli IV Daddy -Rabbit Nutcracker ENGINE 40 Size -$5495 A-6 Intruder Cutlass Supreme Phoenix -5 ME -109 ZERO F-16 MIG -21 F -5 E-Z does Al Imost-ready-to fly Trainer Sheeted Wings 3 4 Channel Wingspan 55 Fora FREE CATALOGUESenda Self-Addressed Stamped Envelope R & S HOBBY PRODUCTS INC P0 Box 1161 Oak Lawn IL 60453 made up drag honkin engines rest us went bigger airplanes avoid being outmaneuvered Texans FAT airplanes have also grown past few years growth partly cause first FAT planes too small about 230 sq partly because FAT engines have increased power weight Cox Conquest 15 example weighs 6 oz 50% 15s often years ago new Cox Fox Rossi 15s powerful fliers use same size planes FAT AMA 36 cu class FAT models Europe bigger have over 400 sq area Tapered wing planforms gaining popularity Most foam wings tapered because taper free Tts just easy make two templates different sizes make same size Some people notably Chuck Rudner Neal White have gone effort making tapered elliptical balsa airplanes Tapered wings structurally nice less air load tips spars can spaced farther apart wing root Thus less spar material needed keep wing folding also have nice aerodynamic pro perties Tapered wings have little less induced drag rectangular wings same span loading also less affected wind Flat rectangular-planform wings act have positive dihedral negative rolling moment due sideslip inside loops negative dihedral positive rolling moment due sideslip outside loops causes airplane fly differently upwind side circle does downwind side Wing taper reduces dihedral effect Adding some forward sweep can eliminate have built some tapered swept-forward wings fly nicely upwind downwind get bugs out Im going really fearsome windy day Youve warned Some tapered wings have strange pro perty thats nice Because leadout wires exit wingtip near TE can twist wing its banked airplane banks right due wind gust example lines pull down left TE twisting wing rolls right effect unstable above certain speed result sudden violent roll can destroy airplane People have problem have usually able fix stiffening left wing new wave simple airplanes boon Combat simple planes remain competitive can continue enjoy sport less time work bench few zealots though challeng ing simplicity trend some really complicated designs Mike Hoffelt Cali fornia course has exotic FAT air plane claimed turn five-foot diameter loops Gene Pape Oregon terrorized everybody killed Buckstafl 1978 Nats balsa version July1979 115 EACH KIT CONTAINS Fiberglas Fuselage Fin Place Fiberglas Belly Pan Foam Wing Cores Foam Stab Cores /4 Fire Wall Motor Mounts Installed Landing Gear Blocks Designed retractable Landing Gear Complete Easy Instructions Holding Phil Cartiers Gotcha Gil Reedy Phils foamies simplest among best flying FAI planes flown Gary Frost 1978 World Champs wowed Europeans 0 LOWEST DRAIN WHY PAY big buy high performance *FIREBALL #H30 HOT 3 volts faster starts #S20 STANDARD 24 volts general use #C15 COOL 15 volts cures pre-ignition Just fun stick FIRE BALL great engine runs *advanced98 ............ FLASH STARTING 0 UNEXCELLED POWER LONGER LIFE cr11 1 GLOW PLUGS SWANSON ASSOCIATES P0 BOX 151WAYNE NEW JE35EY 07470 Brashers Rotation Station Are exotic planes worth effort next season two will determine way Combat design will go CL Scale/Gretz continued page 54 small point personal preference fact believe person could become just proficient either mode operation learn either just easily got some own specific reasons prefer ring fly Scale high throttle forward handle said part set up first 3-line system years ago became obvious mounted inverted bellcrank inverted seemingly intended almost engine high throttle position would forward control handles throttle lever same holds true mounting upright bellcrank upright throttle-equipped engines know require throttle pushrod move forward open car buretor except Fox engines often have lever both directions other words modeler uses stock equip ment mounts manufacturer intended mounted would almost cases get high throttle moving handles lever forward way noticed Scale fliers doing Nationals order make system work other way must reverse directions somewhere along line As said can incorporate straight reversing bellcrank arm between engine 3-line bellcrank can mount inverted style bellcrank upright upright style bellcrank inverted although know some control rod hookup problems can also simply loosen throttle arm engines rotate 180 degrees top side carb couldnt see possible advantage Scale flying doing things mentioned seemed natural pull back handles trigger get fast throttle seems natural fast throttle forward fullsize airplane automobile use left hand operate lever top handle thus always fly both hands Perhaps real heart personal preferences matter Im wondering other Carrier fliers normally fly hand using index finger operate trigger feel way can operate throttle precisely through stages scale flight competition Scale flying good share point-getting maneuvers done very near low throttlelike initial takeoff run landing touch-and-go taxi During maneuvers precise coordinated elevator throttle use important prefer trigger back what seem agree comfort able position day after mailed reply letter arrived MA sown Carrier expert respected friend Dick Perry very knowledgeably shed some light Carrier fliers prefer control set-up opposite what normal Scale Dick said looks like disagree little way appropriate direction open throttle 3-line system Its certainly no big thing Carrier requirements just little different Scale way forward openis way real air plane builders it works great two-handed flyingthe way Scale fliers Ive seen Carrier fliers little different generally one-handed few excep tions can fly bigger circle low speed hand use two hands high speed left hand support onlythe right index finger still handles throttle 5075 lbs pull pull-to-open throttle much easier keep open push-to-open rig one-hand operation low-speed throttle action also natural back pressure opens throttle up applied Also properly rigged up elevator condition against stop lines really loose will automatically open throttle bad situation total airplane pull about two pounds So have full story Two different methods two unique events As can see could go on meaningless debate about merits method lets just conclude devoted pilot can get satisfactory results either way know years RC has its Mode throttle right stick Mode II throttle left stick fliers tongue-in-cheek word-war about best Perhaps should divide up two-fisted lever pilots handed trigger pilots Are crazy Mike Gretz Box 162 Montezuma IA 50171 CL Aerobatics/Paul continued page 55 engine catches After plane air fly eye level approximately five feet off ground Have spotter better look see out board wing up down level Have spotter stand downwind facing can see plane coming going have spotter move counterclockwise 90 degrees around circle can watch plane downwind side upwind side Spot plane coming going position looking high low wing time pilot can look excessive yaw observing landing gear inboard gear looks front outboard gear plane goes around circle might too much line rake engine offset Going inverted flight first time new plane always thrill know engine tank setup worked perfectly last plane yesterday always couple large inside loops first downwind try elongated round inside loop long inverted part top what heck go start inside loop inverted flight Now get spotter again check wing high low outboard tip something seems wrong try level upright flight again followed inverted flight right away get spotters feel ings Since cant stop now anyway unless plane flying badly further experiments would dangerous lets go series climbs dives purpose see plane appears nose-heavy tail-heavyfor style offlying plane climbs dives very easily jerk may tail-heavy require nose weight plane seems locked groove level flight probably have too much nose weight may also experience hunting level flight means ship wants climb dive gradually time have keep minutely adjusting handle keep plane level flight seems have mind its own during level flight have keep adjusting wrist/hand/handle maintain constant alti tude quote Olympic Mark VI man Bob Gialdini Old stunt planes dont hunt ask Its because slop slop elevator movement 116 Model Aviation
Edition: Model Aviation - 1979/07
Page Numbers: 50, 51, 52, 53, 114, 115, 116
A Howard Rush ATrends inCom n new wave airplanes shaking up combat fliers world Will simplicitywin out will challenge potent exotic designs affect picture during next two seasons unopinionated analysis what going competitive Editors Note Like modelers able report state art dUferent interests editor haswe now should say hadan oversimplified THE dominant trend control line Corn- Structural Techniques Carl Berrypicture what makes combatflier tick bat airplane design toward airplanes mans Twister 1958 until recently Mr Rushs article long overdue ex- easier cheaper build hard Combat planes built around box position ofthe serious scientflc side part course make cheap easy-to- formed two heavy balsa wing ribs about impressive event urge everyone build airplanes competitive New six inches apart wing LE TE read featureit eye-opener materials new techniques refinements 1/16 sheet balsa top bottom Combat people perceptive valu- old techniques making simple planes surfaces box served distribute loads 50 Model Aviation Prime example exotic approach Combat design Mike Ho, aned up having controls located internally special interest its use exhaust duct top right ne mounted beams attached structure boxs center bellcrank supported rib left side box metal fuel tank nestled between engine mounts rib right side box ribs also carried loads two tail booms supported stabilator About 12 years ago pen-bladder baby-pacifier fuel systems replaced metal tanks inspired John Kilsdonk began attaching bellcrank mount engine mounts Clever people Detroit Cincinnati saw box structure now served carry engine tail boom loads could replaced structurally efficient single fuselage Although single-boom structure took ten years catch has adopted almost universally US Combat fliers last year Builders have come up structures simple light yet strong enough withstand rigors Combat Lots reinforcement required stabilator hinge keep tail break ing off snags grass launchers leg Hinges usually music wire brass tubing reinforced ply wood cloth epoxy like Phil Cartiers methoda Rocket City nylon strip hinge front half imbedded lywood stabilizer Another time-saving construction trick one-piece TE method uses TE sheet rather two sheets 1 / 16 wood tedious-to-cut chamfered joint one-piece TE sharpened rear SECTION MAX LIFT COEFFICIENT 12 10 8 20 18 16 14 0 COMBAT MAnFI 5 EFFECTIVE fits slots ribs Gussets make rib-TE joints sturdy Assembly much easier old way type construction well-suited airfoils like Wortmanns concave quite thin TE one-piece TE warpprone use hard wood single-boom concept film cover ing materials have made plastic foam air planes practical Foam airplanes have around long time Riley Wootens Vain6 4 2 0 2 100000 2 1000000 FULLSCALE AIRPLANES ACA 1012 0015 REYNOLDS NUMBER NACA 0009- JO authors Nemesis II took top three places Open Combat 1973 Nationals has since replaced simpler better-performing airplanes Left right Ron Esman third Max Mearns second Mark Pattie first July1979 51 Q .t U U 10000000 pire won Nationals several times since 1966 high-performance conventionalconstruction airplanes started doing winning early 70s forgot about foam Gary James Chuck Thomas Phil C artier Riley Wooten others have developed foam airplanes last few years quite competitive standard airplanes Richard Brashers foam Rotation Station best Combat plane have flown regardless construction new foamies have common single fuselage hot-wire-cut tapered wing covered plastic film wing structure little spar airfoils maximum thickness point have no LE structure because plastic filmcovered foam catches kill-zone strings wing passes through op ponents kill zone string cuts LE breaks Foam planes tend heavy new foamies weigh about 20 oz everything fuel compared 17 oz good wooden plane Foam fliers forsake crash survivability keep weight down except Brasher airplanes weigh about 23 oz sturdy enough withstand some turf encounters Materials biggest recent revolution Combat planes materials Plastic foam revolutionary material popular type foam Combat plane construction lb/cubic ft beaded polystyrene sold primarily 52 Model Aviation Steve Saccos Bosta has molded fiberglass leading edge extends back spars Elliptical planform requires lots building effort Chuck Rudners conventional airplane best flew similar airplanes 1978 Control Line World Championships Rushs modification Gary James foamy has long tail maneuvering stability forward sweep upwind performance Joanne Bartley better-looking model however Gene Pape looks unhappy muunu & ouiitup copy Rich Brashers foam Rotation Station needs extra sparson left wing prevent roll instability building insulation foam available densities up five lb/cubic ft Strengthto-weight ratio doesnt change much density denser stuff has smoother surface cut requires wings hollowed out keep weight reasonable Full-scale airplane builders prefer ex truded polystyrene foam such Dows Styrofoam Some British fliers using extruded foam havent seen US Combat planes Glass fiber-reinforced resin old hat Weve using reinforce engine mounts years people now doing amazing things glass exotic composites Steve Sacco molds entire front quar ter wings out glass-reinforced polyester gets smooth true airfoil less effort wooden structure FAL Team Race fliers building fuse lage shells out epoxy reinforced carbon fiber mat very light stiff enough Combat wings Carbon-reinforced epoxy several times stronger much stiffer glass composites same weight Carbon fiber expensive $90 yard cloth price coming down because production volume new manufacturing processes Bundles car bon fiber strands available National Free Flight Society 30 per meter make good spar reinforce ment imbedded epoxy