Upstart 4

Mark Drela Construction carbon fibertechnique photos C Lon Enloe Other photos Ray Harlan angle shotand tre mendous deflection stabilizer wing flaps 52 Model Aviation Black stuff fuselage wing stabilizer shown views carbon fibers used Stiffen ing reinforcement Rudder mark isjust decoration Technique allows lighter-weight structures necessary low-ceiling work enough strength withstand powerhouse launches state-of-the-art low-ceiling Indoor Hand-Launch Glider holdsthe Cat IAMA National Record special interest use carbon fiber reinforcing stress areas very little weight gain Authortells work material THE UPSTART 4 AMA Category Indoor Hand-Launched Glider incorporating new design construction features make possible very dramatic increase performance duration achieved glider 126 higher previous record duration particular features distinguish Upstart other designs carbon fiber laminations wing fuselage stabilizer two-piece wing spliced different wood cuts very deep wing slots Also glider has rather large overall size departure current trend toward smaller designs Design Philosophy- Upstart 4 latest series four gliders built during last few months 1979 guiding principle development process bigger better Naturally kind reasoning will quickly lead structural problems wing loading kept constant wing slot especially creates severe weak spot wing root first tried carbon fiber Upstart 240 sq 14 span eliminate weak spot As acid test mad slot very deep over 50% root chordand wing turned Out extremely strong Interestingly enough stab folded particularly hard launch perfor mance glider encouraging430 seconds under 35 ft Upstart 3 natural extension Upstart 2 Wing area span increased 52 sq 16 respectively Wing loading kept same glider would roll out just under 35 ft Just like Upstart 2 new ship wing spliced together piece C-grain balsa front very light A-grain flaps gave flaps necessary flexibility retaining rigid leading edge Again carbon fiber applied strengthen wing root As expected performance improved best time under 35 ft 448 seconds Encouraged performance gain decided configuration Upstart 4 new glider originally built just like Upstarts 2 3 carbon fiber wing few weeks later decided glve new lighter longer fuselage stiffened carbon fiber several effects First decrease fuse lage boom weight naturally accompanied decrease ballast weight As result overall weight went 585 55 grams gave Upstart 4 lowest wing loading series Sink rate turned out phenomenal 70 ft/sec somewhat mixed blessing ever difficulty reaching 35 ft since glider now underweight despite fact Upstart 4 would now tolerate steeper nearly vertical launch lower pitch moment inertia caused lighter fuselage resulted snappier roll-out better damping pitch oscillations afterwards Ballasting later tried get altitude turned out ineffective faster glide offset extra height decreased already poor resistance stalling induced turbulence Anyway record flights 474 463 seconds Glastonbury CT Upstart 4 reached peak its trajectory several feet spare 34-ft il-in ceiling Construction have raw carbon fiber readily available can still build very competitive Upstart 4 will fall apart launch Substituting fiberglass strands pulled heavy glass cloth carbon fiber wing should eliminate weak spot root good idea however apply glass fuselage since fiberglass has one-fourth lengthwise stiffness carbon fiber 50% heavier Kevlar also unsuitable since poor compression would simpler use plain balsa fuselage higher density larger cross section glider size top-quality wood essential wing flaps especially should free defects hard streaks since uneven flap deflection can cause problems launch cutting out rear half wing good idea leave some excess material trailing edge particularly tips Note grain direction wing swept splice line however should straight along span wing pieces cut out After wing sanded narrow wedge cut out dihedral break will glve proper sweep Extreme care required splicing front rear pieces joint must perfect gaps cement will eventually shrink warp wing Glue wing splice Ambroid sure give precoat piece apply pressure joint during drying since generally results internal stresses might warp wing later An alternative way glue splice cyanoacrylate wont shrink will harder sand soft balsa Because airfoil glider has very thin sharp leading edge protective strip essential glider have reasonable lifetime use 020 model railroad basswood though very hard balsa should work just welL Wet strip attach white glue such Titebond Eimers wing splice drying fuselage tail surfaces can built enables weigh establish precise weight schedule before wing sanded must done gliders built correct wing loading time decide use carbon fiber fuselage good weight shoot 90 grams instead 60 grams An additional 20 grams ballast will probably required well Start