This piece intended make anyone become electronic technician offers some insight things go inside boxes call transmitters receivers Failure equipment rarely caused failure basic parts often cause cell failure battery pack broken connection exterior wiring weakest links systemsnot little pieces inside Lets take closer look whats box electronic parts inside things fly airplanes same ones bring us favorite television show make ignition work cars wake us morning music talk us computers fact everywhere Since radio discovered century agoand less accidental discovery thatits reasonable assume methods generating radio signals must too complicated else would have discovered first place also follows An inside look components radio transmitters receivers U LF Randolph component parts rather simple devices although have changed size same jobs now did us have grown up radio television take granted seldom glance behind dial screen take same approach radio control systems Properly plugged together work off go factory repair practice good case television set because some very high voltages can cause us great damage nothing battery-operated radios could cause harm first picture good example what receiver box looks complicated first glance realize three four different things make up majority clutter some mystery goes away second picture shows parts go inside servo lowerleft corner roll solder used hold other things together circuit board square thing center front holes lines right circuit board five capacitors just above capacitors two diodes Above diodes seven resistors dark rectangle legs upper-left center integrated circuit IC left IC two transistors three leads apiece above some hookup wire leads components along hookup wire will slip through holes circuit board soldered strips copper foil attached board tell servo way turn electric motor will geared output arm board full components looks small impressive lets look part before assembled see 140 Model Aviation ivers look cluttered actually few different parts Components Ace RIC Bantam Text explains similarity between Midget servo kit No wasted space aluminum foil\waxed paper capacitor complicated really three components make up majority electronic equipment capacitors resistors diodes IC simply lot capacitors resistors along few transistors have reduced size formed plastic encased block leads Actually capacitors resistors simple devices work electronic circuit capacitor two thin sheets conducting material separated insulator lead connected sheet good example capacitor two sheets aluminum foil sheet waxed paper between rolled tube piece wire hooked sheet foil long time way capacitors made way capacitor acts like rechargeable battery direct current source battery connected both sides capacitor current will flow short time will charge up hold charge like storage battery charged capacitor discharged immediately plates shorted togetherso makes poor battery replacement Because electrons will attracted negative plate positive negative plate will replenish its lost electrons drawing some negative side battery until everything balance again well does called its capacity measured farads Because farad such large unit capacitors measured microfarads mf thousandths farad micromicrofarads mmf millionths farad Should batterys polarity change plate positive will lose its electrons other plate now positive will draw some battery mind easy see alternating current AC like house current will pass right through capacitor wasnt direct current DC will stop once capacitor charged handy radio frequency current AC wanted someplace DC wanted Another handy thing about capacitors fact charge rate can changed putting resistor between capacitor battery resistor slows down flow takes longer capacitor charge Now capacitor resistor act like timer resistor also simple device little piece carbon just like Pencils resistors made carbon Used restrict current flow lead pencil piece pencil lead wire connected end makes good resistor changing length pencil lead its resistance changed Resistance measured ohms Resistors same thing electric current squeezing garden hose does water flowing through restrict flow resistance high current flow small Voltage pressure pushes current around circuit measured volts V Current like water being pushed through pipe measured amperes Both things dependent amount resistance R circuit know value two things easy find value third man named Ohm figured out long time ago Ohms law named after him Resistance age divided current current age divided resistance voltage ent multiplied resistance working radio term ampere too large milliampere mA thousandth ampere useful pencil lead used resistor caused lot pencil lead used figuring Technology has reduced size capacitors resistors compacting using better conductors resisting material covered insulating material wont short themselves against other touch value capacitance resistance marked markings standard color codethe same color code adopted AMA denote channel numbers diode lets current