wood spars Kevlar DuPont synthetic fiber almost strong carbon fiber used make bullet-proof vests cheaper carbonabout $10 per yard cloth Former US FF Power team member Charlie Martin builds front ends beautiful FAI planes Kevlar-reinforced epoxy same technique can used Combat planes last give up silk dope dont regret plastic film covering materials sure make things easy favorite among Combat fliers FasCal clear adhesive-backed polyester graphic arts film made Fasson Products doesnt come pretty colors light cheap strong sticks foam al though must take easy heat favorite films Pactras low-temper ature SolarFilm foam Top Flites Super MonoKote wood pretty cooperative work new polyurethane paints wel come replacement hot fuel proof dope soluble nitromethane Polyurethane sticks film covering mate rial better epoxy paint wont melt foam airfoils have lift Rey nolds numbers thicker have lift full-scale Reynolds numbers popular Combat airfoils NACA four-digit series developed 1930s work well easy scale different chords thicknesses because come handy formula Yt[14841 Vx/c 062981x/c 5x/c2 1421 lx/c3 — 050735x/c41 t maximum thickness inches X distance along chord inches C chord inches Y distance above below airfoil mean line inches mean line straight line between LE TE cal culations easy programmable calculator Better yet computer plotter draw ribs Modified NACA airfoils abound Nemesis II Bosta use 165% NACA four-digit section maximum-thick ness point squished forward 25% chord Airfoils shape Combat planes wing section airfoil has big effect its performance Picking best airfoil mostly trial error Published data arent much help because theyre intended real airplanes best airfoil Reynolds number range best full-scale airplane Fig 1 shows July1979 53 Continued page 114 Phil Grandersons 1978 Nationals winner illustrates single boom one-piece trailing edge reinforced stabilizer hinge Phils plane elegant its simplicity SAVE $150 ON YOUR NEXT RADIO Buy Digital Commander Flite Pack Kit Save Money out Compromising Quality Performance Three Servo Options Two Receiver Options Kit Prices Start $7496 details send $1 latest catalog Add $50 1st Class return $1 hand ling direct Orders 816 584-7121 AU /3 Urn] BOX 511E HIGGINSVILLE MO 64037 Custom-Dilt-RIC Built Order Plans Kit stock choose Piper Tn-Pacer Quarter-Scale 89 wIng span 42 Sq Ft detail ed plans $1699 PP Send $100 * Curtiss Hawk stomped envelope detailed listPm6~uE 60 wingspan 46 Sq Ft Built-Up RC Models 50% Sale super detailed scale plans Hobby Capitol Dist$1295 46 N Oak St ura Ca 93001 e 805 643-7616 ] Champs models flown sort competition considerable material Indoor World Champs Coupe dHiver smattering Old-Timer modeling Free Flight US style exemplified US Free Flight Champs sections about developments techniques associated model class written some knowledgable fliers business blow-by-blow accounts of major international World Champ competitions period covered complete listings results full-page plans occupy about half book accompanied story about history development model modelers own words About 90% plans have appeared publi cations available US FAT fliers Scatter Free Flight News NFFS Dig est Indoor News Views forth nice having under cover Most color photos truly excellent could have perfectly happy postcard shots lArc de Triumph le Tour Eiffel some family-album type snapshots Never theless whole photos document spirit international free flight compe titionits triumphs tragedies glories defeats pure fun itin addition its technology book red-blooded American FAT-oriented free flighter would proud own AnnouncemenL Fresno Annual September 29-30 weekend will see fortieth consecutive annual contest put Fresno Gas Model Airplane Club Events will include three FAT events l/2A B C D Gas Coupe P-30 Mulvihill A- 1 Glider Hand Launch Glider perhaps few others Stockton clubs Old-tinier Meet will held simul taneously same site Last years annual drew 155 contestants $2200 worth prizes including en graved silver-plate bowls sweep stakes winners years meet promises bigger better respect site sheep-grazing land 1 X 1 miles criss-crossed paved roads quartermile intervals Motorcycles OK Con tact man Russ James 4840 E Leisure Fresno CA 93727 Call 209 2552422 anytime Also something new Fresno club will series Tndoor meets first will June 23 Check Russ details Bob Meuser 4200 Gregory St Oak land CA 94619 writing advertisers mention read about Model Aviation Combat Trends/Rush continued page 53 Gary James Steve Sacco have modi fied NACA formula change such things LE radius TE angle best airfoil use depends also wing surface bumpiness Surface imperfec tions near LE really degrade Neme sis IT airfoils performance foamies get away bumpy surfaces using really blunt LEs Tm using Gary James-modified NACA airfoil fat LE foamy works great New airfoil design techniques have developed last few years may make airfoil design scientific spoil fun techniques consist determin ing what pressure distribution want calculating shape gives FX Wortmann University Stuttgart has designed some new fangled airfoils full-scale sailplane tail surfaces operate same Reynolds numbers design conditions Combat models wind tunnel data show im provement over old NACA airfoils Combat fliers have shown little interest trying new sectionsprobably because look different have pretty sharp LEs concave near TE Want first kid block try StuttgarterProfilkatalog D Althaus published Institute fur Aero-u Gasdynamik University Stuttgart Germany 1972 Configuration Airplanes bigger now several reasons Combat planes must turn tight fast loops minimum loop diameter airplane can turn proportional its wing area loadingif other factors dont change Area loading ratio weight wing area speed airplane can maintain consecutive maneuvers depends its duced drag given loop size speed induced drag proportional square span loading Span loading ratio weight wingspan Foamies need lots wing area span make up foams weight dis advantage Because engine fuel line weight constant get lower area loading span loading going bigger longer wing AMA-class foamies typically have 42 48 spans 360 400 sq areas compared 39 spans 320 360 sq areas conven tional planes Conventional-construction airplanes have practical wing span limits Balsa comes 36 lengths span means buying more-expensive 48 wood Itis also harder keep warps out longer wings Sherwood Buckstaff Texan col leagues kept 36 span increased chord l0an inch standard planes timeand gained area loading advantage over us paid area increased drag 114 Model Aviation ENGINECutlass Supreme INE KIT 45 60 SizeSweet Emily45 60 Size29 40 Engine $6995 Quick Fli Ill IV JET KITS $6995 Deluxe $12995 Economy $8995 Phoenix 6 Phoenix 5 Vertigo II Cureare Chizier F 8 F Bearcat Banshee P-47 -Trouble Maker Sun Fli IV Daddy -Rabbit Nutcracker ENGINE 40 Size -$5495 A-6 Intruder Cutlass Supreme Phoenix -5 ME -109 ZERO F-16 MIG -21 F -5 E-Z does Al Imost-ready-to fly Trainer Sheeted Wings 3 4 Channel Wingspan 55 Fora FREE CATALOGUESenda Self-Addressed Stamped Envelope R & S HOBBY PRODUCTS INC P0 Box 1161 Oak Lawn IL 60453 made up drag honkin engines rest us went bigger airplanes avoid being outmaneuvered Texans FAT airplanes have also grown past few years growth partly cause first FAT planes too small about 230 sq partly because FAT engines have increased power weight Cox Conquest 15 example weighs 6 oz 50% 15s often years ago new Cox Fox Rossi 15s powerful fliers use same size planes FAT AMA 36 cu class FAT models Europe bigger have over 400 sq area Tapered wing planforms gaining popularity Most foam wings tapered because taper free Tts just easy make two templates different sizes make same size Some people notably Chuck Rudner Neal White have gone effort making tapered elliptical balsa airplanes Tapered wings structurally nice less air load tips spars can spaced farther apart wing root Thus less spar material needed keep wing folding also have nice aerodynamic pro perties Tapered wings have little less induced drag rectangular wings same span loading also less affected wind Flat rectangular-planform wings act have positive dihedral negative rolling moment due sideslip inside loops negative dihedral positive rolling moment due sideslip outside loops causes airplane fly differently upwind side circle does downwind side Wing taper reduces dihedral effect Adding some forward sweep can eliminate have built some tapered swept-forward wings fly nicely upwind downwind get bugs out Im going really fearsome windy day Youve warned Some tapered wings have strange pro perty thats nice Because leadout wires exit wingtip near TE can twist wing its banked airplane banks right due wind gust example lines pull down left TE twisting wing rolls right effect unstable above certain speed result sudden violent roll can destroy airplane People have problem have usually able fix stiffening left wing new wave simple airplanes boon Combat simple planes remain competitive can continue enjoy sport less time work bench few zealots though challeng ing simplicity trend some really complicated designs Mike Hoffelt Cali fornia course has exotic FAT air plane claimed turn five-foot diameter loops Gene Pape Oregon terrorized everybody killed Buckstafl 1978 Nats balsa version July1979 115 EACH KIT CONTAINS Fiberglas Fuselage Fin Place Fiberglas Belly Pan Foam Wing Cores Foam Stab Cores /4 Fire Wall Motor Mounts Installed Landing Gear Blocks Designed retractable Landing Gear Complete Easy Instructions Holding Phil Cartiers Gotcha Gil Reedy Phils foamies simplest among best flying FAI planes flown Gary Frost 1978 World Champs wowed Europeans 0 LOWEST DRAIN WHY PAY big buy high performance *FIREBALL #H30 HOT 3 volts faster starts #S20 STANDARD 24 volts general use #C15 COOL 15 volts cures pre-ignition Just fun stick FIRE BALL great engine runs *advanced98 ............ FLASH STARTING 0 UNEXCELLED POWER LONGER LIFE cr11 1 GLOW PLUGS SWANSON ASSOCIATES P0 BOX 151WAYNE NEW JE35EY 07470 Brashers Rotation Station Are exotic planes worth effort next season two will determine way Combat design will go CL Scale/Gretz continued page 54 small point personal preference fact believe person could become just proficient either mode operation learn either just easily got some own specific reasons prefer ring fly Scale high throttle forward handle said part set up first 3-line system years ago became obvious mounted inverted bellcrank inverted seemingly intended almost engine high throttle position would forward control handles throttle lever same holds true mounting upright bellcrank upright throttle-equipped engines know require throttle pushrod move forward open car buretor except Fox engines often have lever both directions other words modeler uses stock equip ment mounts manufacturer intended mounted would almost cases get high throttle moving handles lever forward way noticed Scale fliers doing Nationals order make system work other way must reverse directions somewhere along line As said can incorporate straight reversing bellcrank arm between engine 3-line bellcrank can mount inverted style bellcrank upright upright style bellcrank inverted although know some control rod hookup problems can also simply loosen throttle arm engines rotate 180 degrees top side carb couldnt see possible advantage Scale flying doing things mentioned seemed natural pull back handles trigger get fast throttle seems natural fast throttle forward fullsize airplane automobile use left hand operate lever top handle thus always fly both hands Perhaps real heart personal preferences matter Im wondering other Carrier fliers normally fly hand using index finger operate trigger feel way can operate throttle precisely through stages scale flight competition Scale flying good share point-getting maneuvers done very near low throttlelike initial takeoff run landing touch-and-go taxi During maneuvers precise coordinated elevator throttle use important prefer trigger back what seem agree comfort able position day after mailed reply letter arrived MA sown Carrier expert respected friend Dick Perry very knowledgeably shed some light Carrier fliers prefer control set-up opposite what normal Scale Dick said looks like disagree little way appropriate direction open throttle 3-line system Its certainly no big thing Carrier requirements just little different Scale way forward openis way real air plane builders it works great two-handed flyingthe way Scale fliers Ive seen Carrier fliers little different generally one-handed few excep tions can fly bigger circle low speed hand use two hands high speed left hand support onlythe right index finger still handles throttle 5075 lbs pull pull-to-open throttle much easier keep open push-to-open rig one-hand operation low-speed throttle action also natural back pressure opens throttle up applied Also properly rigged up elevator condition against stop lines really loose will automatically open throttle bad situation total airplane pull about two pounds So have full story Two different methods two unique events As can see could go on meaningless debate about merits method lets just conclude devoted pilot can get satisfactory results either way know years RC has its Mode throttle right stick Mode II throttle left stick fliers tongue-in-cheek word-war about best Perhaps should divide up two-fisted lever pilots handed trigger pilots Are crazy Mike Gretz Box 162 Montezuma IA 50171 CL Aerobatics/Paul continued page 55 engine catches After plane air fly eye level approximately five feet off ground Have spotter better look see out board wing up down level Have spotter stand downwind facing can see plane coming going have spotter move counterclockwise 90 degrees around circle can watch plane downwind side upwind side Spot plane coming going position looking high low wing time pilot can look excessive yaw observing landing gear inboard gear looks front outboard gear plane goes around circle might too much line rake engine offset Going inverted flight first time new plane always thrill know engine tank setup worked perfectly last plane yesterday always couple large inside loops first downwind try elongated round inside loop long inverted part top what heck go start inside loop inverted flight Now get spotter again check wing high low outboard tip something seems wrong try level upright flight again followed inverted flight right away get spotters feel ings Since cant stop now anyway unless plane flying badly further experiments would dangerous lets go series climbs dives purpose see plane appears nose-heavy tail-heavyfor style offlying plane climbs dives very easily jerk may tail-heavy require nose weight plane seems locked groove level flight probably have too much nose weight may also experience hunting level flight means ship wants climb dive gradually time have keep minutely adjusting handle keep plane level flight seems have mind its own during level flight have keep adjusting wrist/hand/handle maintain constant alti tude quote Olympic Mark VI man Bob Gialdini Old stunt planes dont hunt ask Its because slop slop elevator movement 116 Model Aviation