shaping wing sanding 1/32-in January 1981 53 sanded-in wingup wsnouton oouom surraccaisappears minis view behind flaps warped downward Illummnming mn uuuom wing surfsamu shdmmuw dngI reveis summe hills valleyswhich required best performance ting out wings center results sweep grain Before cutting about 1/32-in undercamber sanded Completed wing ready application carbon fiber Upstart 4 has phenomenal low sink rate Wing picture 25-in span Upstart 6 undercamber front half wing use little less wing root preserve strength lacking glider will fly some what faster stall-prone Also sand 3/32-in washout tips Use 180- 220grade paper narrow sanding block Keep block parallel leading edge sand very short strokes across grain Finish bottom 400 paper Letting light shine wing shallow angle good way visualize required subtle curves surface Turn wing over taper towards tips taper 25% chord almost linear root outwards razor plane can save time sandpaper during operation Next shape flaps triangular cross section Note thickness splice line plans check flaps have proper flexibility place full-length wood pencil along trailing edge should cause depress about ed too thin flaps will flutter launch has happened before Finish off wing shaping front top surface polishing everything 600-grade paper As wing being shaped continuous moni toring weight necessary weight carbon fiber fiberglass bonding cement will about10 grams adjust accord ingly An important thing watch out spanwise location wings center-of-gravity CG should middle slightly off towards left wing drag-producing area will right CG will create favorable yaw forces transition right-right pattern reason good idea orient wing blank left wing heavier make dihedral joint cut Out narrow triangle center trailing edge becomes straight Sand bevel front half wing supporting 1/32-in undercamber Ive used both Titebond Am broid joint both work fine precoat applied tail surfaces always use Ambroid since can dissolved necessary Carbon Technique wing dihedral joint drying can prepare carbon fiber fiber used came Hercules Inc Bacchus Works PO Box 98 Magna UT 84044 phone 801 250-5911 NFFS Supply also stocks important confuse raw carbon fiber what want pre preg fiber has heat-curing resin raw carbon fibers about 3 mils diameter too fine flimsy used individually fibers come bundle about 20000 weighs roughly 25 grams/foot Since bundle too thick heavy Indoor HL Gliders must split smaller bundles Unfortunately difficult sounds fibers always intertwined light touch exercised lot will break turning bundle frayed mess have developed systematic method splitting bundle illustrated photos difficulty seems proportional length bundle practice first shorter wing pieces amount carbon fiber used Upstart 4 half bundle tapered side wing rear brace quarter bundle fuselage side front wing brace stabilizer uses one-sixteenth bundle side piece does feel stiff enough should hesitate add carbon since adds very little weight believe success carbon fiber primarily due bonding agent used cellu lose cement instead usual epoxy cement has big advantagecompared epoxy almost effortless use Another advantage application evaporates after application permitting very high fiber-to-matrix ratio Its possible dis advantage shrinkage has caused prob lems Make up bonding cement thinning Ambroid consistency dope Ive also used Micro-X cement success Before attach ing carbon fiber precoat balsa thinned dope Anchor part table tape lay carbon bundle top working out twists Cement down -in length bundle near end applying drop adhesive top carbon letting soak through balsa wiping off excess carbon attached inch time good idea apply small tension bundle cement dries straighten out fibers possible Also important spread out fibers evenly over surface pointed balsa stick makes good multi-purpose tool applying cement arranging fibers feel adventurous can taper carbon Ive done wing fuselage done repeatedly dragging carbon between fingernail edges breaks some surface fibers allows pull off can also approximate linear taper using lots small bundles varying lengths easier takes longer carbon fiber application complete let cement harden least four hours Continued page 122 54 Model Aviation 1 Join fiber ends cellulose cement such Ambroid avoid frayingvery important 2 Split suspended bundle fibers middle Try avoid snagging individual fibers 3 Slowly spread apart bundle keep ing fibers tension 4 Keep carbon fiber slight tension cement dries handling tips text * MOST STREAMLINED * COOL RUNNING * COMPUTED FOR YOUR ENGINE * NOTHING TO ADJUST * NO STRAPS NT FALL OFF * TAPPED FOR MUFFLER PRESSURE * LIGHT WEIGHT. 