polarity get through other words current goes positive negative value meets diode positive part would get through happens called rectification because current no longer going back forth positive negative alternating going direction direct way transistor diode dirty place somewhere middle makes work like faucet open close applying voltage dirty place less current will flow through diode Since takes just little voltage control rather large flow will act amplifier Long ago oatmeal box wrapped wire capacitor some sort earphone galena lead sulfate crystal made radio receiver worked worked enough wire left string out December 1993 141 Coils still just loops wire around form Can left shield goes around coils next good antenna could find good place crystal piece fine wire make diode Now diodes use germanium silicon rather galena hut work same way Crystal sets still sold kit form Radio Shack others use diode instead galena crystal application called detector because rectifies radio signal something can detected earphone item fills up space left receivers transmitters coil Coils used two waysas chokes part tuned circuitand effect both jobs same coil just what name implies coil insulated wire around cylindrical form Like capacitors resistors coils come different sizes shapes Some have hundreds feet wire around some have just few inches both same job same way coils job act resistor radio waves audio waves alternating current current passes through coil sets up magnetic field coil Remember electromagnets part almost science-fair display grade school Well alternating current like radio waves passes through magnetic field builds direction other polarity current changes constant change makes coil unhappy tries react against changes blocking current flow other words acts choke flow handy because direct current will pass right through radio frequency gets cold shoulder coil capacitor connected parallelside side speakthey form tuned circuit coil doesnt like alternating current happy direct current capacitor doesnt like direct current happy alternating current Together find frequency makes both happy thats called resonance characteristics coil capacitor connected way what makes radios hear us other guy another frequency Since numerous components radio systems just like Reynolds Wrap wax paper lead pencil crystal set coil wire take peek Ruff Stuff $140 per sheet Mini Glue Tips Add 20% toaI order K2LAY4for$1lO -LONGSHAPES Dustom Shapes AvailableTee Stay Tray Lots Good StuffBar $210I iedDesignCorporationI$310 fOr 11 L...L.3../ PO Box 3384 Torrance CA 90610$465 22 Mini sanderMini Saw $1000 HANDS ON PRO-BOW THIS UNIQUE DEVICE ALLOWS YOU TO CUT ACCU RATE WING CORES WITHOUT EXPENSIVE AND COMPLICATED EQUIPMENT WITH THE PRO-BOW THE CUTTING WIRE IS GUIDED DIRECTLY AT THE TEMPLATES BY HAND HELD INSULATOR CLIPS THE HEAVY-DUTY CONSTRUCTION GIVES GOOD FEEL TO THE BOW AND WITH THE ADJUSTABLE HEAT PROBE THE WIRE TEMPERATURE CAN BE CONTROLLED FOR PERFECT CUTTING RESULTS sale $4295 WORKS DIREC flY OFF OF 12 VOLT BATTERY OR 10 AMP BATTERY CHARGER S COMPLETELY ASSEMBLED STRAIGHT OR TAPERED CORES IAL PASSIVE RESISTANCE CUTTING WIRE LATED STEEL FRAME CUTTING TECHNIDUES & OPERA TING INSTRUCflONS INCLUDED UP TO 41 SEND $500 FOR 60 PAGE CATALOG IL RESIDENTS ADD 7% TAX CALL 309-342-3009 VISA & MASTER CARD ACCEP TEDADD $500 SHIPPING IN USA WING MFG 306 E SIMMONS GALESBURG IL 61401 boxes now just heck build onekits available radios just like airplanes ombat/Cartier Continued page 134 contest-high score 614 274 Joe using FAT model Mike used Arrowshaft Slow Fox Stunt 35 Like just about other flier using Stunt 35 got rich run going about 55 60 mph other match Roy Krupa made outstanding flight against Iskandar Taib Taib got streamer except knot first pass Roy came back got two good-sized cuts leaving about six inches streamer Taib tried everything could keep away Krupa managed get three-inch cut six inches crepe winning 590 388 two Juniors Alan Cartier Ryan Blair real crowd-pleasing match Alan flying Fox 35 model got up first usual rich Fox 35 run Ryan little faster flew Team Race awhile Ryan making up-and-down passes finally getting about half streamer chased some both pilots getting ambitious Ryan started doing some figure-eight passes did Alan Ryan put model dirt Ryan got back up faster setting after losing lot air time got another cut point Alans model started lean out managed cut crowd got started cheering Ryan got really aggressive started going third cut got bit line tangle Alan got second cut making 2-2 Ryan went again pit crew got him back up record time couldnt get lined up cut few seconds remaining Alan won rousing match 2-2 air time After three rounds rain delay Larry Driskill topped four-way tie three wins 1393 points Tom Fluker second 958 points David Owen came third 923 points Ed Blair fourth 893 total-points tiebreaker really worked Driskill stayed up full five minutes match scored five cuts never came close midair Continued page 178 142 Model Aviation
Edition: Model Aviation - 1993/12