Edition: Model Aviation - 1979/07
Page Numbers: 50, 51, 52, 53, 114, 115, 116
A Howard Rush ATrends inCom n new wave airplanes shaking up combat fliers world Will simplicitywin out will challenge potent exotic designs affect picture during next two seasons unopinionated analysis what going competitive Editors Note Like modelers able report state art dUferent interests editor haswe now should say hadan oversimplified THE dominant trend control line Corn- Structural Techniques Carl Berrypicture what makes combatflier tick bat airplane design toward airplanes mans Twister 1958 until recently Mr Rushs article long overdue ex- easier cheaper build hard Combat planes built around box position ofthe serious scientflc side part course make cheap easy-to- formed two heavy balsa wing ribs about impressive event urge everyone build airplanes competitive New six inches apart wing LE TE read featureit eye-opener materials new techniques refinements 1/16 sheet balsa top bottom Combat people perceptive valu- old techniques making simple planes surfaces box served distribute loads 50 Model Aviation Prime example exotic approach Combat design Mike Ho, aned up having controls located internally special interest its use exhaust duct top right ne mounted beams attached structure boxs center bellcrank supported rib left side box metal fuel tank nestled between engine mounts rib right side box ribs also carried loads two tail booms supported stabilator About 12 years ago pen-bladder baby-pacifier fuel systems replaced metal tanks inspired John Kilsdonk began attaching bellcrank mount engine mounts Clever people Detroit Cincinnati saw box structure now served carry engine tail boom loads could replaced structurally efficient single fuselage Although single-boom structure took ten years catch has adopted almost universally US Combat fliers last year Builders have come up structures simple light yet strong enough withstand rigors Combat Lots reinforcement required stabilator hinge keep tail break ing off snags grass launchers leg Hinges usually music wire brass tubing reinforced ply wood cloth epoxy like Phil Cartiers methoda Rocket City nylon strip hinge front half imbedded lywood stabilizer Another time-saving construction trick one-piece TE method uses TE sheet rather two sheets 1 / 16 wood tedious-to-cut chamfered joint one-piece TE sharpened rear SECTION MAX LIFT COEFFICIENT 12 10 8 20 18 16 14 0 COMBAT MAnFI 5 EFFECTIVE fits slots ribs Gussets make rib-TE joints sturdy Assembly much easier old way type construction well-suited airfoils like Wortmanns concave quite thin TE one-piece TE warpprone use hard wood single-boom concept film cover ing materials have made plastic foam air planes practical Foam airplanes have around long time Riley Wootens Vain6 4 2 0 2 100000 2 1000000 FULLSCALE AIRPLANES ACA 1012 0015 REYNOLDS NUMBER NACA 0009- JO authors Nemesis II took top three places Open Combat 1973 Nationals has since replaced simpler better-performing airplanes Left right Ron Esman third Max Mearns second Mark Pattie first July1979 51 Q .t U U 10000000 pire won Nationals several times since 1966 high-performance conventionalconstruction airplanes started doing winning early 70s forgot about foam Gary James Chuck Thomas Phil C artier Riley Wooten others have developed foam airplanes last few years quite competitive standard airplanes Richard Brashers foam Rotation Station best Combat plane have flown regardless construction new foamies have common single fuselage hot-wire-cut tapered wing covered plastic film wing structure little spar airfoils maximum thickness point have no LE structure because plastic filmcovered foam catches kill-zone strings wing passes through op ponents kill zone string cuts LE breaks Foam planes tend heavy new foamies weigh about 20 oz everything fuel compared 17 oz good wooden plane Foam fliers forsake crash survivability keep weight down except Brasher airplanes weigh about 23 oz sturdy enough withstand some turf encounters Materials biggest recent revolution Combat planes materials Plastic foam revolutionary material popular type foam Combat plane construction lb/cubic ft beaded polystyrene sold primarily 52 Model Aviation Steve Saccos Bosta has molded fiberglass leading edge extends back spars Elliptical planform requires lots building effort Chuck Rudners conventional airplane best flew similar airplanes 1978 Control Line World Championships Rushs modification Gary James foamy has long tail maneuvering stability forward sweep upwind performance Joanne Bartley better-looking model however Gene Pape looks unhappy muunu & ouiitup copy Rich Brashers foam Rotation Station needs extra sparson left wing prevent roll instability building insulation foam available densities up five lb/cubic ft Strengthto-weight ratio doesnt change much density denser stuff has smoother surface cut requires wings hollowed out keep weight reasonable Full-scale airplane builders prefer ex truded polystyrene foam such Dows Styrofoam Some British fliers using extruded foam havent seen US Combat planes Glass fiber-reinforced resin old hat Weve using reinforce engine mounts years people now doing amazing things glass exotic composites Steve Sacco molds entire front quar ter wings out glass-reinforced polyester gets smooth true airfoil less effort wooden structure FAL Team Race fliers building fuse lage shells out epoxy reinforced carbon fiber mat very light stiff enough Combat wings Carbon-reinforced epoxy several times stronger much stiffer glass composites same weight Carbon fiber expensive $90 yard cloth price coming down because production volume new manufacturing processes Bundles car bon fiber strands available National Free Flight Society 30 per meter make good spar reinforce ment imbedded epoxy wood spars Kevlar DuPont synthetic fiber almost strong carbon fiber used make bullet-proof vests cheaper carbonabout $10 per yard cloth Former US FF Power team member Charlie Martin builds front ends beautiful FAI planes Kevlar-reinforced epoxy same technique can used Combat planes last give up silk dope dont regret plastic film covering materials sure make things easy favorite among Combat fliers FasCal clear adhesive-backed polyester graphic arts film made Fasson Products doesnt come pretty colors light cheap strong sticks foam al though must take easy heat favorite films Pactras low-temper ature SolarFilm foam Top Flites Super MonoKote wood pretty cooperative work new polyurethane paints wel come replacement hot fuel proof dope soluble nitromethane Polyurethane sticks film covering mate rial better epoxy paint wont melt foam airfoils have lift Rey nolds numbers thicker have lift full-scale Reynolds numbers popular Combat airfoils NACA four-digit series developed 1930s work well easy scale different chords thicknesses because come handy formula Yt[14841 Vx/c 062981x/c 5x/c2 1421 lx/c3 — 050735x/c41 t maximum thickness inches X distance along chord inches C chord inches Y distance above below airfoil mean line inches mean line straight line between LE TE cal culations easy programmable calculator Better yet computer plotter draw ribs Modified NACA airfoils abound Nemesis II Bosta use 165% NACA four-digit section maximum-thick ness point squished forward 25% chord Airfoils shape Combat planes wing section airfoil has big effect its performance Picking best airfoil mostly trial error Published data arent much help because theyre intended real airplanes best airfoil Reynolds number range best full-scale airplane Fig 1 shows July1979 53 Continued page 114 Phil Grandersons 1978 Nationals winner illustrates single boom one-piece trailing edge reinforced stabilizer hinge Phils plane elegant its simplicity SAVE $150 ON YOUR NEXT RADIO Buy Digital Commander Flite Pack Kit Save Money out Compromising Quality Performance Three Servo Options Two Receiver Options Kit Prices Start $7496 details send $1 latest catalog Add $50 1st Class return $1 hand ling direct Orders 816 584-7121 AU /3 Urn] BOX 511E HIGGINSVILLE MO 64037 Custom-Dilt-RIC Built Order Plans Kit stock choose Piper Tn-Pacer Quarter-Scale 89 wIng span 42 Sq Ft detail ed plans $1699 PP Send $100 * Curtiss Hawk stomped envelope detailed listPm6~uE 60 wingspan 46 Sq Ft Built-Up RC Models 50% Sale super detailed scale plans Hobby Capitol Dist$1295 46 N Oak St ura Ca 93001 e 805 643-7616 ] Champs models flown sort competition considerable material Indoor World Champs Coupe dHiver smattering Old-Timer modeling Free Flight US style exemplified US Free Flight Champs sections about developments techniques associated model class written some knowledgable fliers business blow-by-blow accounts of major international World Champ competitions period covered complete listings results full-page plans occupy about half book accompanied story about history development model modelers own words About 90% plans have appeared publi cations available US FAT fliers Scatter Free Flight News NFFS Dig est Indoor News Views forth nice having under cover Most color photos truly excellent could have perfectly happy postcard shots lArc de Triumph le Tour Eiffel some family-album type snapshots Never theless whole photos document spirit international free flight compe titionits triumphs tragedies glories defeats pure fun itin addition its technology book red-blooded American FAT-oriented free flighter would proud own AnnouncemenL Fresno Annual September 29-30 weekend will see fortieth consecutive annual contest put Fresno Gas Model Airplane Club Events will include three FAT events l/2A B C D Gas Coupe P-30 Mulvihill A- 1 Glider Hand Launch Glider perhaps few others Stockton clubs Old-tinier Meet will held simul taneously same site Last years annual drew 155 contestants $2200 worth prizes including en graved silver-plate bowls sweep stakes winners years meet promises bigger better respect site sheep-grazing land 1 X 1 miles criss-crossed paved roads quartermile intervals Motorcycles OK Con tact man Russ James 4840 E Leisure Fresno CA 93727 Call 209 2552422 anytime Also something new Fresno club will series Tndoor meets first will June 23 Check Russ details Bob Meuser 4200 Gregory St Oak land CA 94619 writing advertisers mention read about Model Aviation Combat Trends/Rush continued page 53 Gary James Steve Sacco have modi fied NACA formula change such things LE radius TE angle best airfoil use depends also wing surface bumpiness Surface imperfec tions near LE really degrade Neme sis IT airfoils performance foamies get away bumpy surfaces using really blunt LEs Tm using Gary James-modified NACA airfoil fat LE foamy works great New airfoil design techniques have developed last few years may make airfoil design scientific spoil fun techniques consist determin ing what pressure distribution want calculating shape gives FX Wortmann University Stuttgart has designed some new fangled airfoils full-scale sailplane tail surfaces operate same Reynolds numbers design conditions Combat models wind tunnel data show im provement over old NACA airfoils Combat fliers have shown little interest trying new sectionsprobably because look different have pretty sharp LEs concave near TE Want first kid block try StuttgarterProfilkatalog D Althaus published Institute fur Aero-u Gasdynamik University Stuttgart Germany 1972 Configuration Airplanes bigger now several reasons Combat planes must turn tight fast loops minimum loop diameter airplane can turn proportional its wing area loadingif other factors dont change Area loading ratio weight wing area speed airplane can maintain consecutive maneuvers depends its duced drag given loop size speed induced drag proportional square span loading Span loading ratio weight wingspan Foamies need lots wing area span make up foams weight dis advantage Because engine fuel line weight constant get lower area loading span loading going bigger longer wing AMA-class foamies typically have 42 48 spans 360 400 sq areas compared 39 spans 320 360 sq areas conven tional planes Conventional-construction airplanes have practical wing span limits Balsa comes 36 lengths span means buying more-expensive 48 wood Itis also harder keep warps out longer wings Sherwood Buckstaff Texan col leagues kept 36 span increased chord l0an inch standard planes timeand gained area loading advantage over us paid area increased drag 114 Model Aviation ENGINECutlass Supreme INE KIT 45 60 SizeSweet Emily45 60 Size29 40 Engine $6995 Quick Fli Ill IV JET KITS $6995 Deluxe $12995 Economy $8995 Phoenix 6 Phoenix 5 Vertigo II Cureare Chizier F 8 F Bearcat Banshee P-47 -Trouble Maker Sun Fli IV Daddy -Rabbit Nutcracker ENGINE 40 Size -$5495 A-6 Intruder Cutlass Supreme Phoenix -5 ME -109 ZERO F-16 MIG -21 F -5 E-Z does Al Imost-ready-to fly Trainer Sheeted Wings 3 4 Channel Wingspan 55 Fora FREE CATALOGUESenda Self-Addressed Stamped Envelope R & S HOBBY PRODUCTS INC P0 Box 1161 Oak Lawn IL 60453 made up drag honkin engines rest us went bigger airplanes avoid being outmaneuvered Texans FAT airplanes have also grown past few years growth partly cause first FAT planes too small about 230 sq