19 46 size approx 3/4 oz 50 90 size approx 1-1/2 oz * PROVEN IN NATIONAL COMPETITION LOWEST POWER LOSS PRICE $2000 POSTAGE & HANDLING 0 OHIO RESIDENTS ADDL SALES TAX 0 K & B 40 BAFFLE ADAPTERS AVAILABLE . AND STILL NO UNSIGHTLY STRAPSI ONLY $200 ADDITIONAL ROBERT PAUL PREPAID CHECK OR1482 ORCHARD GROVE MONEY ORDER TOLAKEWOOD OHIO 44107 SCS frames must anchored sticking pins through wood However possible purchase insect mounting pins tempered steel have diameter about 009-in sharp slide between wood fibersnd no damage necessary anchor stab fasten support time Otherwise may shatter stab alignment phase follows Note two rear stands individ ually adjustable height tilt Although process alignment tedious possible precisely align broken ends boom struts can butt-glued So move thing time until correct alignment achieved glue ends together Allow joint dry thoroughly apply thin parallel splint piece bridge joint What else can jigs Two other photos show wing two stages brac ing first wing being fastened cabane/wing post assembly sup ported same mounting block wing will use stored model box First cabane structure erected mount block taped work board Note board fastened table can rotated easy access either side wing board straight flat can used reference measure alignment during bracing operation other photo t l-tUl AND LAX I-Al-l WITH BEST QUALITY WING BAGS YOUR CHOICE OF COLORS PATTERNS LOGOS HEAYY WATERPROOF NYLON CLOTH THICK BLACK FOAM INTERNAL PADDING IA RAPA ROUND ZIPPER 2 PULLS ENTIRELY DOUBLE STITCHED INTERNAL POCKETS FOR STABILIZERS GREAT PROTECTION FOR ANY MODEL WING SEND S SE FOR FULL DETAILS SLOPE ASSOCIATES 2317 N 63RD SEATTLE WASHINGTON 98103 Jacli Arnhstrengs American P-40 a Japanese Zero Authentic Semi-Scale Reprints OualiRy card Stock Remember Well Flew just left right sides plan indicates tried after Upstart 4 built results looked good Also dont skimp stabilizer scoff reinforcing lightly stressed member take good look stabilizer has some carbon launch photo After seeing tripled carbon subsequent stabilizers Flying Add lead nose bring CG just behind position indicated plans fine-trim clay slow glide glider very sensitive CG shifts goes stall dive slightest provocation add some clay up elevator increase static stability margln thrown hard horizontally Upstart 4 should show no diving looping tendencies wants ioop remove clay add down stab decrease stab area wants dive add clay up increase stab area Keep mind looping tendencies can also result overly flexible flaps diving tendencies can result stiff flaps and/or overly flexible stab Small changes CG will still necessary fine-tuning glide have heard lot conflicting opinions what makes breaks transition climb glide opinions observations follows First rudder should small possiblejust big enough prevent wandering glide big rudder will make glider fly though rails prevent rapid yawing motion flip glide peak trajectory Sufficient dihedral also essential flip Other factors help having draggier right wing wider chord aCG slightly left centerline Sometimes extra right-rudder deflec tion together left tip weight necessary Some other problems often cause poor transitions poor launch over weight extremities CG too far back uninten tional flexing fuselage flying surfaces latter usually manifests itself erratic climbs well Fine-trimming glider does consist urn 5500merely adjusting nose weight until glider flies just short stall speed very important thing watch out premature stall either wing tip can prevent rest wing reaching its optimum lift coefficient thereby limiting performance glider people realize manner glider stalls can give great deal information premature stall instance does glider execute sharp turn right assuming right glide during stall sure sign right wing tip stalling pre maturely pulling glider around due extra drag Likewise stall left wing tip produces momentary tendency fly straight little left far best way delay wing tip stall droop leading edge careful bending Raising trailing edge instead often ineffective since reduces airfoil thickness maximum lift coefficient obtain able Anyway wing tips should tweaked produce stall causes no departure glide circle optimum glide trim itself can determined stopwatch glider best times resulted flying slightly faster slowest speed obtainable As final word should point out HL Glider Indoor event requires practice best glider contest will generally outfly competition flier inexperienced completely unfamiliar glider reason serious competitor should practice much possible allows him wring last second out primary bracing has installed dihedral tip bracing being added last photo shows typical wire mounting peg installed wing leading trailing edges wherever wires will attach framework reason using long skinny piece glued lengthwise glue applied anchorthe wire will soften joint anchoring peg Also need adjust bracing later small amount thinner will allow loosen wire disturbing peg Bud Tenny P0 Box 545 Richardson TX 75080 Upstart 4/Drela Continued page 54 Under no circumstances