Page Numbers: 140, 141, 142
This piece intended make anyone become electronic technician offers some insight things go inside boxes call transmitters receivers Failure equipment rarely caused failure basic parts often cause cell failure battery pack broken connection exterior wiring weakest links systemsnot little pieces inside Lets take closer look whats box electronic parts inside things fly airplanes same ones bring us favorite television show make ignition work cars wake us morning music talk us computers fact everywhere Since radio discovered century agoand less accidental discovery thatits reasonable assume methods generating radio signals must too complicated else would have discovered first place also follows An inside look components radio transmitters receivers U LF Randolph component parts rather simple devices although have changed size same jobs now did us have grown up radio television take granted seldom glance behind dial screen take same approach radio control systems Properly plugged together work off go factory repair practice good case television set because some very high voltages can cause us great damage nothing battery-operated radios could cause harm first picture good example what receiver box looks complicated first glance realize three four different things make up majority clutter some mystery goes away second picture shows parts go inside servo lowerleft corner roll solder used hold other things together circuit board square thing center front holes lines right circuit board five capacitors just above capacitors two diodes Above diodes seven resistors dark rectangle legs upper-left center integrated circuit IC left IC two transistors three leads apiece above some hookup wire leads components along hookup wire will slip through holes circuit board soldered strips copper foil attached board tell servo way turn electric motor will geared output arm board full components looks small impressive lets look part before assembled see 140 Model Aviation ivers look cluttered actually few different parts Components Ace RIC Bantam Text explains similarity between Midget servo kit No wasted space aluminum foil\waxed paper capacitor complicated really three components make up majority electronic equipment capacitors resistors diodes IC simply lot capacitors resistors along few transistors have reduced size formed plastic encased block leads Actually capacitors resistors simple devices work electronic circuit capacitor two thin sheets conducting material separated insulator lead connected sheet good example capacitor two sheets aluminum foil sheet waxed paper between rolled tube piece wire hooked sheet foil long time way capacitors made way capacitor acts like rechargeable battery direct current source battery connected both sides capacitor current will flow short time will charge up hold charge like storage battery charged capacitor discharged immediately plates shorted togetherso makes poor battery replacement Because electrons will attracted negative plate positive negative plate will replenish its lost electrons drawing some negative side battery until everything balance again well does called its capacity measured farads Because farad such large unit capacitors measured microfarads mf thousandths farad micromicrofarads mmf millionths farad Should batterys polarity change plate positive will lose its electrons other plate now positive will draw some battery mind easy see alternating current AC like house current will pass right through capacitor wasnt direct current DC will stop once capacitor charged handy radio frequency current AC wanted someplace DC wanted Another handy thing about capacitors fact charge rate can changed putting resistor between capacitor battery resistor slows down flow takes longer capacitor charge Now capacitor resistor act like timer resistor also simple device little piece carbon just like Pencils resistors made carbon Used restrict current flow lead pencil piece pencil lead wire connected end makes good resistor changing length pencil lead its resistance changed Resistance measured ohms Resistors same thing electric current squeezing garden hose does water flowing through restrict flow resistance high current flow small Voltage pressure pushes current around circuit measured volts V Current like water being pushed through pipe measured amperes Both things dependent amount resistance R circuit know value two things easy find value third man named Ohm figured out long time ago Ohms law named after him Resistance age divided current current age divided resistance voltage ent multiplied resistance working radio term ampere too large milliampere mA thousandth ampere useful pencil lead used resistor caused lot pencil lead used figuring Technology has reduced size capacitors resistors compacting using better conductors resisting material covered insulating material wont short themselves against other touch value capacitance resistance marked markings standard color codethe same color code adopted AMA denote channel numbers