partly because FAT engines have increased power weight Cox Conquest 15 example weighs 6 oz 50% 15s often years ago new Cox Fox Rossi 15s powerful fliers use same size planes FAT AMA 36 cu class FAT models Europe bigger have over 400 sq area Tapered wing planforms gaining popularity Most foam wings tapered because taper free Tts just easy make two templates different sizes make same size Some people notably Chuck Rudner Neal White have gone effort making tapered elliptical balsa airplanes Tapered wings structurally nice less air load tips spars can spaced farther apart wing root Thus less spar material needed keep wing folding also have nice aerodynamic pro perties Tapered wings have little less induced drag rectangular wings same span loading also less affected wind Flat rectangular-planform wings act have positive dihedral negative rolling moment due sideslip inside loops negative dihedral positive rolling moment due sideslip outside loops causes airplane fly differently upwind side circle does downwind side Wing taper reduces dihedral effect Adding some forward sweep can eliminate have built some tapered swept-forward wings fly nicely upwind downwind get bugs out Im going really fearsome windy day Youve warned Some tapered wings have strange pro perty thats nice Because leadout wires exit wingtip near TE can twist wing its banked airplane banks right due wind gust example lines pull down left TE twisting wing rolls right effect unstable above certain speed result sudden violent roll can destroy airplane People have problem have usually able fix stiffening left wing new wave simple airplanes boon Combat simple planes remain competitive can continue enjoy sport less time work bench few zealots though challeng ing simplicity trend some really complicated designs Mike Hoffelt Cali fornia course has exotic FAT air plane claimed turn five-foot diameter loops Gene Pape Oregon terrorized everybody killed Buckstafl 1978 Nats balsa version July1979 115 EACH KIT CONTAINS Fiberglas Fuselage Fin Place Fiberglas Belly Pan Foam Wing Cores Foam Stab Cores /4 Fire Wall Motor Mounts Installed Landing Gear Blocks Designed retractable Landing Gear Complete Easy Instructions Holding Phil Cartiers Gotcha Gil Reedy Phils foamies simplest among best flying FAI planes flown Gary Frost 1978 World Champs wowed Europeans 0 LOWEST DRAIN WHY PAY big buy high performance *FIREBALL #H30 HOT 3 volts faster starts #S20 STANDARD 24 volts general use #C15 COOL 15 volts cures pre-ignition Just fun stick FIRE BALL great engine runs *advanced98 ............ FLASH STARTING 0 UNEXCELLED POWER LONGER LIFE cr11 1 GLOW PLUGS SWANSON ASSOCIATES P0 BOX 151WAYNE NEW JE35EY 07470 Brashers Rotation Station Are exotic planes worth effort next season two will determine way Combat design will go CL Scale/Gretz continued page 54 small point personal preference fact believe person could become just proficient either mode operation learn either just easily got some own specific reasons prefer ring fly Scale high throttle forward handle said part set up first 3-line system years ago became obvious mounted inverted bellcrank inverted seemingly intended almost engine high throttle position would forward control handles throttle lever same holds true mounting upright bellcrank upright throttle-equipped engines know require throttle pushrod move forward open car buretor except Fox engines often have lever both directions other words modeler uses stock equip ment mounts manufacturer intended mounted would almost cases get high throttle moving handles lever forward way noticed Scale fliers doing Nationals order make system work other way must reverse directions somewhere along line As said can incorporate straight reversing bellcrank arm between engine 3-line bellcrank can mount inverted style bellcrank upright upright style bellcrank inverted although know some control rod hookup problems can also simply loosen throttle arm engines rotate 180 degrees top side carb couldnt see possible advantage Scale flying doing things mentioned seemed natural pull back handles trigger get fast throttle seems natural fast throttle forward fullsize airplane automobile use left hand operate lever top handle thus always fly both hands Perhaps real heart personal preferences matter Im wondering other Carrier fliers normally fly hand using index finger operate trigger feel way can operate throttle precisely through stages scale flight competition Scale flying good share point-getting maneuvers done very near low throttlelike initial takeoff run landing touch-and-go taxi During maneuvers precise coordinated elevator throttle use important prefer trigger back what seem agree comfort able position day after mailed reply letter arrived MA sown Carrier expert respected friend Dick Perry very knowledgeably shed some light Carrier fliers prefer control set-up opposite what normal Scale Dick said looks like disagree little way appropriate direction open throttle 3-line system Its certainly no big thing Carrier requirements just little different Scale way forward openis way real air plane builders it works great two-handed flyingthe way Scale fliers Ive seen Carrier fliers little different generally one-handed few excep tions can fly bigger circle low speed hand use two hands high speed left hand support onlythe right index finger still handles throttle 5075 lbs pull pull-to-open throttle much easier keep open push-to-open rig one-hand operation low-speed throttle action also natural back pressure opens throttle up applied Also properly rigged up elevator condition against stop lines really loose will automatically open throttle bad situation total airplane pull about two pounds So have full story Two different methods two unique events As can see could go on meaningless debate about merits method lets just conclude devoted pilot can get satisfactory results either way know years RC has its Mode throttle right stick Mode II throttle left stick fliers tongue-in-cheek word-war about best Perhaps should divide up two-fisted lever pilots handed trigger pilots Are crazy Mike Gretz Box 162 Montezuma IA 50171 CL Aerobatics/Paul continued page 55 engine catches After plane air fly eye level approximately five feet off ground Have spotter better look see out board wing up down level Have spotter stand downwind facing can see plane coming going have spotter move counterclockwise 90 degrees around circle can watch plane downwind side upwind side Spot plane coming going position looking high low wing time pilot can look excessive yaw observing landing gear inboard gear looks front outboard gear plane goes around circle might too much line rake engine offset Going inverted flight first time new plane always thrill know engine tank setup worked perfectly last plane yesterday always couple large inside loops first downwind try elongated round inside loop long inverted part top what heck go start inside loop inverted flight Now get spotter again check wing high low outboard tip something seems wrong try level upright flight again followed inverted flight right away get spotters feel ings Since cant stop now anyway unless plane flying badly further experiments would dangerous lets go series climbs dives purpose see plane appears nose-heavy tail-heavyfor style offlying plane climbs dives very easily jerk may tail-heavy require nose weight plane seems locked groove level flight probably have too much nose weight may also experience hunting level flight means ship wants climb dive gradually time have keep minutely adjusting handle keep plane level flight seems have mind its own during level flight have keep adjusting wrist/hand/handle maintain constant alti tude quote Olympic Mark VI man Bob Gialdini Old stunt planes dont hunt ask Its because slop slop elevator movement 116 Model Aviation
Edition: Model Aviation - 1979/07
Page Numbers: 50, 51, 52, 53, 114, 115, 116
A Howard Rush ATrends inCom n new wave airplanes shaking up combat fliers world Will simplicitywin out will challenge potent exotic designs affect picture during next two seasons unopinionated analysis what going competitive Editors Note Like modelers able report state art dUferent interests editor haswe now should say hadan oversimplified THE dominant trend control line Corn- Structural Techniques Carl Berrypicture what makes combatflier tick bat airplane design toward airplanes mans Twister 1958 until recently Mr Rushs article long overdue ex- easier cheaper build hard Combat planes built around box position ofthe serious scientflc side part course make cheap easy-to- formed two heavy balsa wing ribs about impressive event urge everyone build airplanes competitive New six inches apart wing LE TE read featureit eye-opener materials new techniques refinements 1/16 sheet balsa top bottom Combat people perceptive valu- old techniques making simple planes surfaces box served distribute loads 50 Model Aviation Prime example exotic approach Combat design Mike Ho, aned up having controls located internally special interest its use exhaust duct top right ne mounted beams attached structure boxs center bellcrank supported rib left side box metal fuel tank nestled between engine mounts rib right side box ribs also carried loads two tail booms supported stabilator About 12 years ago pen-bladder baby-pacifier fuel systems replaced metal tanks inspired John Kilsdonk began attaching bellcrank mount engine mounts Clever people Detroit Cincinnati saw box structure now served carry engine tail boom loads could replaced structurally efficient single fuselage Although single-boom structure took ten years catch has adopted almost universally US Combat fliers last year Builders have come up structures simple light yet strong enough withstand rigors Combat Lots reinforcement required stabilator hinge keep tail break ing off snags grass launchers leg Hinges usually music wire brass tubing reinforced ply wood cloth epoxy like Phil Cartiers methoda Rocket City nylon strip hinge front half imbedded lywood stabilizer Another time-saving construction trick one-piece TE method uses TE sheet rather two sheets 1 / 16 wood tedious-to-cut chamfered joint one-piece TE sharpened rear SECTION MAX LIFT COEFFICIENT 12 10 8 20 18 16 14 0 COMBAT MAnFI 5 EFFECTIVE fits slots ribs Gussets make rib-TE joints sturdy Assembly much easier old way type construction well-suited airfoils like Wortmanns concave quite thin TE one-piece TE warpprone use hard wood single-boom concept film cover ing materials have made plastic foam air planes practical Foam airplanes have around long time Riley Wootens Vain6 4 2 0 2 100000 2 1000000 FULLSCALE AIRPLANES ACA 1012 0015 REYNOLDS NUMBER NACA 0009- JO authors Nemesis II took top three places Open Combat 1973 Nationals has since replaced simpler better-performing airplanes Left right Ron Esman third Max Mearns second Mark Pattie first July1979 51 Q .t U U 10000000 pire won Nationals several times since 1966 high-performance conventionalconstruction airplanes started doing winning early 70s forgot about foam Gary James Chuck Thomas Phil C artier Riley Wooten others have developed foam airplanes last few years quite competitive standard airplanes Richard Brashers foam Rotation Station best Combat plane have flown regardless construction new foamies have common single fuselage hot-wire-cut tapered wing covered plastic film wing structure little spar airfoils maximum thickness point have no LE structure because plastic filmcovered foam catches kill-zone strings wing passes through op ponents kill zone string cuts LE breaks Foam planes tend heavy new foamies weigh about 20 oz everything fuel compared 17 oz good wooden plane Foam fliers forsake crash survivability keep weight down except Brasher airplanes weigh about 23 oz sturdy enough withstand some turf encounters Materials biggest recent revolution Combat planes materials Plastic foam revolutionary material popular type foam Combat plane construction lb/cubic ft beaded polystyrene sold primarily 52 Model Aviation Steve Saccos Bosta has molded fiberglass leading edge extends back spars Elliptical planform requires lots building effort Chuck Rudners conventional airplane best flew similar airplanes 1978 Control Line World Championships Rushs modification Gary James foamy has long tail maneuvering stability forward sweep upwind performance Joanne Bartley better-looking model however Gene Pape looks unhappy muunu & ouiitup copy Rich Brashers foam Rotation Station needs extra sparson left wing prevent roll instability building insulation foam available densities up five lb/cubic ft Strengthto-weight ratio doesnt change much density denser stuff has smoother surface cut requires wings hollowed out keep weight reasonable Full-scale airplane builders prefer ex truded polystyrene foam such Dows Styrofoam Some British fliers using extruded foam havent seen US Combat planes Glass fiber-reinforced resin old hat Weve using reinforce engine mounts years people now doing amazing things glass exotic composites Steve Sacco molds entire front quar ter wings out glass-reinforced polyester gets smooth true airfoil less effort wooden structure FAL Team Race fliers building fuse lage shells out epoxy reinforced carbon fiber mat very light stiff enough Combat wings Carbon-reinforced epoxy several times stronger much stiffer glass composites same weight Carbon fiber expensive $90 yard cloth price coming down because production volume new manufacturing processes Bundles car bon fiber strands available National Free Flight Society 30 per meter make good spar reinforce ment imbedded epoxy wood spars Kevlar DuPont synthetic fiber almost strong carbon fiber used make bullet-proof vests cheaper carbonabout $10 per yard cloth Former US FF Power team member Charlie Martin builds front ends beautiful FAI planes Kevlar-reinforced epoxy same technique can used Combat planes last give up silk dope dont regret plastic film covering materials sure make things easy favorite among Combat fliers FasCal clear adhesive-backed polyester graphic arts film made Fasson Products doesnt come pretty colors light