should piece subjected flexing during time since cement soft weak some delamination will likely occur will probably spots no cement applied didnt soak through balsa after drying flex piece lightly observing compression side fibers popping off Eliminate defects applying very thin cement wiping off excess Id like recommend apply carbon fiber four sides fuselage instead 122 Model Aviation REPUBLIC SEABEE o MR Gs PRODUCTS 1100 Michigan Box 161 Marysville MI 48040 Wing Span 78 complete Hardware Epoxy Glass Retractable Gear 40 PoweredA Factors N ON REAR NGS BROWN CO 2 ENG NE5 IIE'lIitSII REA APANESE 5555 PROPS 175PAN i4COMPLETE CATALOG $1 00 MAN HARD OF NO EMS Pech-PeIpmes W BOX 2498 AM LA MESA CALII 92041 model also improves consistency gives him feel what needed way improvement USNAM/Wilson Continued page 68 installed Guarded constantly Hughes person nel PB2Y-5R stayed NAS Long Beach until 1973 Summa Cor poration gave flying boat USNAM Coronado mint structural condi tion lacking application fresh gloss sea-blue paint bring craft back standard elegance mission United States Naval Aviation Museum select collect preserve display appropriate memor abilia representative US Navy aviation justice goal museum always seeking Navy aircraft aviation objects now missing museums exceptional collection Once Pensacola FL area direc tions USNAM abound hospi tality awaits aviation enthusiast opportunity presents itself dont miss delightful self-tour United States Naval Aviation Museum TheauthorwishestothankCapt Grover C Walker Director Museum Robert Blaikie Deputy Director courtesy extended preparation article Directory US Naval Air Museum Aircraft Manufacturer/Designation/Bu Aer No Beech/AOM-37A KD2B-1 Target Drone/NA Beech/MOM-3gA KDB-i Target Drone/NA Beech/Rc-45J SNB-5P1 Expediter/9771 Beech/T-34B Mentor/i 44033 Beech/T-34B Mentor/14081 6 Beech/YT-34c Mentor/i 40784 Bell/NuH-57A Jet Ranger/459i86 Bell/TH-13M HUL-S Sioux/i 42377 Bell/UH-13P HuL-i Sioux/i 431 43 Boeing-Stearman/N25-4 Kaydet/41-8767 Burgess/N-9H/tJnknown cessna/a-i OE Bird Dog/unknown chanceNought/F-8A F8U-i crusader/i 45347 columbia/J2F-6 Duck/33561 consolidated/PBY-5 catalina/83i 7 conaolidated/PB2Y5R coronado/7099 Curtiss/A-i Triad/NA curtiss/JN-4 Jenny/unknown curtiss/Nc-4/unknown curtiss/SB2c-5 Helldiver/83479 DeHaviland/N U-i B Otter/i 44672 Douglas/A-i H AD-S Skyraider/i 35300 Douglas/A-3A A3D-1 Skywarrior/i 384i 8 Douglas/A4c A4D-2N Skyhawk/i47788 Douglas/A4D-i Skyhawk/i3781 3 Douglas/c-47H R4D-5 Skytrain/i 2418 Douglas/c-47J R4D-61 Skytrain/508i Douglas/c-47J Skytrain/i 50188 Douglas/c47J Skytrain/i SQi 90 Douglss/c-540 R5D-3 Skymaster/56533 Douglas/c-i 188 R6D-1 Liftmaster/i 28431 Douglas/D-558-i Skystreak/37970 Douglas/EA-i F AD-SO Skyraider/i32532 Douglas/F-6A IF4D-i Skyray/i 34806 Douglas/F-i OA xF3D-i Skyknight/i 2i 458 Douglas/SBD-3 A-24 Dsuntless/42-608i 7 Ford/RR-4 Tn Motor/Unknown General Motors/FM-2 Wildcat/86690 General Motors/TBM-3E Avenger/53403 Goodyear/FG-i D corsair/920i3 Goodyear/FG-i D corsair/92246 Grumman/cl Trader/i 36754 1 YEAR WARRANTY AUTHORIZED SERVICE * ings z Chrome Moly -* 244 cu inch dispBCrank Rod 32 horsepower * Weight 65 lb DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME Price subject change notice ROUSH MFG PO Box 251 Sandyville OH 44671 866-9462 484-4374 Grumman/E-i B WF-2 Tracer/i48i46 Grumman/F6F-5 Hellcat/94203 Grumman/F7F-3N Tigercat/80382 Grumman/F8F-2P Bearcat/i2i7iO Grumman/F9F-2 Panther/i 23050 Grumman/F9F-6 cougar/i 26670 Grumman/F9F-6 cougar/iai 230 Grumman/F-i iA Tiger/i 41 884 Grumman/FF-i Fifi/Unknown Grumman/HU-i 6D UF-2 Albatross/i 37904 Grumman/HU-i SD UF-2 Albatross/i 4i 266 Grumman/HU-i SE Albatross/7236 Grumman/S-2E 52F-3 Tracker/i Si 647 Grumman/TF-9J cougar/i 47276 Grumman/TF-i iA Tiger/i 41 828 Grumman/TS-2A Tracker/i 29i 53 Grumman/TS-2A Tracker/i33255 Gyrodone/OH-50 Dash/NA Gyrodone/YRON-i/401 3 Kaman/OH-43D HOK-i 1/138101 Lockheed/Ec-i2i K IWV-2 warning Star/i 4322i Lockheed/Pv-i L-i 81/Unknown Lockheed/P2V-i Truculent Turtle/89082 Lockheed/SP-2H P2V Neptune/i 41234 Lockheed/T-33B/i 38073 Lockheed/TV-i TO-i Seastar/33840 Martin/AM-i Mauler/i 22397 Martin/SP-5B PSM-2 Marlin/i 35533 McDonnell/F2H-2 Banshee/i 25052 McDonnell/F2D F2H-3 Banshee/i 27693 McDonnell/F-3B F3H-i Demon/i 37078 McDonnell Douglas/F4B Phantom/i 49457 North American/F-iE FJ-41 Fury/i 39486 North American/FJ-i Fury/i 20351 North American/SNJ-SB Texan Si 96/5i 968 North American/T-2B T2J-2 Buckeye/i 53542 North American/T-28B Troian/i 40521 North American/T-28B Trojan/i 40548 North American/T-28c Trojan/i 4051 North American/Rockwell/RAsc/i 56624 Naval Aircraft Factory/MF Boat/5483 Naval Aircraft Factory/N3N-3 Yellow Peril/3045 Naval Aircraft Factory/TS-2/A-6446 Continued page 125 $ 189~ Sh4ping Paid Pre-paid Ordersf January 1981 123 Rising Star Kiortz Giant Scale Engines