diode lets current polarity get through other words current goes positive negative value meets diode positive part would get through happens called rectification because current no longer going back forth positive negative alternating going direction direct way transistor diode dirty place somewhere middle makes work like faucet open close applying voltage dirty place less current will flow through diode Since takes just little voltage control rather large flow will act amplifier Long ago oatmeal box wrapped wire capacitor some sort earphone galena lead sulfate crystal made radio receiver worked worked enough wire left string out December 1993 141 Coils still just loops wire around form Can left shield goes around coils next good antenna could find good place crystal piece fine wire make diode Now diodes use germanium silicon rather galena hut work same way Crystal sets still sold kit form Radio Shack others use diode instead galena crystal application called detector because rectifies radio signal something can detected earphone item fills up space left receivers transmitters coil Coils used two waysas chokes part tuned circuitand effect both jobs same coil just what name implies coil insulated wire around cylindrical form Like capacitors resistors coils come different sizes shapes Some have hundreds feet wire around some have just few inches both same job same way coils job act resistor radio waves audio waves alternating current current passes through coil sets up magnetic field coil Remember electromagnets part almost science-fair display grade school Well alternating current like radio waves passes through magnetic field builds direction other polarity current changes constant change makes coil unhappy tries react against changes blocking current flow other words acts choke flow handy because direct current will pass right through radio frequency gets cold shoulder coil capacitor connected parallelside side speakthey form tuned circuit coil doesnt like alternating current happy direct current capacitor doesnt like direct current happy alternating current Together find frequency makes both happy thats called resonance characteristics coil capacitor connected way what makes radios hear us other guy another frequency Since numerous components radio systems just like Reynolds Wrap wax paper lead pencil crystal set coil wire take peek Ruff Stuff $140 per sheet Mini Glue Tips Add 20% toaI order K2LAY4for$1lO -LONGSHAPES Dustom Shapes AvailableTee Stay Tray Lots Good StuffBar $210I iedDesignCorporationI$310 fOr 11 L...L.3../ PO Box 3384 Torrance CA 90610$465 22 Mini sanderMini Saw $1000 HANDS ON PRO-BOW THIS UNIQUE DEVICE ALLOWS YOU TO CUT ACCU RATE WING CORES WITHOUT EXPENSIVE AND COMPLICATED EQUIPMENT WITH THE PRO-BOW THE CUTTING WIRE IS GUIDED DIRECTLY AT THE TEMPLATES BY HAND HELD INSULATOR CLIPS THE HEAVY-DUTY CONSTRUCTION GIVES GOOD FEEL TO THE BOW AND WITH THE ADJUSTABLE HEAT PROBE THE WIRE TEMPERATURE CAN BE CONTROLLED FOR PERFECT CUTTING RESULTS sale $4295 WORKS DIREC flY OFF OF 12 VOLT BATTERY OR 10 AMP BATTERY CHARGER S COMPLETELY ASSEMBLED STRAIGHT OR TAPERED CORES IAL PASSIVE RESISTANCE CUTTING WIRE LATED STEEL FRAME CUTTING TECHNIDUES & OPERA TING INSTRUCflONS INCLUDED UP TO 41 SEND $500 FOR 60 PAGE CATALOG IL RESIDENTS ADD 7% TAX CALL 309-342-3009 VISA & MASTER CARD ACCEP TEDADD $500 SHIPPING IN USA WING MFG 306 E SIMMONS GALESBURG IL 61401 boxes now just heck build onekits available radios just like airplanes ombat/Cartier Continued page 134 contest-high score 614 274 Joe using FAT model Mike used Arrowshaft Slow Fox Stunt 35 Like just about other flier using Stunt 35 got rich run going about 55 60 mph other match Roy Krupa made outstanding flight against Iskandar Taib Taib got streamer except knot first pass Roy came back got two good-sized cuts leaving about six inches streamer Taib tried everything could keep away Krupa managed get three-inch cut six inches crepe winning 590 388 two Juniors Alan Cartier Ryan Blair real crowd-pleasing match Alan flying Fox 35 model got up first usual rich Fox 35 run Ryan little faster flew Team Race awhile Ryan making up-and-down passes finally getting about half streamer chased some both pilots getting ambitious Ryan started doing some figure-eight passes did Alan Ryan put model dirt Ryan got back up faster setting after losing lot air time got another cut point Alans model started lean out managed cut crowd got started cheering Ryan got really aggressive started going third cut got bit line tangle Alan got second cut making 2-2 Ryan went again pit crew got him back up record time couldnt get lined up cut few seconds remaining Alan won rousing match 2-2 air time After three rounds rain delay Larry Driskill topped four-way tie three wins 1393 points Tom Fluker second 958 points David Owen came third 923 points Ed Blair fourth 893 total-points tiebreaker really worked Driskill stayed up full five minutes match scored five cuts never came close midair Continued page 178 142 Model Aviation
Edition: Model Aviation - 1993/12