cheap strong sticks foam al though must take easy heat favorite films Pactras low-temper ature SolarFilm foam Top Flites Super MonoKote wood pretty cooperative work new polyurethane paints wel come replacement hot fuel proof dope soluble nitromethane Polyurethane sticks film covering mate rial better epoxy paint wont melt foam airfoils have lift Rey nolds numbers thicker have lift full-scale Reynolds numbers popular Combat airfoils NACA four-digit series developed 1930s work well easy scale different chords thicknesses because come handy formula Yt[14841 Vx/c 062981x/c 5x/c2 1421 lx/c3 — 050735x/c41 t maximum thickness inches X distance along chord inches C chord inches Y distance above below airfoil mean line inches mean line straight line between LE TE cal culations easy programmable calculator Better yet computer plotter draw ribs Modified NACA airfoils abound Nemesis II Bosta use 165% NACA four-digit section maximum-thick ness point squished forward 25% chord Airfoils shape Combat planes wing section airfoil has big effect its performance Picking best airfoil mostly trial error Published data arent much help because theyre intended real airplanes best airfoil Reynolds number range best full-scale airplane Fig 1 shows July1979 53 Continued page 114 Phil Grandersons 1978 Nationals winner illustrates single boom one-piece trailing edge reinforced stabilizer hinge Phils plane elegant its simplicity SAVE $150 ON YOUR NEXT RADIO Buy Digital Commander Flite Pack Kit Save Money out Compromising Quality Performance Three Servo Options Two Receiver Options Kit Prices Start $7496 details send $1 latest catalog Add $50 1st Class return $1 hand ling direct Orders 816 584-7121 AU /3 Urn] BOX 511E HIGGINSVILLE MO 64037 Custom-Dilt-RIC Built Order Plans Kit stock choose Piper Tn-Pacer Quarter-Scale 89 wIng span 42 Sq Ft detail ed plans $1699 PP Send $100 * Curtiss Hawk stomped envelope detailed listPm6~uE 60 wingspan 46 Sq Ft Built-Up RC Models 50% Sale super detailed scale plans Hobby Capitol Dist$1295 46 N Oak St ura Ca 93001 e 805 643-7616 ] Champs models flown sort competition considerable material Indoor World Champs Coupe dHiver smattering Old-Timer modeling Free Flight US style exemplified US Free Flight Champs sections about developments techniques associated model class written some knowledgable fliers business blow-by-blow accounts of major international World Champ competitions period covered complete listings results full-page plans occupy about half book accompanied story about history development model modelers own words About 90% plans have appeared publi cations available US FAT fliers Scatter Free Flight News NFFS Dig est Indoor News Views forth nice having under cover Most color photos truly excellent could have perfectly happy postcard shots lArc de Triumph le Tour Eiffel some family-album type snapshots Never theless whole photos document spirit international free flight compe titionits triumphs tragedies glories defeats pure fun itin addition its technology book red-blooded American FAT-oriented free flighter would proud own AnnouncemenL Fresno Annual September 29-30 weekend will see fortieth consecutive annual contest put Fresno Gas Model Airplane Club Events will include three FAT events l/2A B C D Gas Coupe P-30 Mulvihill A- 1 Glider Hand Launch Glider perhaps few others Stockton clubs Old-tinier Meet will held simul taneously same site Last years annual drew 155 contestants $2200 worth prizes including en graved silver-plate bowls sweep stakes winners years meet promises bigger better respect site sheep-grazing land 1 X 1 miles criss-crossed paved roads quartermile intervals Motorcycles OK Con tact man Russ James 4840 E Leisure Fresno CA 93727 Call 209 2552422 anytime Also something new Fresno club will series Tndoor meets first will June 23 Check Russ details Bob Meuser 4200 Gregory St Oak land CA 94619 writing advertisers mention read about Model Aviation Combat Trends/Rush continued page 53 Gary James Steve Sacco have modi fied NACA formula change such things LE radius TE angle best airfoil use depends also wing surface bumpiness Surface imperfec tions near LE really degrade Neme sis IT airfoils performance foamies get away bumpy surfaces using really blunt LEs Tm using Gary James-modified NACA airfoil fat LE foamy works great New airfoil design techniques have developed last few years may make airfoil design scientific spoil fun techniques consist determin ing what pressure distribution want calculating shape gives FX Wortmann University Stuttgart has designed some new fangled airfoils full-scale sailplane tail surfaces operate same Reynolds numbers design conditions Combat models wind tunnel data show im provement over old NACA airfoils Combat fliers have shown little interest trying new sectionsprobably because look different have pretty sharp LEs concave near TE Want first kid block try StuttgarterProfilkatalog D Althaus published Institute fur Aero-u Gasdynamik University Stuttgart Germany 1972 Configuration Airplanes bigger now several reasons Combat planes must turn tight fast loops minimum loop diameter airplane can turn proportional its wing area loadingif other factors dont change Area loading ratio weight wing area speed airplane can maintain consecutive maneuvers depends its duced drag given loop size speed induced drag proportional square span loading Span loading ratio weight wingspan Foamies need lots wing area span make up foams weight dis advantage Because engine fuel line weight constant get lower area loading span loading going bigger longer wing AMA-class foamies typically have 42 48 spans 360 400 sq areas compared 39 spans 320 360 sq areas conven tional planes Conventional-construction airplanes have practical wing span limits Balsa comes 36 lengths span means buying more-expensive 48 wood Itis also harder keep warps out longer wings Sherwood Buckstaff Texan col leagues kept 36 span increased chord l0an inch standard planes timeand gained area loading advantage over us paid area increased drag 114 Model Aviation ENGINECutlass Supreme INE KIT 45 60 SizeSweet Emily45 60 Size29 40 Engine $6995 Quick Fli Ill IV JET KITS $6995 Deluxe $12995 Economy $8995 Phoenix 6 Phoenix 5 Vertigo II Cureare Chizier F 8 F Bearcat Banshee P-47 -Trouble Maker Sun Fli IV Daddy -Rabbit Nutcracker ENGINE 40 Size -$5495 A-6 Intruder Cutlass Supreme Phoenix -5 ME -109 ZERO F-16 MIG -21 F -5 E-Z does Al Imost-ready-to fly Trainer Sheeted Wings 3 4 Channel Wingspan 55 Fora FREE CATALOGUESenda Self-Addressed Stamped Envelope R & S HOBBY PRODUCTS INC P0 Box 1161 Oak Lawn IL 60453 made up drag honkin engines rest us went bigger airplanes avoid being outmaneuvered Texans FAT airplanes have also grown past few years growth partly cause first FAT planes too small about 230 sq partly because FAT engines have increased power weight Cox Conquest 15 example weighs 6 oz 50% 15s often years ago new Cox Fox Rossi 15s powerful fliers use same size planes FAT AMA 36 cu class FAT models Europe bigger have over 400 sq area Tapered wing planforms gaining popularity Most foam wings tapered because taper free Tts just easy make two templates different sizes make same size Some people notably Chuck Rudner Neal White have gone effort making tapered elliptical balsa airplanes Tapered wings structurally nice less air load tips spars can spaced farther apart wing root Thus less spar material needed keep wing folding also have nice aerodynamic pro perties Tapered wings have little less induced drag rectangular wings same span loading also less affected wind Flat rectangular-planform wings act have positive dihedral negative rolling moment due sideslip inside loops negative dihedral positive rolling moment due sideslip outside loops causes airplane fly differently upwind side circle does downwind side Wing taper reduces dihedral effect Adding some forward sweep can eliminate have built some tapered swept-forward wings fly nicely upwind downwind get bugs out Im going really fearsome windy day Youve warned Some tapered wings have strange pro perty thats nice Because leadout wires exit wingtip near TE can twist wing its banked airplane banks right due wind gust example lines pull down left TE twisting wing rolls right effect unstable above certain speed result sudden violent roll can destroy airplane People have problem have usually able fix stiffening left wing new wave simple airplanes boon Combat simple planes remain competitive can continue enjoy sport less time work bench few zealots though challeng ing simplicity trend some really complicated designs Mike Hoffelt Cali fornia course has exotic FAT air plane claimed turn five-foot diameter loops Gene Pape Oregon terrorized everybody killed Buckstafl 1978 Nats balsa version July1979 115 EACH KIT CONTAINS Fiberglas Fuselage Fin Place Fiberglas Belly Pan Foam Wing Cores Foam Stab Cores /4 Fire Wall Motor Mounts Installed Landing Gear Blocks Designed retractable Landing Gear Complete Easy Instructions Holding Phil Cartiers Gotcha Gil Reedy Phils foamies simplest among best flying FAI planes flown Gary Frost 1978 World Champs wowed Europeans 0 LOWEST DRAIN WHY PAY big buy high performance *FIREBALL #H30 HOT 3 volts faster starts #S20 STANDARD 24 volts general use #C15 COOL 15 volts cures pre-ignition Just fun stick FIRE BALL great engine runs *advanced98 ............ FLASH STARTING 0 UNEXCELLED POWER LONGER LIFE cr11 1 GLOW PLUGS SWANSON ASSOCIATES P0 BOX 151WAYNE NEW JE35EY 07470 Brashers Rotation Station Are exotic planes worth effort next season two will determine way Combat design will go CL Scale/Gretz continued page 54 small point personal preference fact believe person could become just proficient either mode operation learn either just easily got some own specific reasons prefer ring fly Scale high throttle forward handle said part set up first 3-line system years ago became obvious mounted inverted bellcrank inverted seemingly intended almost engine high throttle position would forward control handles throttle lever same holds true mounting upright bellcrank upright throttle-equipped engines know require throttle pushrod move forward open car buretor except Fox engines often have lever both directions other words modeler uses stock equip ment mounts manufacturer intended mounted would almost cases get high throttle moving handles lever forward way noticed Scale fliers doing Nationals order make system work other way must reverse directions somewhere along line As said can incorporate straight reversing bellcrank arm between engine 3-line bellcrank can mount inverted style bellcrank upright upright style bellcrank inverted although know some control rod hookup problems can also simply loosen throttle arm engines rotate 180 degrees top side carb couldnt see possible advantage Scale flying doing things mentioned seemed natural pull back handles trigger get fast throttle seems natural fast throttle forward fullsize airplane automobile use left hand operate lever top handle thus always fly both hands Perhaps real heart personal preferences matter Im wondering other Carrier fliers normally fly hand using index finger operate trigger feel way can operate throttle precisely through stages scale flight competition Scale flying good share point-getting maneuvers done very near low throttlelike initial takeoff run landing touch-and-go taxi During maneuvers precise coordinated elevator throttle use important prefer trigger back what seem agree comfort able position day after mailed reply letter arrived MA sown Carrier expert respected friend Dick Perry very knowledgeably shed some light Carrier fliers prefer control set-up opposite what normal Scale Dick said looks like disagree little way appropriate direction open throttle 3-line system Its certainly no big thing Carrier requirements just little different Scale way forward openis way real air plane builders it works great two-handed flyingthe way Scale fliers Ive seen Carrier fliers little different generally one-handed few excep tions can fly bigger circle low speed hand use two hands high speed left hand support onlythe right index finger still handles throttle 5075 lbs pull pull-to-open throttle much easier keep open push-to-open rig one-hand operation low-speed throttle action also natural back pressure opens throttle up applied Also properly rigged up elevator condition against stop lines really loose will automatically open throttle bad situation total airplane pull about two pounds So have full story Two different methods two unique events As can see could go on meaningless debate about merits method lets just conclude devoted pilot can get satisfactory results either way know years RC has its Mode throttle right stick Mode II throttle left stick fliers tongue-in-cheek word-war about best Perhaps should divide up two-fisted lever pilots handed trigger pilots Are crazy Mike Gretz Box 162 Montezuma IA 50171 CL Aerobatics/Paul continued page 55 engine catches After plane air fly eye level approximately five feet off ground Have spotter better look see out board wing up down level Have spotter stand downwind facing can see plane coming going have spotter move counterclockwise 90 degrees around circle can watch plane downwind side upwind side Spot plane coming going position looking high low wing time pilot can look excessive yaw observing landing gear inboard gear looks front outboard gear plane goes around circle might too much line rake engine offset Going inverted flight first time new plane always thrill know engine tank setup worked perfectly last plane yesterday always couple large inside loops first downwind try elongated round inside loop long inverted part top what heck go start inside loop inverted flight Now get spotter again check wing high low outboard tip something seems wrong try level upright flight again followed inverted flight right away get spotters feel ings Since cant stop now anyway unless plane flying badly further experiments would dangerous lets go series climbs dives purpose see plane appears nose-heavy tail-heavyfor style offlying plane climbs dives very easily jerk may tail-heavy require nose weight plane seems locked groove level flight probably have too much nose weight may also experience hunting level flight means ship wants climb dive gradually time have keep minutely adjusting handle keep plane level flight seems have mind its own during level flight have keep adjusting wrist/hand/handle maintain constant alti tude quote Olympic Mark VI man Bob Gialdini Old stunt planes dont hunt ask Its because slop slop elevator movement 116 Model Aviation