Mark Drela Construction carbon fibertechnique photos C Lon Enloe Other photos Ray Harlan angle shotand tre mendous deflection stabilizer wing flaps 52 Model Aviation Black stuff fuselage wing stabilizer shown views carbon fibers used Stiffen ing reinforcement Rudder mark isjust decoration Technique allows lighter-weight structures necessary low-ceiling work enough strength withstand powerhouse launches state-of-the-art low-ceiling Indoor Hand-Launch Glider holdsthe Cat IAMA National Record special interest use carbon fiber reinforcing stress areas very little weight gain Authortells work material THE UPSTART 4 AMA Category Indoor Hand-Launched Glider incorporating new design construction features make possible very dramatic increase performance duration achieved glider 126 higher previous record duration particular features distinguish Upstart other designs carbon fiber laminations wing fuselage stabilizer two-piece wing spliced different wood cuts very deep wing slots Also glider has rather large overall size departure current trend toward smaller designs Design Philosophy- Upstart 4 latest series four gliders built during last few months 1979 guiding principle development process bigger better Naturally kind reasoning will quickly lead structural problems wing loading kept constant wing slot especially creates severe weak spot wing root first tried carbon fiber Upstart 240 sq 14 span eliminate weak spot As acid test mad slot very deep over 50% root chordand wing turned Out extremely strong Interestingly enough stab folded particularly hard launch perfor mance glider encouraging430 seconds under 35 ft Upstart 3 natural extension Upstart 2 Wing area span increased 52 sq 16 respectively Wing loading kept same glider would roll out just under 35 ft Just like Upstart 2 new ship wing spliced together piece C-grain balsa front very light A-grain flaps gave flaps necessary flexibility retaining rigid leading edge Again carbon fiber applied strengthen wing root As expected performance improved best time under 35 ft 448 seconds Encouraged performance gain decided configuration Upstart 4 new glider originally built just like Upstarts 2 3 carbon fiber wing few weeks later decided glve new lighter longer fuselage stiffened carbon fiber several effects First decrease fuse lage boom weight naturally accompanied decrease ballast weight As result overall weight went 585 55 grams gave Upstart 4 lowest wing loading series Sink rate turned out phenomenal 70 ft/sec somewhat mixed blessing ever difficulty reaching 35 ft since glider now underweight despite fact Upstart 4 would now tolerate steeper nearly vertical launch lower pitch moment inertia caused lighter fuselage resulted snappier roll-out better damping pitch oscillations afterwards Ballasting later tried get altitude turned out ineffective faster glide offset extra height decreased already poor resistance stalling induced turbulence Anyway record flights 474 463 seconds Glastonbury CT Upstart 4 reached peak its trajectory several feet spare 34-ft il-in ceiling Construction have raw carbon fiber readily available can still build very competitive Upstart 4 will fall apart launch Substituting fiberglass strands pulled heavy glass cloth carbon fiber wing should eliminate weak spot root good idea however apply glass fuselage since fiberglass has one-fourth lengthwise stiffness carbon fiber 50% heavier Kevlar also unsuitable since poor compression would simpler use plain balsa fuselage higher density larger cross section glider size top-quality wood essential wing flaps especially should free defects hard streaks since uneven flap deflection can cause problems launch cutting out rear half wing good idea leave some excess material trailing edge particularly tips Note grain direction wing swept splice line however should straight along span wing pieces cut out After wing sanded narrow wedge cut out dihedral break will glve proper sweep Extreme care required splicing front rear pieces joint must perfect gaps cement will eventually shrink warp wing Glue wing splice Ambroid sure give precoat piece apply pressure joint during drying since generally results internal stresses might warp wing later An alternative way glue splice cyanoacrylate wont shrink will harder sand soft balsa Because airfoil glider has very thin sharp leading edge protective strip essential glider have reasonable lifetime use 020 model railroad basswood though very hard balsa should work just welL Wet strip attach white glue such Titebond Eimers wing splice drying fuselage tail surfaces can built enables weigh establish precise weight schedule before wing sanded must done gliders built correct wing loading time decide use carbon fiber fuselage good weight shoot 90 grams instead 60 grams An additional 20 grams ballast will probably required well Start shaping