Page Numbers: 140, 141, 142
This piece intended make anyone become electronic technician offers some insight things go inside boxes call transmitters receivers Failure equipment rarely caused failure basic parts often cause cell failure battery pack broken connection exterior wiring weakest links systemsnot little pieces inside Lets take closer look whats box electronic parts inside things fly airplanes same ones bring us favorite television show make ignition work cars wake us morning music talk us computers fact everywhere Since radio discovered century agoand less accidental discovery thatits reasonable assume methods generating radio signals must too complicated else would have discovered first place also follows An inside look components radio transmitters receivers U LF Randolph component parts rather simple devices although have changed size same jobs now did us have grown up radio television take granted seldom glance behind dial screen take same approach radio control systems Properly plugged together work off go factory repair practice good case television set because some very high voltages can cause us great damage nothing battery-operated radios could cause harm first picture good example what receiver box looks complicated first glance realize three four different things make up majority clutter some mystery goes away second picture shows parts go inside servo lowerleft corner roll solder used hold other things together circuit board square thing center front holes lines right circuit board five capacitors just above capacitors two diodes Above diodes seven resistors dark rectangle legs upper-left center integrated circuit IC left IC two transistors three leads apiece above some hookup wire leads components along hookup wire will slip through holes circuit board soldered strips copper foil attached board tell servo way turn electric motor will geared output arm board full components looks small impressive lets look part before assembled see 140 Model Aviation ivers look cluttered actually few different parts Components Ace RIC Bantam Text explains similarity between Midget servo kit No wasted space aluminum foil\waxed paper capacitor complicated really three components make up majority electronic equipment capacitors resistors diodes IC simply lot capacitors resistors along few transistors have reduced size formed plastic encased block leads Actually capacitors resistors simple devices work electronic circuit capacitor two thin sheets conducting material separated insulator lead connected sheet good example capacitor two sheets aluminum foil sheet waxed paper between rolled tube piece wire hooked sheet foil long time way capacitors made way capacitor acts like rechargeable battery direct current source battery connected both sides capacitor current will flow short time will charge up hold charge like storage battery charged capacitor discharged immediately plates shorted togetherso makes poor battery replacement Because electrons will attracted negative plate positive negative plate will replenish its lost electrons drawing some negative side battery until everything balance again well does called its capacity measured farads Because farad such large unit capacitors measured microfarads mf thousandths farad micromicrofarads mmf millionths farad Should batterys polarity change plate positive will lose its electrons other plate now positive will draw some battery mind easy see alternating current AC like house current will pass right through capacitor wasnt direct current DC will stop once capacitor charged handy radio frequency current AC wanted someplace DC wanted Another handy thing about capacitors fact charge rate can changed putting resistor between capacitor battery resistor slows down flow takes longer capacitor charge Now capacitor resistor act like timer resistor also simple device little piece carbon just like Pencils resistors made carbon Used restrict current flow lead pencil piece pencil lead wire connected end makes good resistor changing length pencil lead its resistance changed Resistance measured ohms Resistors same thing electric current squeezing garden hose does water flowing through restrict flow resistance high current flow small Voltage pressure pushes current around circuit measured volts V Current like water being pushed through pipe measured amperes Both things dependent amount resistance R circuit know value two things easy find value third man named Ohm figured out long time ago Ohms law named after him Resistance age divided current current age divided resistance voltage ent multiplied resistance working radio term ampere too large milliampere mA thousandth ampere useful pencil lead used resistor caused lot pencil lead used figuring Technology has reduced size capacitors resistors compacting using better conductors resisting material covered insulating material wont short themselves against other touch value capacitance resistance marked markings standard color codethe same color code adopted AMA