Edition: Model Aviation - 1979/07
Page Numbers: 50, 51, 52, 53, 114, 115, 116
A Howard Rush ATrends inCom n new wave airplanes shaking up combat fliers world Will simplicitywin out will challenge potent exotic designs affect picture during next two seasons unopinionated analysis what going competitive Editors Note Like modelers able report state art dUferent interests editor haswe now should say hadan oversimplified THE dominant trend control line Corn- Structural Techniques Carl Berrypicture what makes combatflier tick bat airplane design toward airplanes mans Twister 1958 until recently Mr Rushs article long overdue ex- easier cheaper build hard Combat planes built around box position ofthe serious scientflc side part course make cheap easy-to- formed two heavy balsa wing ribs about impressive event urge everyone build airplanes competitive New six inches apart wing LE TE read featureit eye-opener materials new techniques refinements 1/16 sheet balsa top bottom Combat people perceptive valu- old techniques making simple planes surfaces box served distribute loads 50 Model Aviation Prime example exotic approach Combat design Mike Ho, aned up having controls located internally special interest its use exhaust duct top right ne mounted beams attached structure boxs center bellcrank supported rib left side box metal fuel tank nestled between engine mounts rib right side box ribs also carried loads two tail booms supported stabilator About 12 years ago pen-bladder baby-pacifier fuel systems replaced metal tanks inspired John Kilsdonk began attaching bellcrank mount engine mounts Clever people Detroit Cincinnati saw box structure now served carry engine tail boom loads could replaced structurally efficient single fuselage Although single-boom structure took ten years catch has adopted almost universally US Combat fliers last year Builders have come up structures simple light yet strong enough withstand rigors Combat Lots reinforcement required stabilator hinge keep tail break ing off snags grass launchers leg Hinges usually music wire brass tubing reinforced ply wood cloth epoxy like Phil Cartiers methoda Rocket City nylon strip hinge front half imbedded lywood stabilizer Another time-saving construction trick one-piece TE method uses TE sheet rather two sheets 1 / 16 wood tedious-to-cut chamfered joint one-piece TE sharpened rear SECTION MAX LIFT COEFFICIENT 12 10 8 20 18 16 14 0 COMBAT MAnFI 5 EFFECTIVE fits slots ribs Gussets make rib-TE joints sturdy Assembly much easier old way type construction well-suited airfoils like Wortmanns concave quite thin TE one-piece TE warpprone use hard wood single-boom concept film cover ing materials have made plastic foam air planes practical Foam airplanes have around long time Riley Wootens Vain6 4 2 0 2 100000 2 1000000 FULLSCALE AIRPLANES ACA 1012 0015 REYNOLDS NUMBER NACA 0009- JO authors Nemesis II took top three places Open Combat 1973 Nationals has since replaced simpler better-performing airplanes Left right Ron Esman third Max Mearns second Mark Pattie first July1979 51 Q .t U U 10000000 pire won Nationals several times since 1966 high-performance conventionalconstruction airplanes started doing winning early 70s forgot about foam Gary James Chuck Thomas Phil C artier Riley Wooten others have developed foam airplanes last few years quite competitive standard airplanes Richard Brashers foam Rotation Station best Combat plane have flown regardless construction new foamies have common single fuselage hot-wire-cut tapered wing covered plastic film wing structure little spar airfoils maximum thickness point have no LE structure because plastic filmcovered foam catches kill-zone strings wing passes through op ponents kill zone string cuts LE breaks Foam planes tend heavy new foamies weigh about 20 oz everything fuel compared 17 oz good wooden plane Foam fliers forsake crash survivability keep weight down except Brasher airplanes weigh about 23 oz sturdy enough withstand some turf encounters Materials biggest recent revolution Combat planes materials Plastic foam revolutionary material popular type foam Combat plane construction lb/cubic ft beaded polystyrene sold primarily 52 Model Aviation Steve Saccos Bosta has molded fiberglass leading edge extends back spars Elliptical planform requires lots building effort Chuck Rudners conventional airplane best flew similar airplanes 1978 Control Line World Championships Rushs modification Gary James foamy has long tail maneuvering stability forward sweep upwind performance Joanne Bartley better-looking model however Gene Pape looks unhappy muunu & ouiitup copy Rich Brashers foam Rotation Station needs extra sparson left wing prevent roll instability building insulation foam available densities up five lb/cubic ft Strengthto-weight ratio doesnt change much density denser stuff has smoother surface cut requires wings hollowed out keep weight reasonable Full-scale airplane builders prefer ex truded polystyrene foam such Dows Styrofoam Some British fliers using extruded foam havent seen US Combat planes Glass fiber-reinforced resin old hat Weve using reinforce engine mounts years people now doing amazing things glass exotic composites Steve Sacco molds entire front quar ter wings out glass-reinforced polyester gets smooth true airfoil less effort wooden structure FAL Team Race fliers building fuse lage shells out epoxy reinforced carbon fiber mat very light stiff enough Combat wings Carbon-reinforced epoxy several times stronger much stiffer glass composites same weight Carbon fiber expensive $90 yard cloth price coming down because production volume new manufacturing processes Bundles car bon fiber strands available National Free Flight Society 30 per meter make good spar reinforce ment imbedded epoxy wood spars Kevlar DuPont synthetic fiber almost strong carbon fiber used make bullet-proof vests cheaper carbonabout $10 per yard cloth Former US FF Power team member Charlie Martin builds front ends beautiful FAI planes Kevlar-reinforced epoxy same technique can used Combat planes last give up silk dope dont regret plastic film covering materials sure make things easy favorite among Combat fliers FasCal clear adhesive-backed polyester graphic arts film made Fasson Products doesnt come pretty colors light cheap strong sticks foam al though must take easy heat favorite films Pactras low-temper ature SolarFilm foam Top Flites Super MonoKote wood pretty cooperative work new polyurethane paints wel come replacement hot fuel proof dope soluble nitromethane Polyurethane sticks film covering mate rial better epoxy paint wont melt foam airfoils have lift Rey nolds numbers thicker have lift full-scale Reynolds numbers popular Combat airfoils NACA four-digit series developed 1930s work well easy scale different chords thicknesses because come handy formula Yt[14841 Vx/c 062981x/c 5x/c2 1421 lx/c3 — 050735x/c41 t maximum thickness inches X distance along chord inches C chord inches Y distance above below airfoil mean line inches mean line straight line between LE TE cal culations easy programmable calculator Better yet computer plotter draw ribs Modified NACA airfoils abound Nemesis II Bosta use 165% NACA four-digit section maximum-thick ness point squished forward 25% chord Airfoils shape Combat planes wing section airfoil has big effect its performance Picking best airfoil mostly trial error Published data arent much help because theyre intended real airplanes best airfoil Reynolds number range best full-scale airplane Fig 1 shows July1979 53 Continued page 114 Phil Grandersons 1978 Nationals winner illustrates single boom one-piece trailing edge reinforced stabilizer hinge Phils plane elegant its simplicity SAVE $150 ON YOUR NEXT RADIO Buy Digital Commander Flite Pack Kit Save Money out Compromising Quality Performance Three Servo Options Two Receiver Options Kit Prices Start $7496 details send $1 latest catalog Add $50 1st Class return $1 hand ling direct Orders 816 584-7121 AU /3 Urn] BOX 511E HIGGINSVILLE MO 64037 Custom-Dilt-RIC Built Order Plans Kit stock choose Piper Tn-Pacer Quarter-Scale 89 wIng span 42 Sq Ft detail ed plans $1699 PP Send $100 * Curtiss Hawk stomped envelope detailed listPm6~uE 60 wingspan 46 Sq Ft Built-Up RC Models 50% Sale super detailed scale plans Hobby Capitol Dist$1295 46 N Oak St ura Ca 93001 e 805 643-7616 ] Champs models flown sort competition considerable material Indoor World Champs Coupe dHiver smattering Old-Timer modeling Free Flight US style exemplified US Free Flight Champs sections about developments techniques associated model class written some knowledgable fliers business blow-by-blow accounts of major international World Champ competitions period covered complete listings results full-page plans occupy about half book accompanied story about history development model modelers own words About 90% plans have appeared publi cations available US FAT fliers Scatter Free Flight News NFFS Dig est Indoor News Views forth nice having under cover Most color photos truly excellent could have perfectly happy postcard shots lArc de Triumph le Tour Eiffel some family-album type snapshots Never theless whole photos document spirit international free flight compe titionits triumphs tragedies glories defeats pure fun itin addition its technology book red-blooded American FAT-oriented free flighter would proud own AnnouncemenL Fresno Annual September 29-30 weekend will see fortieth consecutive annual contest put Fresno Gas Model Airplane Club Events will include three FAT events l/2A B C D Gas Coupe P-30 Mulvihill A- 1 Glider Hand Launch Glider perhaps few others Stockton clubs Old-tinier Meet will held simul taneously same site Last years annual drew 155 contestants $2200 worth prizes including en graved silver-plate bowls sweep stakes winners years meet promises bigger better respect site sheep-grazing land 1 X 1 miles criss-crossed paved roads quartermile intervals Motorcycles OK Con tact man Russ James 4840 E Leisure Fresno CA 93727 Call 209 2552422 anytime Also something new Fresno club will series Tndoor meets first will June 23 Check Russ details Bob Meuser 4200 Gregory St Oak land CA 94619 writing advertisers mention read about Model Aviation Combat Trends/Rush continued page 53 Gary James Steve Sacco have modi fied NACA formula change such things LE radius TE angle best airfoil use depends also wing surface bumpiness Surface imperfec tions near LE really degrade Neme sis IT airfoils performance foamies get away bumpy surfaces using really blunt LEs Tm using Gary James-modified NACA airfoil fat LE foamy works great New airfoil design techniques have developed last few years may make airfoil design scientific spoil fun techniques consist determin ing what pressure distribution want calculating shape gives FX Wortmann University Stuttgart has designed some new fangled airfoils full-scale sailplane tail surfaces operate same Reynolds numbers design conditions Combat models wind tunnel data show im provement over old NACA airfoils Combat fliers have shown little interest trying new sectionsprobably because look different have pretty sharp LEs concave near TE Want first kid block try StuttgarterProfilkatalog D Althaus published Institute fur Aero-u Gasdynamik University Stuttgart Germany 1972 Configuration Airplanes bigger now several reasons Combat planes must turn tight fast loops minimum loop diameter airplane can turn proportional its wing area loadingif other factors dont change Area loading ratio weight wing area speed airplane can maintain consecutive maneuvers depends its duced drag given loop size speed induced drag proportional square span loading Span loading ratio weight wingspan Foamies need lots wing area span make up foams weight dis advantage Because engine fuel line weight constant get lower area loading span loading going bigger longer wing AMA-class foamies typically have 42 48 spans 360 400 sq areas compared 39 spans 320 360 sq areas conven tional planes Conventional-construction airplanes have practical wing span limits Balsa comes 36 lengths span means buying more-expensive 48 wood Itis also harder keep warps out longer wings Sherwood Buckstaff Texan col leagues kept 36 span increased chord l0an inch standard planes timeand gained area loading advantage over us paid area increased drag 114 Model Aviation ENGINECutlass Supreme INE KIT 45 60 SizeSweet Emily45 60 Size29 40 Engine $6995 Quick Fli Ill IV JET KITS $6995 Deluxe $12995 Economy $8995 Phoenix 6 Phoenix 5 Vertigo II Cureare Chizier F 8 F Bearcat Banshee P-47 -Trouble Maker Sun Fli IV Daddy -Rabbit Nutcracker ENGINE 40 Size -$5495 A-6 Intruder Cutlass Supreme Phoenix -5 ME -109 ZERO F-16 MIG -21 F -5 E-Z does Al Imost-ready-to fly Trainer Sheeted Wings 3 4 Channel Wingspan 55 Fora FREE CATALOGUESenda Self-Addressed Stamped Envelope R & S HOBBY PRODUCTS INC P0 Box 1161 Oak Lawn IL 60453 made up drag honkin engines rest us went bigger airplanes avoid being outmaneuvered Texans FAT airplanes have also grown past few years growth partly cause first FAT planes too small about 230 sq partly because FAT engines have increased power weight Cox Conquest 15 example weighs 6 oz 50% 15s often years ago new Cox Fox Rossi 15s powerful fliers use same size planes FAT AMA 36 cu class FAT models Europe bigger have over 400 sq area Tapered wing planforms gaining popularity Most foam wings tapered because taper free Tts just easy make two templates different sizes make same size Some people notably Chuck Rudner Neal White have gone effort making tapered elliptical balsa airplanes Tapered wings structurally nice less air load tips spars can spaced farther apart wing root Thus less spar material needed keep wing folding also have nice aerodynamic pro perties Tapered wings have little less induced drag rectangular wings same span loading also less affected wind Flat rectangular-planform wings act have positive dihedral negative rolling moment due sideslip inside loops negative dihedral positive rolling moment due sideslip outside loops causes airplane fly differently upwind side circle does downwind side Wing taper reduces dihedral effect Adding some forward sweep can eliminate have built some tapered swept-forward wings fly nicely upwind downwind get bugs out Im going really fearsome windy day Youve warned Some tapered wings have strange pro perty thats nice Because leadout wires exit wingtip near TE can twist wing its banked airplane banks right due wind gust example lines pull down left TE twisting wing rolls right effect unstable above certain speed result sudden violent roll can destroy airplane People have problem have usually able fix stiffening left wing new wave simple airplanes boon Combat simple planes remain competitive can continue enjoy sport less time work bench few zealots though challeng ing simplicity trend some really complicated designs Mike Hoffelt Cali fornia course has exotic FAT air plane claimed turn five-foot diameter loops Gene Pape Oregon terrorized everybody killed Buckstafl 1978 Nats balsa version July1979 115 EACH KIT CONTAINS Fiberglas Fuselage Fin Place Fiberglas Belly Pan Foam Wing Cores Foam Stab Cores /4 Fire Wall Motor Mounts Installed Landing Gear Blocks Designed retractable Landing Gear Complete Easy Instructions Holding Phil Cartiers Gotcha Gil Reedy Phils foamies simplest among best flying FAI planes flown Gary Frost 1978 World Champs wowed Europeans 0 LOWEST DRAIN WHY PAY big buy high performance *FIREBALL #H30 HOT 3 volts faster starts #S20 STANDARD 24 volts general use #C15 COOL 15 volts cures pre-ignition Just fun stick FIRE BALL great engine runs *advanced98 ............ FLASH STARTING 0 UNEXCELLED POWER LONGER LIFE cr11 1 GLOW PLUGS SWANSON ASSOCIATES P0 BOX 151WAYNE NEW JE35EY 07470 Brashers Rotation Station Are exotic planes worth effort next season two will determine way Combat design will go CL Scale/Gretz continued page 54 small point personal preference fact believe person could become just proficient either mode operation learn either just easily got some own specific reasons prefer ring fly Scale high throttle forward handle said part set up first 3-line system years ago became obvious mounted inverted bellcrank inverted seemingly intended almost engine high throttle position would forward control handles throttle lever same holds true mounting upright bellcrank upright throttle-equipped engines know require throttle pushrod move forward open car buretor except Fox engines often have lever both directions other words modeler uses stock equip ment mounts manufacturer intended mounted would almost cases get high throttle moving handles lever forward way noticed Scale fliers doing Nationals order make system work other way must reverse directions somewhere along line As said can incorporate straight reversing bellcrank arm between engine 3-line bellcrank can mount inverted style bellcrank upright upright style bellcrank inverted although know some control rod hookup problems can also simply loosen throttle arm engines rotate 180 degrees top side carb couldnt see possible advantage Scale flying doing things mentioned seemed natural pull back handles trigger get fast throttle seems natural fast throttle forward fullsize airplane automobile use left hand operate lever top handle thus always fly both hands Perhaps real heart personal preferences matter Im wondering other Carrier fliers normally fly hand using index finger operate trigger feel way can operate throttle precisely through stages scale flight competition Scale flying good share point-getting maneuvers done very near low throttlelike initial takeoff run landing touch-and-go taxi During maneuvers precise coordinated elevator throttle use important prefer trigger back what seem agree comfort able position day after mailed reply letter arrived MA sown Carrier expert respected friend Dick Perry very knowledgeably shed some light Carrier fliers prefer control set-up opposite what normal Scale Dick said looks like disagree little way appropriate direction open throttle 3-line system Its certainly no big thing Carrier requirements just little different Scale way forward openis way real air plane builders it works great two-handed flyingthe way Scale fliers Ive seen Carrier fliers little different generally one-handed few excep tions can fly bigger circle low speed hand use two hands high speed left hand support onlythe right index finger still handles throttle 5075 lbs pull pull-to-open throttle much easier keep open push-to-open rig one-hand operation low-speed throttle action also natural back pressure opens throttle up applied Also properly rigged up elevator condition against stop lines really loose will automatically open throttle bad situation total airplane pull about two pounds So have full story Two different methods two unique events As can see could go on meaningless debate about merits method lets just conclude devoted pilot can get satisfactory results either way know years RC has its Mode throttle right stick Mode II throttle left stick fliers tongue-in-cheek word-war about best Perhaps should divide up two-fisted lever pilots handed trigger pilots Are crazy Mike Gretz Box 162 Montezuma IA 50171 CL Aerobatics/Paul continued page 55 engine catches After plane air fly eye level approximately five feet off ground Have spotter better look see out board wing up down level Have spotter stand downwind facing can see plane coming going have spotter move counterclockwise 90 degrees around circle can watch plane downwind side upwind side Spot plane coming going position looking high low wing time pilot can look excessive yaw observing landing gear inboard gear looks front outboard gear plane goes around circle might too much line rake engine offset Going inverted flight first time new plane always thrill know engine tank setup worked perfectly last plane yesterday always couple large inside loops first downwind try elongated round inside loop long inverted part top what heck go start inside loop inverted flight Now get spotter again check wing high low outboard tip something seems wrong try level upright flight again followed inverted flight right away get spotters feel ings Since cant stop now anyway unless plane flying badly further experiments would dangerous lets go series climbs dives purpose see plane appears nose-heavy tail-heavyfor style offlying plane climbs dives very easily jerk may tail-heavy require nose weight plane seems locked groove level flight probably have too much nose weight may also experience hunting level flight means ship wants climb dive gradually time have keep minutely adjusting handle keep plane level flight seems have mind its own during level flight have keep adjusting wrist/hand/handle maintain constant alti tude quote Olympic Mark VI man Bob Gialdini Old stunt planes dont hunt ask Its because slop slop elevator movement 116 Model Aviation
Edition: Model Aviation - 1979/07
Page Numbers: 50, 51, 52, 53, 114, 115, 116
A Howard Rush ATrends inCom n new wave airplanes shaking up combat fliers world Will simplicitywin out will challenge potent exotic designs affect picture during next two seasons unopinionated analysis what going competitive Editors Note Like modelers able report state art dUferent interests editor haswe now should say hadan oversimplified THE dominant trend control line Corn- Structural Techniques Carl Berrypicture what makes combatflier tick bat airplane design toward airplanes mans Twister 1958 until recently Mr Rushs article long overdue ex- easier cheaper build hard Combat planes built around box position ofthe serious scientflc side part course make cheap easy-to- formed two heavy balsa wing ribs about impressive event urge everyone build airplanes competitive New six inches apart wing LE TE read featureit eye-opener materials new techniques refinements 1/16 sheet balsa top bottom Combat people perceptive valu- old techniques making simple planes surfaces box served distribute loads 50 Model Aviation Prime example exotic approach Combat design Mike Ho, aned up having controls located internally special interest its use exhaust duct top right ne mounted beams attached structure boxs center bellcrank supported rib left side box metal fuel tank nestled between engine mounts rib right side box ribs also carried loads two tail booms supported stabilator About 12 years ago pen-bladder baby-pacifier fuel systems replaced metal tanks inspired John Kilsdonk began attaching bellcrank mount engine mounts Clever people Detroit Cincinnati saw box structure now served carry engine tail boom loads could replaced structurally efficient single fuselage Although single-boom structure took ten years catch has adopted almost universally US Combat fliers last year Builders have come up structures simple light yet strong enough withstand rigors Combat Lots reinforcement required stabilator hinge keep tail break ing off snags grass launchers leg Hinges usually music wire brass tubing reinforced ply wood cloth epoxy like Phil Cartiers methoda Rocket City nylon strip hinge front half imbedded lywood stabilizer Another time-saving construction trick one-piece TE method uses TE sheet rather two sheets 1 / 16 wood tedious-to-cut chamfered joint one-piece TE sharpened rear SECTION MAX LIFT COEFFICIENT 12 10 8 20 18 16 14 0 COMBAT MAnFI 5 EFFECTIVE fits slots ribs Gussets make rib-TE joints sturdy Assembly much easier old way type construction well-suited airfoils like Wortmanns concave quite thin TE one-piece TE warpprone use hard wood single-boom concept film cover ing materials have made plastic foam air planes practical Foam airplanes have around long time Riley Wootens Vain6 4 2 0 2 100000 2 1000000 FULLSCALE AIRPLANES ACA 1012 0015 REYNOLDS NUMBER NACA 0009- JO authors Nemesis II took top three places Open Combat 1973 Nationals has since replaced simpler better-performing airplanes Left right Ron Esman third Max Mearns second Mark Pattie first July1979 51 Q .t U U 10000000 pire won Nationals several times since 1966 high-performance conventionalconstruction airplanes started doing winning early 70s forgot about foam Gary James Chuck Thomas Phil C artier Riley Wooten others have developed foam airplanes last few years quite competitive standard airplanes Richard Brashers foam Rotation Station best Combat plane have flown regardless construction new foamies have common single fuselage hot-wire-cut tapered wing covered plastic film wing structure little spar airfoils maximum thickness point have no LE structure because plastic filmcovered foam catches kill-zone strings wing passes through op ponents kill zone string cuts LE breaks Foam planes tend heavy new foamies weigh about 20 oz everything fuel compared 17 oz good wooden plane Foam fliers forsake crash survivability keep weight down except Brasher airplanes weigh about 23 oz sturdy enough withstand some turf encounters Materials biggest recent revolution Combat planes materials Plastic foam revolutionary material popular type foam Combat plane construction lb/cubic ft beaded polystyrene sold primarily 52 Model Aviation Steve Saccos Bosta has molded fiberglass leading edge extends back spars Elliptical planform requires lots building effort Chuck Rudners conventional airplane best flew similar airplanes 1978 Control Line World Championships Rushs modification Gary James foamy has long tail maneuvering stability forward sweep upwind performance Joanne Bartley better-looking model however Gene Pape looks unhappy muunu & ouiitup copy Rich Brashers foam Rotation Station needs extra sparson left wing prevent roll instability building insulation foam available densities up five lb/cubic ft Strengthto-weight ratio doesnt change much density denser stuff has smoother surface cut requires wings hollowed out keep weight reasonable Full-scale airplane builders prefer ex truded polystyrene foam such Dows Styrofoam Some British fliers using extruded foam havent seen US Combat planes Glass fiber-reinforced resin old hat Weve using reinforce engine mounts years people now doing amazing things glass exotic composites Steve Sacco molds entire front quar ter wings out glass-reinforced polyester gets smooth true airfoil less effort wooden structure FAL Team Race fliers building fuse lage shells out epoxy reinforced carbon fiber mat very light stiff enough Combat wings Carbon-reinforced epoxy several times stronger much stiffer glass composites same weight Carbon fiber expensive $90 yard cloth price coming down because production volume new manufacturing processes Bundles car bon fiber strands available National Free Flight Society 30 per meter make good spar reinforce ment imbedded epoxy wood spars Kevlar DuPont synthetic fiber almost strong carbon fiber used make bullet-proof vests cheaper carbonabout $10 per yard cloth Former US FF Power team member Charlie Martin builds front ends beautiful FAI planes Kevlar-reinforced epoxy same technique can used Combat planes last give up silk dope dont regret plastic film covering materials sure make things easy favorite among Combat fliers FasCal clear adhesive-backed polyester graphic arts film made Fasson Products doesnt come pretty colors light cheap strong sticks foam al though must take easy heat favorite films Pactras low-temper ature SolarFilm foam Top Flites Super MonoKote wood pretty cooperative work new polyurethane paints wel come replacement hot fuel proof dope soluble nitromethane Polyurethane sticks film covering mate rial better epoxy paint wont melt foam airfoils have lift Rey nolds numbers thicker have lift full-scale Reynolds numbers popular Combat airfoils NACA four-digit series developed 1930s work well easy scale different