wing sanding 1/32-in January 1981 53 sanded-in wingup wsnouton oouom surraccaisappears minis view behind flaps warped downward Illummnming mn uuuom wing surfsamu shdmmuw dngI reveis summe hills valleyswhich required best performance ting out wings center results sweep grain Before cutting about 1/32-in undercamber sanded Completed wing ready application carbon fiber Upstart 4 has phenomenal low sink rate Wing picture 25-in span Upstart 6 undercamber front half wing use little less wing root preserve strength lacking glider will fly some what faster stall-prone Also sand 3/32-in washout tips Use 180- 220grade paper narrow sanding block Keep block parallel leading edge sand very short strokes across grain Finish bottom 400 paper Letting light shine wing shallow angle good way visualize required subtle curves surface Turn wing over taper towards tips taper 25% chord almost linear root outwards razor plane can save time sandpaper during operation Next shape flaps triangular cross section Note thickness splice line plans check flaps have proper flexibility place full-length wood pencil along trailing edge should cause depress about ed too thin flaps will flutter launch has happened before Finish off wing shaping front top surface polishing everything 600-grade paper As wing being shaped continuous moni toring weight necessary weight carbon fiber fiberglass bonding cement will about10 grams adjust accord ingly An important thing watch out spanwise location wings center-of-gravity CG should middle slightly off towards left wing drag-producing area will right CG will create favorable yaw forces transition right-right pattern reason good idea orient wing blank left wing heavier make dihedral joint cut Out narrow triangle center trailing edge becomes straight Sand bevel front half wing supporting 1/32-in undercamber Ive used both Titebond Am broid joint both work fine precoat applied tail surfaces always use Ambroid since can dissolved necessary Carbon Technique wing dihedral joint drying can prepare carbon fiber fiber used came Hercules Inc Bacchus Works PO Box 98 Magna UT 84044 phone 801 250-5911 NFFS Supply also stocks important confuse raw carbon fiber what want pre preg fiber has heat-curing resin raw carbon fibers about 3 mils diameter too fine flimsy used individually fibers come bundle about 20000 weighs roughly 25 grams/foot Since bundle too thick heavy Indoor HL Gliders must split smaller bundles Unfortunately difficult sounds fibers always intertwined light touch exercised lot will break turning bundle frayed mess have developed systematic method splitting bundle illustrated photos difficulty seems proportional length bundle practice first shorter wing pieces amount carbon fiber used Upstart 4 half bundle tapered side wing rear brace quarter bundle fuselage side front wing brace stabilizer uses one-sixteenth bundle side piece does feel stiff enough should hesitate add carbon since adds very little weight believe success carbon fiber primarily due bonding agent used cellu lose cement instead usual epoxy cement has big advantagecompared epoxy almost effortless use Another advantage application evaporates after application permitting very high fiber-to-matrix ratio Its possible dis advantage shrinkage has caused prob lems Make up bonding cement thinning Ambroid consistency dope Ive also used Micro-X cement success Before attach ing carbon fiber precoat balsa thinned dope Anchor part table tape lay carbon bundle top working out twists Cement down -in length bundle near end applying drop adhesive top carbon letting soak through balsa wiping off excess carbon attached inch time good idea apply small tension bundle cement dries straighten out fibers possible Also important spread out fibers evenly over surface pointed balsa stick makes good multi-purpose tool applying cement arranging fibers feel adventurous can taper carbon Ive done wing fuselage done repeatedly dragging carbon between fingernail edges breaks some surface fibers allows pull off can also approximate linear taper using lots small bundles varying lengths easier takes longer carbon fiber application complete let cement harden least four hours Continued page 122 54 Model Aviation 1 Join fiber ends cellulose cement such Ambroid avoid frayingvery important 2 Split suspended bundle fibers middle Try avoid snagging individual fibers 3 Slowly spread apart bundle keep ing fibers tension 4 Keep carbon fiber slight tension cement dries handling tips text * MOST STREAMLINED * COOL RUNNING * COMPUTED FOR YOUR ENGINE * NOTHING TO ADJUST * NO STRAPS NT FALL OFF * TAPPED FOR MUFFLER PRESSURE * LIGHT WEIGHT. 