denote channel numbers diode lets current polarity get through other words current goes positive negative value meets diode positive part would get through happens called rectification because current no longer going back forth positive negative alternating going direction direct way transistor diode dirty place somewhere middle makes work like faucet open close applying voltage dirty place less current will flow through diode Since takes just little voltage control rather large flow will act amplifier Long ago oatmeal box wrapped wire capacitor some sort earphone galena lead sulfate crystal made radio receiver worked worked enough wire left string out December 1993 141 Coils still just loops wire around form Can left shield goes around coils next good antenna could find good place crystal piece fine wire make diode Now diodes use germanium silicon rather galena hut work same way Crystal sets still sold kit form Radio Shack others use diode instead galena crystal application called detector because rectifies radio signal something can detected earphone item fills up space left receivers transmitters coil Coils used two waysas chokes part tuned circuitand effect both jobs same coil just what name implies coil insulated wire around cylindrical form Like capacitors resistors coils come different sizes shapes Some have hundreds feet wire around some have just few inches both same job same way coils job act resistor radio waves audio waves alternating current current passes through coil sets up magnetic field coil Remember electromagnets part almost science-fair display grade school Well alternating current like radio waves passes through magnetic field builds direction other polarity current changes constant change makes coil unhappy tries react against changes blocking current flow other words acts choke flow handy because direct current will pass right through radio frequency gets cold shoulder coil capacitor connected parallelside side speakthey form tuned circuit coil doesnt like alternating current happy direct current capacitor doesnt like direct current happy alternating current Together find frequency makes both happy thats called resonance characteristics coil capacitor connected way what makes radios hear us other guy another frequency Since numerous components radio systems just like Reynolds Wrap wax paper lead pencil crystal set coil wire take peek Ruff Stuff $140 per sheet Mini Glue Tips Add 20% toaI order K2LAY4for$1lO -LONGSHAPES Dustom Shapes AvailableTee Stay Tray Lots Good StuffBar $210I iedDesignCorporationI$310 fOr 11 L...L.3../ PO Box 3384 Torrance CA 90610$465 22 Mini sanderMini Saw $1000 HANDS ON PRO-BOW THIS UNIQUE DEVICE ALLOWS YOU TO CUT ACCU RATE WING CORES WITHOUT EXPENSIVE AND COMPLICATED EQUIPMENT WITH THE PRO-BOW THE CUTTING WIRE IS GUIDED DIRECTLY AT THE TEMPLATES BY HAND HELD INSULATOR CLIPS THE HEAVY-DUTY CONSTRUCTION GIVES GOOD FEEL TO THE BOW AND WITH THE ADJUSTABLE HEAT PROBE THE WIRE TEMPERATURE CAN BE CONTROLLED FOR PERFECT CUTTING RESULTS sale $4295 WORKS DIREC flY OFF OF 12 VOLT BATTERY OR 10 AMP BATTERY CHARGER S COMPLETELY ASSEMBLED STRAIGHT OR TAPERED CORES IAL PASSIVE RESISTANCE CUTTING WIRE LATED STEEL FRAME CUTTING TECHNIDUES & OPERA TING INSTRUCflONS INCLUDED UP TO 41 SEND $500 FOR 60 PAGE CATALOG IL RESIDENTS ADD 7% TAX CALL 309-342-3009 VISA & MASTER CARD ACCEP TEDADD $500 SHIPPING IN USA WING MFG 306 E SIMMONS GALESBURG IL 61401 boxes now just heck build onekits available radios just like airplanes ombat/Cartier Continued page 134 contest-high score 614 274 Joe using FAT model Mike used Arrowshaft Slow Fox Stunt 35 Like just about other flier using Stunt 35 got rich run going about 55 60 mph other match Roy Krupa made outstanding flight against Iskandar Taib Taib got streamer except knot first pass Roy came back got two good-sized cuts leaving about six inches streamer Taib tried everything could keep away Krupa managed get three-inch cut six inches crepe winning 590 388 two Juniors Alan Cartier Ryan Blair real crowd-pleasing match Alan flying Fox 35 model got up first usual rich Fox 35 run Ryan little faster flew Team Race awhile Ryan making up-and-down passes finally getting about half streamer chased some both pilots getting ambitious Ryan started doing some figure-eight passes did Alan Ryan put model dirt Ryan got back up faster setting after losing lot air time got another cut point Alans model started lean out managed cut crowd got started cheering Ryan got really aggressive started going third cut got bit line tangle Alan got second cut making 2-2 Ryan went again pit crew got him back up record time couldnt get lined up cut few seconds remaining Alan won rousing match 2-2 air time After three rounds rain delay Larry Driskill topped four-way tie three wins 1393 points Tom Fluker second 958 points David Owen came third 923 points Ed Blair fourth 893 total-points tiebreaker really worked Driskill stayed up full five minutes match scored five cuts never came close midair Continued page 178 142 Model Aviation