chords thicknesses because come handy formula Yt[14841 Vx/c 062981x/c 5x/c2 1421 lx/c3 — 050735x/c41 t maximum thickness inches X distance along chord inches C chord inches Y distance above below airfoil mean line inches mean line straight line between LE TE cal culations easy programmable calculator Better yet computer plotter draw ribs Modified NACA airfoils abound Nemesis II Bosta use 165% NACA four-digit section maximum-thick ness point squished forward 25% chord Airfoils shape Combat planes wing section airfoil has big effect its performance Picking best airfoil mostly trial error Published data arent much help because theyre intended real airplanes best airfoil Reynolds number range best full-scale airplane Fig 1 shows July1979 53 Continued page 114 Phil Grandersons 1978 Nationals winner illustrates single boom one-piece trailing edge reinforced stabilizer hinge Phils plane elegant its simplicity SAVE $150 ON YOUR NEXT RADIO Buy Digital Commander Flite Pack Kit Save Money out Compromising Quality Performance Three Servo Options Two Receiver Options Kit Prices Start $7496 details send $1 latest catalog Add $50 1st Class return $1 hand ling direct Orders 816 584-7121 AU /3 Urn] BOX 511E HIGGINSVILLE MO 64037 Custom-Dilt-RIC Built Order Plans Kit stock choose Piper Tn-Pacer Quarter-Scale 89 wIng span 42 Sq Ft detail ed plans $1699 PP Send $100 * Curtiss Hawk stomped envelope detailed listPm6~uE 60 wingspan 46 Sq Ft Built-Up RC Models 50% Sale super detailed scale plans Hobby Capitol Dist$1295 46 N Oak St ura Ca 93001 e 805 643-7616 ] Champs models flown sort competition considerable material Indoor World Champs Coupe dHiver smattering Old-Timer modeling Free Flight US style exemplified US Free Flight Champs sections about developments techniques associated model class written some knowledgable fliers business blow-by-blow accounts of major international World Champ competitions period covered complete listings results full-page plans occupy about half book accompanied story about history development model modelers own words About 90% plans have appeared publi cations available US FAT fliers Scatter Free Flight News NFFS Dig est Indoor News Views forth nice having under cover Most color photos truly excellent could have perfectly happy postcard shots lArc de Triumph le Tour Eiffel some family-album type snapshots Never theless whole photos document spirit international free flight compe titionits triumphs tragedies glories defeats pure fun itin addition its technology book red-blooded American FAT-oriented free flighter would proud own AnnouncemenL Fresno Annual September 29-30 weekend will see fortieth consecutive annual contest put Fresno Gas Model Airplane Club Events will include three FAT events l/2A B C D Gas Coupe P-30 Mulvihill A- 1 Glider Hand Launch Glider perhaps few others Stockton clubs Old-tinier Meet will held simul taneously same site Last years annual drew 155 contestants $2200 worth prizes including en graved silver-plate bowls sweep stakes winners years meet promises bigger better respect site sheep-grazing land 1 X 1 miles criss-crossed paved roads quartermile intervals Motorcycles OK Con tact man Russ James 4840 E Leisure Fresno CA 93727 Call 209 2552422 anytime Also something new Fresno club will series Tndoor meets first will June 23 Check Russ details Bob Meuser 4200 Gregory St Oak land CA 94619 writing advertisers mention read about Model Aviation Combat Trends/Rush continued page 53 Gary James Steve Sacco have modi fied NACA formula change such things LE radius TE angle best airfoil use depends also wing surface bumpiness Surface imperfec tions near LE really degrade Neme sis IT airfoils performance foamies get away bumpy surfaces using really blunt LEs Tm using Gary James-modified NACA airfoil fat LE foamy works great New airfoil design techniques have developed last few years may make airfoil design scientific spoil fun techniques consist determin ing what pressure distribution want calculating shape gives FX Wortmann University Stuttgart has designed some new fangled airfoils full-scale sailplane tail surfaces operate same Reynolds numbers design conditions Combat models wind tunnel data show im provement over old NACA airfoils Combat fliers have shown little interest trying new sectionsprobably because look different have pretty sharp LEs concave near TE Want first kid block try StuttgarterProfilkatalog D Althaus published Institute fur Aero-u Gasdynamik University Stuttgart Germany 1972 Configuration Airplanes bigger now several reasons Combat planes must turn tight fast loops minimum loop diameter airplane can turn proportional its wing area loadingif other factors dont change Area loading ratio weight wing area speed airplane can maintain consecutive maneuvers depends its duced drag given loop size speed induced drag proportional square span loading Span loading ratio weight wingspan Foamies need lots wing area span make up foams weight dis advantage Because engine fuel line weight constant get lower area loading span loading going bigger longer wing AMA-class foamies typically have 42 48 spans 360 400 sq areas compared 39 spans 320 360 sq areas conven tional planes Conventional-construction airplanes have practical wing span limits Balsa comes 36 lengths span means buying more-expensive 48 wood Itis also harder keep warps out longer wings Sherwood Buckstaff Texan col leagues kept 36 span increased chord l0an inch standard planes timeand gained area loading advantage over us paid area increased drag 114 Model Aviation ENGINECutlass Supreme INE KIT 45 60 SizeSweet Emily45 60 Size29 40 Engine $6995 Quick Fli Ill IV JET KITS $6995 Deluxe $12995 Economy $8995 Phoenix 6 Phoenix 5 Vertigo II Cureare Chizier F 8 F Bearcat Banshee P-47 -Trouble Maker Sun Fli IV Daddy -Rabbit Nutcracker ENGINE 40 Size -$5495 A-6 Intruder Cutlass Supreme Phoenix -5 ME -109 ZERO F-16 MIG -21 F -5 E-Z does Al Imost-ready-to fly Trainer Sheeted Wings 3 4 Channel Wingspan 55 Fora FREE CATALOGUESenda Self-Addressed Stamped Envelope R & S HOBBY PRODUCTS INC P0 Box 1161 Oak Lawn IL 60453 made up drag honkin engines rest us went bigger airplanes avoid being outmaneuvered Texans FAT airplanes have also grown past few years growth partly cause first FAT planes too small about 230 sq partly because FAT engines have increased power weight Cox Conquest 15 example weighs 6 oz 50% 15s often years ago new Cox Fox Rossi 15s powerful fliers use same size planes FAT AMA 36 cu class FAT models Europe bigger have over 400 sq area Tapered wing planforms gaining popularity Most foam wings tapered because taper free Tts just easy make two templates different sizes make same size Some people notably Chuck Rudner Neal White have gone effort making tapered elliptical balsa airplanes Tapered wings structurally nice less air load tips spars can spaced farther apart wing root Thus less spar material needed keep wing folding also have nice aerodynamic pro perties Tapered wings have little less induced drag rectangular wings same span loading also less affected wind Flat rectangular-planform wings act have positive dihedral negative rolling moment due sideslip inside loops negative dihedral positive rolling moment due sideslip outside loops causes airplane fly differently upwind side circle does downwind side Wing taper reduces dihedral effect Adding some forward sweep can eliminate have built some tapered swept-forward wings fly nicely upwind downwind get bugs out Im going really fearsome windy day Youve warned Some tapered wings have strange pro perty thats nice Because leadout wires exit wingtip near TE can twist wing its banked airplane banks right due wind gust example lines pull down left TE twisting wing rolls right effect unstable above certain speed result sudden violent roll can destroy airplane People have problem have usually able fix stiffening left wing new wave simple airplanes boon Combat simple planes remain competitive can continue enjoy sport less time work bench few zealots though challeng ing simplicity trend some really complicated designs Mike Hoffelt Cali fornia course has exotic FAT air plane claimed turn five-foot diameter loops Gene Pape Oregon terrorized everybody killed Buckstafl 1978 Nats balsa version July1979 115 EACH KIT CONTAINS Fiberglas Fuselage Fin Place Fiberglas Belly Pan Foam Wing Cores Foam Stab Cores /4 Fire Wall Motor Mounts Installed Landing Gear Blocks Designed retractable Landing Gear Complete Easy Instructions Holding Phil Cartiers Gotcha Gil Reedy Phils foamies simplest among best flying FAI planes flown Gary Frost 1978 World Champs wowed Europeans 0 LOWEST DRAIN WHY PAY big buy high performance *FIREBALL #H30 HOT 3 volts faster starts #S20 STANDARD 24 volts general use #C15 COOL 15 volts cures pre-ignition Just fun stick FIRE BALL great engine runs *advanced98 ............ FLASH STARTING 0 UNEXCELLED POWER LONGER LIFE cr11 1 GLOW PLUGS SWANSON ASSOCIATES P0 BOX 151WAYNE NEW JE35EY 07470 Brashers Rotation Station Are exotic planes worth effort next season two will determine way Combat design will go CL Scale/Gretz continued page 54 small point personal preference fact believe person could become just proficient either mode operation learn either just easily got some own specific reasons prefer ring fly Scale high throttle forward handle said part set up first 3-line system years ago became obvious mounted inverted bellcrank inverted seemingly intended almost engine high throttle position would forward control handles throttle lever same holds true mounting upright bellcrank upright throttle-equipped engines know require throttle pushrod move forward open car buretor except Fox engines often have lever both directions other words modeler uses stock equip ment mounts manufacturer intended mounted would almost cases get high throttle moving handles lever forward way noticed Scale fliers doing Nationals order make system work other way must reverse directions somewhere along line As said can incorporate straight reversing bellcrank arm between engine 3-line bellcrank can mount inverted style bellcrank upright upright style bellcrank inverted although know some control rod hookup problems can also simply loosen throttle arm engines rotate 180 degrees top side carb couldnt see possible advantage Scale flying doing things mentioned seemed natural pull back handles trigger get fast throttle seems natural fast throttle forward fullsize airplane automobile use left hand operate lever top handle thus always fly both hands Perhaps real heart personal preferences matter Im wondering other Carrier fliers normally fly hand using index finger operate trigger feel way can operate throttle precisely through stages scale flight competition Scale flying good share point-getting maneuvers done very near low throttlelike initial takeoff run landing touch-and-go taxi During maneuvers precise coordinated elevator throttle use important prefer trigger back what seem agree comfort able position day after mailed reply letter arrived MA sown Carrier expert respected friend Dick Perry very knowledgeably shed some light Carrier fliers prefer control set-up opposite what normal Scale Dick said looks like disagree little way appropriate direction open throttle 3-line system Its certainly no big thing Carrier requirements just little different Scale way forward openis way real air plane builders it works great two-handed flyingthe way Scale fliers Ive seen Carrier fliers little different generally one-handed few excep tions can fly bigger circle low speed hand use two hands high speed left hand support onlythe right index finger still handles throttle 5075 lbs pull pull-to-open throttle much easier keep open push-to-open rig one-hand operation low-speed throttle action also natural back pressure opens throttle up applied Also properly rigged up elevator condition against stop lines really loose will automatically open throttle bad situation total airplane pull about two pounds So have full story Two different methods two unique events As can see could go on meaningless debate about merits method lets just conclude devoted pilot can get satisfactory results either way know years RC has its Mode throttle right stick Mode II throttle left stick fliers tongue-in-cheek word-war about best Perhaps should divide up two-fisted lever pilots handed trigger pilots Are crazy Mike Gretz Box 162 Montezuma IA 50171 CL Aerobatics/Paul continued page 55 engine catches After plane air fly eye level approximately five feet off ground Have spotter better look see out board wing up down level Have spotter stand downwind facing can see plane coming going have spotter move counterclockwise 90 degrees around circle can watch plane downwind side upwind side Spot plane coming going position looking high low wing time pilot can look excessive yaw observing landing gear inboard gear looks front outboard gear plane goes around circle might too much line rake engine offset Going inverted flight first time new plane always thrill know engine tank setup worked perfectly last plane yesterday always couple large inside loops first downwind try elongated round inside loop long inverted part top what heck go start inside loop inverted flight Now get spotter again check wing high low outboard tip something seems wrong try level upright flight again followed inverted flight right away get spotters feel ings Since cant stop now anyway unless plane flying badly further experiments would dangerous lets go series climbs dives purpose see plane appears nose-heavy tail-heavyfor style offlying plane climbs dives very easily jerk may tail-heavy require nose weight plane seems locked groove level flight probably have too much nose weight may also experience hunting level flight means ship wants climb dive gradually time have keep minutely adjusting handle keep plane level flight seems have mind its own during level flight have keep adjusting wrist/hand/handle maintain constant alti tude quote Olympic Mark VI man Bob Gialdini Old stunt planes dont hunt ask Its because slop slop elevator movement 116 Model Aviation