19 46 size approx 3/4 oz 50 90 size approx 1-1/2 oz * PROVEN IN NATIONAL COMPETITION LOWEST POWER LOSS PRICE $2000 POSTAGE & HANDLING 0 OHIO RESIDENTS ADDL SALES TAX 0 K & B 40 BAFFLE ADAPTERS AVAILABLE . AND STILL NO UNSIGHTLY STRAPSI ONLY $200 ADDITIONAL ROBERT PAUL PREPAID CHECK OR1482 ORCHARD GROVE MONEY ORDER TOLAKEWOOD OHIO 44107 SCS frames must anchored sticking pins through wood However possible purchase insect mounting pins tempered steel have diameter about 009-in sharp slide between wood fibersnd no damage necessary anchor stab fasten support time Otherwise may shatter stab alignment phase follows Note two rear stands individ ually adjustable height tilt Although process alignment tedious possible precisely align broken ends boom struts can butt-glued So move thing time until correct alignment achieved glue ends together Allow joint dry thoroughly apply thin parallel splint piece bridge joint What else can jigs Two other photos show wing two stages brac ing first wing being fastened cabane/wing post assembly sup ported same mounting block wing will use stored model box First cabane structure erected mount block taped work board Note board fastened table can rotated easy access either side wing board straight flat can used reference measure alignment during bracing operation other photo t l-tUl AND LAX I-Al-l WITH BEST QUALITY WING BAGS YOUR CHOICE OF COLORS PATTERNS LOGOS HEAYY WATERPROOF NYLON CLOTH THICK BLACK FOAM INTERNAL PADDING IA RAPA ROUND ZIPPER 2 PULLS ENTIRELY DOUBLE STITCHED INTERNAL POCKETS FOR STABILIZERS GREAT PROTECTION FOR ANY MODEL WING SEND S SE FOR FULL DETAILS SLOPE ASSOCIATES 2317 N 63RD SEATTLE WASHINGTON 98103 Jacli Arnhstrengs American P-40 a Japanese Zero Authentic Semi-Scale Reprints OualiRy card Stock Remember Well Flew just left right sides plan indicates tried after Upstart 4 built results looked good Also dont skimp stabilizer scoff reinforcing lightly stressed member take good look stabilizer has some carbon launch photo After seeing tripled carbon subsequent stabilizers Flying Add lead nose bring CG just behind position indicated plans fine-trim clay slow glide glider very sensitive CG shifts goes stall dive slightest provocation add some clay up elevator increase static stability margln thrown hard horizontally Upstart 4 should show no diving looping tendencies wants ioop remove clay add down stab decrease stab area wants dive add clay up increase stab area Keep mind looping tendencies can also result overly flexible flaps diving tendencies can result stiff flaps and/or overly flexible stab Small changes CG will still necessary fine-tuning glide have heard lot conflicting opinions what makes breaks transition climb glide opinions observations follows First rudder should small possiblejust big enough prevent wandering glide big rudder will make glider fly though rails prevent rapid yawing motion flip glide peak trajectory Sufficient dihedral also essential flip Other factors help having draggier right wing wider chord aCG slightly left centerline Sometimes extra right-rudder deflec tion together left tip weight necessary Some other problems often cause poor transitions poor launch over weight extremities CG too far back uninten tional flexing fuselage flying surfaces latter usually manifests itself erratic climbs well Fine-trimming glider does consist urn 5500merely adjusting nose weight until glider flies just short stall speed very important thing watch out premature stall either wing tip can prevent rest wing reaching its optimum lift coefficient thereby limiting performance glider people realize manner glider stalls can give great deal information premature stall instance does glider execute sharp turn right assuming right glide during stall sure sign right wing tip stalling pre maturely pulling glider around due extra drag Likewise stall left wing tip produces momentary tendency fly straight little left far best way delay wing tip stall droop leading edge careful bending Raising trailing edge instead often ineffective since reduces airfoil thickness maximum lift coefficient obtain able Anyway wing tips should tweaked produce stall causes no departure glide circle optimum glide trim itself can determined stopwatch glider best times resulted flying slightly faster slowest speed obtainable As final word should point out HL Glider Indoor event requires practice best glider contest will generally outfly competition flier inexperienced completely unfamiliar glider reason serious competitor should practice much possible allows him wring last second out primary bracing has installed dihedral tip bracing being added last photo shows typical wire mounting peg installed wing leading trailing edges wherever wires will attach framework reason using long skinny piece glued lengthwise glue applied anchorthe wire will soften joint anchoring peg Also need adjust bracing later small amount thinner will allow loosen wire disturbing peg Bud Tenny P0 Box 545 Richardson TX 75080 Upstart 4/Drela Continued page 54 Under no circumstances should piece subjected flexing during time since cement soft weak some delamination will likely occur will probably spots no cement applied didnt soak through balsa after drying flex piece lightly observing compression side fibers popping off Eliminate defects applying very thin cement wiping off excess Id like recommend apply carbon fiber four sides fuselage instead 122 Model Aviation REPUBLIC SEABEE o MR Gs PRODUCTS 1100 Michigan Box 161 Marysville MI 48040 Wing Span 78 complete Hardware Epoxy Glass Retractable Gear 40 PoweredA Factors N ON REAR NGS BROWN CO 2 ENG NE5 IIE'lIitSII REA APANESE 5555 PROPS 175PAN i4COMPLETE CATALOG $1 00 MAN HARD OF NO EMS Pech-PeIpmes W BOX 2498 AM LA MESA CALII 92041 model also improves consistency gives him feel what needed way improvement USNAM/Wilson Continued page 68 installed Guarded constantly Hughes person nel PB2Y-5R stayed NAS Long Beach until 1973 Summa Cor poration gave flying boat USNAM Coronado mint structural condi tion lacking application fresh gloss sea-blue paint bring craft back standard elegance mission United States Naval Aviation Museum select collect preserve display appropriate memor abilia representative US Navy aviation justice goal museum always seeking Navy aircraft aviation objects now missing museums exceptional collection Once Pensacola FL area direc tions USNAM abound hospi tality awaits aviation enthusiast opportunity presents itself dont miss delightful self-tour United States Naval Aviation Museum TheauthorwishestothankCapt Grover C Walker Director Museum Robert Blaikie Deputy Director courtesy extended preparation article Directory US Naval Air Museum Aircraft Manufacturer/Designation/Bu Aer No Beech/AOM-37A KD2B-1 Target Drone/NA Beech/MOM-3gA KDB-i Target Drone/NA Beech/Rc-45J SNB-5P1 Expediter/9771 Beech/T-34B Mentor/i 44033 Beech/T-34B Mentor/14081 6 Beech/YT-34c Mentor/i 40784 Bell/NuH-57A Jet Ranger/459i86 Bell/TH-13M HUL-S Sioux/i 42377 Bell/UH-13P HuL-i Sioux/i 431 43 Boeing-Stearman/N25-4 Kaydet/41-8767 Burgess/N-9H/tJnknown cessna/a-i OE Bird Dog/unknown chanceNought/F-8A F8U-i crusader/i 45347 columbia/J2F-6 Duck/33561 consolidated/PBY-5 catalina/83i 7 conaolidated/PB2Y5R coronado/7099 Curtiss/A-i Triad/NA curtiss/JN-4 Jenny/unknown curtiss/Nc-4/unknown curtiss/SB2c-5 Helldiver/83479 DeHaviland/N U-i B Otter/i 44672 Douglas/A-i H AD-S Skyraider/i 35300 Douglas/A-3A A3D-1 Skywarrior/i 384i 8 Douglas/A4c A4D-2N Skyhawk/i47788 Douglas/A4D-i Skyhawk/i3781 3 Douglas/c-47H R4D-5 Skytrain/i 2418 Douglas/c-47J R4D-61 Skytrain/508i Douglas/c-47J Skytrain/i 50188 Douglas/c47J Skytrain/i SQi 90 Douglss/c-540 R5D-3 Skymaster/56533 Douglas/c-i 188 R6D-1 Liftmaster/i 28431 Douglas/D-558-i Skystreak/37970 Douglas/EA-i F AD-SO Skyraider/i32532 Douglas/F-6A IF4D-i Skyray/i 34806 Douglas/F-i OA xF3D-i Skyknight/i 2i 458 Douglas/SBD-3 A-24 Dsuntless/42-608i 7 Ford/RR-4 Tn Motor/Unknown General Motors/FM-2 Wildcat/86690 General Motors/TBM-3E Avenger/53403 Goodyear/FG-i D corsair/920i3 Goodyear/FG-i D corsair/92246 Grumman/cl Trader/i 36754 1 YEAR WARRANTY AUTHORIZED SERVICE * ings z Chrome Moly -* 244 cu inch dispBCrank Rod 32 horsepower * Weight 65 lb DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME Price subject change notice ROUSH MFG PO Box 251 Sandyville OH 44671 866-9462 484-4374 Grumman/E-i B WF-2 Tracer/i48i46 Grumman/F6F-5 Hellcat/94203 Grumman/F7F-3N Tigercat/80382 Grumman/F8F-2P Bearcat/i2i7iO Grumman/F9F-2 Panther/i 23050 Grumman/F9F-6 cougar/i 26670 Grumman/F9F-6 cougar/iai 230 Grumman/F-i iA Tiger/i 41 884 Grumman/FF-i Fifi/Unknown Grumman/HU-i 6D UF-2 Albatross/i 37904 Grumman/HU-i SD UF-2 Albatross/i 4i 266 Grumman/HU-i SE Albatross/7236 Grumman/S-2E 52F-3 Tracker/i Si 647 Grumman/TF-9J cougar/i 47276 Grumman/TF-i iA Tiger/i 41 828 Grumman/TS-2A Tracker/i 29i 53 Grumman/TS-2A Tracker/i33255 Gyrodone/OH-50 Dash/NA Gyrodone/YRON-i/401 3 Kaman/OH-43D HOK-i 1/138101 Lockheed/Ec-i2i K IWV-2 warning Star/i 4322i Lockheed/Pv-i L-i 81/Unknown Lockheed/P2V-i Truculent Turtle/89082 Lockheed/SP-2H P2V Neptune/i 41234 Lockheed/T-33B/i 38073 Lockheed/TV-i TO-i Seastar/33840 Martin/AM-i Mauler/i 22397 Martin/SP-5B PSM-2 Marlin/i 35533 McDonnell/F2H-2 Banshee/i 25052 McDonnell/F2D F2H-3 Banshee/i 27693 McDonnell/F-3B F3H-i Demon/i 37078 McDonnell Douglas/F4B Phantom/i 49457 North American/F-iE FJ-41 Fury/i 39486 North American/FJ-i Fury/i 20351 North American/SNJ-SB Texan Si 96/5i 968 North American/T-2B T2J-2 Buckeye/i 53542 North American/T-28B Troian/i 40521 North American/T-28B Trojan/i 40548 North American/T-28c Trojan/i 4051 North American/Rockwell/RAsc/i 56624 Naval Aircraft Factory/MF Boat/5483 Naval Aircraft Factory/N3N-3 Yellow Peril/3045 Naval Aircraft Factory/TS-2/A-6446 Continued page 125 $ 189~ Sh4ping Paid Pre-paid Ordersf January 1981 123 Rising Star Kiortz Giant Scale Engines